Merge pull request #2117 from AFLplusplus/dev

push to stable

.clang-format

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ AlignOperands:   true
 AlignTrailingComments: true
 AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: true
 AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: true
-AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: true
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
 AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
 AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: true
 AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ IncludeCategories:
     Priority:        3
 IncludeIsMainRegex: '([-_](test|unittest))?$'
 IndentCaseLabels: true
-IndentPPDirectives: None
+IndentPPDirectives: BeforeHash
 IndentWidth:     2
 IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
 JavaScriptQuotes: Leave

.custom-format.py

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 # american fuzzy lop++ - custom code formatter
 # --------------------------------------------
 #
-# Written and maintaned by Andrea Fioraldi <andreafioraldi@gmail.com>
+# Written and maintained by Andrea Fioraldi <andreafioraldi@gmail.com>
 #
 # Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
-# Copyright 2019-2020 AFLplusplus Project. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2019-2023 AFLplusplus Project. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,41 +18,57 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import os
-import re
+# import re # TODO: for future use
+import shutil
+import importlib.metadata
+
+# string_re = re.compile('(\\"(\\\\.|[^"\\\\])*\\")') # TODO: for future use
+
+CURRENT_LLVM = os.getenv('LLVM_VERSION', 17)
+CLANG_FORMAT_BIN = os.getenv("CLANG_FORMAT_BIN", "")
+
+
+def check_clang_format_pip_version():
+    """
+    Check if the correct version of clang-format is installed via pip.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the correct version of clang-format is installed,
+        False otherwise.
+    """
+    # Check if clang-format is installed
+    if importlib.util.find_spec('clang_format'):
+        # Check if the installed version is the expected LLVM version
+        if importlib.metadata.version('clang-format')\
+                .startswith(str(CURRENT_LLVM)+'.'):
+            return True
+        else:
+            # Return False, because the clang-format version does not match
+            return False
+    else:
+        # If the 'clang_format' package isn't installed, return False
+        return False
 
-# string_re = re.compile('(\\"(\\\\.|[^"\\\\])*\\")') # future use
 
 with open(".clang-format") as f:
     fmt = f.read()
 
-CLANG_FORMAT_BIN = os.getenv("CLANG_FORMAT_BIN")
-if CLANG_FORMAT_BIN is None:
-    o = 0
-    try:
-        p = subprocess.Popen(["clang-format-8", "--version"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-        o, _ = p.communicate()
-        o = str(o, "utf-8")
-        o = o[len("clang-format version "):].strip()
-        o = o[:o.find(".")]
-        o = int(o)
-    except:
-        print ("clang-format-8 is needed. Aborted.")
-        exit(1)
-    #if o < 7:
-    #    if subprocess.call(['which', 'clang-format-7'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE) == 0:
-    #        CLANG_FORMAT_BIN = 'clang-format-7'
-    #    elif subprocess.call(['which', 'clang-format-8'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE) == 0:
-    #        CLANG_FORMAT_BIN = 'clang-format-8'
-    #    elif subprocess.call(['which', 'clang-format-9'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE) == 0:
-    #        CLANG_FORMAT_BIN = 'clang-format-9'
-    #    elif subprocess.call(['which', 'clang-format-10'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE) == 0:
-    #        CLANG_FORMAT_BIN = 'clang-format-10'
-    #    else:
-    #        print ("clang-format 7 or above is needed. Aborted.")
-    #        exit(1)
-    else:
-        CLANG_FORMAT_BIN = 'clang-format-8'
-            
+
+CLANG_FORMAT_PIP = check_clang_format_pip_version()
+
+if shutil.which(CLANG_FORMAT_BIN) is None:
+    CLANG_FORMAT_BIN = f"clang-format-{CURRENT_LLVM}"
+
+if shutil.which(CLANG_FORMAT_BIN) is None \
+        and CLANG_FORMAT_PIP is False:
+    print(f"[!] clang-format-{CURRENT_LLVM} is needed. Aborted.")
+    print(f"Run `pip3 install \"clang-format=={CURRENT_LLVM}.*\"` \
+to install via pip.")
+    exit(1)
+
+if CLANG_FORMAT_PIP:
+    CLANG_FORMAT_BIN = shutil.which("clang-format")
+
 COLUMN_LIMIT = 80
 for line in fmt.split("\n"):
     line = line.split(":")
@@ -68,26 +84,47 @@ def custom_format(filename):
     in_define = False
     last_line = None
     out = ""
-    
+
     for line in src.split("\n"):
-        if line.startswith("#"):
-            if line.startswith("#define"):
+        if line.lstrip().startswith("#"):
+            if line[line.find("#") + 1:].lstrip().startswith("define"):
                 in_define = True
-        
-        if "/*" in line and not line.strip().startswith("/*") and line.endswith("*/") and len(line) < (COLUMN_LIMIT-2):
+
+        if (
+                "/*" in line
+                and not line.strip().startswith("/*")
+                and line.endswith("*/")
+                and len(line) < (COLUMN_LIMIT - 2)
+        ):
             cmt_start = line.rfind("/*")
-            line = line[:cmt_start] + " " * (COLUMN_LIMIT-2 - len(line)) + line[cmt_start:]
+            line = (
+                    line[:cmt_start]
+                    + " " * (COLUMN_LIMIT - 2 - len(line))
+                    + line[cmt_start:]
+            )
 
         define_padding = 0
         if last_line is not None and in_define and last_line.endswith("\\"):
             last_line = last_line[:-1]
-            define_padding = max(0, len(last_line[last_line.rfind("\n")+1:]))
+            define_padding = max(0, len(last_line[last_line.rfind("\n") + 1:]))
 
-        if last_line is not None and last_line.strip().endswith("{") and line.strip() != "":
+        if (
+                last_line is not None
+                and last_line.strip().endswith("{")
+                and line.strip() != ""
+        ):
             line = (" " * define_padding + "\\" if in_define else "") + "\n" + line
-        elif last_line is not None and last_line.strip().startswith("}") and line.strip() != "":
+        elif (
+                last_line is not None
+                and last_line.strip().startswith("}")
+                and line.strip() != ""
+        ):
             line = (" " * define_padding + "\\" if in_define else "") + "\n" + line
-        elif line.strip().startswith("}") and last_line is not None and last_line.strip() != "":
+        elif (
+                line.strip().startswith("}")
+                and last_line is not None
+                and last_line.strip() != ""
+        ):
             line = (" " * define_padding + "\\" if in_define else "") + "\n" + line
 
         if not line.endswith("\\"):
@@ -96,14 +133,15 @@ def custom_format(filename):
         out += line + "\n"
         last_line = line
 
-    return (out)
+    return out
+
 
 args = sys.argv[1:]
 if len(args) == 0:
-    print ("Usage: ./format.py [-i] <filename>")
-    print ()
-    print (" The -i option, if specified, let the script to modify in-place")
-    print (" the source files. By default the results are written to stdout.")
+    print("Usage: ./format.py [-i] <filename>")
+    print()
+    print(" The -i option, if specified, let the script to modify in-place")
+    print(" the source files. By default the results are written to stdout.")
     print()
     exit(1)
 
@@ -119,4 +157,3 @@ for filename in args:
             f.write(code)
     else:
         print(code)
-

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+!/coresight_mode
+*.dSYM
+*.o
+*.pyc
+*.so
+.sync_tmp
+.test
+.test2
+.git
+.dockerignore
+.github
+CITATION.cff
+CONTRIBUTING.md
+Changelog.md
+Dockerfile
+LICENSE
+TODO.md
+afl-analyze
+afl-analyze.8
+afl-as
+afl-as.8
+afl-clang
+afl-clang-fast
+afl-clang-fast.8
+afl-clang-fast\+\+
+afl-clang-fast\+\+.8
+afl-clang-lto
+afl-clang-lto.8
+afl-clang-lto\+\+
+afl-clang-lto\+\+.8
+afl-clang\+\+
+afl-cmin.8
+afl-cmin.bash.8
+afl-fuzz
+afl-fuzz.8
+afl-g\+\+
+afl-g\+\+-fast
+afl-g\+\+-fast.8
+afl-gcc
+afl-gcc-fast
+afl-gcc-fast.8
+afl-gcc.8
+afl-gotcpu
+afl-gotcpu.8
+afl-ld
+afl-ld-lto
+afl-plot.8
+afl-qemu-trace
+afl-showmap
+afl-showmap.8
+afl-system-config.8
+afl-tmin
+afl-tmin.8
+afl-whatsup.8
+as
+core*
+examples/afl_frida/afl-frida
+examples/afl_frida/frida-gum-example.c
+examples/afl_frida/frida-gum.h
+examples/afl_frida/libtestinstr.so
+examples/afl_network_proxy/afl-network-client
+examples/afl_network_proxy/afl-network-server
+in
+ld
+out
+qemu_mode/libcompcov/compcovtest
+qemu_mode/qemu-*
+test/unittests/unit_hash
+test/unittests/unit_list
+test/unittests/unit_maybe_alloc
+test/unittests/unit_preallocable
+test/unittests/unit_rand
+unicorn_mode/samples/*/\.test-*
+unicorn_mode/samples/*/output
+unicorn_mode/unicornafl

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# These are supported funding model platforms
+
+# Replace with up to 4 GitHub Sponsors-enabled usernames e.g., [user1, user2]
+github: AFLplusplus
+patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username
+open_collective: AFLplusplusEU
+ko_fi: # Replace with a single Ko-fi username
+tidelift: # Replace with a single Tidelift platform-name/package-name e.g., npm/babel
+community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
+liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username
+issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username
+otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username
+custom: # Replace with up to 4 custom sponsorship URLs e.g., ['link1', 'link2']

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: ''
+labels: ''
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**IMPORTANT**
+1. You have verified that the issue to be present in the current `dev` branch.
+2. Please supply the command line options and relevant environment variables,
+   e.g., a copy-paste of the contents of `out/default/fuzzer_setup`.
+
+Thank you for making AFL++ better!
+
+**Describe the bug**
+A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
+
+**To Reproduce**
+Steps to reproduce the behavior:
+1. ...
+2. ...
+
+**Expected behavior**
+A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
+
+**Screen output/Screenshots**
+If applicable, add copy-paste of the screen output or screenshot that shows the issue. Please ensure the output is in **English** and not in Chinese, Russian, German, etc.
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context about the problem here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for this project
+title: ''
+labels: ''
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
+A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]
+
+**Describe the solution you'd like**
+A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+
+**Describe alternatives you've considered**
+A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - stable
+      - dev
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - dev # No need for stable-pull-request, as that equals dev-push
+
+jobs:
+  linux:
+    runs-on: "${{ matrix.os }}"
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-20.04]
+    env:
+      AFL_SKIP_CPUFREQ: 1
+      AFL_I_DONT_CARE_ABOUT_MISSING_CRASHES: 1
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: update
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
+      - name: debug
+        run: apt-cache search plugin-dev | grep gcc-; echo; apt-cache search clang-format- | grep clang-format-
+      - name: install packages
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y -m -f build-essential gcc-10 g++-10 git libtool libtool-bin automake flex bison libglib2.0-0 clang-12 llvm-12-dev libc++-dev findutils libcmocka-dev python3-dev python3-setuptools ninja-build python3-pip gcc-10-plugin-dev
+      - name: compiler installed
+        run: gcc -v; echo; clang -v
+      - name: install gcc plugin
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y -m -f --install-suggests $(readlink /usr/bin/gcc)-plugin-dev
+      - name: build afl++
+        run: export NO_NYX=1; export ASAN_BUILD=1; export LLVM_CONFIG=llvm-config-12; make ASAN_BUILD=1 NO_NYX=1 LLVM_CONFIG=llvm-config-12 distrib
+      - name: run tests
+        run: sudo -E ./afl-system-config; make tests
+ # macos:
+ #   runs-on: macOS-latest
+ #   env:
+ #     AFL_MAP_SIZE: 65536
+ #     AFL_SKIP_CPUFREQ: 1
+ #     AFL_I_DONT_CARE_ABOUT_MISSING_CRASHES: 1
+ #   steps:
+ #     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+ #     - name: install
+ #       run: brew install make gcc llvm
+ #     - name: fix install
+ #       run: cd /usr/local/bin; ln -s gcc-11 gcc; ln -s g++-11 g++; which gcc; gcc -v
+ #     - name: build
+ #       run: export PATH=/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/*/":$PATH"; export CC=/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/*/bin/clang; export CXX="$CC"++; export LLVM_CONFIG=/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/*/bin/llvm-config; sudo -E ./afl-system-config; gmake ASAN_BUILD=1
+ #     - name: frida
+ #       run: export CC=/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/*/bin/clang; export CXX="$CC"++; cd frida_mode; gmake
+ #     - name: run tests
+ #       run: sudo -E ./afl-system-config; export CC=/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/*/bin/clang; export CXX="$CC"++; export PATH=/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/*/":/usr/local/bin:$PATH"; export LLVM_CONFIG=/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/*/bin/llvm-config; gmake tests
+ #     - name: force frida test for MacOS
+ #       run: export AFL_PATH=`pwd`; /usr/local/bin/gcc -o test-instr test-instr.c; mkdir in; echo > in/in; AFL_NO_UI=1 ./afl-fuzz -O -i in -o out -V 5 -- ./test-instr

.github/workflows/code-format.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+name: Formatting
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - stable
+      - dev
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - dev # No need for stable-pull-request, as that equals dev-push
+
+jobs:
+  code-format-check:
+    name: Check code format
+    if: ${{ 'false' == 'true' }} # Disable the job
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    container: docker.io/aflplusplus/aflplusplus:dev
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Format
+        run: |
+          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus
+          apt-get update
+          apt-get install -y clang-format-${LLVM_VERSION}
+          make code-format
+      - name: Check if code needed formatting
+        run: |
+          git --no-pager -c color.ui=always diff HEAD
+          if ! git diff HEAD --quiet; then
+            echo "[!] Please run 'make code-format' and push its changes."
+            exit 1
+          fi

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - stable
+      - dev
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - dev # No need for stable-pull-request, as that equals dev-push
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: # We use a previous image as it's expected to have all the dependencies
+      image: docker.io/aflplusplus/aflplusplus:dev
+    steps:
+      - name: Fix for using external repo in container build # https://github.com/actions/checkout/issues/760
+        run: git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+        with:
+          languages: cpp, python
+      - name: Build AFLplusplus # Rebuild because CodeQL needs to monitor the build process
+        env:
+          CC: gcc # These are symlinked to the version used in the container build
+          CXX: g++
+        run: make -i all # Best effort using -i
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2

.github/workflows/container.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+name: Container
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - stable
+      - dev
+    tags:
+      - "*"
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - dev # No need for stable-pull-request, as that equals dev-push
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-test-amd64:
+    name: Test amd64 image
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+      - name: Build amd64
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+        with:
+          context: .
+          tags: aflplusplus:test-amd64
+          load: true
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+          build-args: |
+            TEST_BUILD=1
+      - name: Test amd64
+        run: >
+          docker run --rm aflplusplus:test-amd64 bash -c "
+          apt-get update && 
+          apt-get install -y libcmocka-dev && 
+          make -i tests
+          "
+
+  push:
+    name: Push amd64 and arm64 images
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - build-and-test-amd64
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.repository == 'AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        with:
+          platforms: arm64
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+      - name: Login to docker.io
+        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Set tags to push
+        id: push-tags
+        run: |
+          PUSH_TAGS=docker.io/aflplusplus/aflplusplus:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}
+          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" = "stable" ]; then
+            PUSH_TAGS=${PUSH_TAGS},docker.io/aflplusplus/aflplusplus:latest
+          fi
+          export PUSH_TAGS
+          echo "::set-output name=PUSH_TAGS::${PUSH_TAGS}"
+      - name: Push to docker.io registry
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          push: true
+          tags: ${{ steps.push-tags.outputs.PUSH_TAGS }}
+          cache-from: type=gha

.github/workflows/rust_custom_mutator.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+name: Rust Custom Mutators
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - stable
+      - dev
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - dev # No need for stable-pull-request, as that equals dev-push
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: Test Rust Custom Mutator Support
+    runs-on: '${{ matrix.os }}'
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: custom_mutators/rust
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-20.04]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Install Rust Toolchain
+        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+      - name: Check Code Compiles
+        run: cargo check
+      - name: Run General Tests
+        run: cargo test
+      - name: Run Tests for afl_internals feature flag
+        run: cd custom_mutator && cargo test --features=afl_internals

.gitignore

@@ -1,51 +1,113 @@
+!coresight_mode
+!coresight_mode/coresight-trace
+*.dSYM
+*.o
+*.o.tmp
+*.pyc
+*.so
+*.swp
+.sync_tmp
 .test
 .test2
-*.o
-*.so
+.vscode
+afl-addseeds.8
 afl-analyze
+afl-analyze.8
 afl-as
+afl-as.8
+afl-c++
+afl-c++.8
+afl-cc
+afl-cc.8
 afl-clang
 afl-clang++
 afl-clang-fast
 afl-clang-fast++
-afl-clang-lto
-afl-clang-lto++
-afl-fuzz
-afl-g++
-afl-gcc
-afl-gcc-fast
-afl-g++-fast
-afl-gotcpu
-afl-ld
-afl-qemu-trace
-afl-showmap
-afl-tmin
-afl-analyze.8
-afl-as.8
 afl-clang-fast++.8
 afl-clang-fast.8
-afl-clang-lto.8
+afl-clang-lto
+afl-clang-lto++
 afl-clang-lto++.8
+afl-clang-lto.8
 afl-cmin.8
 afl-cmin.bash.8
+afl-cs-proxy
+afl-frida-trace.so
+afl-fuzz
 afl-fuzz.8
+afl-g++
+afl-g++.8
+afl-gcc
 afl-gcc.8
+afl-gcc-fast
 afl-gcc-fast.8
+afl-g++-fast
 afl-g++-fast.8
+afl-gotcpu
 afl-gotcpu.8
+afl-ld
+afl-ld-lto
+afl-lto
+afl-lto++
+afl-lto++.8
+afl-lto.8
+afl-persistent-config.8
 afl-plot.8
+afl-qemu-trace
+afl-showmap
 afl-showmap.8
 afl-system-config.8
+afl-tmin
 afl-tmin.8
 afl-whatsup.8
-qemu_mode/libcompcov/compcovtest
+a.out
 as
+compile_commands.json
+core*
+examples/afl_frida/afl-frida
+examples/afl_frida/frida-gum-example.c
+examples/afl_frida/frida-gum.h
+examples/afl_frida/libtestinstr.so
+examples/afl_network_proxy/afl-network-client
+examples/afl_network_proxy/afl-network-server
+examples/aflpp_driver/libAFLDriver.a
+examples/aflpp_driver/libAFLQemuDriver.a
+gmon.out
+in
 ld
+libAFLDriver.a
+libAFLQemuDriver.a
+out
+qemu_mode/libcompcov/compcovtest
 qemu_mode/qemu-*
-unicorn_mode/unicornafl/
-unicorn_mode/samples/*/\.test-*
-unicorn_mode/samples/*/output/
-core\.*
+qemu_mode/qemuafl
+test/.afl_performance
+test-instr
+test/output
+test/test-c
+test/test-cmplog
+test/test-compcov
+test/test-instr.ts
+test/test-persistent
+test/unittests/unit_hash
+test/unittests/unit_list
 test/unittests/unit_maybe_alloc
 test/unittests/unit_preallocable
-test/unittests/unit_list
+test/unittests/unit_rand
+unicorn_mode/samples/*/output/
+unicorn_mode/samples/*/\.test-*
+utils/afl_network_proxy/afl-network-client
+utils/afl_network_proxy/afl-network-server
+utils/afl_proxy/afl-proxy
+utils/bench/hash
+utils/optimin/build
+utils/optimin/optimin
+utils/persistent_mode/persistent_demo
+utils/persistent_mode/persistent_demo_new
+utils/persistent_mode/persistent_demo_new_compat
+utils/persistent_mode/test-instr
+utils/replay_record/persistent_demo_replay
+utils/replay_record/persistent_demo_replay_compat
+utils/replay_record/persistent_demo_replay_argparse
+utils/plot_ui/afl-plot-ui
+vuln_prog

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[submodule "unicorn_mode/unicornafl"]
+	path = unicorn_mode/unicornafl
+	url = https://github.com/AFLplusplus/unicornafl
+[submodule "custom_mutators/grammar_mutator"]
+	path = custom_mutators/grammar_mutator/grammar_mutator
+	url = https://github.com/AFLplusplus/Grammar-Mutator
+[submodule "qemu_mode/qemuafl"]
+	path = qemu_mode/qemuafl
+	url = https://github.com/AFLplusplus/qemuafl
+[submodule "custom_mutators/gramatron/json-c"]
+	path = custom_mutators/gramatron/json-c
+	url = https://github.com/json-c/json-c
+[submodule "coresight_mode/patchelf"]
+	path = coresight_mode/patchelf
+	url = https://github.com/NixOS/patchelf.git
+[submodule "coresight_mode/coresight-trace"]
+	path = coresight_mode/coresight-trace
+	url = https://github.com/RICSecLab/coresight-trace.git
+[submodule "nyx_mode/libnyx"]
+	path = nyx_mode/libnyx
+	url = https://github.com/nyx-fuzz/libnyx.git
+[submodule "nyx_mode/packer"]
+	path = nyx_mode/packer
+	url = https://github.com/nyx-fuzz/packer.git
+[submodule "nyx_mode/QEMU-Nyx"]
+	path = nyx_mode/QEMU-Nyx
+	url = https://github.com/nyx-fuzz/QEMU-Nyx

.travis.yml

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-language: c
-
-sudo: required
-
-branches:
-  only:
-    - master
-    - dev
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-  - os: linux
-    dist: bionic
-    env: NAME="bionic-amd64" MODERN="yes" GCC="7"
-  - os: linux
-    dist: xenial
-    env: NAME="xenial-amd64" MODERN="no" GCC="5" EXTRA="libtool-bin clang-6.0"
-  - os: linux
-    dist: trusty
-    env: NAME="trusty-amd64" MODERN="no" GCC="4.8"
-#  - os: linux # until travis can fix this!
-#    dist: xenial
-#    arch: arm64
-#    env: NAME="xenial-arm64" MODERN="no" GCC="5" EXTRA="libtool-bin clang-6.0" AFL_NO_X86="1" CPU_TARGET="aarch64"
-#  - os: osx
-#    osx_image: xcode11.2
-#    env: NAME="osx" HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS="1" LINK="http://releases.llvm.org/9.0.0/" NAME="clang+llvm-9.0.0-x86_64-darwin-apple"
-
-jobs:
-  allow_failures:
-    - os: osx
-    - arch: arm64
-
-env:
-  - AFL_I_DONT_CARE_ABOUT_MISSING_CRASHES=1 AFL_NO_UI=1 AFL_STOP_MANUALLY=1
- # - AFL_I_DONT_CARE_ABOUT_MISSING_CRASHES=1 AFL_NO_UI=1 AFL_EXIT_WHEN_DONE=1
- # TODO: test AFL_BENCH_UNTIL_CRASH once we have a target that crashes
- # - AFL_I_DONT_CARE_ABOUT_MISSING_CRASHES=1 AFL_NO_UI=1 AFL_BENCH_JUST_ONE=1
-
-before_install:
-  # export LLVM_DIR=${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}/${LLVM_PACKAGE}
-  - echo Testing on $NAME
-  - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then wget "$LINK""$NAME".tar.xz ; export LLVM_CONFIG=`pwd`/"$NAME" ; tar xJf "$NAME".tar.xz ; fi
-  - if [ "$MODERN" = "yes" ]; then sudo apt update ; sudo apt upgrade ; sudo apt install -y libtool libtool-bin automake bison libglib2.0 build-essential clang gcc-"$GCC" gcc-"$GCC"-plugin-dev libc++-"$GCC"-dev findutils libcmocka-dev ; fi
-  - if [ "$MODERN" = "no" ]; then sudo apt update ; sudo apt install -y libtool $EXTRA libpixman-1-dev automake bison libglib2.0 build-essential gcc-"$GCC" gcc-"$GCC"-plugin-dev libc++-dev findutils libcmocka-dev ; fi
-
-script:
-  - gcc -v
-  - clang -v
-  - sudo -E ./afl-system-config
-  - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then export LLVM_CONFIG=`pwd`/"$NAME" ; make source-only ASAN_BUILD=1 ; fi
-  - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "linux" -a "$TRAVIS_CPU_ARCH" = "amd64" ]; then make distrib ASAN_BUILD=1 ; fi
-  - if [ "$TRAVIS_CPU_ARCH" = "arm64" ] ; then echo DEBUG ; find / -name llvm-config.h 2>/dev/null; apt-cache search clang | grep clang- ; apt-cache search llvm | grep llvm- ; dpkg -l | egrep 'clang|llvm'; echo DEBUG ; export LLVM_CONFIG=llvm-config-6.0 ; make ASAN_BUILD=1 ; cd qemu_mode && sh ./build_qemu_support.sh ; cd .. ; fi
-  - make tests
-#  - travis_terminate 0

Android.bp

@@ -1,7 +1,21 @@
+//
+// NOTE: This file is outdated. None of the AFL++ team uses Android hence
+//       we need users to keep this updated.
+//       In the current state it will likely fail, please send fixes!
+//       Also, this should build frida_mode.
+//
+
+
 cc_defaults {
   name: "afl-defaults",
 
+  local_include_dirs: [
+    "include",
+    "instrumentation",
+  ],
+
   cflags: [
+    "-flto=full",
     "-funroll-loops",
     "-Wno-pointer-sign",
     "-Wno-pointer-arith",
@@ -10,24 +24,62 @@ cc_defaults {
     "-Wno-unused-function",
     "-Wno-format",
     "-Wno-user-defined-warnings",
-    "-DUSE_TRACE_PC=1",
+    "-DAFL_LLVM_USE_TRACE_PC=1",
     "-DBIN_PATH=\"out/host/linux-x86/bin\"",
     "-DDOC_PATH=\"out/host/linux-x86/shared/doc/afl\"",
     "-D__USE_GNU",
+    "-DDEBUG_BUILD",
+    "-U_FORTIFY_SOURCE",
+    "-ggdb3",
+    "-g",
+    "-O0",
+    "-fno-omit-frame-pointer",
+    "-fPIC",
   ],
+
+  target: {
+    android_arm64: {
+      cflags: [
+        "-D__ANDROID__",
+      ],
+    },
+    android_arm: {
+      cflags: [
+        "-D__ANDROID__",
+      ],
+    },
+    android_x86_64: {
+      cflags: [
+        "-D__ANDROID__",
+      ],
+    },
+    android_x86: {
+      cflags: [
+        "-D__ANDROID__",
+      ],
+    },
+  },
 }
 
 cc_binary {
   name: "afl-fuzz",
-  static_executable: true,
+  sanitize: {
+    never: true,
+  },
   host_supported: true,
+  compile_multilib: "64",
 
   defaults: [
     "afl-defaults",
   ],
 
   srcs: [
-    "afl-fuzz.c",
+    "src/afl-fuzz*.c",
+    "src/afl-common.c",
+    "src/afl-forkserver.c",
+    "src/afl-sharedmem.c",
+    "src/afl-forkserver.c",
+    "src/afl-performance.c",
   ],
 }
 
@@ -41,7 +93,11 @@ cc_binary {
   ],
 
   srcs: [
-    "afl-showmap.c",
+    "src/afl-showmap.c",
+    "src/afl-common.c",
+    "src/afl-sharedmem.c",
+    "src/afl-forkserver.c",
+    "src/afl-performance.c",
   ],
 }
 
@@ -55,7 +111,11 @@ cc_binary {
   ],
 
   srcs: [
-    "afl-tmin.c",
+    "src/afl-tmin.c",
+    "src/afl-common.c",
+    "src/afl-sharedmem.c",
+    "src/afl-forkserver.c",
+    "src/afl-performance.c",
   ],
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +129,10 @@ cc_binary {
   ],
 
   srcs: [
-    "afl-analyze.c",
+    "src/afl-analyze.c",
+    "src/afl-common.c",
+    "src/afl-sharedmem.c",
+    "src/afl-performance.c",
   ],
 }
 
@@ -83,12 +146,13 @@ cc_binary {
   ],
 
   srcs: [
-    "afl-gotcpu.c",
+    "src/afl-gotcpu.c",
+    "src/afl-common.c",
   ],
 }
 
 cc_binary_host {
-  name: "afl-clang-fast",
+  name: "afl-cc",
   static_executable: true,
 
   defaults: [
@@ -96,46 +160,260 @@ cc_binary_host {
   ],
 
   cflags: [
-    "-D__ANDROID__",
     "-DAFL_PATH=\"out/host/linux-x86/lib64\"",
+    "-DAFL_CLANG_FLTO=\"-flto=full\"",
+    "-DUSE_BINDIR=1",
+    "-DLLVM_BINDIR=\"prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-r383902b/bin\"",
+    "-DLLVM_LIBDIR=\"prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-r383902b/lib64\"",
+    "-DCLANGPP_BIN=\"prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-r383902b/bin/clang++\"",
+    "-DAFL_REAL_LD=\"prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-r383902b/bin/ld.lld\"",
+    "-DLLVM_LTO=1",
+    "-DLLVM_MAJOR=11",
+    "-DLLVM_MINOR=2",
   ],
 
   srcs: [
-    "llvm_mode/afl-clang-fast.c",
-  ],
-}
-
-cc_binary_host {
-  name: "afl-clang-fast++",
-  static_executable: true,
-
-  defaults: [
-    "afl-defaults",
+    "src/afl-cc.c",
+    "src/afl-common.c",
   ],
 
-  cflags: [
-    "-D__ANDROID__",
-    "-DAFL_PATH=\"out/host/linux-x86/lib64\"",
-  ],
-
-  srcs: [
-    "llvm_mode/afl-clang-fast.c",
+  symlinks: [
+    "afl-clang-fast",
+    "afl-clang-fast++",
   ],
 }
 
 cc_library_static {
-  name: "afl-llvm-rt",
-  compile_multilib: "both",
+  name: "afl-compiler-rt",
+  compile_multilib: "64",
   vendor_available: true,
   host_supported: true,
   recovery_available: true,
   sdk_version: "9",
 
+  apex_available: [
+    "com.android.adbd",
+    "com.android.appsearch",
+    "com.android.art",
+    "com.android.bluetooth.updatable",
+    "com.android.cellbroadcast",
+    "com.android.conscrypt",
+    "com.android.extservices",
+    "com.android.cronet",
+    "com.android.neuralnetworks",
+    "com.android.media",
+    "com.android.media.swcodec",
+    "com.android.mediaprovider",
+    "com.android.permission",
+    "com.android.runtime",
+    "com.android.resolv",
+    "com.android.tethering",
+    "com.android.wifi",
+    "com.android.sdkext",
+    "com.android.os.statsd",
+    "//any",
+  ],
+
   defaults: [
     "afl-defaults",
   ],
 
   srcs: [
-    "llvm_mode/afl-llvm-rt.o.c",
+    "instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c",
   ],
 }
+
+cc_library_headers {
+  name: "libafl_headers",
+  vendor_available: true,
+  host_supported: true,
+
+  export_include_dirs: [
+    "include",
+    "instrumentation",
+  ],
+}
+
+/*
+cc_prebuilt_library_static {
+  name: "libfrida-gum",
+  compile_multilib: "64",
+  strip: {
+    none: true,
+  },
+
+  srcs: [
+    "utils/afl_frida/android/libfrida-gum.a",
+  ],
+
+  export_include_dirs: [
+    "utils/afl_frida/android",
+  ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+  name: "libtestinstr",
+
+  srcs: [
+    "utils/afl_frida/libtestinstr.c",
+  ],
+
+  cflags: [
+    "-O0",
+    "-fPIC",
+  ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+  name: "afl-frida",
+  compile_multilib: "64",
+
+  defaults: [
+    "afl-defaults",
+  ],
+
+  cflags: [
+    "-g",
+    "-O0",
+    "-Wno-format",
+    "-Wno-pointer-sign",
+    "-fpermissive",
+    "-fPIC",
+  ],
+
+  static_libs: [
+    "afl-compiler-rt",
+    "libfrida-gum",
+  ],
+
+  shared_libs: [
+    "libdl",
+    "liblog",
+  ],
+
+  srcs: [
+    "utils/afl_frida/afl-frida.c",
+  ],
+
+  local_include_dirs: [
+    "utils/afl_frida",
+    "utils/afl_frida/android",
+  ],
+}
+*/
+
+cc_binary {
+  name: "afl-fuzz-32",
+  sanitize: {
+    never: true,
+  },
+  host_supported: true,
+  compile_multilib: "32",
+
+  defaults: [
+    "afl-defaults",
+  ],
+
+  srcs: [
+    "src/afl-fuzz*.c",
+    "src/afl-common.c",
+    "src/afl-sharedmem.c",
+    "src/afl-forkserver.c",
+    "src/afl-performance.c",
+  ],
+}
+
+cc_binary_host {
+  name: "afl-cc-32",
+  compile_multilib: "32",
+  static_executable: true,
+
+  defaults: [
+    "afl-defaults",
+  ],
+
+  cflags: [
+    "-DAFL_PATH=\"out/host/linux-x86/lib64\"",
+    "-DAFL_CLANG_FLTO=\"-flto=full\"",
+    "-DUSE_BINDIR=1",
+    "-DLLVM_BINDIR=\"prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-r383902b/bin\"",
+    "-DLLVM_LIBDIR=\"prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-r383902b/lib64\"",
+    "-DCLANGPP_BIN=\"prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-r383902b/bin/clang++\"",
+    "-DAFL_REAL_LD=\"prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86/clang-r383902b/bin/ld.lld\"",
+    "-DLLVM_LTO=1",
+    "-DLLVM_MAJOR=11",
+    "-DLLVM_MINOR=2",
+  ],
+
+  srcs: [
+    "src/afl-cc.c",
+    "src/afl-common.c",
+  ],
+
+  symlinks: [
+    "afl-clang-fast-32",
+    "afl-clang-fast++-32",
+  ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+  name: "afl-compiler-rt-32",
+  compile_multilib: "32",
+  vendor_available: true,
+  host_supported: true,
+  recovery_available: true,
+  sdk_version: "9",
+
+  apex_available: [
+    "com.android.adbd",
+    "com.android.appsearch",
+    "com.android.art",
+    "com.android.bluetooth.updatable",
+    "com.android.cellbroadcast",
+    "com.android.conscrypt",
+    "com.android.extservices",
+    "com.android.cronet",
+    "com.android.neuralnetworks",
+    "com.android.media",
+    "com.android.media.swcodec",
+    "com.android.mediaprovider",
+    "com.android.permission",
+    "com.android.runtime",
+    "com.android.resolv",
+    "com.android.tethering",
+    "com.android.wifi",
+    "com.android.sdkext",
+    "com.android.os.statsd",
+    "//any",
+  ],
+
+  defaults: [
+    "afl-defaults",
+  ],
+
+  srcs: [
+    "instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c",
+  ],
+}
+
+/*
+cc_prebuilt_library_static {
+  name: "libfrida-gum-32",
+  compile_multilib: "32",
+  strip: {
+    none: true,
+  },
+
+  srcs: [
+    "utils/afl_frida/android/arm/libfrida-gum.a",
+  ],
+
+  export_include_dirs: [
+    "utils/afl_frida/android/arm",
+  ],
+}
+*/
+
+subdirs = [
+  "custom_mutators",
+]

Android.mk

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Makefile

CITATION.cff

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+cff-version: 1.2.0
+message: "If you use this software, please cite it as below."
+authors:
+  - given-names: Marc
+    family-names: Heuse
+    email: mh@mh-sec.de
+  - given-names: Heiko
+    family-names: Eißfeldt
+    email: heiko.eissfeldt@hexco.de
+  - given-names: Andrea
+    family-names: Fioraldi
+    email: andreafioraldi@gmail.com
+  - given-names: Dominik
+    family-names: Maier
+    email: mail@dmnk.co
+title: "AFL++"
+version: 4.00c
+type: software
+date-released: 2022-01-26
+url: "https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus"
+keywords:
+  - fuzzing
+  - fuzzer
+  - fuzz-testing
+  - instrumentation
+  - afl-fuzz
+  - qemu
+  - llvm
+  - unicorn-emulator
+  - security
+license: AGPL-3.0-or-later

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-# How to submit a Pull Request to AFLplusplus
+# Contributing to AFL++
+
+## How to submit a pull request
+
+All contributions (pull requests) must be made against our `dev` branch.
 
 Each modified source file, before merging, must be formatted.
 
@@ -13,10 +17,43 @@ project, or added a file in a directory we already format, otherwise run:
 ./.custom-format.py -i file-that-you-have-created.c
 ```
 
-Regarding the coding style, please follow the AFL style.
-No camel case at all and use the AFL's macros wherever possible 
-(e.g. WARNF, FATAL, MAP_SIZE, ...).
+Regarding the coding style, please follow the AFL style. No camel case at all
+and use AFL's macros wherever possible (e.g., WARNF, FATAL, MAP_SIZE, ...).
 
-Remember that AFLplusplus has to build and run on many platforms, so
-generalize your Makefiles (or your patches to our pre-existing Makefiles)
-to be as much generic as possible.
+Remember that AFL++ has to build and run on many platforms, so generalize your
+Makefiles/GNUmakefile (or your patches to our pre-existing Makefiles) to be as
+generic as possible.
+
+## How to contribute to the docs
+
+We welcome contributions to our docs.
+
+Before creating a new file, please check if your content matches an existing
+file in one the following folders:
+
+* [docs/](docs/) (this is where you can find most of our docs content)
+* [frida_mode/](frida_mode/)
+* [instrumentation/](instrumentation/)
+* [qemu_mode/](qemu_mode/)
+* [unicorn_mode/](unicorn_mode/)
+
+When working on the docs, please keep the following guidelines in mind:
+
+* Edit or create Markdown files and use Markdown markup.
+  * Do: fuzzing_gui_program.md
+  * Don't: fuzzing_gui_program.txt
+* Use underscore in file names.
+  * Do: fuzzing_network_service.md
+  * Don't: fuzzing-network-service.md
+* Use a maximum of 80 characters per line to make reading in a console easier.
+* Make all pull requests against `dev`, see
+  [#how-to-submit-a-pull-request-to-afl](#how-to-submit-a-pull-request-to-afl).
+
+And finally, here are some best practices for writing docs content:
+
+* Use clear and simple language.
+* Structure your content with headings and paragraphs.
+* Use bulleted lists to present similar content in a way that makes it easy to
+  scan.
+* Use numbered lists for procedures or prioritizing.
+* Link to related content, for example, prerequisites or in-depth discussions.

Dockerfile

@@ -1,37 +1,97 @@
-FROM ubuntu:eoan
-MAINTAINER David Carlier <devnexen@gmail.com>
-LABEL "about"="AFLplusplus docker image"
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y install \
-    --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends \
-    automake \
-    bison \
-    build-essential \
-    clang \
-    clang-9 \
-    flex \
-    git \
-    python3.7 \
-    python3.7-dev \
-    gcc-9 \
-    gcc-9-plugin-dev \
-    gcc-9-multilib \
-    libc++-9-dev \
-    libtool \
-    libtool-bin \
-    libglib2.0-dev \
-    llvm-9-dev \
-    python-setuptools \
-    python2.7-dev \
-    wget \
-    ca-certificates \
-    libpixman-1-dev \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+#
+# This Dockerfile for AFLplusplus uses Ubuntu 22.04 jammy and
+# installs LLVM 14 for afl-clang-lto support.
+#
+# GCC 11 is used instead of 12 because genhtml for afl-cov doesn't like it.
+#
 
-ARG CC=gcc-9
-ARG CXX=g++-9
-ARG LLVM_CONFIG=llvm-config-9
+FROM ubuntu:22.04 AS aflplusplus
+LABEL "maintainer"="AFL++ team <afl@aflplus.plus>"
+LABEL "about"="AFLplusplus container image"
 
-RUN git clone https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus
+### Comment out to enable these features
+# Only available on specific ARM64 boards
+ENV NO_CORESIGHT=1
+# Possible but unlikely in a docker container
+ENV NO_NYX=1
 
-RUN cd AFLplusplus && make clean && make distrib && \
-    make install && cd .. && rm -rf AFLplusplus
+### Only change these if you know what you are doing:
+# Current recommended LLVM version is 16
+ENV LLVM_VERSION=16
+# GCC 12 is producing compile errors for some targets so we stay at GCC 11
+ENV GCC_VERSION=11
+
+### No changes beyond the point unless you know what you are doing :)
+
+ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+ENV NO_ARCH_OPT=1
+ENV IS_DOCKER=1
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get full-upgrade -y && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends wget ca-certificates apt-utils && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+RUN echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key] http://apt.llvm.org/jammy/ llvm-toolchain-jammy-${LLVM_VERSION} main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list && \
+    wget -qO /etc/apt/keyrings/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends \
+    make cmake automake meson ninja-build bison flex \
+    git xz-utils bzip2 wget jupp nano bash-completion less vim joe ssh psmisc \
+    python3 python3-dev python3-pip python-is-python3 \
+    libtool libtool-bin libglib2.0-dev \
+    apt-transport-https gnupg dialog \
+    gnuplot-nox libpixman-1-dev bc \
+    gcc-${GCC_VERSION} g++-${GCC_VERSION} gcc-${GCC_VERSION}-plugin-dev gdb lcov \
+    clang-${LLVM_VERSION} clang-tools-${LLVM_VERSION} libc++1-${LLVM_VERSION} \
+    libc++-${LLVM_VERSION}-dev libc++abi1-${LLVM_VERSION} libc++abi-${LLVM_VERSION}-dev \
+    libclang1-${LLVM_VERSION} libclang-${LLVM_VERSION}-dev \
+    libclang-common-${LLVM_VERSION}-dev libclang-rt-${LLVM_VERSION}-dev libclang-cpp${LLVM_VERSION} \
+    libclang-cpp${LLVM_VERSION}-dev liblld-${LLVM_VERSION} \
+    liblld-${LLVM_VERSION}-dev liblldb-${LLVM_VERSION} liblldb-${LLVM_VERSION}-dev \
+    libllvm${LLVM_VERSION} libomp-${LLVM_VERSION}-dev libomp5-${LLVM_VERSION} \
+    lld-${LLVM_VERSION} lldb-${LLVM_VERSION} llvm-${LLVM_VERSION} \
+    llvm-${LLVM_VERSION}-dev llvm-${LLVM_VERSION}-runtime llvm-${LLVM_VERSION}-tools \
+    $([ "$(dpkg --print-architecture)" = "amd64" ] && echo gcc-${GCC_VERSION}-multilib gcc-multilib) \
+    $([ "$(dpkg --print-architecture)" = "arm64" ] && echo libcapstone-dev) && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+    # gcc-multilib is only used for -m32 support on x86
+    # libcapstone-dev is used for coresight_mode on arm64
+
+RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-${GCC_VERSION} 0 && \
+    update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-${GCC_VERSION} 0 && \
+    update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-${LLVM_VERSION} 0 && \
+    update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-${LLVM_VERSION} 0
+
+RUN wget -qO- https://sh.rustup.rs | CARGO_HOME=/etc/cargo sh -s -- -y -q --no-modify-path
+ENV PATH=$PATH:/etc/cargo/bin
+
+RUN apt clean -y
+
+ENV LLVM_CONFIG=llvm-config-${LLVM_VERSION}
+ENV AFL_SKIP_CPUFREQ=1
+ENV AFL_TRY_AFFINITY=1
+ENV AFL_I_DONT_CARE_ABOUT_MISSING_CRASHES=1
+
+RUN git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/afl-cov && \
+    (cd afl-cov && make install) && rm -rf afl-cov
+
+WORKDIR /AFLplusplus
+COPY . .
+
+ARG CC=gcc-$GCC_VERSION
+ARG CXX=g++-$GCC_VERSION
+
+# Used in CI to prevent a 'make clean' which would remove the binaries to be tested
+ARG TEST_BUILD
+
+RUN sed -i.bak 's/^	-/	/g' GNUmakefile && \
+    make clean && make distrib && \
+    ([ "${TEST_BUILD}" ] || (make install)) && \
+    mv GNUmakefile.bak GNUmakefile
+
+RUN echo "set encoding=utf-8" > /root/.vimrc && \
+    echo ". /etc/bash_completion" >> ~/.bashrc && \
+    echo 'alias joe="joe --wordwrap --joe_state -nobackup"' >> ~/.bashrc && \
+    echo "export PS1='"'[AFL++ \h] \w \$ '"'" >> ~/.bashrc

GNUmakefile.gcc_plugin

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+#
+# american fuzzy lop++ - GCC plugin instrumentation
+# -----------------------------------------------
+#
+# Written by Austin Seipp <aseipp@pobox.com> and
+#            Laszlo Szekeres <lszekeres@google.com> and
+#            Michal Zalewski and
+#            Heiko Eißfeldt  <heiko@hexco.de>
+#
+# GCC integration design is based on the LLVM design, which comes
+# from Laszlo Szekeres.
+#
+# Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2019-2024 AFLplusplus Project. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+#
+#   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#TEST_MMAP=1
+PREFIX      ?= /usr/local
+HELPER_PATH ?= $(PREFIX)/lib/afl
+BIN_PATH    ?= $(PREFIX)/bin
+DOC_PATH    ?= $(PREFIX)/share/doc/afl
+MAN_PATH    ?= $(PREFIX)/share/man/man8
+
+VERSION     = $(shell grep '^$(HASH)define VERSION ' ./config.h | cut -d '"' -f2)
+
+CFLAGS          ?= -O3 -g -funroll-loops
+# -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1
+CFLAGS_SAFE     := -Wall -Iinclude -Wno-pointer-sign \
+                   -DAFL_PATH=\"$(HELPER_PATH)\" -DBIN_PATH=\"$(BIN_PATH)\" \
+                   -DGCC_VERSION=\"$(GCCVER)\" -DGCC_BINDIR=\"$(GCCBINDIR)\" \
+                   -Wno-unused-function
+override CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_SAFE)
+
+CXXFLAGS    ?= -O3 -g -funroll-loops
+# -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1
+CXXEFLAGS   := $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -Wall -std=c++11
+
+CC          ?= gcc
+CXX         ?= g++
+
+SYS = $(shell uname -s)
+
+ifeq "clang" "$(CC)"
+        CC  = gcc
+        CXX = g++
+endif
+
+ifeq "clang++" "$(CXX)"
+        CC  = gcc
+        CXX = g++
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(findstring Foundation,$(shell $(CC) --version))" ""
+        CC  = gcc
+        CXX = g++
+endif
+
+PLUGIN_BASE = "$(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=plugin)"
+PLUGIN_FLAGS = -fPIC -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -I$(PLUGIN_BASE)/include -I$(PLUGIN_BASE)
+HASH=\#
+
+GCCVER    = $(shell $(CC) --version 2>/dev/null | awk 'NR == 1 {print $$NF}')
+GCCBINDIR = $(shell dirname `command -v $(CC)` 2>/dev/null )
+
+ifeq "$(shell echo '$(HASH)include <sys/ipc.h>@$(HASH)include <sys/shm.h>@int main() { int _id = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, 65536, IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | 0600); shmctl(_id, IPC_RMID, 0); return 0;}' | tr @ '\n' | $(CC) -x c - -o .test2 2>/dev/null && echo 1 || echo 0 ; rm -f .test2 )" "1"
+	SHMAT_OK=1
+else
+	SHMAT_OK=0
+	override CFLAGS_SAFE += -DUSEMMAP=1
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(TEST_MMAP)" "1"
+	SHMAT_OK=0
+	override CFLAGS_SAFE += -DUSEMMAP=1
+endif
+
+ifneq "$(SYS)" "Haiku"
+ifneq "$(SYS)" "OpenBSD"
+  	LDFLAGS += -lrt
+endif
+else
+	CFLAGS_SAFE += -DUSEMMAP=1
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(SYS)" "OpenBSD"
+    CC  = egcc
+    CXX = eg++
+    PLUGIN_FLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(SYS)" "DragonFly"
+  	PLUGIN_FLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(SYS)" "SunOS"
+  	PLUGIN_FLAGS += -I/usr/include/gmp
+endif
+
+
+PASSES       = ./afl-gcc-pass.so ./afl-gcc-cmplog-pass.so ./afl-gcc-cmptrs-pass.so
+
+PROGS        = $(PASSES) ./afl-compiler-rt.o ./afl-compiler-rt-32.o ./afl-compiler-rt-64.o
+
+.PHONY: all
+all: test_shm test_deps $(PROGS) test_build all_done
+
+.PHONY: test_shm
+ifeq "$(SHMAT_OK)" "1"
+test_shm:
+	@echo "[+] shmat seems to be working."
+	@rm -f .test2
+else
+test_shm:
+	@echo "[-] shmat seems not to be working, switching to mmap implementation"
+endif
+
+.PHONY: test_deps
+test_deps:
+	@echo "[*] Checking for working '$(CC)'..."
+	@command -v $(CC) >/dev/null 2>&1 || ( echo "[-] Oops, can't find '$(CC)'. Make sure that it's in your \$$PATH (or set \$$CC and \$$CXX)."; exit 1 )
+#	@echo "[*] Checking for gcc for plugin support..."
+#	@$(CC) -v 2>&1 | grep -q -- --enable-plugin || ( echo "[-] Oops, this gcc has not been configured with plugin support."; exit 1 )
+	@echo "[*] Checking for gcc plugin development header files..."
+	@test -d `$(CC) -print-file-name=plugin`/include || ( echo "[-] Oops, can't find gcc header files. Be sure to install 'gcc-X-plugin-dev'."; exit 1 )
+	@echo "[*] Checking for './afl-showmap'..."
+	@test -f ./afl-showmap || ( echo "[-] Oops, can't find './afl-showmap'. Be sure to compile AFL first."; exit 1 )
+	@echo "[+] All set and ready to build."
+
+afl-common.o: ./src/afl-common.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+
+./afl-compiler-rt.o: instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) -O3 -Wno-unused-result -fPIC -c $< -o $@
+
+./afl-compiler-rt-32.o: instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c
+	@printf "[*] Building 32-bit variant of the runtime (-m32)... "
+	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) -O3 -Wno-unused-result -m32 -fPIC -c $< -o $@ 2>/dev/null; if [ "$$?" = "0" ]; then echo "success!"; else echo "failed (that's fine)"; fi
+
+./afl-compiler-rt-64.o: instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c
+	@printf "[*] Building 64-bit variant of the runtime (-m64)... "
+	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) -O3 -Wno-unused-result -m64 -fPIC -c $< -o $@ 2>/dev/null; if [ "$$?" = "0" ]; then echo "success!"; else echo "failed (that's fine)"; fi
+
+$(PASSES): instrumentation/afl-gcc-common.h
+
+./afl-gcc-pass.so: instrumentation/afl-gcc-pass.so.cc | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CXXEFLAGS) $(PLUGIN_FLAGS) -shared $< -o $@
+	ln -sf afl-cc afl-gcc-fast
+	ln -sf afl-cc afl-g++-fast
+	ln -sf afl-cc.8 afl-gcc-fast.8
+	ln -sf afl-cc.8 afl-g++-fast.8
+
+./afl-gcc-cmplog-pass.so: instrumentation/afl-gcc-cmplog-pass.so.cc | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CXXEFLAGS) $(PLUGIN_FLAGS) -shared $< -o $@
+
+./afl-gcc-cmptrs-pass.so: instrumentation/afl-gcc-cmptrs-pass.so.cc | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CXXEFLAGS) $(PLUGIN_FLAGS) -shared $< -o $@
+
+.PHONY: test_build
+test_build: $(PROGS)
+	@echo "[*] Testing the CC wrapper and instrumentation output..."
+	unset AFL_USE_ASAN AFL_USE_MSAN; ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0 AFL_QUIET=1 AFL_INST_RATIO=100 AFL_PATH=. AFL_CC=$(CC) ./afl-gcc-fast $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) ./test-instr.c -o test-instr $(LDFLAGS)
+	ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0 ./afl-showmap -m none -q -o .test-instr0 ./test-instr </dev/null
+	echo 1 | ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0 ./afl-showmap -m none -q -o .test-instr1 ./test-instr
+	@rm -f test-instr
+	@cmp -s .test-instr0 .test-instr1; DR="$$?"; rm -f .test-instr0 .test-instr1; if [ "$$DR" = "0" ]; then echo; echo "Oops, the instrumentation does not seem to be behaving correctly!"; echo; echo "Please post to https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/issues to troubleshoot the issue."; echo; exit 1; fi
+	@echo "[+] All right, the instrumentation seems to be working!"
+
+.PHONY: all_done
+all_done: test_build
+	@echo "[+] All done! You can now use './afl-gcc-fast' to compile programs."
+
+.NOTPARALLEL: clean
+
+%.8: %
+	@echo .TH $* 8 `date "+%Y-%m-%d"` "AFL++" > ./$@
+	@echo .SH NAME >> ./$@
+	@echo .B $* >> ./$@
+	@echo >> ./$@
+	@echo .SH SYNOPSIS >> ./$@
+	@./$* -h 2>&1 | head -n 3 | tail -n 1 | sed 's/^\.\///' >> ./$@
+	@echo >> ./$@
+	@echo .SH OPTIONS >> ./$@
+	@echo .nf >> ./$@
+	@./$* -h 2>&1 | tail -n +4 >> ./$@
+	@echo >> ./$@
+	@echo .SH AUTHOR >> ./$@
+	@echo "AFL++ was written by Michal \"lcamtuf\" Zalewski and is maintained by Marc \"van Hauser\" Heuse <mh@mh-sec.de>, Dominik Maier <domenukk@gmail.com>, Andrea Fioraldi <andreafioraldi@gmail.com> and Heiko \"hexcoder-\" Eissfeldt <heiko.eissfeldt@hexco.de>" >> ./$@
+	@echo  The homepage of AFL++ is: https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus >> ./$@
+	@echo >> ./$@
+	@echo .SH LICENSE >> ./$@
+	@echo Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004 >> ./$@
+	ln -sf afl-cc.8 ./afl-g++-fast.8
+
+.PHONY: install
+install: all
+	ln -sf afl-cc $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-gcc-fast
+	ln -sf afl-c++ $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-g++-fast
+	ln -sf afl-compiler-rt.o $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH)/afl-gcc-rt.o
+	install -m 755 ./afl-gcc-pass.so $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH)
+	install -m 755 ./afl-gcc-cmplog-pass.so $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH)
+	install -m 755 ./afl-gcc-cmptrs-pass.so $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH)
+	install -m 644 -T instrumentation/README.gcc_plugin.md $${DESTDIR}$(DOC_PATH)/README.gcc_plugin.md
+
+.PHONY: clean
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o *.so *~ a.out core core.[1-9][0-9]* test-instr .test-instr0 .test-instr1 .test2
+	rm -f $(PROGS) afl-common.o ./afl-g++-fast ./afl-g*-fast.8 instrumentation/*.o

GNUmakefile.llvm

@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+# american fuzzy lop++ - LLVM instrumentation
+# -----------------------------------------
+#
+# Written by Laszlo Szekeres <lszekeres@google.com> and
+#            Michal Zalewski
+#
+# LLVM integration design comes from Laszlo Szekeres.
+#
+# Copyright 2015, 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+#
+#   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+
+# For Heiko:
+#TEST_MMAP=1
+HASH=\#
+
+PREFIX      ?= /usr/local
+HELPER_PATH ?= $(PREFIX)/lib/afl
+BIN_PATH    ?= $(PREFIX)/bin
+DOC_PATH    ?= $(PREFIX)/share/doc/afl
+MISC_PATH   ?= $(PREFIX)/share/afl
+MAN_PATH    ?= $(PREFIX)/share/man/man8
+
+BUILD_DATE  ?= $(shell date -u -d "@$(SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH)" "+%Y-%m-%d" 2>/dev/null || date -u -r "$(SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH)" "+%Y-%m-%d" 2>/dev/null || date -u "+%Y-%m-%d")
+
+VERSION     = $(shell grep '^$(HASH)define VERSION ' ./config.h | cut -d '"' -f2)
+
+SYS = $(shell uname -s)
+
+ifeq "$(SYS)" "OpenBSD"
+  LLVM_CONFIG ?= $(BIN_PATH)/llvm-config
+  HAS_OPT = $(shell test -x $(BIN_PATH)/opt && echo 0 || echo 1)
+  ifeq "$(HAS_OPT)" "1"
+    $(warning llvm_mode needs a complete llvm installation (versions 6.0 up to 13) -> e.g. "pkg_add llvm-7.0.1p9")
+  endif
+else
+  LLVM_CONFIG ?= llvm-config
+endif
+
+LLVMVER  = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --version 2>/dev/null | sed 's/git//' | sed 's/svn//' )
+LLVM_MAJOR = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --version 2>/dev/null | sed 's/\..*//' )
+LLVM_MINOR = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --version 2>/dev/null | sed 's/.*\.//' | sed 's/git//' | sed 's/svn//' | sed 's/ .*//' | sed 's/rc.*//' )
+LLVM_UNSUPPORTED = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --version 2>/dev/null | grep -E -q '^[0-2]\.|^3.[0-8]\.' && echo 1 || echo 0 )
+LLVM_TOO_NEW = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --version 2>/dev/null | grep -E -q '^19|^2[0-9]' && echo 1 || echo 0 )
+LLVM_TOO_OLD = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --version 2>/dev/null | grep -E -q '^[1-9]\.|^1[012]\.' && echo 1 || echo 0 )
+LLVM_NEW_API = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --version 2>/dev/null | grep -E -q '^1[0-9]' && echo 1 || echo 0 )
+LLVM_NEWER_API = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --version 2>/dev/null | grep -E -q '^1[6-9]' && echo 1 || echo 0 )
+LLVM_13_OK = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --version 2>/dev/null | grep -E -q '^1[3-9]' && echo 1 || echo 0 )
+LLVM_HAVE_LTO = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --version 2>/dev/null | grep -E -q '^1[2-9]' && echo 1 || echo 0 )
+LLVM_BINDIR = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --bindir 2>/dev/null)
+LLVM_LIBDIR = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --libdir 2>/dev/null)
+LLVM_STDCXX = gnu++11
+LLVM_APPLE_XCODE = $(shell $(CC) -v 2>&1 | grep -q Apple && echo 1 || echo 0)
+LLVM_LTO   = 0
+
+ifeq "$(LLVMVER)" ""
+  $(warning [!] llvm_mode needs llvm-config, which was not found. Set LLVM_CONFIG to its path and retry.)
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(LLVM_UNSUPPORTED)" "1"
+  $(error llvm_mode only supports llvm from version 3.8 onwards)
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(LLVM_TOO_NEW)" "1"
+  $(warning you are using an in-development llvm version - this might break llvm_mode!)
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(LLVM_TOO_OLD)" "1"
+  $(warning you are using an outdated LLVM version! Please use at least LLVM 13 or newer!)
+  $(shell sleep 2)
+endif
+
+# No switching the meaning of LLVM_TOO_OLD
+LLVM_TOO_OLD=1
+
+ifeq "$(LLVM_MAJOR)" "9"
+  $(info [+] llvm_mode detected llvm 9, enabling neverZero implementation)
+  LLVM_TOO_OLD=0
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(LLVM_NEW_API)" "1"
+  $(info [+] llvm_mode detected llvm 10+, enabling neverZero implementation and c++14)
+  LLVM_STDCXX = c++14
+  LLVM_TOO_OLD=0
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(LLVM_NEWER_API)" "1"
+  $(info [+] llvm_mode detected llvm 16+, enabling c++17)
+  LLVM_STDCXX = c++17
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(LLVM_HAVE_LTO)" "1"
+  $(info [+] llvm_mode detected llvm 12+, enabling afl-lto LTO implementation)
+  LLVM_LTO = 1
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(LLVM_LTO)" "0"
+  $(info [+] llvm_mode detected llvm < 12, afl-lto LTO will not be build.)
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(LLVM_APPLE_XCODE)" "1"
+  $(warning llvm_mode will not compile with Xcode clang...)
+endif
+
+# We were using llvm-config --bindir to get the location of clang, but
+# this seems to be busted on some distros, so using the one in $PATH is
+# probably better.
+
+CC         = $(LLVM_BINDIR)/clang
+CXX        = $(LLVM_BINDIR)/clang++
+
+# llvm-config --bindir may not providing a valid path, so ...
+ifeq "$(shell test -e $(CC) || echo 1 )" "1"
+  # however we must ensure that this is not a "CC=gcc make"
+  ifeq "$(shell command -v $(CC) 2> /dev/null)" ""
+    # we do not have a valid CC variable so we try alternatives
+    ifeq "$(shell test -e '$(BIN_DIR)/clang' && echo 1)" "1"
+      # we found one in the local install directory, lets use these
+      CC         = $(BIN_DIR)/clang
+    else
+      # hope for the best
+      $(warning we have trouble finding clang - llvm-config is not helping us)
+      CC         = clang
+    endif
+  endif
+endif
+# llvm-config --bindir may not providing a valid path, so ...
+ifeq "$(shell test -e $(CXX) || echo 1 )" "1"
+  # however we must ensure that this is not a "CXX=g++ make"
+  ifeq "$(shell command -v $(CXX) 2> /dev/null)" ""
+    # we do not have a valid CXX variable so we try alternatives
+    ifeq "$(shell test -e '$(BIN_DIR)/clang++' && echo 1)" "1"
+      # we found one in the local install directory, lets use these
+      CXX        = $(BIN_DIR)/clang++
+    else
+      # hope for the best
+      $(warning we have trouble finding clang++ - llvm-config is not helping us)
+      CXX        = clang++
+    endif
+  endif
+endif
+
+# sanity check.
+# Are versions of clang --version and llvm-config --version equal?
+CLANGVER = $(shell $(CC) --version | sed -E -ne '/^.*version\ (1?[0-9]\.[0-9]\.[0-9]).*/s//\1/p')
+
+# I disable this because it does not make sense with what we did before (marc)
+# We did exactly set these 26 lines above with these values, and it would break
+# "CC=gcc make" etc. usages
+ifeq "$(findstring clang, $(shell $(CC) --version 2>/dev/null))" ""
+  CC_SAVE := $(LLVM_BINDIR)/clang
+else
+  CC_SAVE := $(CC)
+endif
+ifeq "$(findstring clang, $(shell $(CXX) --version 2>/dev/null))" ""
+  CXX_SAVE := $(LLVM_BINDIR)/clang++
+else
+  CXX_SAVE := $(CXX)
+endif
+
+CLANG_BIN := $(CC_SAVE)
+CLANGPP_BIN := $(CXX_SAVE)
+
+ifeq "$(CC_SAVE)" "$(LLVM_BINDIR)/clang"
+  USE_BINDIR = 1
+else
+  ifeq "$(CXX_SAVE)" "$(LLVM_BINDIR)/clang++"
+    USE_BINDIR = 1
+  else
+    USE_BINDIR = 0
+  endif
+endif
+
+# On old platform we cannot compile with clang because std++ libraries are too
+# old. For these we need to use gcc/g++, so if we find REAL_CC and REAL_CXX
+# variable we override the compiler variables here
+ifneq "$(REAL_CC)" ""
+  CC  = $(REAL_CC)
+endif
+ifneq "$(REAL_CXX)" ""
+  CXX = $(REAL_CXX)
+endif
+
+#
+# Now it can happen that CC points to clang - but there is no clang on the
+# system. Then we fall back to cc
+#
+ifeq "$(shell command -v $(CC) 2>/dev/null)" ""
+  CC = cc
+endif
+ifeq "$(shell command -v $(CXX) 2>/dev/null)" ""
+  CXX = c++
+endif
+
+
+# After we set CC/CXX we can start makefile magic tests
+
+#ifeq "$(shell echo 'int main() {return 0; }' | $(CC) -x c - -march=native -o .test 2>/dev/null && echo 1 || echo 0 ; rm -f .test )" "1"
+#	CFLAGS_OPT = -march=native
+#endif
+
+ifeq "$(shell echo 'int main() {return 0; }' | $(CLANG_BIN) -x c - -flto=full -o .test 2>/dev/null && echo 1 || echo 0 ; rm -f .test )" "1"
+        AFL_CLANG_FLTO ?= -flto=full
+else
+ ifeq "$(shell echo 'int main() {return 0; }' | $(CLANG_BIN) -x c - -flto=thin -o .test 2>/dev/null && echo 1 || echo 0 ; rm -f .test )" "1"
+        AFL_CLANG_FLTO ?= -flto=thin
+ else
+  ifeq "$(shell echo 'int main() {return 0; }' | $(CLANG_BIN) -x c - -flto -o .test 2>/dev/null && echo 1 || echo 0 ; rm -f .test )" "1"
+        AFL_CLANG_FLTO ?= -flto
+  endif
+ endif
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(LLVM_LTO)" "1"
+  ifneq "$(AFL_CLANG_FLTO)" ""
+    ifeq "$(AFL_REAL_LD)" ""
+      ifneq "$(shell readlink $(LLVM_BINDIR)/ld.lld 2>&1)" ""
+        AFL_REAL_LD = $(LLVM_BINDIR)/ld.lld
+      else ifneq "$(shell command -v ld.lld 2>/dev/null)" ""
+        AFL_REAL_LD = $(shell command -v ld.lld)
+        TMP_LDLDD_VERSION = $(shell $(AFL_REAL_LD) --version | awk '{ print $$2 }')
+        ifeq "$(LLVMVER)" "$(TMP_LDLDD_VERSION)"
+          $(warning ld.lld found in a weird location ($(AFL_REAL_LD)), but its the same version as LLVM so we will allow it)
+        else
+          $(warning ld.lld found in a weird location ($(AFL_REAL_LD)) and its of a different version than LLMV ($(TMP_LDLDD_VERSION) vs. $(LLVMVER)) - cannot enable LTO mode)
+          AFL_REAL_LD=
+          LLVM_LTO = 0
+        endif
+        undefine TMP_LDLDD_VERSION
+      else
+        $(warning ld.lld not found, cannot enable LTO mode)
+        LLVM_LTO = 0
+      endif
+    endif
+  else
+    $(warning clang option -flto is not working - maybe LLVMgold.so not found - cannot enable LTO mode)
+    LLVM_LTO = 0
+  endif
+endif
+
+AFL_CLANG_FUSELD=
+ifeq "$(LLVM_LTO)" "1"
+  ifeq "$(shell echo 'int main() {return 0; }' | $(CLANG_BIN) -x c - -fuse-ld=`command -v ld` -o .test 2>/dev/null && echo 1 || echo 0 ; rm -f .test )" "1"
+    AFL_CLANG_FUSELD=1
+    ifeq "$(shell echo 'int main() {return 0; }' | $(CLANG_BIN) -x c - -fuse-ld=ld.lld --ld-path=$(AFL_REAL_LD) -o .test 2>/dev/null && echo 1 || echo 0 ; rm -f .test )" "1"
+      AFL_CLANG_LDPATH=1
+    endif
+  else
+    $(warning -fuse-ld is not working, cannot enable LTO mode)
+    LLVM_LTO = 0
+  endif
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(shell echo 'int main() {return 0; }' | $(CLANG_BIN) -x c - -fdebug-prefix-map=$(CURDIR)=llvm_mode -o .test 2>/dev/null && echo 1 || echo 0 ; rm -f .test )" "1"
+        AFL_CLANG_DEBUG_PREFIX = -fdebug-prefix-map="$(CURDIR)=llvm_mode"
+else
+        AFL_CLANG_DEBUG_PREFIX =
+endif
+
+CFLAGS          ?= -O3 -funroll-loops -fPIC
+# -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1
+CFLAGS_SAFE     := -Wall -g -Wno-cast-qual -Wno-variadic-macros -Wno-pointer-sign \
+                   -I ./include/ -I ./instrumentation/ \
+                   -DAFL_PATH=\"$(HELPER_PATH)\" -DBIN_PATH=\"$(BIN_PATH)\" \
+                   -DLLVM_BINDIR=\"$(LLVM_BINDIR)\" -DVERSION=\"$(VERSION)\" \
+                   -DLLVM_LIBDIR=\"$(LLVM_LIBDIR)\" -DLLVM_VERSION=\"$(LLVMVER)\" \
+                   -DAFL_CLANG_FLTO=\"$(AFL_CLANG_FLTO)\" -DAFL_REAL_LD=\"$(AFL_REAL_LD)\" \
+                   -DAFL_CLANG_LDPATH=\"$(AFL_CLANG_LDPATH)\" -DAFL_CLANG_FUSELD=\"$(AFL_CLANG_FUSELD)\" \
+                   -DCLANG_BIN=\"$(CLANG_BIN)\" -DCLANGPP_BIN=\"$(CLANGPP_BIN)\" -DUSE_BINDIR=$(USE_BINDIR) \
+                   -Wno-unused-function $(AFL_CLANG_DEBUG_PREFIX)
+ifndef LLVM_DEBUG
+  CFLAGS_SAFE += -Wno-deprecated
+endif
+
+ifdef CODE_COVERAGE
+  override CFLAGS_SAFE += -D__AFL_CODE_COVERAGE=1
+  override LDFLAGS += -ldl
+endif
+
+override CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_SAFE)
+
+ifdef AFL_TRACE_PC
+  $(info Compile option AFL_TRACE_PC is deprecated, just set AFL_LLVM_INSTRUMENT=PCGUARD to activate when compiling targets )
+endif
+
+CXXFLAGS          ?= -O3 -funroll-loops -fPIC
+# -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1
+override CXXFLAGS += -Wall -g -I ./include/ \
+                     -DVERSION=\"$(VERSION)\" -Wno-variadic-macros -Wno-deprecated-copy-with-dtor \
+                     -DLLVM_MINOR=$(LLVM_MINOR) -DLLVM_MAJOR=$(LLVM_MAJOR)
+
+ifneq "$(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --includedir) 2> /dev/null" ""
+  CLANG_CFL  = -I$(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --includedir)
+endif
+ifneq "$(LLVM_CONFIG)" ""
+  CLANG_CFL += -I$(shell dirname $(LLVM_CONFIG))/../include
+endif
+CLANG_CPPFL  = `$(LLVM_CONFIG) --cxxflags` -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -fPIC $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -Wno-deprecated-declarations
+CLANG_LFL    = `$(LLVM_CONFIG) --ldflags` $(LDFLAGS)
+
+# wasm fuzzing: disable thread-local storage and unset LLVM debug flag
+ifdef WAFL_MODE
+  $(info Compiling libraries for use with WAVM)
+  CLANG_CPPFL += -DNDEBUG -DNO_TLS
+endif
+
+# User teor2345 reports that this is required to make things work on MacOS X.
+ifeq "$(SYS)" "Darwin"
+  CLANG_LFL += -Wl,-flat_namespace -Wl,-undefined,suppress
+  override LLVM_HAVE_LTO := 0
+  override LLVM_LTO := 0
+else
+  CLANG_CPPFL += -Wl,-znodelete
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(SYS)" "OpenBSD"
+  CLANG_LFL += `$(LLVM_CONFIG) --libdir`/libLLVM.so
+  CLANG_CPPFL += -mno-retpoline
+  CFLAGS += -mno-retpoline
+  # Needed for unwind symbols
+  LDFLAGS += -lc++abi -lpthread
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(shell echo '$(HASH)include <sys/ipc.h>@$(HASH)include <sys/shm.h>@int main() { int _id = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, 65536, IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | 0600); shmctl(_id, IPC_RMID, 0); return 0;}' | tr @ '\n' | $(CC) -x c - -o .test2 2>/dev/null && echo 1 || echo 0 ; rm -f .test2 )" "1"
+        SHMAT_OK=1
+else
+        SHMAT_OK=0
+        CFLAGS_SAFE += -DUSEMMAP=1
+        LDFLAGS += -Wno-deprecated-declarations
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(TEST_MMAP)" "1"
+        SHMAT_OK=0
+        CFLAGS_SAFE += -DUSEMMAP=1
+        LDFLAGS += -Wno-deprecated-declarations
+endif
+
+PROGS_ALWAYS = ./afl-cc ./afl-compiler-rt.o ./afl-compiler-rt-32.o ./afl-compiler-rt-64.o 
+PROGS        = $(PROGS_ALWAYS) ./afl-llvm-pass.so ./SanitizerCoveragePCGUARD.so ./split-compares-pass.so ./split-switches-pass.so ./cmplog-routines-pass.so ./cmplog-instructions-pass.so ./cmplog-switches-pass.so ./afl-llvm-dict2file.so ./compare-transform-pass.so ./afl-ld-lto ./afl-llvm-lto-instrumentlist.so ./SanitizerCoverageLTO.so ./injection-pass.so
+
+# If prerequisites are not given, warn, do not build anything, and exit with code 0
+ifeq "$(LLVMVER)" ""
+  NO_BUILD = 1
+endif
+
+ifneq "$(LLVM_UNSUPPORTED)$(LLVM_APPLE_XCODE)" "00"
+  NO_BUILD = 1
+endif
+
+ifeq "$(NO_BUILD)" "1"
+  TARGETS = test_shm $(PROGS_ALWAYS) afl-cc.8
+else
+  TARGETS = test_shm test_deps $(PROGS) afl-cc.8 test_build all_done
+endif
+
+LLVM_MIN_4_0_1 = $(shell awk 'function tonum(ver, a) {split(ver,a,"."); return a[1]*1000000+a[2]*1000+a[3]} BEGIN { exit tonum(ARGV[1]) >= tonum(ARGV[2]) }' $(LLVMVER) 4.0.1; echo $$?)
+
+.PHONY: all
+all: $(TARGETS)
+
+.PHONY: test_shm
+ifeq "$(SHMAT_OK)" "1"
+test_shm:
+	@echo "[+] shmat seems to be working."
+	@rm -f .test2
+else
+test_shm:
+	@echo "[-] shmat seems not to be working, switching to mmap implementation"
+endif
+
+.PHONY: no_build
+no_build:
+	@printf "%b\\n" "\\033[0;31mPrerequisites are not met, skipping build llvm_mode\\033[0m"
+
+.PHONY: test_deps
+test_deps:
+	@echo "[*] Checking for working 'llvm-config'..."
+ ifneq "$(LLVM_APPLE_XCODE)" "1"
+	@type $(LLVM_CONFIG) >/dev/null 2>&1 || ( echo "[-] Oops, can't find 'llvm-config'. Install clang or set \$$LLVM_CONFIG or \$$PATH beforehand."; echo "    (Sometimes, the binary will be named llvm-config-11 or something like that.)"; exit 1 )
+ endif
+	@echo "[*] Checking for working '$(CC)'..."
+	@type $(CC) >/dev/null 2>&1 || ( echo "[-] Oops, can't find '$(CC)'. Make sure that it's in your \$$PATH (or set \$$CC and \$$CXX)."; exit 1 )
+	@echo "[*] Checking for matching versions of '$(CC)' and '$(LLVM_CONFIG)'"
+ifneq "$(CLANGVER)" "$(LLVMVER)"
+	@echo "[!] WARNING: we have llvm-config version $(LLVMVER) and a clang version $(CLANGVER)"
+else
+	@echo "[*] We have llvm-config version $(LLVMVER) with a clang version $(CLANGVER), good."
+endif
+	@echo "[*] Checking for './afl-showmap'..."
+	@test -f ./afl-showmap || ( echo "[-] Oops, can't find './afl-showmap'. Be sure to compile AFL first."; exit 1 )
+	@echo "[+] All set and ready to build."
+
+instrumentation/afl-common.o: ./src/afl-common.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+
+./afl-cc: src/afl-cc.c instrumentation/afl-common.o
+	$(CC) $(CLANG_CFL) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< instrumentation/afl-common.o -o $@ -DLLVM_MINOR=$(LLVM_MINOR) -DLLVM_MAJOR=$(LLVM_MAJOR) $(LDFLAGS) -DCFLAGS_OPT=\"$(CFLAGS_OPT)\" -lm
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-c++
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-gcc
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-g++
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-clang
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-clang++
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-clang-fast
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-clang-fast++
+ifneq "$(AFL_CLANG_FLTO)" ""
+ifeq "$(LLVM_LTO)" "1"
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-clang-lto
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-clang-lto++
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-lto
+	@ln -sf afl-cc ./afl-lto++
+endif
+endif
+
+instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o: instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.h
+	$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) `$(LLVM_CONFIG) --cxxflags` -fno-rtti -fPIC -std=$(LLVM_STDCXX) -c $< -o $@ 
+
+./afl-llvm-pass.so: instrumentation/afl-llvm-pass.so.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o | test_deps
+ifeq "$(LLVM_MIN_4_0_1)" "0"
+	$(info [!] N-gram branch coverage instrumentation is not available for llvm version $(LLVMVER))
+endif
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -Wdeprecated -fno-rtti -fPIC -std=$(LLVM_STDCXX) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+
+./SanitizerCoveragePCGUARD.so: instrumentation/SanitizerCoveragePCGUARD.so.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o | test_deps
+ifeq "$(LLVM_13_OK)" "1"
+	-$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -fno-rtti -fPIC -std=$(LLVM_STDCXX) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) -Wno-deprecated-copy-dtor -Wdeprecated instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+endif
+
+./afl-llvm-lto-instrumentlist.so: instrumentation/afl-llvm-lto-instrumentlist.so.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+ifeq "$(LLVM_LTO)" "1"
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -fno-rtti -fPIC -std=$(LLVM_STDCXX) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+endif
+
+./afl-ld-lto: src/afl-ld-lto.c
+ifeq "$(LLVM_LTO)" "1"
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@
+endif
+
+./SanitizerCoverageLTO.so: instrumentation/SanitizerCoverageLTO.so.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+ifeq "$(LLVM_LTO)" "1"
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -Wno-writable-strings -fno-rtti -fPIC -std=$(LLVM_STDCXX) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+	$(CLANG_BIN) $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) -Wno-unused-result -O0 $(AFL_CLANG_FLTO) -fPIC -c instrumentation/afl-llvm-rt-lto.o.c -o ./afl-llvm-rt-lto.o
+	@$(CLANG_BIN) $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) -Wno-unused-result -O0 $(AFL_CLANG_FLTO) -m64 -fPIC -c instrumentation/afl-llvm-rt-lto.o.c -o ./afl-llvm-rt-lto-64.o 2>/dev/null; if [ "$$?" = "0" ]; then : ; fi
+	@$(CLANG_BIN) $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) -Wno-unused-result -O0 $(AFL_CLANG_FLTO) -m32 -fPIC -c instrumentation/afl-llvm-rt-lto.o.c -o ./afl-llvm-rt-lto-32.o 2>/dev/null; if [ "$$?" = "0" ]; then : ; fi
+endif
+
+# laf
+./split-switches-pass.so:	instrumentation/split-switches-pass.so.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+./compare-transform-pass.so:	instrumentation/compare-transform-pass.so.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+./split-compares-pass.so:	instrumentation/split-compares-pass.so.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+# /laf
+
+./cmplog-routines-pass.so:	instrumentation/cmplog-routines-pass.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+
+./cmplog-instructions-pass.so:	instrumentation/cmplog-instructions-pass.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+
+./cmplog-switches-pass.so:	instrumentation/cmplog-switches-pass.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+
+afl-llvm-dict2file.so:	instrumentation/afl-llvm-dict2file.so.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+
+./injection-pass.so:	instrumentation/injection-pass.cc instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o | test_deps
+	$(CXX) $(CLANG_CPPFL) -shared $< -o $@ $(CLANG_LFL) instrumentation/afl-llvm-common.o
+
+.PHONY: document
+document:
+	$(CLANG_BIN) -D_AFL_DOCUMENT_MUTATIONS $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CLANG_CFL) -O3 -Wno-unused-result -fPIC -c instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c -o ./afl-compiler-rt.o
+	@$(CLANG_BIN) -D_AFL_DOCUMENT_MUTATIONS $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CLANG_CFL) -O3 -Wno-unused-result -m32 -fPIC -c instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c -o ./afl-compiler-rt-32.o 2>/dev/null; if [ "$$?" = "0" ]; then echo "success!"; else echo "failed (that's fine)"; fi
+	@$(CLANG_BIN) -D_AFL_DOCUMENT_MUTATIONS $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CLANG_CFL) -O3 -Wno-unused-result -m64 -fPIC -c instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c -o ./afl-compiler-rt-64.o 2>/dev/null; if [ "$$?" = "0" ]; then echo "success!"; else echo "failed (that's fine)"; fi
+
+./afl-compiler-rt.o: instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c
+	$(CC) $(CLANG_CFL) $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) -O3 -Wno-unused-result -fPIC -c $< -o $@
+
+./afl-compiler-rt-32.o: instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c
+	@printf "[*] Building 32-bit variant of the runtime (-m32)... "
+	@$(CC) $(CLANG_CFL) $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) -O3 -Wno-unused-result -m32 -fPIC -c $< -o $@ 2>/dev/null; if [ "$$?" = "0" ]; then echo "success!"; else echo "failed (that's fine)"; fi
+
+./afl-compiler-rt-64.o: instrumentation/afl-compiler-rt.o.c
+	@printf "[*] Building 64-bit variant of the runtime (-m64)... "
+	@$(CC) $(CLANG_CFL) $(CFLAGS_SAFE) $(CPPFLAGS) -O3 -Wno-unused-result -m64 -fPIC -c $< -o $@ 2>/dev/null; if [ "$$?" = "0" ]; then echo "success!"; else echo "failed (that's fine)"; fi
+
+.PHONY: test_build
+test_build: $(PROGS)
+	@echo "[*] Testing the CC wrapper and instrumentation output..."
+	unset AFL_USE_ASAN AFL_USE_MSAN AFL_INST_RATIO; ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0 AFL_QUIET=1 AFL_PATH=. AFL_LLVM_LAF_ALL=1 ./afl-cc $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) ./test-instr.c -o test-instr $(LDFLAGS)
+	ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0 ./afl-showmap -m none -q -o .test-instr0 ./test-instr < /dev/null
+	echo 1 | ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0 ./afl-showmap -m none -q -o .test-instr1 ./test-instr
+	@rm -f test-instr
+	@cmp -s .test-instr0 .test-instr1; DR="$$?"; rm -f .test-instr0 .test-instr1; if [ "$$DR" = "0" ]; then echo; echo "Oops, the instrumentation does not seem to be behaving correctly!"; echo; echo "Please post to https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/issues to troubleshoot the issue."; echo; exit 1; fi
+	@echo "[+] All right, the instrumentation seems to be working!"
+
+.PHONY: all_done
+all_done: test_build
+	@echo "[+] All done! You can now use './afl-cc' to compile programs."
+
+.NOTPARALLEL: clean
+
+.PHONY: install
+install: all
+	@install -d -m 755 $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH) $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH) $${DESTDIR}$(DOC_PATH) $${DESTDIR}$(MISC_PATH)
+	@if [ -f ./afl-cc ]; then set -e; install -m 755 ./afl-cc $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH); ln -sf afl-cc $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-c++; fi
+	@rm -f $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH)/afl-llvm-rt*.o $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH)/afl-gcc-rt*.o
+	@if [ -f ./afl-compiler-rt.o ]; then set -e; install -m 755 ./afl-compiler-rt.o $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH); fi
+	@if [ -f ./afl-lto ]; then set -e; ln -sf afl-cc $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-lto; ln -sf afl-cc $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-lto++; ln -sf afl-cc $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-clang-lto; ln -sf afl-cc $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-clang-lto++; install -m 755 ./afl-llvm-rt-lto*.o ./afl-llvm-lto-instrumentlist.so $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH); fi
+	@if [ -f ./afl-ld-lto ]; then set -e; install -m 755 ./afl-ld-lto $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH); fi
+	@if [ -f ./afl-compiler-rt-32.o ]; then set -e; install -m 755 ./afl-compiler-rt-32.o $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH); fi
+	@if [ -f ./afl-compiler-rt-64.o ]; then set -e; install -m 755 ./afl-compiler-rt-64.o $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH); fi
+	@if [ -f ./compare-transform-pass.so ]; then set -e; install -m 755 ./*.so $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH); fi
+	@if [ -f ./compare-transform-pass.so ]; then set -e; ln -sf afl-cc $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-clang-fast ; ln -sf ./afl-c++ $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-clang-fast++ ; ln -sf afl-cc $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-clang ; ln -sf ./afl-c++ $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-clang++ ; fi
+	@if [ -f ./SanitizerCoverageLTO.so ]; then set -e; ln -sf afl-cc $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-clang-lto ; ln -sf ./afl-c++ $${DESTDIR}$(BIN_PATH)/afl-clang-lto++ ; fi
+	set -e; install -m 644 ./dynamic_list.txt $${DESTDIR}$(HELPER_PATH)
+	install -m 644 instrumentation/README.*.md $${DESTDIR}$(DOC_PATH)/
+
+%.8: %
+	@echo .TH $* 8 $(BUILD_DATE) "AFL++" > ./$@
+	@echo .SH NAME >> ./$@
+	@printf "%s" ".B $* \- " >> ./$@
+	@./$* -h 2>&1 | head -n 1 | sed -e "s/$$(printf '\e')[^m]*m//g" >> ./$@
+	@echo .B $* >> ./$@
+	@echo >> ./$@
+	@echo .SH SYNOPSIS >> ./$@
+	@./$* -h 2>&1 | head -n 3 | tail -n 1 | sed 's/^\.\///' >> ./$@
+	@echo >> ./$@
+	@echo .SH OPTIONS >> ./$@
+	@echo .nf >> ./$@
+	@./$* -h 2>&1 | tail -n +4 >> ./$@
+	@echo >> ./$@
+	@echo .SH AUTHOR >> ./$@
+	@echo "AFL++ was written by Michal \"lcamtuf\" Zalewski and is maintained by Marc \"van Hauser\" Heuse <mh@mh-sec.de>, Dominik Maier <domenukk@gmail.com>, Andrea Fioraldi <andreafioraldi@gmail.com> and Heiko \"hexcoder-\" Eissfeldt <heiko.eissfeldt@hexco.de>" >> ./$@
+	@echo  The homepage of AFL++ is: https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus >> ./$@
+	@echo >> ./$@
+	@echo .SH LICENSE >> ./$@
+	@echo Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004 >> ./$@
+	@ln -sf afl-cc.8 ./afl-c++.8
+	@ln -sf afl-cc.8 ./afl-clang-fast.8
+	@ln -sf afl-cc.8 ./afl-clang-fast++.8
+ifneq "$(AFL_CLANG_FLTO)" ""
+ifeq "$(LLVM_LTO)" "1"
+	@ln -sf afl-cc.8 ./afl-clang-lto.8
+	@ln -sf afl-cc.8 ./afl-clang-lto++.8
+	@ln -sf afl-cc.8 ./afl-lto.8
+	@ln -sf afl-cc.8 ./afl-lto++.8
+endif
+endif
+
+.PHONY: clean
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o *.so *~ a.out core core.[1-9][0-9]* .test2 test-instr .test-instr0 .test-instr1 *.dwo
+	rm -f $(PROGS) afl-common.o ./afl-c++ ./afl-lto ./afl-lto++ ./afl-clang-lto* ./afl-clang-fast* ./afl-clang*.8 ./ld ./afl-ld ./afl-compiler-rt*.o ./afl-llvm-rt*.o instrumentation/*.o

Makefile

@@ -1,2 +1,42 @@
 all:
-	@echo please use GNU make, thanks!
+	@echo trying to use GNU make...
+	@gmake all || echo please install GNUmake
+
+source-only:
+	@gmake source-only
+
+binary-only:
+	@gmake binary-only
+
+distrib:
+	@gmake distrib
+
+man:
+	@gmake man
+
+install:
+	@gmake install
+
+document:
+	@gmake document
+
+deepclean:
+	@gmake deepclean
+
+code-format:
+	@gmake code-format
+
+help:
+	@gmake help
+
+tests:
+	@gmake tests
+
+unit:
+	@gmake unit
+
+unit_clean:
+	@gmake unit_clean
+
+clean:
+	@gmake clean

QuickStartGuide.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-docs/QuickStartGuide.md

README.md

@@ -1,759 +1,260 @@
-# american fuzzy lop plus plus (afl++)
+# American Fuzzy Lop plus plus (AFL++)
 
-  <img align="right" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/andreafioraldi/AFLplusplus-website/master/static/logo_256x256.png" alt="AFL++ Logo">
+<img align="right" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AFLplusplus/Website/main/static/aflpp_bg.svg" alt="AFL++ logo" width="250" heigh="250">
 
-  ![Travis State](https://api.travis-ci.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus.svg?branch=master)
+Release version: [4.21c](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/releases)
 
-  Release Version: [2.64c](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/releases)
+GitHub version: 4.21c
 
-  Github Version: 2.64d
+Repository:
+[https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus)
 
-  includes all necessary/interesting changes from Google's afl 2.56b
+AFL++ is maintained by:
 
-  Originally developed by Michal "lcamtuf" Zalewski.
+* Marc "van Hauser" Heuse <mh@mh-sec.de>
+* Dominik Maier <mail@dmnk.co>
+* Andrea Fioraldi <andreafioraldi@gmail.com>
+* Heiko "hexcoder-" Eissfeldt <heiko.eissfeldt@hexco.de>
+* frida_mode is maintained by @Worksbutnottested
+* Documentation: Jana Aydinbas <jana.aydinbas@gmail.com>
 
-  Repository: [https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus)
+Originally developed by Michal "lcamtuf" Zalewski.
 
-  afl++ is maintained by:
-    * Marc "van Hauser" Heuse <mh@mh-sec.de>,
-    * Heiko "hexcoder-" Eißfeldt <heiko.eissfeldt@hexco.de>,
-    * Andrea Fioraldi <andreafioraldi@gmail.com> and
-    * Dominik Maier <mail@dmnk.co>.
+AFL++ is a superior fork to Google's AFL - more speed, more and better
+mutations, more and better instrumentation, custom module support, etc.
 
-  Note that although afl now has a Google afl repository [https://github.com/Google/afl](https://github.com/Google/afl),
-  it is unlikely to receive any notable enhancements: [https://twitter.com/Dor3s/status/1154737061787660288](https://twitter.com/Dor3s/status/1154737061787660288)
+You are free to copy, modify, and distribute AFL++ with attribution under the
+terms of the Apache-2.0 License. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details.
 
-## The enhancements compared to the original stock afl
+## Getting started
 
-  Many improvements were made over the official afl release - which did not
-  get any feature improvements since November 2017.
+Here is some information to get you started:
 
-  Among other changes afl++ has a more performant llvm_mode, supports
-  llvm up to version 11, QEMU 3.1, more speed and crashfixes for QEMU,
-  better *BSD and Android support and much, much more.
+* For an overview of the AFL++ documentation and a very helpful graphical guide,
+  please visit [docs/README.md](docs/README.md).
+* To get you started with tutorials, go to
+  [docs/tutorials.md](docs/tutorials.md).
+* For releases, see the
+  [Releases tab](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/releases) and
+  [branches](#branches). The best branches to use are, however, `stable` or
+  `dev` - depending on your risk appetite. Also take a look at the list of
+  [important changes in AFL++](docs/important_changes.md) and the list of
+  [features](docs/features.md).
+* If you want to use AFL++ for your academic work, check the
+  [papers page](https://aflplus.plus/papers/) on the website.
+* To cite our work, look at the [Cite](#cite) section.
+* For comparisons, use the fuzzbench `aflplusplus` setup, or use
+  `afl-clang-fast` with `AFL_LLVM_CMPLOG=1`. You can find the `aflplusplus`
+  default configuration on Google's
+  [fuzzbench](https://github.com/google/fuzzbench/tree/master/fuzzers/aflplusplus).
 
-  Additionally the following features and patches have been integrated:
+## Building and installing AFL++
 
-  * AFLfast's power schedules by Marcel Böhme: [https://github.com/mboehme/aflfast](https://github.com/mboehme/aflfast)
-
-  * The new excellent MOpt mutator: [https://github.com/puppet-meteor/MOpt-AFL](https://github.com/puppet-meteor/MOpt-AFL)
-
-  * InsTrim, a very effective CFG llvm_mode instrumentation implementation for large targets: [https://github.com/csienslab/instrim](https://github.com/csienslab/instrim)
-
-  * C. Holler's afl-fuzz Python mutator module and llvm_mode whitelist support: [https://github.com/choller/afl](https://github.com/choller/afl)
-
-  * Custom mutator by a library (instead of Python) by kyakdan
-
-  * Unicorn mode which allows fuzzing of binaries from completely different platforms (integration provided by domenukk)
-
-  * LAF-Intel or CompCov support for llvm_mode, qemu_mode and unicorn_mode
-
-  * NeverZero patch for afl-gcc, llvm_mode, qemu_mode and unicorn_mode which prevents a wrapping map value to zero, increases coverage
-  
-  * Persistent mode and deferred forkserver for qemu_mode
-  
-  * Win32 PE binary-only fuzzing with QEMU and Wine
-
-  * Radamsa mutator (enable with `-R` to add or `-RR` to run it exclusively).
-
-  * QBDI mode to fuzz android native libraries via QBDI framework
-
-  * The new CmpLog instrumentation for LLVM and QEMU inspired by [Redqueen](https://www.syssec.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/media/emma/veroeffentlichungen/2018/12/17/NDSS19-Redqueen.pdf)
-
-  * LLVM mode Ngram coverage by Adrian Herrera [https://github.com/adrianherrera/afl-ngram-pass](https://github.com/adrianherrera/afl-ngram-pass)
-
-  A more thorough list is available in the PATCHES file.
-
-  | Feature/Instrumentation | afl-gcc | llvm_mode | gcc_plugin | qemu_mode        | unicorn_mode |
-  | ----------------------- |:-------:|:---------:|:----------:|:----------------:|:------------:|
-  | NeverZero               |    x    |     x(1)  |      (2)   |         x        |       x      |
-  | Persistent mode         |         |     x     |     x      | x86[_64]/arm[64] |       x      |
-  | LAF-Intel / CompCov     |         |     x     |            | x86[_64]/arm[64] | x86[_64]/arm |
-  | CmpLog                  |         |     x     |            | x86[_64]/arm[64] |              |
-  | Whitelist               |         |     x     |     x      |        (x)(3)    |              |
-  | Non-colliding coverage  |         |     x(4)  |            |        (x)(5)    |              |
-  | InsTrim                 |         |     x     |            |                  |              |
-  | Ngram prev_loc coverage |         |     x(6)  |            |                  |              |
-  | Context coverage        |         |     x     |            |                  |              |
-  | Snapshot LKM support    |         |     x     |            |        (x)(5)    |              |
-
-  neverZero:
-
-  (1) default for LLVM >= 9.0, env var for older version due an efficiency bug in llvm <= 8
-
-  (2) GCC creates non-performant code, hence it is disabled in gcc_plugin
-
-  (3) partially via AFL_CODE_START/AFL_CODE_END
-
-  (4) Only for LLVM >= 9 and not all targets compile
-
-  (5) upcoming, development in the branch
-
-  (6) not compatible with LTO and InsTrim and needs at least LLVM >= 4.1
-
-  So all in all this is the best-of afl that is currently out there :-)
-
-  For new versions and additional information, check out:
-  [https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus)
-
-  To compare notes with other users or get notified about major new features,
-  send a mail to <afl-users+subscribe@googlegroups.com>.
-
-  See [docs/QuickStartGuide.md](docs/QuickStartGuide.md) if you don't have time to
-  read this file.
-
-## Branches
-
-  The following branches exist:
-
-  * [master/trunk](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/) : stable state of afl++ - it is synced from dev from time to
-    time when we are satisfied with it's stability
-  * [dev](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/tree/dev) : development state of afl++ - bleeding edge and you might catch a
-    checkout which does not compile or has a bug. *We only accept PRs in dev!!*
-  * (any other) : experimental branches to work on specific features or testing
-    new functionality or changes.
-
-  For releases, please see the [Releases](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/releases) tab.
-
-## Google Summer of Code 2020 (and any other students and enthusiast developers)
-
-We are happy to be part of [Google Summer of Code 2020](https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/organizations/5100744400699392/)! :-)
-
-We have several ideas we would like to see in AFL++ to make it even better.
-However, we already work on so many things that we do not have the time for
-all the big ideas.
-
-This can be your way to support and contribute to AFL++ - extend it to
-something cool.
-
-We have an idea list in [docs/ideas.md](docs/ideas.md).
-
-For everyone who wants to contribute (and send pull requests) please read
-[CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) before your submit.
-
-## Building and installing afl++
-
-afl++ has many build options.
-The easiest is to build and install everything:
+To have AFL++ easily available with everything compiled, pull the image directly
+from the Docker Hub (available for both x86_64 and arm64):
 
 ```shell
-$ sudo apt install build-essential libtool-bin python3 automake bison libglib2.0-dev libpixman-1-dev clang python-setuptools
-$ make distrib
-$ sudo make install
+docker pull aflplusplus/aflplusplus
+docker run -ti -v /location/of/your/target:/src aflplusplus/aflplusplus
 ```
 
-Note that "make distrib" also builds llvm_mode, qemu_mode, unicorn_mode and
-more. If you just want plain afl then do "make all", however compiling and
-using at least llvm_mode is highly recommended for much better results -
-hence in this case
+This image is automatically published when a push to the stable branch happens
+(see [branches](#branches)). If you use the command above, you will find your
+target source code in `/src` in the container.
 
-```shell
-$ make source-only
-```
-is what you should choose.
+Note: you can also pull `aflplusplus/aflplusplus:dev` which is the most current
+development state of AFL++.
 
-These build targets exist:
+To build AFL++ yourself - *which we recommend* - continue at
+[docs/INSTALL.md](docs/INSTALL.md).
 
-* all: just the main afl++ binaries
-* binary-only: everything for binary-only fuzzing: qemu_mode, unicorn_mode, libdislocator, libtokencap, radamsa
-* source-only: everything for source code fuzzing: llvm_mode, libdislocator, libtokencap, radamsa
-* distrib: everything (for both binary-only and source code fuzzing)
-* man: creates simple man pages from the help option of the programs
-* install: installs everything you have compiled with the build options above
-* clean: cleans everything. for qemu_mode and unicorn_mode it means it deletes all downloads as well
-* code-format: format the code, do this before you commit and send a PR please!
-* tests: runs test cases to ensure that all features are still working as they should
-* unit: perform unit tests (based on cmocka)
-* help: shows these build options
+## Quick start: Fuzzing with AFL++
 
-[Unless you are on Mac OS X](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1118/_index.html) you can also build statically linked versions of the 
-afl++ binaries by passing the STATIC=1 argument to make:
+*NOTE: Before you start, please read about the
+[common sense risks of fuzzing](docs/fuzzing_in_depth.md#0-common-sense-risks).*
 
-```shell
-$ make all STATIC=1
-```
+This is a quick start for fuzzing targets with the source code available. To
+read about the process in detail, see
+[docs/fuzzing_in_depth.md](docs/fuzzing_in_depth.md).
 
-These build options exist:
+To learn about fuzzing other targets, see:
+* Binary-only targets:
+  [docs/fuzzing_binary-only_targets.md](docs/fuzzing_binary-only_targets.md)
+* Network services:
+  [docs/best_practices.md#fuzzing-a-network-service](docs/best_practices.md#fuzzing-a-network-service)
+* GUI programs:
+  [docs/best_practices.md#fuzzing-a-gui-program](docs/best_practices.md#fuzzing-a-gui-program)
 
-* STATIC - compile AFL++ static
-* ASAN_BUILD - compiles with memory sanitizer for debug purposes
-* PROFILING - compile with profiling information (gprof)
-* NO_PYTHON - disable python support
-* AFL_NO_X86 - if compiling on non-intel/amd platforms
-* LLVM_CONFIG - if your distro doesn't use the standard name for llvm-config (e.g. Debian)
+Step-by-step quick start:
 
-e.g.: make ASAN_BUILD=1
+1. Compile the program or library to be fuzzed using `afl-cc`. A common way to
+   do this would be:
 
+   ```
+   CC=/path/to/afl-cc CXX=/path/to/afl-c++ ./configure --disable-shared
+   make clean all
+   ```
 
-Note that afl++ is faster and better the newer the compilers used are.
-Hence at least gcc-9 and especially llvm-9 should be the compilers of choice.
-If your distribution does not have them, you can use the Dockerfile:
+2. Get a small but valid input file that makes sense to the program. When
+   fuzzing verbose syntax (SQL, HTTP, etc.), create a dictionary as described in
+   [dictionaries/README.md](dictionaries/README.md), too.
 
-```shell
-$ cd AFLplusplus
-$ sudo docker build -t aflplusplus .
-```
+3. If the program reads from stdin, run `afl-fuzz` like so:
 
+   ```
+   ./afl-fuzz -i seeds_dir -o output_dir -- \
+   /path/to/tested/program [...program's cmdline...]
+   ```
 
-## Challenges of guided fuzzing
+   To add a dictionary, add `-x /path/to/dictionary.txt` to afl-fuzz.
 
-Fuzzing is one of the most powerful and proven strategies for identifying
-security issues in real-world software; it is responsible for the vast
-majority of remote code execution and privilege escalation bugs found to date
-in security-critical software.
+   If the program takes input from a file, you can put `@@` in the program's
+   command line; AFL++ will put an auto-generated file name in there for you.
 
-Unfortunately, fuzzing is also relatively shallow; blind, random mutations
-make it very unlikely to reach certain code paths in the tested code, leaving
-some vulnerabilities firmly outside the reach of this technique.
+4. Investigate anything shown in red in the fuzzer UI by promptly consulting
+   [docs/afl-fuzz_approach.md#understanding-the-status-screen](docs/afl-fuzz_approach.md#understanding-the-status-screen).
 
-There have been numerous attempts to solve this problem. One of the early
-approaches - pioneered by Tavis Ormandy - is corpus distillation. The method
-relies on coverage signals to select a subset of interesting seeds from a
-massive, high-quality corpus of candidate files, and then fuzz them by
-traditional means. The approach works exceptionally well but requires such
-a corpus to be readily available. In addition, block coverage measurements
-provide only a very simplistic understanding of the program state and are less
-useful for guiding the fuzzing effort in the long haul.
+5. You will find found crashes and hangs in the subdirectories `crashes/` and
+   `hangs/` in the `-o output_dir` directory. You can replay the crashes by
+   feeding them to the target, e.g. if your target is using stdin:
 
-Other, more sophisticated research has focused on techniques such as program
-flow analysis ("concolic execution"), symbolic execution, or static analysis.
-All these methods are extremely promising in experimental settings, but tend
-to suffer from reliability and performance problems in practical uses - and
-currently do not offer a viable alternative to "dumb" fuzzing techniques.
+   ```
+   cat output_dir/crashes/id:000000,* | /path/to/tested/program [...program's cmdline...]
+   ```
 
+   You can generate cores or use gdb directly to follow up the crashes.
 
-## The afl-fuzz approach
-
-American Fuzzy Lop is a brute-force fuzzer coupled with an exceedingly simple
-but rock-solid instrumentation-guided genetic algorithm. It uses a modified
-form of edge coverage to effortlessly pick up subtle, local-scale changes to
-program control flow.
-
-Simplifying a bit, the overall algorithm can be summed up as:
-
-  1) Load user-supplied initial test cases into the queue,
-
-  2) Take the next input file from the queue,
-
-  3) Attempt to trim the test case to the smallest size that doesn't alter
-     the measured behavior of the program,
-
-  4) Repeatedly mutate the file using a balanced and well-researched variety
-     of traditional fuzzing strategies,
-
-  5) If any of the generated mutations resulted in a new state transition
-     recorded by the instrumentation, add mutated output as a new entry in the
-     queue.
-
-  6) Go to 2.
-
-The discovered test cases are also periodically culled to eliminate ones that
-have been obsoleted by newer, higher-coverage finds; and undergo several other
-instrumentation-driven effort minimization steps.
-
-As a side result of the fuzzing process, the tool creates a small,
-self-contained corpus of interesting test cases. These are extremely useful
-for seeding other, labor- or resource-intensive testing regimes - for example,
-for stress-testing browsers, office applications, graphics suites, or
-closed-source tools.
-
-The fuzzer is thoroughly tested to deliver out-of-the-box performance far
-superior to blind fuzzing or coverage-only tools.
-
-
-## Instrumenting programs for use with AFL
-
-PLEASE NOTE: llvm_mode compilation with afl-clang-fast/afl-clang-fast++
-instead of afl-gcc/afl-g++ is much faster and has many cool features.
-See llvm_mode/ - however few code does not compile with llvm.
-We support llvm versions 3.8.0 to 11.
-
-When source code is available, instrumentation can be injected by a companion
-tool that works as a drop-in replacement for gcc or clang in any standard build
-process for third-party code.
-
-The instrumentation has a fairly modest performance impact; in conjunction with
-other optimizations implemented by afl-fuzz, most programs can be fuzzed as fast
-or even faster than possible with traditional tools.
-
-The correct way to recompile the target program may vary depending on the
-specifics of the build process, but a nearly-universal approach would be:
-
-```shell
-$ CC=/path/to/afl/afl-gcc ./configure
-$ make clean all
-```
-
-For C++ programs, you'd would also want to set `CXX=/path/to/afl/afl-g++`.
-
-The clang wrappers (afl-clang and afl-clang++) can be used in the same way;
-clang users may also opt to leverage a higher-performance instrumentation mode,
-as described in [llvm_mode/README.md](llvm_mode/README.md).
-Clang/LLVM has a much better performance and works with LLVM version 3.8.0 to 11.
-
-Using the LAF Intel performance enhancements are also recommended, see 
-[llvm_mode/README.laf-intel.md](llvm_mode/README.laf-intel.md)
-
-Using partial instrumentation is also recommended, see
-[llvm_mode/README.whitelist.md](llvm_mode/README.whitelist.md)
-
-When testing libraries, you need to find or write a simple program that reads
-data from stdin or from a file and passes it to the tested library. In such a
-case, it is essential to link this executable against a static version of the
-instrumented library or to make sure that the correct .so file is loaded at
-runtime (usually by setting `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`). The simplest option is a static
-build, usually possible via:
-
-```shell
-$ CC=/path/to/afl/afl-gcc ./configure --disable-shared
-```
-
-Setting `AFL_HARDEN=1` when calling 'make' will cause the CC wrapper to
-automatically enable code hardening options that make it easier to detect
-simple memory bugs. Libdislocator, a helper library included with AFL (see
-[libdislocator/README.md](libdislocator/README.md)) can help uncover heap corruption issues, too.
-
-PS. ASAN users are advised to review [docs/notes_for_asan.md](docs/notes_for_asan.md)
-file for important caveats.
-
-
-## Instrumenting binary-only apps
-
-When source code is *NOT* available, the fuzzer offers experimental support for
-fast, on-the-fly instrumentation of black-box binaries. This is accomplished
-with a version of QEMU running in the lesser-known "user space emulation" mode.
-
-QEMU is a project separate from AFL, but you can conveniently build the
-feature by doing:
-
-```shell
-$ cd qemu_mode
-$ ./build_qemu_support.sh
-```
-
-For additional instructions and caveats, see [qemu_mode/README.md](qemu_mode/README.md).
-
-If possible you should use the persistent mode, see [qemu_mode/README.persistent.md](qemu_mode/README.persistent.md).
-
-The mode is approximately 2-5x slower than compile-time instrumentation, is
-less conducive to parallelization, and may have some other quirks.
-
-If [afl-dyninst](https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/afl-dyninst) works for
-your binary, then you can use afl-fuzz normally and it will have twice
-the speed compared to qemu_mode.
-
-A more comprehensive description of these and other options can be found in
-[docs/binaryonly_fuzzing.md](docs/binaryonly_fuzzing.md)
-
-## Good examples and writeups
-
-Here are some good writeups to show how to effectively use AFL++:
-
- * [https://aflplus.plus/docs/tutorials/libxml2_tutorial/](https://aflplus.plus/docs/tutorials/libxml2_tutorial/)
- * [https://bananamafia.dev/post/gb-fuzz/](https://bananamafia.dev/post/gb-fuzz/)
- * [https://securitylab.github.com/research/fuzzing-challenges-solutions-1](https://securitylab.github.com/research/fuzzing-challenges-solutions-1)
- * [https://securitylab.github.com/research/fuzzing-sockets-FTP](https://securitylab.github.com/research/fuzzing-sockets-FTP)
-
-If you are interested in fuzzing structured data (where you define what the
-structure is), these two links have you covered:
- * [https://github.com/bruce30262/libprotobuf-mutator_fuzzing_learning/tree/master/4_libprotobuf_aflpp_custom_mutator](https://github.com/bruce30262/libprotobuf-mutator_fuzzing_learning/tree/master/4_libprotobuf_aflpp_custom_mutator)
- * [https://github.com/thebabush/afl-libprotobuf-mutator](https://github.com/thebabush/afl-libprotobuf-mutator)
-
-If you find other good ones, please send them to us :-)
-
-## Power schedules
-
-The power schedules were copied from Marcel Böhme's excellent AFLfast
-implementation and expand on the ability to discover new paths and
-therefore may increase the code coverage.
-
-The available schedules are:
- 
- - explore (default)
- - fast
- - coe
- - quad
- - lin
- - exploit
- - mmopt (experimental)
- - rare (experimental)
-
-In parallel mode (-M/-S, several instances with the shared queue), we suggest to
-run the master using the explore or fast schedule (-p explore) and the slaves
-with a combination of cut-off-exponential (-p coe), exponential (-p fast),
-explore (-p explore) and mmopt (-p mmopt) schedules. If a schedule does
-not perform well for a target, restart the slave with a different schedule.
-
-In single mode, using -p fast is usually slightly more beneficial than the
-default explore mode.
-(We don't want to change the default behavior of afl, so "fast" has not been
-made the default mode).
-
-More details can be found in the paper published at the 23rd ACM Conference on
-Computer and Communications Security [CCS'16](https://www.sigsac.org/ccs/CCS2016/accepted-papers/)
-
-## Choosing initial test cases
-
-To operate correctly, the fuzzer requires one or more starting file that
-contains a good example of the input data normally expected by the targeted
-application. There are two basic rules:
-
-  - Keep the files small. Under 1 kB is ideal, although not strictly necessary.
-    For a discussion of why size matters, see [perf_tips.md](docs/perf_tips.md).
-
-  - Use multiple test cases only if they are functionally different from
-    each other. There is no point in using fifty different vacation photos
-    to fuzz an image library.
-
-You can find many good examples of starting files in the testcases/ subdirectory
-that comes with this tool.
-
-PS. If a large corpus of data is available for screening, you may want to use
-the afl-cmin utility to identify a subset of functionally distinct files that
-exercise different code paths in the target binary.
-
-
-## Fuzzing binaries
-
-The fuzzing process itself is carried out by the afl-fuzz utility. This program
-requires a read-only directory with initial test cases, a separate place to
-store its findings, plus a path to the binary to test.
-
-For target binaries that accept input directly from stdin, the usual syntax is:
-
-```shell
-$ ./afl-fuzz -i testcase_dir -o findings_dir /path/to/program [...params...]
-```
-
-For programs that take input from a file, use '@@' to mark the location in
-the target's command line where the input file name should be placed. The
-fuzzer will substitute this for you:
-
-```shell
-$ ./afl-fuzz -i testcase_dir -o findings_dir /path/to/program @@
-```
-
-You can also use the -f option to have the mutated data written to a specific
-file. This is useful if the program expects a particular file extension or so.
-
-Non-instrumented binaries can be fuzzed in the QEMU mode (add -Q in the command
-line) or in a traditional, blind-fuzzer mode (specify -n).
-
-You can use -t and -m to override the default timeout and memory limit for the
-executed process; rare examples of targets that may need these settings touched
-include compilers and video decoders.
-
-Tips for optimizing fuzzing performance are discussed in [perf_tips.md](docs/perf_tips.md).
-
-Note that afl-fuzz starts by performing an array of deterministic fuzzing
-steps, which can take several days, but tend to produce neat test cases. If you
-want quick & dirty results right away - akin to zzuf and other traditional
-fuzzers - add the -d option to the command line.
-
-## Interpreting output
-
-See the [docs/status_screen.md](docs/status_screen.md) file for information on
-how to interpret the displayed stats and monitor the health of the process. Be
-sure to consult this file especially if any UI elements are highlighted in red.
-
-The fuzzing process will continue until you press Ctrl-C. At a minimum, you want
-to allow the fuzzer to complete one queue cycle, which may take anywhere from a
-couple of hours to a week or so.
-
-There are three subdirectories created within the output directory and updated
-in real-time:
-
-  - queue/   - test cases for every distinctive execution path, plus all the
-               starting files given by the user. This is the synthesized corpus
-               mentioned in section 2.
-
-               Before using this corpus for any other purposes, you can shrink
-               it to a smaller size using the afl-cmin tool. The tool will find
-               a smaller subset of files offering equivalent edge coverage.
-
-  - crashes/ - unique test cases that cause the tested program to receive a
-               fatal signal (e.g., SIGSEGV, SIGILL, SIGABRT). The entries are 
-               grouped by the received signal.
-
-  - hangs/   - unique test cases that cause the tested program to time out. The
-               default time limit before something is classified as a hang is
-               the larger of 1 second and the value of the -t parameter.
-               The value can be fine-tuned by setting AFL_HANG_TMOUT, but this
-               is rarely necessary.
-
-Crashes and hangs are considered "unique" if the associated execution paths
-involve any state transitions not seen in previously-recorded faults. If a
-single bug can be reached in multiple ways, there will be some count inflation
-early in the process, but this should quickly taper off.
-
-The file names for crashes and hangs are correlated with the parent, non-faulting
-queue entries. This should help with debugging.
-
-When you can't reproduce a crash found by afl-fuzz, the most likely cause is
-that you are not setting the same memory limit as used by the tool. Try:
-
-```shell
-$ LIMIT_MB=50
-$ ( ulimit -Sv $[LIMIT_MB << 10]; /path/to/tested_binary ... )
-```
-
-Change LIMIT_MB to match the -m parameter passed to afl-fuzz. On OpenBSD,
-also change -Sv to -Sd.
-
-Any existing output directory can be also used to resume aborted jobs; try:
-
-```shell
-$ ./afl-fuzz -i- -o existing_output_dir [...etc...]
-```
-
-If you have gnuplot installed, you can also generate some pretty graphs for any
-active fuzzing task using afl-plot. For an example of how this looks like,
-see [http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/plot/](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/plot/).
-
-## Parallelized fuzzing
-
-Every instance of afl-fuzz takes up roughly one core. This means that on
-multi-core systems, parallelization is necessary to fully utilize the hardware.
-For tips on how to fuzz a common target on multiple cores or multiple networked
-machines, please refer to [docs/parallel_fuzzing.md](docs/parallel_fuzzing.md).
-
-The parallel fuzzing mode also offers a simple way for interfacing AFL to other
-fuzzers, to symbolic or concolic execution engines, and so forth; again, see the
-last section of [docs/parallel_fuzzing.md](docs/parallel_fuzzing.md) for tips.
-
-## Fuzzer dictionaries
-
-By default, afl-fuzz mutation engine is optimized for compact data formats -
-say, images, multimedia, compressed data, regular expression syntax, or shell
-scripts. It is somewhat less suited for languages with particularly verbose and
-redundant verbiage - notably including HTML, SQL, or JavaScript.
-
-To avoid the hassle of building syntax-aware tools, afl-fuzz provides a way to
-seed the fuzzing process with an optional dictionary of language keywords,
-magic headers, or other special tokens associated with the targeted data type
--- and use that to reconstruct the underlying grammar on the go:
-
-  [http://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2015/01/afl-fuzz-making-up-grammar-with.html](http://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2015/01/afl-fuzz-making-up-grammar-with.html)
-
-To use this feature, you first need to create a dictionary in one of the two
-formats discussed in [dictionaries/README.md](dictionaries/README.md);
-and then point the fuzzer to it via the -x option in the command line.
-
-(Several common dictionaries are already provided in that subdirectory, too.)
-
-There is no way to provide more structured descriptions of the underlying
-syntax, but the fuzzer will likely figure out some of this based on the
-instrumentation feedback alone. This actually works in practice, say:
-
-  [http://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2015/04/finding-bugs-in-sqlite-easy-way.html](http://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2015/04/finding-bugs-in-sqlite-easy-way.html)
-
-PS. Even when no explicit dictionary is given, afl-fuzz will try to extract
-existing syntax tokens in the input corpus by watching the instrumentation
-very closely during deterministic byte flips. This works for some types of
-parsers and grammars but isn't nearly as good as the -x mode.
-
-If a dictionary is really hard to come by, another option is to let AFL run
-for a while and then use the token capture library that comes as a companion
-utility with AFL. For that, see [libtokencap/README.md](libtokencap/README.tokencap.md).
-
-## Crash triage
-
-The coverage-based grouping of crashes usually produces a small data set that
-can be quickly triaged manually or with a very simple GDB or Valgrind script.
-Every crash is also traceable to its parent non-crashing test case in the
-queue, making it easier to diagnose faults.
-
-Having said that, it's important to acknowledge that some fuzzing crashes can be
-difficult to quickly evaluate for exploitability without a lot of debugging and
-code analysis work. To assist with this task, afl-fuzz supports a very unique
-"crash exploration" mode enabled with the -C flag.
-
-In this mode, the fuzzer takes one or more crashing test cases as the input
-and uses its feedback-driven fuzzing strategies to very quickly enumerate all
-code paths that can be reached in the program while keeping it in the
-crashing state.
-
-Mutations that do not result in a crash are rejected; so are any changes that
-do not affect the execution path.
-
-The output is a small corpus of files that can be very rapidly examined to see
-what degree of control the attacker has over the faulting address, or whether
-it is possible to get past an initial out-of-bounds read - and see what lies
-beneath.
-
-Oh, one more thing: for test case minimization, give afl-tmin a try. The tool
-can be operated in a very simple way:
-
-```shell
-$ ./afl-tmin -i test_case -o minimized_result -- /path/to/program [...]
-```
-
-The tool works with crashing and non-crashing test cases alike. In the crash
-mode, it will happily accept instrumented and non-instrumented binaries. In the
-non-crashing mode, the minimizer relies on standard AFL instrumentation to make
-the file simpler without altering the execution path.
-
-The minimizer accepts the -m, -t, -f and @@ syntax in a manner compatible with
-afl-fuzz.
-
-Another recent addition to AFL is the afl-analyze tool. It takes an input
-file, attempts to sequentially flip bytes, and observes the behavior of the
-tested program. It then color-codes the input based on which sections appear to
-be critical, and which are not; while not bulletproof, it can often offer quick
-insights into complex file formats. More info about its operation can be found
-near the end of [docs/technical_details.md](docs/technical_details.md).
-
-## Going beyond crashes
-
-Fuzzing is a wonderful and underutilized technique for discovering non-crashing
-design and implementation errors, too. Quite a few interesting bugs have been
-found by modifying the target programs to call abort() when say:
-
-  - Two bignum libraries produce different outputs when given the same
-    fuzzer-generated input,
-
-  - An image library produces different outputs when asked to decode the same
-    input image several times in a row,
-
-  - A serialization / deserialization library fails to produce stable outputs
-    when iteratively serializing and deserializing fuzzer-supplied data,
-
-  - A compression library produces an output inconsistent with the input file
-    when asked to compress and then decompress a particular blob.
-
-Implementing these or similar sanity checks usually takes very little time;
-if you are the maintainer of a particular package, you can make this code
-conditional with `#ifdef FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION` (a flag also
-shared with libfuzzer) or `#ifdef __AFL_COMPILER` (this one is just for AFL).
-
-## Common-sense risks
-
-Please keep in mind that, similarly to many other computationally-intensive
-tasks, fuzzing may put a strain on your hardware and on the OS. In particular:
-
-  - Your CPU will run hot and will need adequate cooling. In most cases, if
-    cooling is insufficient or stops working properly, CPU speeds will be
-    automatically throttled. That said, especially when fuzzing on less
-    suitable hardware (laptops, smartphones, etc), it's not entirely impossible
-    for something to blow up.
-
-  - Targeted programs may end up erratically grabbing gigabytes of memory or
-    filling up disk space with junk files. AFL tries to enforce basic memory
-    limits, but can't prevent each and every possible mishap. The bottom line
-    is that you shouldn't be fuzzing on systems where the prospect of data loss
-    is not an acceptable risk.
-
-  - Fuzzing involves billions of reads and writes to the filesystem. On modern
-    systems, this will be usually heavily cached, resulting in fairly modest
-    "physical" I/O - but there are many factors that may alter this equation.
-    It is your responsibility to monitor for potential trouble; with very heavy
-    I/O, the lifespan of many HDDs and SSDs may be reduced.
-
-    A good way to monitor disk I/O on Linux is the 'iostat' command:
-
-```shell
-    $ iostat -d 3 -x -k [...optional disk ID...]
-```
-
-## Known limitations & areas for improvement
-
-Here are some of the most important caveats for AFL:
-
-  - AFL detects faults by checking for the first spawned process dying due to
-    a signal (SIGSEGV, SIGABRT, etc). Programs that install custom handlers for
-    these signals may need to have the relevant code commented out. In the same
-    vein, faults in child processes spawned by the fuzzed target may evade
-    detection unless you manually add some code to catch that.
-
-  - As with any other brute-force tool, the fuzzer offers limited coverage if
-    encryption, checksums, cryptographic signatures, or compression are used to
-    wholly wrap the actual data format to be tested.
-
-    To work around this, you can comment out the relevant checks (see
-    examples/libpng_no_checksum/ for inspiration); if this is not possible,
-    you can also write a postprocessor, as explained in
-    examples/post_library/ (with AFL_POST_LIBRARY)
-
-  - There are some unfortunate trade-offs with ASAN and 64-bit binaries. This
-    isn't due to any specific fault of afl-fuzz; see [docs/notes_for_asan.md](docs/notes_for_asan.md)
-    for tips.
-
-  - There is no direct support for fuzzing network services, background
-    daemons, or interactive apps that require UI interaction to work. You may
-    need to make simple code changes to make them behave in a more traditional
-    way. Preeny may offer a relatively simple option, too - see:
-    [https://github.com/zardus/preeny](https://github.com/zardus/preeny)
-
-    Some useful tips for modifying network-based services can be also found at:
-    [https://www.fastly.com/blog/how-to-fuzz-server-american-fuzzy-lop](https://www.fastly.com/blog/how-to-fuzz-server-american-fuzzy-lop)
-
-  - AFL doesn't output human-readable coverage data. If you want to monitor
-    coverage, use afl-cov from Michael Rash: [https://github.com/mrash/afl-cov](https://github.com/mrash/afl-cov)
-
-  - Occasionally, sentient machines rise against their creators. If this
-    happens to you, please consult [http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/prep/](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/prep/).
-
-Beyond this, see INSTALL for platform-specific tips.
-
-## Special thanks
-
-Many of the improvements to the original afl and afl++ wouldn't be possible
-without feedback, bug reports, or patches from:
-
-```
-  Jann Horn                             Hanno Boeck
-  Felix Groebert                        Jakub Wilk
-  Richard W. M. Jones                   Alexander Cherepanov
-  Tom Ritter                            Hovik Manucharyan
-  Sebastian Roschke                     Eberhard Mattes
-  Padraig Brady                         Ben Laurie
-  @dronesec                             Luca Barbato
-  Tobias Ospelt                         Thomas Jarosch
-  Martin Carpenter                      Mudge Zatko
-  Joe Zbiciak                           Ryan Govostes
-  Michael Rash                          William Robinet
-  Jonathan Gray                         Filipe Cabecinhas
-  Nico Weber                            Jodie Cunningham
-  Andrew Griffiths                      Parker Thompson
-  Jonathan Neuschaefer                  Tyler Nighswander
-  Ben Nagy                              Samir Aguiar
-  Aidan Thornton                        Aleksandar Nikolich
-  Sam Hakim                             Laszlo Szekeres
-  David A. Wheeler                      Turo Lamminen
-  Andreas Stieger                       Richard Godbee
-  Louis Dassy                           teor2345
-  Alex Moneger                          Dmitry Vyukov
-  Keegan McAllister                     Kostya Serebryany
-  Richo Healey                          Martijn Bogaard
-  rc0r                                  Jonathan Foote
-  Christian Holler                      Dominique Pelle
-  Jacek Wielemborek                     Leo Barnes
-  Jeremy Barnes                         Jeff Trull
-  Guillaume Endignoux                   ilovezfs
-  Daniel Godas-Lopez                    Franjo Ivancic
-  Austin Seipp                          Daniel Komaromy
-  Daniel Binderman                      Jonathan Metzman
-  Vegard Nossum                         Jan Kneschke
-  Kurt Roeckx                           Marcel Boehme
-  Van-Thuan Pham                        Abhik Roychoudhury
-  Joshua J. Drake                       Toby Hutton
-  Rene Freingruber                      Sergey Davidoff
-  Sami Liedes                           Craig Young
-  Andrzej Jackowski                     Daniel Hodson
-  Nathan Voss                           Dominik Maier
-  Andrea Biondo                         Vincent Le Garrec
-  Khaled Yakdan                         Kuang-che Wu
-  Josephine Calliotte                   Konrad Welc
-```
-
-Thank you!
-(For people sending pull requests - please add yourself to this list :-)
+6. We cannot stress this enough - if you want to fuzz effectively, read the
+   [docs/fuzzing_in_depth.md](docs/fuzzing_in_depth.md) document!
 
 ## Contact
 
-Questions? Concerns? Bug reports? The contributors can be reached via
-[https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus)
+Questions? Concerns? Bug reports?
 
-There is also a mailing list for the afl project; to join, send a mail to
-<afl-users+subscribe@googlegroups.com>. Or, if you prefer to browse
-archives first, try: [https://groups.google.com/group/afl-users](https://groups.google.com/group/afl-users)
+* The contributors can be reached via (e.g., by creating an issue):
+  [https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus).
+* Take a look at our [FAQ](docs/FAQ.md). If you find an interesting or important
+  question missing, submit it via
+  [https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/discussions](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/discussions).
+* Best: join the [Awesome Fuzzing](https://discord.gg/gCraWct) Discord server.
+* There is a (not really used) mailing list for the AFL/AFL++ project
+  ([browse archive](https://groups.google.com/group/afl-users)). To compare
+  notes with other users or to get notified about major new features, send an
+  email to <afl-users+subscribe@googlegroups.com>, but note that this is not
+  managed by us.
+
+## Branches
+
+The following branches exist:
+
+* [release](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/tree/release): the latest
+  release
+* [stable/trunk](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/): stable state of
+  AFL++ - it is synced from dev from time to time when we are satisfied with its
+  stability
+* [dev](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/tree/dev): development state
+  of AFL++ - bleeding edge and you might catch a checkout which does not compile
+  or has a bug. **We only accept PRs (pull requests) for the 'dev' branch!**
+* (any other): experimental branches to work on specific features or testing new
+  functionality or changes.
+
+## Help wanted
+
+We have several [ideas](docs/ideas.md) we would like to see in AFL++ to make it
+even better. However, we already work on so many things that we do not have the
+time for all the big ideas.
+
+This can be your way to support and contribute to AFL++ - extend it to do
+something cool.
+
+For everyone who wants to contribute (and send pull requests), please read our
+[contributing guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) before you submit.
+
+## Special thanks
+
+Many of the improvements to the original AFL and AFL++ wouldn't be possible
+without feedback, bug reports, or patches from our contributors.
+
+Thank you! (For people sending pull requests - please add yourself to this list
+:-)
+
+<details>
+
+  <summary>List of contributors</summary>
+
+  ```
+    Jann Horn                             Hanno Boeck
+    Felix Groebert                        Jakub Wilk
+    Richard W. M. Jones                   Alexander Cherepanov
+    Tom Ritter                            Hovik Manucharyan
+    Sebastian Roschke                     Eberhard Mattes
+    Padraig Brady                         Ben Laurie
+    @dronesec                             Luca Barbato
+    Tobias Ospelt                         Thomas Jarosch
+    Martin Carpenter                      Mudge Zatko
+    Joe Zbiciak                           Ryan Govostes
+    Michael Rash                          William Robinet
+    Jonathan Gray                         Filipe Cabecinhas
+    Nico Weber                            Jodie Cunningham
+    Andrew Griffiths                      Parker Thompson
+    Jonathan Neuschaefer                  Tyler Nighswander
+    Ben Nagy                              Samir Aguiar
+    Aidan Thornton                        Aleksandar Nikolich
+    Sam Hakim                             Laszlo Szekeres
+    David A. Wheeler                      Turo Lamminen
+    Andreas Stieger                       Richard Godbee
+    Louis Dassy                           teor2345
+    Alex Moneger                          Dmitry Vyukov
+    Keegan McAllister                     Kostya Serebryany
+    Richo Healey                          Martijn Bogaard
+    rc0r                                  Jonathan Foote
+    Christian Holler                      Dominique Pelle
+    Jacek Wielemborek                     Leo Barnes
+    Jeremy Barnes                         Jeff Trull
+    Guillaume Endignoux                   ilovezfs
+    Daniel Godas-Lopez                    Franjo Ivancic
+    Austin Seipp                          Daniel Komaromy
+    Daniel Binderman                      Jonathan Metzman
+    Vegard Nossum                         Jan Kneschke
+    Kurt Roeckx                           Marcel Boehme
+    Van-Thuan Pham                        Abhik Roychoudhury
+    Joshua J. Drake                       Toby Hutton
+    Rene Freingruber                      Sergey Davidoff
+    Sami Liedes                           Craig Young
+    Andrzej Jackowski                     Daniel Hodson
+    Nathan Voss                           Dominik Maier
+    Andrea Biondo                         Vincent Le Garrec
+    Khaled Yakdan                         Kuang-che Wu
+    Josephine Calliotte                   Konrad Welc
+    Thomas Rooijakkers                    David Carlier
+    Ruben ten Hove                        Joey Jiao
+    fuzzah                                @intrigus-lgtm
+    Yaakov Saxon                          Sergej Schumilo
+  ```
+
+</details>
+
+## Cite
+
+If you use AFL++ in scientific work, consider citing
+[our paper](https://www.usenix.org/conference/woot20/presentation/fioraldi)
+presented at WOOT'20:
+
+    Andrea Fioraldi, Dominik Maier, Heiko Eißfeldt, and Marc Heuse. “AFL++: Combining incremental steps of fuzzing research”. In 14th USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies (WOOT 20). USENIX Association, Aug. 2020.
+
+<details>
+
+<summary>BibTeX</summary>
+
+  ```bibtex
+  @inproceedings {AFLplusplus-Woot20,
+  author = {Andrea Fioraldi and Dominik Maier and Heiko Ei{\ss}feldt and Marc Heuse},
+  title = {{AFL++}: Combining Incremental Steps of Fuzzing Research},
+  booktitle = {14th {USENIX} Workshop on Offensive Technologies ({WOOT} 20)},
+  year = {2020},
+  publisher = {{USENIX} Association},
+  month = aug,
+  }
+  ```
+
+</details>

TODO.md

@@ -1,43 +1,50 @@
 # TODO list for AFL++
 
-## Roadmap 2.65
+## Must
 
- - AFL_MAP_SIZE for afl-llvm-pass, qemu_mode and unicorn_mode
- - fix stability calculation bug
- - random crc32 HASH_CONST per run? because with 65536 paths we have collisions
- - namespace for targets? e.g. network
- - libradamsa as a custom module?
+ - fast restart of afl-fuzz if cmdline + target hash is the same
+ - check for null ptr for xml/curl/g_ string transform functions
+ - hardened_usercopy=0 page_alloc.shuffle=0
+ - add value_profile but only enable after 15 minutes without finds
+ - cmplog max items env?
+ - adapt MOpt to new mutation engine
+   - Update afl->pending_not_fuzzed for MOpt
+ - cmplog rtn sanity check on fixed length? currently we ignore the length
+ - afl-showmap -f support
+ - afl-fuzz multicore wrapper script
+ - when trimming then perform crash detection
+
+
+## Should
+
+ - afl-crash-analysis
+ - cmplog: add loop count resolving (byte -> loop cnt change, calc special values)
+ - support persistent and deferred fork server in afl-showmap?
+ - better autodetection of shifting runtime timeout values
+ - afl-plot to support multiple plot_data
+ - parallel builds for source-only targets
+ - get rid of check_binary, replace with more forkserver communication
+ - first fuzzer should be a main automatically? not sure.
+
+## Maybe
+
+ - forkserver tells afl-fuzz if cmplog is supported and if so enable
+   it by default, with AFL_CMPLOG_NO=1 (?) set to skip?
+ - afl_custom_splice()
+ - cmdline option from-to range for mutations
 
 ## Further down the road
 
-afl-fuzz:
- - sync_fuzzers(): only masters sync from all, slaves only sync from master
-   (@andrea: be careful, often people run all slaves)
- - ascii_only mode for mutation output
- - setting min_len/max_len/start_offset/end_offset limits for mutation output
-
-llvm_mode:
- - added context sensitive branch coverage
- - add CT cov and ngram cov to LTO and InsTrim
- - better whitelist solution for LTO
-
-gcc_plugin:
- - laf-intel
- - better instrumentation (seems to be better with gcc-9+)
-
-qemu_mode:
- - update to 4.x (probably this will be skipped :( )
+QEMU mode/FRIDA mode:
  - non colliding instrumentation
- - instrim for QEMU mode via static analysis (with r2pipe? or angr?)
-   Idea: The static analyzer outputs a map in which each edge that must be
-   skipped is marked with 1. QEMU loads it at startup in the parent process.
  - rename qemu specific envs to AFL_QEMU (AFL_ENTRYPOINT, AFL_CODE_START/END,
    AFL_COMPCOV_LEVEL?)
- - add AFL_QEMU_EXITPOINT (maybe multiple?), maybe pointless as we have
-   persistent mode
- - add/implement AFL_QEMU_INST_LIBLIST and AFL_QEMU_NOINST_PROGRAM
- - add/implement AFL_QEMU_INST_REGIONS as a list of _START/_END addresses
+ - add AFL_QEMU_EXITPOINT (maybe multiple?)
 
-custom_mutators:
- - rip what Superion is doing into custom mutators for js, php, etc.
+## Ideas
 
+ - LTO/sancov: write current edge to prev_loc and use that information when
+   using cmplog or __sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp*. maybe we can deduct by follow up
+   edge numbers that both following cmp paths have been found and then disable
+   working on this edge id -> cmplog_intelligence branch
+ - use cmplog colorization taint result for havoc locations?

afl-addseeds

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test -z "$1" -o "$1" = "-h" -o "$1" = "--help" && {
+  echo Syntax: afl-addseeds -o afl-out-dir [-i seed_file_or_dir] seed_file_or_seed_dir seed_file_or_seed_dir ...
+  echo
+  echo Options:
+  echo "  -o afl-out-dir       the output directory being used in the fuzzing campaign"
+  echo "  -i seed_file_or_dir  file or directory of files to add"
+  echo
+  echo Adds new seeds to an existing AFL++ fuzzing campaign.
+  exit 0
+}
+
+for TOOL in find ls; do
+  X=`which $TOOL`
+  test -n "$X" || { echo "Error: required tool '$TOOL' not found."; exit 1; }
+done
+
+TEST=`printf %06d 123 2>/dev/null`
+test "$TEST" = "000123" || { echo "Error: required tool 'printf' not found."; exit 1; }
+
+OUT=
+NEXT=
+for i in $*; do
+  test -n "$NEXT" && { OUT=$i ; NEXT=""; }
+  test "$i" = "-o" && { NEXT=1; }
+done
+
+test -d "$OUT" || { echo Error: $OUT is not an existing directory; exit 1; }
+OK=`ls $OUT/*/fuzzer_stats 2>/dev/null`
+test -n "$OK" || { echo "Error: $OUT is not an 'afl-fuzz -o ... ' output directory" ; exit 1; }
+
+OUTDIR=$OUT/addseeds/queue
+mkdir -p "$OUTDIR" 2>/dev/null
+test -d "$OUTDIR" || { echo Error: could not create $OUTDIR ; exit 1 ; }
+
+echo Adding seeds ...
+NEXTID=0
+for i in $*; do
+  test -z "$i" -o "$i" = "$OUT" -o "$i" = "-i" -o "$i" = "-o" || {
+    find "$i" -type f | while read FILE; do
+      N=xxx
+      while [ -n "$N" ]; do
+        ID=$NEXTID
+        N=`ls "$OUTDIR/id:$(printf %06d $ID),"* 2>/dev/null`
+        NEXTID=$(($NEXTID + 1))
+      done
+      FN=`echo "$FILE" | sed 's/.*\///'`
+      cp -v "$FILE" "$OUTDIR/id:$(printf %06d $ID),time:0,execs:0,orig:$FN"
+    done
+  }
+done
+
+echo Done.

afl-cmin

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env sh
+SYS=$(uname -s)
+test "$SYS" = "Darwin" && {
+  echo Error: afl-cmin does not work on Apple currently. please use afl-cmin.bash instead.
+  exit 1
+}
 export AFL_QUIET=1
 export ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0
 THISPATH=`dirname ${0}`
 export PATH="${THISPATH}:$PATH"
 awk -f - -- ${@+"$@"} <<'EOF'
 #!/usr/bin/awk -f
-
 # awk script to minimize a test corpus of input files
 #
 # based on afl-cmin bash script written by Michal Zalewski
-# rewritten by Heiko Eißfeldt (hexcoder-)
+# rewritten by Heiko Eissfeldt (hexcoder-)
 # tested with:
 #   gnu awk (x86 Linux)
 #   bsd awk (x86 *BSD)
@@ -103,23 +107,38 @@ function usage() {
 "  -o dir        - output directory for minimized files\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Execution control settings:\n" \
-"  -f file       - location read by the fuzzed program (stdin)\n" \
+"  -T tasks      - how many parallel tasks to run (default: 1, all=nproc)\n" \
+"  -f file       - location read by the fuzzed program (default: stdin)\n" \
 "  -m megs       - memory limit for child process ("mem_limit" MB)\n" \
-"  -t msec       - run time limit for child process (none)\n" \
+"  -t msec       - run time limit for child process (default: 5000)\n" \
+"  -O            - use binary-only instrumentation (FRIDA mode)\n" \
 "  -Q            - use binary-only instrumentation (QEMU mode)\n" \
 "  -U            - use unicorn-based instrumentation (unicorn mode)\n" \
+"  -X            - use Nyx mode\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Minimization settings:\n" \
+"  -A            - allow crashes and timeouts (not recommended)\n" \
 "  -C            - keep crashing inputs, reject everything else\n" \
 "  -e            - solve for edge coverage only, ignore hit counts\n" \
 "\n" \
-"For additional tips, please consult docs/README.md\n" \
+"For additional tips, please consult README.md\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Environment variables used:\n" \
+"AFL_CRASH_EXITCODE: optional child exit code to be interpreted as crash\n" \
+"AFL_FORKSRV_INIT_TMOUT: time the fuzzer waits for the forkserver to come up\n" \
 "AFL_KEEP_TRACES: leave the temporary <out_dir>/.traces directory\n" \
-"AFL_PATH: path for the afl-showmap binary\n" \
-"AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK: skip check for target binary\n" \
-"AFL_ALLOW_TMP: allow unsafe use of input/output directories under {/var}/tmp\n"
+"AFL_KILL_SIGNAL: Signal delivered to child processes on timeout (default: SIGKILL)\n" \
+"AFL_FORK_SERVER_KILL_SIGNAL: Signal delivered to fork server processes on\n" \
+"   termination (default: SIGTERM). If this is not set and AFL_KILL_SIGNAL is\n" \
+"   set, this will be set to the same value as AFL_KILL_SIGNAL.\n" \
+"AFL_NO_FORKSRV: run target via execve instead of using the forkserver\n" \
+"AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY: write tuples for crashing inputs also\n" \
+"AFL_PATH: path for the afl-showmap binary if not found anywhere in PATH\n" \
+"AFL_PRINT_FILENAMES: If set, the filename currently processed will be " \
+      "printed to stdout\n" \
+"AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK: skip afl instrumentation checks for target binary\n"
+"AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_LIBRARY: custom mutator library (post_process and send)\n"
+"AFL_PYTHON_MODULE: custom mutator library (post_process and send)\n"
    exit 1
 }
 
@@ -128,20 +147,35 @@ function exists_and_is_executable(binarypath) {
 }
 
 BEGIN {
-  print "corpus minimization tool for afl++ (awk version)\n"
+  if (0 != system( "test -t 1")) {
+    redirected = 1
+  } else {
+    redirected = 0
+  }
+
+  print "corpus minimization tool for AFL++ (awk version)\n"
 
   # defaults
   extra_par = ""
+  AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY = ""
+  AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY = ""
+
   # process options
   Opterr = 1    # default is to diagnose
   Optind = 1    # skip ARGV[0]
-  while ((_go_c = getopt(ARGC, ARGV, "hi:o:f:m:t:eCQU?")) != -1) {
+  while ((_go_c = getopt(ARGC, ARGV, "hi:o:f:m:t:eACOQUXYT:?")) != -1) {
     if (_go_c == "i") {
       if (!Optarg) usage()
       if (in_dir) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
       in_dir = Optarg
       continue
     } else 
+    if (_go_c == "T") {
+      if (!Optarg) usage()
+      if (threads) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
+      threads = Optarg
+      continue
+    } else 
     if (_go_c == "o") {
       if (!Optarg) usage()
       if (out_dir) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
@@ -168,26 +202,40 @@ BEGIN {
       continue
     } else 
     if (_go_c == "C") {
-      ENVIRON["AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"] = 1
+      AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY = "AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY=1 "
+      continue
+    } else 
+    if (_go_c == "A") {
+      AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY = "AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 "
       continue
     } else 
     if (_go_c == "e") {
       extra_par = extra_par " -e"
       continue
     } else 
+    if (_go_c == "O") {
+      if (frida_mode) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
+      extra_par = extra_par " -O"
+      frida_mode = 1
+      continue
+    } else 
     if (_go_c == "Q") {
       if (qemu_mode) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
       extra_par = extra_par " -Q"
-      if ( !mem_limit_given ) mem_limit = "250"
       qemu_mode = 1
       continue
     } else 
     if (_go_c == "U") {
       if (unicorn_mode) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
       extra_par = extra_par " -U"
-      if ( !mem_limit_given ) mem_limit = "250"
       unicorn_mode = 1
       continue
+    } else
+    if (_go_c == "X" || _go_c == "Y") {
+      if (nyx_mode) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
+      extra_par = extra_par " -X"
+      nyx_mode = 1
+      continue
     } else 
     if (_go_c == "?") {
       exit 1
@@ -195,8 +243,8 @@ BEGIN {
       usage()
   } # while options
 
-  if (!mem_limit) mem_limit = 200
-  if (!timeout) timeout = "none"
+  if (!mem_limit) mem_limit = "none"
+  if (!timeout) timeout = "5000"
 
   # get program args
   i = 0
@@ -204,7 +252,7 @@ BEGIN {
   for (; Optind < ARGC; Optind++) {
     prog_args[i++] = ARGV[Optind]
     if (i > 1)
-      prog_args_string = prog_args_string" "ARGV[Optind]
+      prog_args_string = prog_args_string" '"ARGV[Optind]"'"
   }
 
   # sanity checks
@@ -223,15 +271,22 @@ BEGIN {
     "pwd" | getline dirlist[4] # current directory
     for (dirind in dirlist) {
       dir = dirlist[dirind]
-
       if (dir ~ /^(\/var)?\/tmp/) {
-        print "[-] Error: do not use this script in /tmp or /var/tmp." > "/dev/stderr"
-        exit 1
+        print "[-] Warning: do not use this script in /tmp or /var/tmp for security reasons." > "/dev/stderr"
       }
     }
     delete dirlist
   }
 
+  if (threads && stdin_file) {
+    print "[-] Error: -T and -f cannot be used together." > "/dev/stderr"
+    exit 1
+  }
+
+  if (!threads && !stdin_file && !nyx_mode) {
+    print "[*] Are you aware of the '-T all' parallelize option that improves the speed for large/slow corpuses?"
+  }
+
   # If @@ is specified, but there's no -f, let's come up with a temporary input
   # file name.
 
@@ -240,7 +295,7 @@ BEGIN {
   if (!stdin_file) {
     found_atat = 0
     for (prog_args_ind in prog_args) {
-      if ("@@" == prog_args[prog_args_ind]) {
+      if (match(prog_args[prog_args_ind], "@@") != 0) {
         found_atat = 1
         break
       }
@@ -262,9 +317,12 @@ BEGIN {
     exit 1
   }
 
-  if (target_bin && !exists_and_is_executable(target_bin)) {
 
-    "command -v "target_bin" 2>/dev/null" | getline tnew
+  if (!nyx_mode && target_bin && !exists_and_is_executable(target_bin)) {
+
+    cmd = "command -v "target_bin" 2>/dev/null"
+    cmd | getline tnew
+    close(cmd)
     if (!tnew || !exists_and_is_executable(tnew)) {
       print "[-] Error: binary '"target_bin"' not found or not executable." > "/dev/stderr"
       exit 1
@@ -272,7 +330,18 @@ BEGIN {
     target_bin = tnew
   }
 
-  if (!ENVIRON["AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK"] && !qemu_mode && !unicorn_mode) {
+  if (0 == system ( "grep -aq AFL_DUMP_MAP_SIZE " target_bin )) {
+    echo "[!] Trying to obtain the map size of the target ..."
+    get_map_size = "AFL_DUMP_MAP_SIZE=1 " target_bin
+    get_map_size | getline mapsize
+    close(get_map_size)
+    if (mapsize && mapsize > 65535 && mapsize < 100000000) {
+      AFL_MAP_SIZE = "AFL_MAP_SIZE="mapsize" "
+      print "[+] Setting "AFL_MAP_SIZE
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!ENVIRON["AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK"] && !qemu_mode && !frida_mode && !unicorn_mode && !nyx_mode) {
     if (0 != system( "grep -q __AFL_SHM_ID "target_bin )) {
       print "[-] Error: binary '"target_bin"' doesn't appear to be instrumented." > "/dev/stderr"
       exit 1
@@ -284,19 +353,39 @@ BEGIN {
     exit 1
   }
 
-  if (0 == system( "test -d "in_dir"/queue" )) {
-    in_dir = in_dir "/queue"
-  }
+  #if (0 == system( "test -d "in_dir"/default" )) {
+  #  in_dir = in_dir "/default"
+  #}
+  #
+  #if (0 == system( "test -d "in_dir"/queue" )) {
+  #  in_dir = in_dir "/queue"
+  #}
 
   system("rm -rf "trace_dir" 2>/dev/null");
   system("rm "out_dir"/id[:_]* 2>/dev/null")
 
-  "ls "out_dir"/* 2>/dev/null | wc -l" | getline noofentries
+  cmd = "ls "out_dir"/* 2>/dev/null | wc -l"
+  cmd | getline noofentries
+  close(cmd)
   if (0 == system( "test -d "out_dir" -a "noofentries" -gt 0" )) {
     print "[-] Error: directory '"out_dir"' exists and is not empty - delete it first." > "/dev/stderr"
     exit 1
   }
 
+  if (threads) {
+    cmd = "nproc"
+    cmd | getline nproc
+    close(cmd)
+    if (threads == "all") {
+      threads = nproc
+    } else {
+      if (!(threads > 1 && threads <= nproc)) {
+        print "[-] Error: -T option must be between 1 and "nproc" or \"all\"." > "/dev/stderr"
+        exit 1
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   # Check for the more efficient way to copy files...
   if (0 != system("mkdir -p -m 0700 "trace_dir)) {
     print "[-] Error: Cannot create directory "trace_dir > "/dev/stderr"
@@ -306,17 +395,23 @@ BEGIN {
   if (stdin_file) {
     # truncate input file
     printf "" > stdin_file
-    close( stdin_file )
+    close(stdin_file)
   }
 
-  if (!ENVIRON["AFL_PATH"]) {
-    if (0 == system("test -f afl-cmin")) {
+  # First we look in PATH
+  if (0 == system("command -v afl-showmap >/dev/null 2>&1")) {
+    cmd = "command -v afl-showmap 2>/dev/null"
+    cmd | getline showmap
+    close(cmd)
+  } else {
+    # then we look in the current directory
+    if (0 == system("test -x ./afl-showmap")) {
       showmap = "./afl-showmap"
     } else {
-      "command -v afl-showmap 2>/dev/null" | getline showmap
+      if (ENVIRON["AFL_PATH"]) {
+        showmap = ENVIRON["AFL_PATH"] "/afl-showmap"
+      }
     }
-  } else {
-    showmap = ENVIRON["AFL_PATH"] "/afl-showmap"
   }
 
   if (!showmap || 0 != system("test -x "showmap )) {
@@ -329,62 +424,80 @@ BEGIN {
   # yuck, gnu stat is option incompatible to bsd stat
   # we use a heuristic to differentiate between
   # GNU stat and other stats
-  "stat --version 2>/dev/null" | getline statversion
-  if (statversion ~ /GNU coreutils/) {
+  cmd = "stat --version 2>/dev/null"
+  cmd | getline statversion
+  close(cmd)
+  if (statversion ~ /GNU coreutils/ || statversion ~ /BusyBox/) {
     stat_format = "-c '%s %n'" # GNU
   } else {
     stat_format = "-f '%z %N'" # *BSD, MacOS
   }
-  cmdline = "cd "in_dir" && find . \\( ! -name . -a -type d -prune \\) -o -type f -exec stat "stat_format" \\{\\} \\; | sort -k1n -k2r"
-  cmdline = "ls "in_dir" | (cd "in_dir" && xargs stat "stat_format") | sort -k1n -k2r"
+  cmdline = "(cd "in_dir" && find . \\( ! -name \".*\" -a -type d \\) -o -type f -exec stat "stat_format" \\{\\} + | sort -k1n -k2r) | grep -Ev '^0'"
+  #cmdline = "ls "in_dir" | (cd "in_dir" && xargs stat "stat_format" 2>/dev/null) | sort -k1n -k2r"
+  #cmdline = "(cd "in_dir" && stat "stat_format" *) | sort -k1n -k2r"
+  #cmdline = "(cd "in_dir" && ls | xargs stat "stat_format" ) | sort -k1n -k2r"
   while (cmdline | getline) {
     sub(/^[0-9]+ (\.\/)?/,"",$0)
-    infilesSmallToBig[i++] = $0
+    infilesSmallToBigFull[i] = $0
+    sub(/.*\//, "", $0)
+    infilesSmallToBig[i] = $0
+    infilesSmallToBigMap[infilesSmallToBig[i]] = infilesSmallToBigFull[i]
+    infilesSmallToBigFullMap[infilesSmallToBigFull[i]] = infilesSmallToBig[i]
+    i++
   }
+  close(cmdline)
   in_count = i
 
-  first_file = infilesSmallToBig[0]
+  first_file = infilesSmallToBigFull[0]
   
-  # Make sure that we're not dealing with a directory.
+  #if (0 == system("test -d ""\""in_dir"/"first_file"\"")) {
+  #  print "[-] Error: The input directory is empty or contains subdirectories - please fix." > "/dev/stderr"
+  #  exit 1
+  #}
 
-  if (0 == system("test -d "in_dir"/"first_file)) {
-    print "[-] Error: The input directory contains subdirectories - please fix." > "/dev/stderr"
-    exit 1
-  }
-
-  if (0 == system("ln "in_dir"/"first_file" "trace_dir"/.link_test")) {
+  system(">\""in_dir"/.afl-cmin.test\"")
+  if (0 == system("ln \""in_dir"/.afl-cmin.test\" "trace_dir"/.link_test")) {
     cp_tool = "ln"
   } else {
     cp_tool = "cp"
   }
+  system("rm -f \""in_dir"/.afl-cmin.test\"")
 
-  # Make sure that we can actually get anything out of afl-showmap before we
-  # waste too much time.
+  if (!ENVIRON["AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK"]) {
+    # Make sure that we can actually get anything out of afl-showmap before we
+    # waste too much time.
 
-  print "[*] Testing the target binary..."
+    print "[*] Testing the target binary..."
 
-  if (!stdin_file) {
-    system( "AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 \""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"/.run_test\" -Z "extra_par" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" <\""in_dir"/"first_file"\"")
-  } else {
-    system("cp "in_dir"/"first_file" "stdin_file)
-    system( "AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 \""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"/.run_test\" -Z "extra_par" -A \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null")
-  }
-
-  first_count = 0
-
-  runtest = trace_dir"/.run_test"
-  while ((getline < runtest) > 0) {
-    ++first_count
-  }
-
-  if (first_count) {
-    print "[+] OK, "first_count" tuples recorded."
-  } else {
-    print "[-] Error: no instrumentation output detected (perhaps crash or timeout)." > "/dev/stderr"
-    if (!ENVIRON["AFL_KEEP_TRACES"]) {
-      system("rm -rf "trace_dir" 2>/dev/null")
+    if (!stdin_file) {
+      system(AFL_MAP_SIZE "AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 "AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"/.run_test\" -Z "extra_par" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" <\""in_dir"/"first_file"\"")
+    } else {
+      system("cp \""in_dir"/"first_file"\" "stdin_file)
+      system(AFL_MAP_SIZE "AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 "AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"/.run_test\" -Z "extra_par" -H \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null")
     }
-    exit 1
+
+    first_count = 0
+
+    runtest = trace_dir"/.run_test"
+    while ((getline < runtest) > 0) {
+      ++first_count
+    }
+    close(runtest)
+
+    if (first_count) {
+      print "[+] OK, "first_count" tuples recorded."
+    } else {
+      print "[-] Error: no instrumentation output detected (perhaps crash or timeout)." > "/dev/stderr"
+      if (!ENVIRON["AFL_KEEP_TRACES"]) {
+        system("rm -rf "trace_dir" 2>/dev/null")
+      }
+      exit 1
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (in_count < threads) {
+    threads = in_count
+    print "[!] WARNING: less inputs than threads, reducing threads to "threads" and likely the overhead of threading makes things slower..."
   }
 
   # Let's roll!
@@ -393,25 +506,79 @@ BEGIN {
   # STEP 1: Collecting traces #
   #############################
 
+  if (threads) {
+
+    inputsperfile = int(in_count / threads)
+    if (in_count % threads) {
+      inputsperfile++;
+    }
+
+    cnt = 0;
+    tmpfile=out_dir "/.filelist"
+    for (instance = 1; instance < threads; instance++) {
+      for (i = 0; i < inputsperfile; i++) {
+        print in_dir"/"infilesSmallToBigFull[cnt] >> tmpfile"."instance
+        cnt++
+      }
+    }
+    for (; cnt < in_count; cnt++) {
+      print in_dir"/"infilesSmallToBigFull[cnt] >> tmpfile"."threads
+    }
+
+  }
+
   print "[*] Obtaining traces for "in_count" input files in '"in_dir"'."
 
   cur = 0;
-  if (!stdin_file) {
-    print "    Processing "in_count" files (forkserver mode)..."
-    retval = system( "AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 \""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -i \""in_dir"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string)
-  } else {
-    print "    Processing "in_count" files (forkserver mode)..."
-    retval = system( "AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 \""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -i \""in_dir"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null")
-  }
 
-  if (retval) {
-    print "[!]Exit code != 0 received from afl-showmap, terminating..."
+  if (threads > 1) {
 
-    if (!ENVIRON["AFL_KEEP_TRACES"]) {
-      system("rm -rf "trace_dir" 2>/dev/null")
-      system("rmdir "out_dir)
+    print "[*] Creating " threads " parallel tasks with about " inputsperfile " items each."
+    for (i = 1; i <= threads; i++) {
+
+      if (!stdin_file) {
+#        print " { "AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -I \""tmpfile"."i"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string"; > "tmpfile"."i".done ; } &"
+        retval = system(" { "AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -I \""tmpfile"."i"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string"; > "tmpfile"."i".done ; } &")
+      } else {
+        stdin_file=tmpfile"."i".stdin"
+#        print " { "AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -I \""tmpfile"."i"\" -H \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null; > "tmpfile"."i".done ; } &"
+        retval = system(" { "AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -I \""tmpfile"."i"\" -H \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null; > "tmpfile"."i".done ; } &")
+      }
     }
-    exit retval
+    print "[*] Waiting for parallel tasks to complete ..."
+    # wait for all processes to finish
+    ok=0
+    while (ok < threads) {
+      ok=0
+      for (i = 1; i <= threads; i++) {
+        if (system("test -f "tmpfile"."i".done") == 0) {
+          ok++
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    print "[*] Done!"
+    system("rm -f "tmpfile"*")
+  } else {
+    if (!stdin_file) {
+      print "    Processing "in_count" files (forkserver mode)..."
+#      print AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -i \""in_dir"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string
+      retval = system(AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -i \""in_dir"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string)
+    } else {
+      print "    Processing "in_count" files (forkserver mode)..."
+#    print AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -i \""in_dir"\" -H \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null"
+      retval = system(AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -i \""in_dir"\" -H \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null")
+    }
+
+    if (retval && (!AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY && !AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY)) {
+      print "[!] Exit code "retval" != 0 received from afl-showmap (this means a crashing or timeout input is likely present), terminating..."
+
+      if (!ENVIRON["AFL_KEEP_TRACES"]) {
+        system("rm -rf "trace_dir" 2>/dev/null")
+        system("rmdir "out_dir)
+      }
+      exit retval
+    }
+
   }
 
   #######################################################
@@ -431,9 +598,19 @@ BEGIN {
   while (cur < in_count) {
     fn = infilesSmallToBig[cur]
     ++cur
-    printf "\r    Processing file "cur"/"in_count
+    if (redirected == 0) { printf "\r    Processing file "cur"/"in_count }
+    else { print "    Processing file "cur"/"in_count }
     # create path for the trace file from afl-showmap
     tracefile_path = trace_dir"/"fn
+    # ensure the file size is not zero
+    cmd = "du -b \""tracefile_path"\""
+    # "ls -l \""tracefile_path"\""
+    cmd | getline output
+    close(cmd)
+    split(output, result, "\t")
+    if (result[1] == 0) {
+      print "[!] WARNING: file "fn" is crashing the target, ignoring..."
+    }
     # gather all keys, and count them
     while ((getline line < tracefile_path) > 0) {
         key = line
@@ -470,7 +647,9 @@ BEGIN {
     key = field[nrFields]
 
     ++tcnt;
-    printf "\r    Processing tuple "tcnt"/"tuple_count" with count "key_count[key]"..."
+    if (redirected == 0) { printf "\r    Processing tuple "tcnt"/"tuple_count" with count "key_count[key]"..." }
+    else { print "    Processing tuple "tcnt"/"tuple_count" with count "key_count[key]"..." }
+
     if (key in keyAlreadyKnown) {
       continue
     }
@@ -485,7 +664,8 @@ BEGIN {
 
     # copy file unless already done
     if (! (fn in file_already_copied)) {
-      system(cp_tool" "in_dir"/"fn" "out_dir"/"fn)
+      realfile = infilesSmallToBigMap[fn]
+      system(cp_tool" \""in_dir"/"realfile"\" \""out_dir"/"fn"\"")
       file_already_copied[fn] = ""
       ++out_count
       #printf "tuple nr %d (%d cnt=%d) -> %s\n",tcnt,key,key_count[key],fn > trace_dir"/.log"

afl-cmin.bash

@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@
 #
 # Copyright 2014, 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
 #
+# Copyright 2019-2024 AFLplusplus
+#
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 # You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 #
-#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 #
 # This tool tries to find the smallest subset of files in the input directory
 # that still trigger the full range of instrumentation data points seen in
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@
 # array sizes.
 #
 
-echo "corpus minimization tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski"
+echo "corpus minimization tool for afl-fuzz"
 echo
 
 #########
@@ -45,15 +47,15 @@ echo
 
 # Process command-line options...
 
-MEM_LIMIT=200
-TIMEOUT=none
+MEM_LIMIT=none
+TIMEOUT=5000
 
-unset IN_DIR OUT_DIR STDIN_FILE EXTRA_PAR MEM_LIMIT_GIVEN \
-  AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY QEMU_MODE UNICORN_MODE
+unset IN_DIR OUT_DIR STDIN_FILE EXTRA_PAR MEM_LIMIT_GIVEN F_ARG \
+  AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY QEMU_MODE UNICORN_MODE T_ARG
 
 export AFL_QUIET=1
 
-while getopts "+i:o:f:m:t:eQUCh" opt; do
+while getopts "+i:o:f:m:t:T:eOQUAChXY" opt; do
 
   case "$opt" in 
 
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ while getopts "+i:o:f:m:t:eQUCh" opt; do
          ;;
     "f")
          STDIN_FILE="$OPTARG"
+         F_ARG=1
          ;;
     "m")
          MEM_LIMIT="$OPTARG"
@@ -80,19 +83,35 @@ while getopts "+i:o:f:m:t:eQUCh" opt; do
     "e")
          EXTRA_PAR="$EXTRA_PAR -e"
          ;;
+    "A")
+         export AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1
+         ;;
     "C")
          export AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY=1
          ;;
+    "O")
+         EXTRA_PAR="$EXTRA_PAR -O"
+         FRIDA_MODE=1
+         ;;         
     "Q")
          EXTRA_PAR="$EXTRA_PAR -Q"
-         test "$MEM_LIMIT_GIVEN" = "" && MEM_LIMIT=250
          QEMU_MODE=1
          ;;
+    "Y")
+         EXTRA_PAR="$EXTRA_PAR -X"
+         NYX_MODE=1
+         ;;
+    "X")
+         EXTRA_PAR="$EXTRA_PAR -X"
+         NYX_MODE=1
+         ;;
     "U")
          EXTRA_PAR="$EXTRA_PAR -U"
-         test "$MEM_LIMIT_GIVEN" = "" && MEM_LIMIT=250
          UNICORN_MODE=1
          ;;    
+    "T")
+         T_ARG="$OPTARG"
+         ;;
     "?")
          exit 1
          ;;
@@ -117,24 +136,31 @@ Required parameters:
 
 Execution control settings:
 
-  -f file       - location read by the fuzzed program (stdin)
-  -m megs       - memory limit for child process ($MEM_LIMIT MB)
-  -t msec       - run time limit for child process (none)
+  -T tasks      - how many parallel processes to create (default=1, "all"=nproc)
+  -f file       - location read by the fuzzed program (default: stdin)
+  -m megs       - memory limit for child process (default=$MEM_LIMIT MB)
+  -t msec       - run time limit for child process (default: 5000ms)
+  -O            - use binary-only instrumentation (FRIDA mode)
   -Q            - use binary-only instrumentation (QEMU mode)
   -U            - use unicorn-based instrumentation (Unicorn mode)
+  -X            - use Nyx mode
   
 Minimization settings:
 
+  -A            - allow crashing and timeout inputs
   -C            - keep crashing inputs, reject everything else
   -e            - solve for edge coverage only, ignore hit counts
 
-For additional tips, please consult docs/README.md.
+For additional tips, please consult README.md.
+This script cannot read filenames that end with a space ' '.
 
 Environment variables used:
 AFL_KEEP_TRACES: leave the temporary <out_dir>\.traces directory
-AFL_PATH: path for the afl-showmap binary
+AFL_NO_FORKSRV: run target via execve instead of using the forkserver
+AFL_PATH: last resort location to find the afl-showmap binary
 AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK: skip check for target binary
-AFL_ALLOW_TMP: allow unsafe use of input/output directories under {/var}/tmp
+AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_LIBRARY: custom mutator library (post_process and send)
+AFL_PYTHON_MODULE: custom mutator library (post_process and send)
 _EOF_
   exit 1
 fi
@@ -160,8 +186,7 @@ if [ "$AFL_ALLOW_TMP" = "" ]; then
   T5="$?"
 
   if [ "$T1" = "0" -o "$T2" = "0" -o "$T3" = "0" -o "$T4" = "0" -o "$T5" = "0" ]; then
-    echo "[-] Error: do not use this script in /tmp or /var/tmp." 1>&2
-    exit 1
+    echo "[-] Warning: do not use this script in /tmp or /var/tmp for security reasons." 1>&2
   fi
 
 fi
@@ -181,6 +206,11 @@ fi
 
 # Check for obvious errors.
 
+if [ ! "$T_ARG" = "" -a -n "$F_ARG" -a ! "$NYX_MODE" == 1 ]; then
+  echo "[-] Error: -T and -f can not be used together." 1>&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
 if [ ! "$MEM_LIMIT" = "none" ]; then
 
   if [ "$MEM_LIMIT" -lt "5" ]; then
@@ -199,20 +229,32 @@ if [ ! "$TIMEOUT" = "none" ]; then
 
 fi
 
-if [ ! -f "$TARGET_BIN" -o ! -x "$TARGET_BIN" ]; then
+if [ "$NYX_MODE" = "" ]; then
+  if [ ! -f "$TARGET_BIN" -o ! -x "$TARGET_BIN" ]; then
 
-  TNEW="`which "$TARGET_BIN" 2>/dev/null`"
+    TNEW="`which "$TARGET_BIN" 2>/dev/null`"
+
+    if [ ! -f "$TNEW" -o ! -x "$TNEW" ]; then
+      echo "[-] Error: binary '$TARGET_BIN' not found or not executable." 1>&2
+      exit 1
+    fi
+
+    TARGET_BIN="$TNEW"
 
-  if [ ! -f "$TNEW" -o ! -x "$TNEW" ]; then
-    echo "[-] Error: binary '$TARGET_BIN' not found or not executable." 1>&2
-    exit 1
   fi
 
-  TARGET_BIN="$TNEW"
-
 fi
 
-if [ "$AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK" = "" -a "$QEMU_MODE" = "" -a "$UNICORN_MODE" = "" ]; then
+grep -aq AFL_DUMP_MAP_SIZE "$TARGET_BIN" && {
+  echo "[!] Trying to obtain the map size of the target ..."
+  MAPSIZE=`AFL_DUMP_MAP_SIZE=1 "./$TARGET_BIN" 2>/dev/null`
+  test -n "$MAPSIZE" && {
+    export AFL_MAP_SIZE=$MAPSIZE
+    echo "[+] Setting AFL_MAP_SIZE=$MAPSIZE"
+  }
+}
+
+if [ "$AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK" = "" -a "$QEMU_MODE" = "" -a "$FRIDA_MODE" = "" -a "$UNICORN_MODE" = "" -a "$NYX_MODE" = "" ]; then
 
   if ! grep -qF "__AFL_SHM_ID" "$TARGET_BIN"; then
     echo "[-] Error: binary '$TARGET_BIN' doesn't appear to be instrumented." 1>&2
@@ -226,6 +268,7 @@ if [ ! -d "$IN_DIR" ]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
+test -d "$IN_DIR/default" && IN_DIR="$IN_DIR/default"
 test -d "$IN_DIR/queue" && IN_DIR="$IN_DIR/queue"
 
 find "$OUT_DIR" -name 'id[:_]*' -maxdepth 1 -exec rm -- {} \; 2>/dev/null
@@ -245,10 +288,21 @@ if [ ! "$STDIN_FILE" = "" ]; then
   touch "$STDIN_FILE" || exit 1
 fi
 
-if [ "$AFL_PATH" = "" ]; then
-  SHOWMAP="${0%/afl-cmin}/afl-showmap"
+SHOWMAP=`command -v afl-showmap 2>/dev/null`
+
+if [ -z "$SHOWMAP" ]; then
+  TMP="${0%/afl-cmin.bash}/afl-showmap"
+  if [ -x "$TMP" ]; then
+    SHOWMAP=$TMP
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$SHOWMAP" -a -x "./afl-showmap" ]; then
+  SHOWMAP="./afl-showmap"
 else
-  SHOWMAP="$AFL_PATH/afl-showmap"
+  if [ -n "$AFL_PATH" ]; then
+    SHOWMAP="$AFL_PATH/afl-showmap"
+  fi
 fi
 
 if [ ! -x "$SHOWMAP" ]; then
@@ -257,14 +311,41 @@ if [ ! -x "$SHOWMAP" ]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
+THREADS=
+if [ ! "$T_ARG" = "" ]; then
+  if [ "$T_ARG" = "all" ]; then
+    THREADS=$(nproc)
+  else
+    if [ "$T_ARG" -gt 1 -a "$T_ARG" -le "$(nproc)" ]; then
+      THREADS=$T_ARG
+    else
+      echo "[-] Error: -T parameter must between 2 and $(nproc) or \"all\"." 1>&2
+    fi
+  fi
+else
+  if [ -z "$F_ARG" ]; then
+    echo "[*] Are you aware of the '-T all' parallelize option that massively improves the speed?"
+  fi
+fi
+
 IN_COUNT=$((`ls -- "$IN_DIR" 2>/dev/null | wc -l`))
 
 if [ "$IN_COUNT" = "0" ]; then
-  echo "[+] Hmm, no inputs in the target directory. Nothing to be done."
+  echo "[-] Hmm, no inputs in the target directory. Nothing to be done."
   rm -rf "$TRACE_DIR"
   exit 1
 fi
 
+echo "[*] Are you aware that afl-cmin is faster than this afl-cmin.bash script?"
+echo "[+] Found $IN_COUNT files for minimizing."
+
+if [ -n "$THREADS" ]; then
+  if [ "$IN_COUNT" -lt "$THREADS" ]; then
+    THREADS=$IN_COUNT
+    echo "[!] WARNING: less inputs than threads, reducing threads to $THREADS and likely the overhead of threading makes things slower..."
+  fi
+fi
+
 FIRST_FILE=`ls "$IN_DIR" | head -1`
 
 # Make sure that we're not dealing with a directory.
@@ -295,7 +376,7 @@ if [ "$STDIN_FILE" = "" ]; then
 else
 
   cp "$IN_DIR/$FIRST_FILE" "$STDIN_FILE"
-  AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 "$SHOWMAP" -m "$MEM_LIMIT" -t "$TIMEOUT" -o "$TRACE_DIR/.run_test" -Z $EXTRA_PAR -A "$STDIN_FILE" -- "$@" </dev/null
+  AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 "$SHOWMAP" -m "$MEM_LIMIT" -t "$TIMEOUT" -o "$TRACE_DIR/.run_test" -Z $EXTRA_PAR -H "$STDIN_FILE" -- "$@" </dev/null
 
 fi
 
@@ -313,6 +394,18 @@ else
 
 fi
 
+TMPFILE=$OUT_DIR/.list.$$
+if [ ! "$THREADS" = "" ]; then
+  ls -- "$IN_DIR" > $TMPFILE 2>/dev/null
+  IN_COUNT=$(cat $TMPFILE | wc -l)
+  SPLIT=$(($IN_COUNT / $THREADS))
+  if [ "$(($IN_COUNT % $THREADS))" -gt 0 ]; then
+    SPLIT=$(($SPLIT + 1))
+  fi
+  echo "[+] Splitting workload into $THREADS tasks with $SPLIT items on average each."
+  split -l $SPLIT $TMPFILE $TMPFILE.
+fi
+
 # Let's roll!
 
 #############################
@@ -321,6 +414,7 @@ fi
 
 echo "[*] Obtaining traces for input files in '$IN_DIR'..."
 
+if [ "$THREADS" = "" ]; then
 (
 
   CUR=0
@@ -329,10 +423,14 @@ echo "[*] Obtaining traces for input files in '$IN_DIR'..."
 
     ls "$IN_DIR" | while read -r fn; do
 
-      CUR=$((CUR+1))
-      printf "\\r    Processing file $CUR/$IN_COUNT... "
+      if [ -s "$IN_DIR/$fn" ]; then
 
-      "$SHOWMAP" -m "$MEM_LIMIT" -t "$TIMEOUT" -o "$TRACE_DIR/$fn" -Z $EXTRA_PAR -- "$@" <"$IN_DIR/$fn"
+        CUR=$((CUR+1))
+        printf "\\r    Processing file $CUR/$IN_COUNT... "
+
+        "$SHOWMAP" -m "$MEM_LIMIT" -t "$TIMEOUT" -o "$TRACE_DIR/$fn" -Z $EXTRA_PAR -- "$@" <"$IN_DIR/$fn"
+      
+      fi
 
     done
 
@@ -340,21 +438,73 @@ echo "[*] Obtaining traces for input files in '$IN_DIR'..."
 
     ls "$IN_DIR" | while read -r fn; do
 
-      CUR=$((CUR+1))
-      printf "\\r    Processing file $CUR/$IN_COUNT... "
+      if [ -s "$IN_DIR/$fn" ]; then
 
-      cp "$IN_DIR/$fn" "$STDIN_FILE"
+        CUR=$((CUR+1))
+        printf "\\r    Processing file $CUR/$IN_COUNT... "
 
-      "$SHOWMAP" -m "$MEM_LIMIT" -t "$TIMEOUT" -o "$TRACE_DIR/$fn" -Z $EXTRA_PAR -A "$STDIN_FILE" -- "$@" </dev/null
+        cp "$IN_DIR/$fn" "$STDIN_FILE"
+        "$SHOWMAP" -m "$MEM_LIMIT" -t "$TIMEOUT" -o "$TRACE_DIR/$fn" -Z $EXTRA_PAR -H "$STDIN_FILE" -- "$@" </dev/null
+
+      fi
 
     done
 
-
   fi
 
+  echo
+
 )
 
-echo
+else
+
+  PIDS=
+  CNT=0
+  for inputs in $(ls ${TMPFILE}.*); do
+
+(
+
+  if [ "$STDIN_FILE" = "" ]; then
+
+    cat $inputs | while read -r fn; do
+
+      if [ -s "$IN_DIR/$fn" ]; then
+
+        "$SHOWMAP" -m "$MEM_LIMIT" -t "$TIMEOUT" -o "$TRACE_DIR/$fn" -Z $EXTRA_PAR -- "$@" <"$IN_DIR/$fn"
+
+      fi
+
+    done
+
+  else
+
+    if [ -s "$IN_DIR/$fn" ]; then
+      STDIN_FILE="$inputs.$$"
+      cat $inputs | while read -r fn; do
+
+        cp "$IN_DIR/$fn" "$STDIN_FILE"
+        "$SHOWMAP" -m "$MEM_LIMIT" -t "$TIMEOUT" -o "$TRACE_DIR/$fn" -Z $EXTRA_PAR -H "$STDIN_FILE" -- "$@" </dev/null
+
+      done
+
+    fi
+
+  fi
+
+) &
+
+  PIDS="$PIDS $!"
+  done
+
+  echo "[+] Waiting for running tasks IDs:$PIDS"
+  wait
+  echo "[+] all $THREADS running tasks completed."
+  rm -f ${TMPFILE}*
+
+  #echo trace dir files: $(ls $TRACE_DIR/*|wc -l)
+
+fi
+
 
 ##########################
 # STEP 2: SORTING TUPLES #
@@ -395,6 +545,8 @@ ls -rS "$IN_DIR" | while read -r fn; do
 
   sed "s#\$# $fn#" "$TRACE_DIR/$fn" >>"$TRACE_DIR/.candidate_list"
 
+  test -s "$TRACE_DIR/$fn" || echo Warning: $fn is ignored because of crashing the target
+
 done
 
 echo

afl-persistent-config

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# written by jhertz
+# 
+
+test "$1" = "-h" -o "$1" = "-hh" -o "$1" = "--help" && {
+  echo 'afl-persistent-config'
+  echo
+  echo $0
+  echo
+  echo afl-persistent-config has no command line options
+  echo
+  echo afl-persistent-config permanently reconfigures the system to a high performance fuzzing state.
+  echo "WARNING: this reduces the security of the system!"
+  echo
+  echo Note that there is also afl-system-config which sets additional runtime
+  echo configuration options.
+  exit 0
+}
+
+if [ $# -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo "ERROR: Unknown option(s): $@"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+echo
+echo "WARNING: This scripts makes permanent configuration changes to the system to"
+echo "         increase the performance for fuzzing. As a result, the system also"
+echo "         becomes less secure against attacks! If you use this script, setup"
+echo "         strong firewall rules and only make SSH available as a network"
+echo "         service!"
+echo
+echo -n "Type \"YES\" to continue: "
+read ANSWER
+if [[ "$ANSWER" != "YES" ]]; then
+  echo Input was not YES, aborting ...
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+echo
+PLATFORM=`uname -s`
+ARCH=`uname -m`
+
+# check that we're on Mac
+if [[ "$PLATFORM" = "Darwin" ]] ; then
+
+  # check if UID == 0
+  if [[ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo "You need to be root to do this. E.g. use \"sudo\""
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  # check if SIP is disabled
+  if [[ ! $(csrutil status | grep "disabled") ]]; then
+    echo "SIP needs to be disabled. Restart and press Command-R at reboot, Utilities => Terminal => enter \"csrutil disable\""
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  echo "Checks passed."
+
+  echo "Installing /Library/LaunchDaemons/shm_setup.plist"
+
+  cat << EOF > /Library/LaunchDaemons/shm_setup.plist
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+  <dict>
+    <key>Label</key>
+    <string>shmemsetup</string>
+    <key>UserName</key>
+    <string>root</string>
+    <key>GroupName</key>
+    <string>wheel</string>
+    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
+    <array>
+      <string>/usr/sbin/sysctl</string>
+      <string>-w</string>
+      <string>kern.sysv.shmmax=524288000</string>
+      <string>kern.sysv.shmmin=1</string>
+      <string>kern.sysv.shmmni=128</string>
+      <string>kern.sysv.shmseg=48</string>
+      <string>kern.sysv.shmall=131072000</string>
+    </array>
+    <key>KeepAlive</key>
+    <false/>
+    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
+    <true/>
+  </dict>
+</plist>
+EOF
+
+  if [[ "$ARCH" = "x86_64" ]]; then
+    echo "Disabling ASLR system wide"
+    nvram boot-args="no_aslr=1"
+  else
+    echo NOTICE: on ARM64 we do not know currently how to disable system wide ASLR, please report if you know how.
+  fi
+
+  echo
+  echo "Reboot and enjoy your fuzzing"
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+if [[ "$PLATFORM" = "Linux" ]] ; then
+
+  # check if UID == 0
+  if [[ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo "You need to be root to do this. E.g. use \"sudo\""
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  echo "Checks passed."
+
+  test -d /etc/sysctl.d || echo Error: /etc/sysctl.d directory not found, cannot install shmem config
+  test -d /etc/sysctl.d -a '!' -e /etc/sysctl.d/99-fuzzing.conf && {
+    echo "Installing /etc/sysctl.d/99-fuzzing.conf"
+    cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/99-fuzzing.conf
+kernel.core_uses_pid=0
+kernel.core_pattern=core
+kernel.randomize_va_space=0
+kernel.sched_child_runs_first=1
+kernel.sched_autogroup_enabled=1
+kernel.sched_migration_cost_ns=50000000
+kernel.sched_latency_ns=250000000
+EOF
+  }
+
+  grub_try_disable_mitigation () {
+    KEY="$1"
+    if ! grep -E "^$KEY=" /etc/default/grub | grep -E -q 'noibrs pcid nopti'; then
+      echo "Configuring performance boot options"
+      LINE=`grep -E "^$KEY=" /etc/default/grub | sed "s/^$KEY=//" | tr -d '"'`
+      OPTIONS="$LINE ibpb=off ibrs=off kpti=off l1tf=off spec_rstack_overflow=off mds=off no_stf_barrier noibpb noibrs pcid nopti nospec_store_bypass_disable nospectre_v1 nospectre_v2 pcid=on pti=off spec_store_bypass_disable=off spectre_v2=off stf_barrier=off srbds=off noexec=off noexec32=off tsx=on tsx=on tsx_async_abort=off mitigations=off audit=0 hardened_usercopy=off ssbd=force-off"
+      echo Setting boot options in /etc/default/grub to $KEY=\"$OPTIONS\"
+      sed -i "s|^$KEY=.*|$KEY=\"$OPTIONS\"|" /etc/default/grub
+    fi
+  }
+
+
+  if grep -E -q '^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=' /etc/default/grub || grep -E -q '^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=' /etc/default/grub; then
+    grub_try_disable_mitigation "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT"
+    # We also overwrite GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX because some distributions already overwrite GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
+    grub_try_disable_mitigation "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX"
+  else
+    echo "Error: /etc/default/grub with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX is not present, cannot set boot options"
+  fi
+
+  echo
+  echo "Reboot and enjoy your fuzzing"
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+
+
+echo "Error: Unknown platform \"$PLATFORM\", currently supported are Linux and MacOS."
+exit 1

afl-plot

@@ -12,59 +12,93 @@
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 # You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 #
-#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 #
 
+get_abs_path() {
+  echo $(cd "`dirname "$1"`" && pwd)/"`basename "$1"`"
+}
+
 echo "progress plotting utility for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski"
 echo
 
-if [ ! "$#" = "2" ]; then
+GRAPHICAL="0"
+
+if [ "$1"  = "-g" ] || [ "$1" = "--graphical" ]; then
+GRAPHICAL="1"
+shift
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" != "2" ]; then
 
   cat 1>&2 <<_EOF_
-$0 afl_state_dir graph_output_dir
+$0 [ -g | --graphical ] afl_state_dir graph_output_dir
 
-This program generates gnuplot images from afl-fuzz output data. Usage:
+This program generates gnuplot images from afl-fuzz output data.
 
-The afl_state_dir parameter should point to an existing state directory for any
-active or stopped instance of afl-fuzz; while graph_output_dir should point to
-an empty directory where this tool can write the resulting plots to.
+Usage:
+
+    afl_state_dir       should point to an existing state directory for any
+                        active or stopped instance of afl-fuzz
+    graph_output_dir    should point to an empty directory where this
+                        tool can write the resulting plots to
+    -g, --graphical     (optional) display the plots in a graphical window
+                        (you should have built afl-plot-ui to use this option)
 
 The program will put index.html and three PNG images in the output directory;
 you should be able to view it with any web browser of your choice.
-
-Environment variables used:
-AFL_ALLOW_TMP: allow /var/tmp or /tmp for input and output directories
 _EOF_
 
   exit 1
 
 fi
 
-if [ "$AFL_ALLOW_TMP" = "" ]; then
+inputdir=`get_abs_path "$1"`
+outputdir=`get_abs_path "$2"`
 
-  echo "$1" | grep -qE '^(/var)?/tmp/'
-  T1="$?"
+#if [ "$AFL_ALLOW_TMP" = "" ]; then
+#
+#  echo "$inputdir" | grep -qE '^(/var)?/tmp/'
+#  T1="$?"
+#
+#  echo "$outputdir" | grep -qE '^(/var)?/tmp/'
+#  T2="$?"
+#
+#  if [ "$T1" = "0" -o "$T2" = "0" ]; then
+#
+#    echo "[-] Error: this script shouldn't be used with shared /tmp directories." 1>&2
+#    exit 1
+#
+#  fi
+#
+#fi
 
-  echo "$2" | grep -qE '^(/var)?/tmp/'
-  T2="$?"
+if [ ! -f "$inputdir/plot_data" ]; then
 
-  if [ "$T1" = "0" -o "$T2" = "0" ]; then
+  if [ -f "$inputdir/default/plot_data" ]; then
 
-    echo "[-] Error: this script shouldn't be used with shared /tmp directories." 1>&2
+    echo "[-] Error: input directory is not valid (missing 'plot_data'), likely you mean $inputdir/default?" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+
+  else
+
+    echo "[-] Error: input directory is not valid (missing 'plot_data')." 1>&2
     exit 1
 
   fi
 
 fi
 
-if [ ! -f "$1/plot_data" ]; then
+LINES=`cat "$inputdir/plot_data" | wc -l`
 
-  echo "[-] Error: input directory is not valid (missing 'plot_data')." 1>&2
+if [ "$LINES" -lt 3 ]; then
+
+  echo "[-] Error: plot_data carries too little data, let it run longer." 1>&2
   exit 1
 
 fi
 
-BANNER="`cat "$1/fuzzer_stats" | grep '^afl_banner ' | cut -d: -f2- | cut -b2-`"
+BANNER="`cat "$inputdir/fuzzer_stats" 2> /dev/null | grep '^afl_banner ' | cut -d: -f2- | cut -b2-`"
 
 test "$BANNER" = "" && BANNER="(none)"
 
@@ -77,30 +111,22 @@ if [ "$GNUPLOT" = "" ]; then
 
 fi
 
-mkdir "$2" 2>/dev/null
+mkdir "$outputdir" 2>/dev/null
 
-if [ ! -d "$2" ]; then
+if [ ! -d "$outputdir" ]; then
 
   echo "[-] Error: unable to create the output directory - pick another location." 1>&2
   exit 1
 
 fi
 
-rm -f "$2/high_freq.png" "$2/low_freq.png" "$2/exec_speed.png"
-mv -f "$2/index.html" "$2/index.html.orig" 2>/dev/null
+rm -f "$outputdir/high_freq.png" "$outputdir/low_freq.png" "$outputdir/exec_speed.png" "$outputdir/edges.png"
+mv -f "$outputdir/index.html" "$outputdir/index.html.orig" 2>/dev/null
 
-echo "[*] Generating plots..."
-
-(
-
-cat <<_EOF_
-set terminal png truecolor enhanced size 1000,300 butt
-
-set output '$2/high_freq.png'
-
-set xdata time
-set timefmt '%s'
-set format x "%b %d\n%H:%M"
+GNUPLOT_SETUP="
+#set xdata time
+#set timefmt '%s'
+#set format x \"%b %d\n%H:%M\"
 set tics font 'small'
 unset mxtics
 unset mytics
@@ -114,31 +140,169 @@ set key outside
 set autoscale xfixmin
 set autoscale xfixmax
 
-plot '$1/plot_data' using 1:4 with filledcurve x1 title 'total paths' linecolor rgb '#000000' fillstyle transparent solid 0.2 noborder, \\
-     '' using 1:3 with filledcurve x1 title 'current path' linecolor rgb '#f0f0f0' fillstyle transparent solid 0.5 noborder, \\
-     '' using 1:5 with lines title 'pending paths' linecolor rgb '#0090ff' linewidth 3, \\
+set xlabel \"relative time in seconds\" font \"small\"
+"
+
+PLOT_HF="
+set terminal png truecolor enhanced size 1000,300 butt
+set output '$outputdir/high_freq.png'
+
+$GNUPLOT_SETUP
+
+plot '$inputdir/plot_data' using 1:4 with filledcurve x1 title 'corpus count' linecolor rgb '#000000' fillstyle transparent solid 0.2 noborder, \\
+     '' using 1:3 with filledcurve x1 title 'current item' linecolor rgb '#f0f0f0' fillstyle transparent solid 0.5 noborder, \\
+     '' using 1:5 with lines title 'pending items' linecolor rgb '#0090ff' linewidth 3, \\
      '' using 1:6 with lines title 'pending favs' linecolor rgb '#c00080' linewidth 3, \\
      '' using 1:2 with lines title 'cycles done' linecolor rgb '#c000f0' linewidth 3
+"
 
+PLOT_LF="
 set terminal png truecolor enhanced size 1000,200 butt
-set output '$2/low_freq.png'
+set output '$outputdir/low_freq.png'
 
-plot '$1/plot_data' using 1:8 with filledcurve x1 title '' linecolor rgb '#c00080' fillstyle transparent solid 0.2 noborder, \\
+$GNUPLOT_SETUP
+
+plot '$inputdir/plot_data' using 1:8 with filledcurve x1 title '' linecolor rgb '#c00080' fillstyle transparent solid 0.2 noborder, \\
      '' using 1:8 with lines title ' uniq crashes' linecolor rgb '#c00080' linewidth 3, \\
      '' using 1:9 with lines title 'uniq hangs' linecolor rgb '#c000f0' linewidth 3, \\
      '' using 1:10 with lines title 'levels' linecolor rgb '#0090ff' linewidth 3
+"
 
+PLOT_ES="
 set terminal png truecolor enhanced size 1000,200 butt
-set output '$2/exec_speed.png'
+set output '$outputdir/exec_speed.png'
 
-plot '$1/plot_data' using 1:11 with filledcurve x1 title '' linecolor rgb '#0090ff' fillstyle transparent solid 0.2 noborder, \\
-     '$1/plot_data' using 1:11 with lines title '    execs/sec' linecolor rgb '#0090ff' linewidth 3 smooth bezier;
+$GNUPLOT_SETUP
+
+plot '$inputdir/plot_data' using 1:11 with filledcurve x1 title '' linecolor rgb '#0090ff' fillstyle transparent solid 0.2 noborder, \\
+     '$inputdir/plot_data' using 1:11 with lines title '    execs/sec' linecolor rgb '#0090ff' linewidth 3 smooth bezier;
+"
+
+PLOT_EG="
+set terminal png truecolor enhanced size 1000,300 butt
+set output '$outputdir/edges.png'
+
+$GNUPLOT_SETUP
+
+plot '$inputdir/plot_data' using 1:13 with lines title '        edges' linecolor rgb '#0090ff' linewidth 3
+"
+
+if [ "$#" = "2" ] && [ "$GRAPHICAL" = "1" ]; then
+
+afl-plot-ui -h > /dev/null 2>&1
+
+if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
+
+cat 1>&2 <<_EOF_
+You do not seem to have the afl-plot-ui utility installed. If you have installed afl-plot-ui, make sure the afl-plot-ui executable is in your PATH.
+If you are still facing any problems, please open an issue at https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/issues.
+
+No plots have been generated. Please rerun without the "-g" or "--graphical" flag to generate the plots.
+_EOF_
+
+exit 1
+
+fi
+
+rm -rf "$outputdir/.tmp"
+mkdir -p "$outputdir/.tmp"
+mkfifo "$outputdir/.tmp/win_ids" || exit 1
+
+afl-plot-ui > "$outputdir/.tmp/win_ids" &
+W_IDS=$(cat "$outputdir/.tmp/win_ids")
+
+rm -rf "$outputdir/.tmp"
+
+W_ID1=$(echo "$W_IDS" | head -n 1)
+W_ID2=$(echo "$W_IDS" | head -n 2 | tail -n 1)
+W_ID3=$(echo "$W_IDS" | head -n 3 | tail -n 1)
+W_ID4=$(echo "$W_IDS" | tail -n 1)
+
+echo "[*] Generating plots..."
+
+(
+
+cat << _EOF_
+
+$PLOT_HF
+set term x11 window "$W_ID3"
+set output
+replot
+pause mouse close
 
 _EOF_
 
-) | gnuplot 
+) | gnuplot 2> /dev/null &
 
-if [ ! -s "$2/exec_speed.png" ]; then
+(
+
+cat << _EOF_
+
+$PLOT_LF
+set term x11 window "$W_ID4"
+set output
+replot
+pause mouse close
+
+_EOF_
+
+) | gnuplot 2> /dev/null &
+
+(
+
+cat << _EOF_
+
+$PLOT_ES
+set term x11 window "$W_ID2"
+set output
+replot
+pause mouse close
+
+_EOF_
+
+) | gnuplot 2> /dev/null &
+
+(
+
+cat << _EOF_
+
+$PLOT_EG
+set term x11 window "$W_ID1"
+set output
+replot
+pause mouse close
+
+_EOF_
+
+) | gnuplot 2> /dev/null &
+
+sleep 1
+
+else
+
+echo "[*] Generating plots..."
+
+(
+
+cat << _EOF_
+
+$PLOT_HF
+
+$PLOT_LF
+
+$PLOT_ES
+
+$PLOT_EG
+
+_EOF_
+
+) | gnuplot || echo "Note: if you see errors concerning 'unknown or ambiguous terminal type' then you need to use a gnuplot that has png support compiled in."
+
+echo "[?] You can also use -g flag to view the plots in an GUI window, and interact with the plots (if you have built afl-plot-ui). Run \"afl-plot -h\" to know more."
+
+fi
+
+if [ ! -s "$outputdir/exec_speed.png" ]; then
 
   echo "[-] Error: something went wrong! Perhaps you have an ancient version of gnuplot?" 1>&2
   exit 1
@@ -147,13 +311,14 @@ fi
 
 echo "[*] Generating index.html..."
 
-cat >"$2/index.html" <<_EOF_
+cat >"$outputdir/index.html" <<_EOF_
 <table style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Tahoma', 'Arial', 'Helvetica'">
 <tr><td style="width: 18ex"><b>Banner:</b></td><td>$BANNER</td></tr>
-<tr><td><b>Directory:</b></td><td>$1</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>Directory:</b></td><td>$inputdir</td></tr>
 <tr><td><b>Generated on:</b></td><td>`date`</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>
+<img src="edges.png" width=1000 height=300>
 <img src="high_freq.png" width=1000 height=300><p>
 <img src="low_freq.png" width=1000 height=200><p>
 <img src="exec_speed.png" width=1000 height=200>
@@ -164,8 +329,8 @@ _EOF_
 # served by Apache or other HTTP daemon. Since the plots aren't horribly
 # sensitive, this seems like a reasonable trade-off.
 
-chmod 755 "$2"
-chmod 644 "$2/high_freq.png" "$2/low_freq.png" "$2/exec_speed.png" "$2/index.html"
+chmod 755 "$outputdir"
+chmod 644 "$outputdir/high_freq.png" "$outputdir/low_freq.png" "$outputdir/exec_speed.png" "$outputdir/edges.png" "$outputdir/index.html"
 
 echo "[+] All done - enjoy your charts!"
 

afl-system-config

@@ -1,45 +1,64 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-test "$1" = "-h" && {
+test "$1" = "-h" -o "$1" = "-hh" -o "$1" = "--help" && {
   echo 'afl-system-config by Marc Heuse <mh@mh-sec.de>'
   echo
   echo $0
   echo
   echo afl-system-config has no command line options
   echo
-  echo afl-system reconfigures the system to a high performance fuzzing state
-  echo WARNING: this reduces the security of the system
+  echo afl-system-config reconfigures the system to a high performance fuzzing state.
+  echo "WARNING: this reduces the security of the system!"
   echo
-  exit 1
+  echo Note that there is also afl-persistent-config which sets additional permanent
+  echo configuration options.
+  exit 0
 }
+if [ $# -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo "ERROR: Unknown option(s): $@"
+  exit 1
+fi
 
 DONE=
 PLATFORM=`uname -s`
 echo This reconfigures the system to have a better fuzzing performance.
+echo "WARNING: this reduces the security of the system!"
+echo
 if [ '!' "$EUID" = 0 ] && [ '!' `id -u` = 0 ] ; then
 	echo "Warning: you need to be root to run this!"
+	sleep 1
 	# we do not exit as other mechanisms exist that allows to do this than
 	# being root. let the errors speak for themselves.
 fi
+sleep 1
 if [ "$PLATFORM" = "Linux" ] ; then
 {
-  sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=core
+  sysctl -w kernel.core_uses_pid=0
+  # Arch Linux requires core_pattern to be empty :(
+  test -e /etc/arch-release && sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=
+  test -e /etc/arch-release || sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=core
   sysctl -w kernel.randomize_va_space=0
   sysctl -w kernel.sched_child_runs_first=1
   sysctl -w kernel.sched_autogroup_enabled=1
-  sysctl -w kernel.sched_migration_cost_ns=50000000
-  sysctl -w kernel.sched_latency_ns=250000000
+  sysctl -w kernel.sched_migration_cost_ns=50000000 2>/dev/null
+  sysctl -w kernel.sched_latency_ns=250000000 2>/dev/null
   echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
   test -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/scaling_governor && echo performance | tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/scaling_governor
   test -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/scaling_governor && echo performance | tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy*/scaling_governor
   test -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor && echo performance | tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor
   test -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo && echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo
   test -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/boost && echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/boost
+  test -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct && echo 100 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct
+  test -n "$(which auditctl)" && auditctl -a never,task >/dev/null 2>&1
 } > /dev/null
   echo Settings applied.
-  dmesg | egrep -q 'nospectre_v2|spectre_v2=off' || {
+  echo
+  dmesg | grep -E -q 'noibrs pcid nopti' || {
     echo It is recommended to boot the kernel with lots of security off - if you are running a machine that is in a secured network - so set this:
-    echo '  /etc/default/grub:GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="ibpb=off ibrs=off kpti=off l1tf=off mds=off mitigations=off no_stf_barrier noibpb noibrs nopcid nopti nospec_store_bypass_disable nospectre_v1 nospectre_v2 pcid=off pti=off spec_store_bypass_disable=off spectre_v2=off stf_barrier=off"'
+    echo '  /etc/default/grub:GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="ibpb=off ibrs=off kpti=0 l1tf=off mds=off mitigations=off no_stf_barrier noibpb noibrs pcid nopti nospec_store_bypass_disable nospectre_v1 nospectre_v2 pcid=on pti=off spec_store_bypass_disable=off spectre_v2=off stf_barrier=off srbds=off noexec=off noexec32=off tsx=on tsx_async_abort=off arm64.nopauth audit=0 hardened_usercopy=off ssbd=force-off"'
+    echo
   }
+  echo If you run fuzzing instances in docker, run them with \"--security-opt seccomp=unconfined\" for more speed.
+  echo
   DONE=1
 fi
 if [ "$PLATFORM" = "FreeBSD" ] ; then
@@ -48,36 +67,77 @@ if [ "$PLATFORM" = "FreeBSD" ] ; then
   sysctl kern.elf64.aslr.enable=0
 } > /dev/null
   echo Settings applied.
+  echo
+  cat <<EOF
+In order to suppress core file generation during fuzzing it is recommended to set
+me:\\
+	:coredumpsize=0:
+in the ~/.login_conf file for the user used for fuzzing.
+EOF
   echo It is recommended to boot the kernel with lots of security off - if you are running a machine that is in a secured network - so set this:
   echo '  sysctl hw.ibrs_disable=1'
   echo 'Setting kern.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=0 into /boot/loader.conf might be helpful too.'
+  echo
   DONE=1
 fi
 if [ "$PLATFORM" = "OpenBSD" ] ; then
-  echo
+  doas sysctl vm.malloc_conf=
+  echo 'Freecheck on allocation in particular can be detrimental to performance.'
+  echo 'Also we might not want necessarily to abort at any allocation failure.'
   echo 'System security features cannot be disabled on OpenBSD.'
+  echo
+  DONE=1
+fi
+if [ "$PLATFORM" = "DragonFly" ] ; then
+  #/sbin/sysctl kern.corefile=/dev/null
+  #echo Settings applied.
+  cat <<EOF
+In order to suppress core file generation during fuzzing it is recommended to set
+me:\\
+	:coredumpsize=0:
+in the ~/.login_conf file for the user used for fuzzing.
+EOF
+  echo
   DONE=1
 fi
 if [ "$PLATFORM" = "NetBSD" ] ; then
 {
-  #echo It is recommended to enable unprivileged users to set cpu affinity
-  #echo to be able to use afl-gotcpu meaningfully.
   /sbin/sysctl -w security.models.extensions.user_set_cpu_affinity=1
 } > /dev/null
   echo Settings applied.
+  echo
   DONE=1
 fi
 if [ "$PLATFORM" = "Darwin" ] ; then
-  if [ $(launchctl list 2>/dev/null | grep -q '\.ReportCrash$') ] ; then
-    echo We unload the default crash reporter here
+  sysctl kern.sysv.shmmax=524288000
+  sysctl kern.sysv.shmmin=1
+  sysctl kern.sysv.shmseg=48
+  sysctl kern.sysv.shmall=131072000
+  echo Settings applied.
+  echo
+  if $(launchctl list 2>/dev/null | grep -q '\.ReportCrash\>') ; then
+    echo
+    echo Unloading the default crash reporter
     SL=/System/Library; PL=com.apple.ReportCrash
-    launchctl unload -w ${SL}/LaunchAgents/${PL}.plist
-    sudo launchctl unload -w ${SL}/LaunchDaemons/${PL}.Root.plist
-    echo Settings applied.
-  else
-    echo Nothing to do.
+    sudo -u "$SUDO_USER" launchctl unload -w ${SL}/LaunchAgents/${PL}.plist
+    launchctl unload -w ${SL}/LaunchDaemons/${PL}.Root.plist
+    echo
   fi
+  echo It is recommended to disable System Integrity Protection for increased performance.
+  echo See: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/disabling_and_enabling_system_integrity_protection
+  echo
+  DONE=1
+fi
+if [ "$PLATFORM" = "Haiku" ] ; then
+  DEBUG_SERVER_DIR=~/config/settings/system/debug_server
+  [ ! -d ${DEBUG_SERVER_DIR} ] && mkdir -p ${DEBUG_SERVER_DIR}
+  SETTINGS=${DEBUG_SERVER_DIR}/settings
+  [ -r ${SETTINGS} ] && grep -qE "default_action\s+kill" ${SETTINGS} && { echo "Nothing to do"; } || { \
+    echo We change the debug_server default_action from user to silently kill; \
+    [ ! -r ${SETTINGS} ] && echo "default_action kill" >${SETTINGS} || { mv ${SETTINGS} s.tmp; sed -e "s/default_action\s\s*user/default_action kill/" s.tmp > ${SETTINGS}; rm s.tmp; }; \
+    echo Settings applied.; echo; \
+  }
   DONE=1
 fi
 test -z "$DONE" && echo Error: Unknown platform: $PLATFORM
-test -z "$AFL_TMPDIR" && echo Also use AFL_TMPDIR and point it to a tmpfs for the input file caching
+exit 0

afl-whatsup

@@ -6,114 +6,172 @@
 # Originally written by Michal Zalewski
 #
 # Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
-# Copyright 2019-2020 AFLplusplus Project. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2019-2024 AFLplusplus Project. All rights reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 # You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 #
-#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 #
 # This tool summarizes the status of any locally-running synchronized
 # instances of afl-fuzz.
 #
 
-echo "$0 status check tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski"
-echo
-test "$1" = "-h" && {
-  echo $0 [-s] output_directory
+test "$1" = "-h" -o "$1" = "-hh" && {
+  echo "$0 status check tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski"
+  echo
+  echo "Usage: $0 [-s] [-d] afl_output_directory"
   echo
   echo Options:
-  echo   -s  -  skip details and output summary results only
+  echo "  -d  -  include dead fuzzer stats"
+  echo "  -m  -  just show minimal stats"
+  echo "  -n  -  no color output"
+  echo "  -s  -  skip details and output summary results only"
   echo
   exit 1
 }
 
-if [ "$1" = "-s" ]; then
+unset MINIMAL_ONLY
+unset NO_COLOR
+unset PROCESS_DEAD
+unset SUMMARY_ONLY
+unset RED
+unset GREEN
+unset YELLOW
+unset BLUE
+unset NC
+unset RESET
 
-  SUMMARY_ONLY=1
-  DIR="$2"
+if [ -z "$TERM" ]; then export TERM=vt220; fi
 
-else
+while [ "$1" = "-d" -o "$1" = "-m"  -o "$1" = "-n"  -o "$1" = "-s" ]; do
+  
+  if [ "$1" = "-d" ]; then
+    PROCESS_DEAD=1
+  fi
+  
+  if [ "$1" = "-m" ]; then
+    MINIMAL_ONLY=1
+  fi
+  
+  if [ "$1" = "-n" ]; then
+    NO_COLOR=1
+  fi
+  
+  if [ "$1" = "-s" ]; then
+    SUMMARY_ONLY=1
+  fi
+  
+  shift
+  
+done
 
-  unset SUMMARY_ONLY
-  DIR="$1"
+DIR="$1"
 
-fi
-
-if [ "$DIR" = "" ]; then
-
-  echo "Usage: $0 [ -s ] afl_sync_dir" 1>&2
+if [ "$DIR" = "" -o "$DIR" = "-h" -o "$DIR" = "--help" ]; then
+  
+  echo "$0 status check tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski" 1>&2
   echo 1>&2
-  echo "The -s option causes the tool to skip all the per-fuzzer trivia and show" 1>&2
-  echo "just the summary results. See docs/parallel_fuzzing.md for additional tips." 1>&2
+  echo "Usage: $0 [-d] [-m] [-n] [-s] afl_output_directory" 1>&2
+  echo 1>&2
+  echo Options: 1>&2
+  echo "  -d  -  include dead fuzzer stats" 1>&2
+  echo "  -m  -  just show minimal stats" 1>&2
+  echo "  -n  -  no color output" 1>&2
+  echo "  -s  -  skip details and output summary results only" 1>&2
   echo 1>&2
   exit 1
+  
+fi
 
+if [ -z "$MINIMAL_ONLY" ]; then
+  echo "$0 status check tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski"
+  echo
 fi
 
 cd "$DIR" || exit 1
 
 if [ -d queue ]; then
-
+  
   echo "[-] Error: parameter is an individual output directory, not a sync dir." 1>&2
   exit 1
-
+  
 fi
 
-RED=`tput setaf 9 1 1`
-GREEN=`tput setaf 2 1 1`
-BLUE=`tput setaf 4 1 1`
-YELLOW=`tput setaf 11 1 1`
-NC=`tput sgr0`
-RESET="$NC"
+BC=`which bc 2>/dev/null`
+FUSER=`which fuser 2>/dev/null`
 
-CUR_TIME=`date +%s`
+if [ -z "$NO_COLOR" ]; then
+  RED=`tput setaf 9 1 1 2>/dev/null`
+  GREEN=`tput setaf 2 1 1 2>/dev/null`
+  BLUE=`tput setaf 4 1 1 2>/dev/null`
+  YELLOW=`tput setaf 11 1 1 2>/dev/null`
+  NC=`tput sgr0`
+  RESET="$NC"
+fi
+
+PLATFORM=`uname -s`
+if [ "$PLATFORM" = "Linux" ] ; then
+  CUR_TIME=`cat /proc/uptime | awk '{printf "%.0f\n", $1}'`
+else
+  # This will lead to inacurate results but will prevent the script from breaking on platforms other than Linux
+  CUR_TIME=`date +%s`
+fi
 
 TMP=`mktemp -t .afl-whatsup-XXXXXXXX` || TMP=`mktemp -p /data/local/tmp .afl-whatsup-XXXXXXXX` || TMP=`mktemp -p /data/local/tmp .afl-whatsup-XXXXXXXX` || exit 1
+trap "rm -f $TMP" 1 2 3 13 15
 
 ALIVE_CNT=0
 DEAD_CNT=0
+START_CNT=0
 
 TOTAL_TIME=0
 TOTAL_EXECS=0
 TOTAL_EPS=0
+TOTAL_EPLM=0
 TOTAL_CRASHES=0
+TOTAL_HANGS=0
 TOTAL_PFAV=0
 TOTAL_PENDING=0
+TOTAL_COVERAGE=
 
-# Time since last path / crash / hang, formatted as string
+# Time since last find / crash / hang, formatted as string
 FMT_TIME="0 days 0 hours"
-FMT_PATH="${RED}none seen yet${NC}"
+FMT_FIND="${RED}none seen yet${NC}"
 FMT_CRASH="none seen yet"
 FMT_HANG="none seen yet"
 
 if [ "$SUMMARY_ONLY" = "" ]; then
-
+  
   echo "Individual fuzzers"
   echo "=================="
   echo
-
+  
 fi
 
 fmt_duration()
 {
   DUR_STRING=
-  if [ $1 -eq 0 ]; then
+  if [ $1 -le 0 ]; then
     return 1
   fi
-
+  
   local duration=$((CUR_TIME - $1))
   local days=$((duration / 60 / 60 / 24))
   local hours=$(((duration / 60 / 60) % 24))
   local minutes=$(((duration / 60) % 60))
   local seconds=$((duration % 60))
-
-  if [ $days -gt 0 ]; then
+  
+  if [ $duration -le 0 ]; then
+    DUR_STRING="0 seconds"
+    elif [ $duration -eq 1 ]; then
+    DUR_STRING="1 second"
+    elif [ $days -gt 0 ]; then
     DUR_STRING="$days days, $hours hours"
-  elif [ $hours -gt 0 ]; then
+    elif [ $hours -gt 0 ]; then
     DUR_STRING="$hours hours, $minutes minutes"
-  elif [ $minutes -gt 0 ]; then
+    elif [ $minutes -gt 0 ]; then
     DUR_STRING="$minutes minutes, $seconds seconds"
   else
     DUR_STRING="$seconds seconds"
@@ -122,106 +180,195 @@ fmt_duration()
 
 FIRST=true
 TOTAL_WCOP=
-TOTAL_LAST_PATH=0
-
-for i in `find . -maxdepth 2 -iname fuzzer_stats | sort`; do
-
-  sed 's/^command_line.*$/_skip:1/;s/[ ]*:[ ]*/="/;s/$/"/' "$i" >"$TMP"
-  . "$TMP"
-
-  RUN_UNIX=$((CUR_TIME - start_time))
-  RUN_DAYS=$((RUN_UNIX / 60 / 60 / 24))
-  RUN_HRS=$(((RUN_UNIX / 60 / 60) % 24))
-
-  test -n "$cycles_wo_finds" && {
-    test -z "$FIRST" && TOTAL_WCOP="${TOTAL_WCOP}/"
-    TOTAL_WCOP="${TOTAL_WCOP}${cycles_wo_finds}"
-    FIRST=
-  }
-
-  if [ "$SUMMARY_ONLY" = "" ]; then
-
-    echo ">>> $afl_banner ($RUN_DAYS days, $RUN_HRS hrs) fuzzer PID: $fuzzer_pid <<<"
-    echo
-
-  fi
-
-  if ! kill -0 "$fuzzer_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
-
-    if [ "$SUMMARY_ONLY" = "" ]; then
-
-      echo "  Instance is dead or running remotely, skipping."
-      echo
+TOTAL_LAST_FIND=0
 
+for j in `find . -maxdepth 2 -iname fuzzer_setup | sort`; do
+  
+  DIR=$(dirname "$j")
+  i=$DIR/fuzzer_stats
+  
+  if [ -f "$i" ]; then
+    
+    IS_STARTING=
+    IS_DEAD=
+    sed 's/^command_line.*$/_skip:1/;s/[ ]*:[ ]*/="/;s/$/"/' "$i" >"$TMP"
+    . "$TMP"
+    DIRECTORY=$DIR
+    DIR=${DIR##*/}
+    RUN_UNIX=$run_time
+    RUN_DAYS=$((RUN_UNIX / 60 / 60 / 24))
+    RUN_HRS=$(((RUN_UNIX / 60 / 60) % 24))
+    COVERAGE=$(echo $bitmap_cvg|tr -d %)
+    if [ -n "$TOTAL_COVERAGE" -a -n "$COVERAGE" -a -n "$BC" ]; then
+      if [ "$(echo "$TOTAL_COVERAGE < $COVERAGE" | bc)" -eq 1 ]; then
+        TOTAL_COVERAGE=$COVERAGE
+      fi
     fi
-
-    DEAD_CNT=$((DEAD_CNT + 1))
-    continue
-
-  fi
-
-  ALIVE_CNT=$((ALIVE_CNT + 1))
-
-  EXEC_SEC=$((execs_done / RUN_UNIX))
-  PATH_PERC=$((cur_path * 100 / paths_total))
-
-  TOTAL_TIME=$((TOTAL_TIME + RUN_UNIX))
-  TOTAL_EPS=$((TOTAL_EPS + EXEC_SEC))
-  TOTAL_EXECS=$((TOTAL_EXECS + execs_done))
-  TOTAL_CRASHES=$((TOTAL_CRASHES + unique_crashes))
-  TOTAL_PENDING=$((TOTAL_PENDING + pending_total))
-  TOTAL_PFAV=$((TOTAL_PFAV + pending_favs))
-
-  if [ "$last_path" -gt "$TOTAL_LAST_PATH" ]; then
-    TOTAL_LAST_PATH=$last_path
-  fi
-
-  if [ "$SUMMARY_ONLY" = "" ]; then
-
-    # Warnings in red
-    TIMEOUT_PERC=$((exec_timeout * 100 / execs_done))
-    if [ $TIMEOUT_PERC -ge 10 ]; then
-      echo "  ${RED}timeout_ratio $TIMEOUT_PERC%${NC}"
-    fi
-
-    if [ $EXEC_SEC -lt 100 ]; then
-      echo "  ${RED}slow execution, $EXEC_SEC execs/sec${NC}"
-    fi
-
-    fmt_duration $last_path && FMT_PATH=$DUR_STRING
-    fmt_duration $last_crash && FMT_CRASH=$DUR_STRING
-    fmt_duration $last_hang && FMT_HANG=$DUR_STRING
-    FMT_CWOP="not available"
+    if [ -z "$TOTAL_COVERAGE" ]; then TOTAL_COVERAGE=$COVERAGE ; fi
+    
     test -n "$cycles_wo_finds" && {
-      test "$cycles_wo_finds" = 0 && FMT_CWOP="$cycles_wo_finds"
-      test "$cycles_wo_finds" -gt 10 && FMT_CWOP="${YELLOW}$cycles_wo_finds${NC}"
-      test "$cycles_wo_finds" -gt 50 && FMT_CWOP="${RED}$cycles_wo_finds${NC}"
+      test -z "$FIRST" && TOTAL_WCOP="${TOTAL_WCOP}/"
+      TOTAL_WCOP="${TOTAL_WCOP}${cycles_wo_finds}"
+      FIRST=
     }
+    
+    if [ "$SUMMARY_ONLY" = "" ]; then
+      
+      echo ">>> $afl_banner instance: $DIR ($RUN_DAYS days, $RUN_HRS hrs) fuzzer PID: $fuzzer_pid <<<"
+      echo
+      
+    fi
+    
+    if ! kill -0 "$fuzzer_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+      
+      if [ -e "$i" ] && [ -e "$j" ] && [ -n "$FUSER" ]; then
+        
+        if [ "$i" -ot "$j" ]; then
+          
+          # fuzzer_setup is newer than fuzzer_stats, maybe the instance is starting?
+          TMP_PID=`fuser -v "$DIRECTORY" 2>&1 | grep afl-fuzz`
+          
+          if [ -n "$TMP_PID" ]; then
+            
+            if [ "$SUMMARY_ONLY" = "" ]; then
+              
+              echo "  Instance is still starting up, skipping."
+              echo
+              
+            fi
+            
+            START_CNT=$((START_CNT + 1))
+            last_find=0
+            IS_STARTING=1
+            
+            if [ "$PROCESS_DEAD" = "" ]; then
+              
+              continue
+              
+            fi
+            
+          fi
+          
+        fi
+        
+      fi
+      
+      if [ -z "$IS_STARTING" ]; then
+        
+        if [ "$SUMMARY_ONLY" = "" ]; then
+          
+          echo "  Instance is dead or running remotely, skipping."
+          echo
+          
+        fi
+        
+        DEAD_CNT=$((DEAD_CNT + 1))
+        IS_DEAD=1
+        last_find=0
+        
+        if [ "$PROCESS_DEAD" = "" ]; then
+          
+          continue
+          
+        fi
+        
+      fi
+      
+    fi
+    
+    ALIVE_CNT=$((ALIVE_CNT + 1))
+    
+    EXEC_SEC=0
+    EXEC_MIN=0
+    test -z "$RUN_UNIX" -o "$RUN_UNIX" = 0 || EXEC_SEC=$((execs_done / RUN_UNIX))
+    PATH_PERC=$((cur_item * 100 / corpus_count))
 
-    echo "  last_path       : $FMT_PATH"
-    echo "  last_crash      : $FMT_CRASH"
-    echo "  last_hang       : $FMT_HANG"
-    echo "  cycles_wo_finds : $FMT_CWOP"
-
-    CPU_USAGE=$(ps aux | grep $fuzzer_pid | grep -v grep | awk '{print $3}')
-    MEM_USAGE=$(ps aux | grep $fuzzer_pid | grep -v grep | awk '{print $4}')
-
-    echo "  cpu usage $CPU_USAGE%, memory usage $MEM_USAGE%"
-    echo "  cycle $((cycles_done + 1)), lifetime speed $EXEC_SEC execs/sec, path $cur_path/$paths_total (${PATH_PERC}%)"
-
-    if [ "$unique_crashes" = "0" ]; then
-      echo "  pending $pending_favs/$pending_total, coverage $bitmap_cvg, no crashes yet"
-    else
-      echo "  pending $pending_favs/$pending_total, coverage $bitmap_cvg, crash count $unique_crashes (!)"
+    test "$IS_DEAD" = 1 || EXEC_MIN=$(echo $execs_ps_last_min|sed 's/\..*//')
+    
+    TOTAL_TIME=$((TOTAL_TIME + RUN_UNIX))
+    TOTAL_EPS=$((TOTAL_EPS + EXEC_SEC))
+    TOTAL_EPLM=$((TOTAL_EPLM + EXEC_MIN))
+    TOTAL_EXECS=$((TOTAL_EXECS + execs_done))
+    TOTAL_CRASHES=$((TOTAL_CRASHES + saved_crashes))
+    TOTAL_HANGS=$((TOTAL_HANGS + saved_hangs))
+    TOTAL_PENDING=$((TOTAL_PENDING + pending_total))
+    TOTAL_PFAV=$((TOTAL_PFAV + pending_favs))
+    
+    if [ "$last_find" -gt "$TOTAL_LAST_FIND" ]; then
+      TOTAL_LAST_FIND=$last_find
+    fi
+    
+    if [ "$SUMMARY_ONLY" = "" ]; then
+      
+      # Warnings in red
+      TIMEOUT_PERC=$((exec_timeout * 100 / execs_done))
+      if [ $TIMEOUT_PERC -ge 10 ]; then
+        echo "  ${RED}timeout_ratio $TIMEOUT_PERC%${NC}"
+      fi
+      
+      if [ $EXEC_SEC -eq 0 ]; then
+        echo "  ${YELLOW}no data yet, 0 execs/sec${NC}"
+        elif [ $EXEC_SEC -lt 100 ]; then
+        echo "  ${RED}slow execution, $EXEC_SEC execs/sec${NC}"
+      fi
+      
+      fmt_duration $last_find && FMT_FIND=$DUR_STRING
+      fmt_duration $last_crash && FMT_CRASH=$DUR_STRING
+      fmt_duration $last_hang && FMT_HANG=$DUR_STRING
+      FMT_CWOP="not available"
+      test -n "$cycles_wo_finds" && {
+        test "$cycles_wo_finds" = 0 && FMT_CWOP="$cycles_wo_finds"
+        test "$cycles_wo_finds" -gt 10 && FMT_CWOP="${YELLOW}$cycles_wo_finds${NC}"
+        test "$cycles_wo_finds" -gt 50 && FMT_CWOP="${RED}$cycles_wo_finds${NC}"
+      }
+      
+      echo "  last_find       : $FMT_FIND"
+      echo "  last_crash      : $FMT_CRASH"
+      if [ -z "$MINIMAL_ONLY" ]; then
+        echo "  last_hang       : $FMT_HANG"
+        echo "  cycles_wo_finds : $FMT_CWOP"
+      fi
+      echo "  coverage        : $COVERAGE%"
+      
+      if [ -z "$MINIMAL_ONLY" ]; then
+        
+        CPU_USAGE=$(ps aux | grep -w $fuzzer_pid | grep -v grep | awk '{print $3}')
+        MEM_USAGE=$(ps aux | grep -w $fuzzer_pid | grep -v grep | awk '{print $4}')
+        
+        echo "  cpu usage $CPU_USAGE%, memory usage $MEM_USAGE%"
+        
+      fi
+      
+      echo "  cycles $((cycles_done + 1)), lifetime speed $EXEC_SEC execs/sec, items $cur_item/$corpus_count (${PATH_PERC}%)"
+      
+      if [ "$saved_crashes" = "0" ]; then
+        echo "  pending $pending_favs/$pending_total, coverage $bitmap_cvg, no crashes yet"
+      else
+        echo "  pending $pending_favs/$pending_total, coverage $bitmap_cvg, crashes saved $saved_crashes (!)"
+      fi
+      
+      echo
+      
     fi
 
-    echo
+  else
+
+    if [ ! -e "$i" -a -e "$j" ]; then
+
+      if [ '!' "$PROCESS_DEAD" = "" ]; then
+        ALIVE_CNT=$((ALIVE_CNT + 1))
+      fi
+      START_CNT=$((START_CNT + 1))
+      last_find=0
+      IS_STARTING=1
+      
+    fi
 
   fi
-
+  
 done
 
-# Formatting for total time, time since last path, crash, and hang
+# Formatting for total time, time since last find, crash, and hang
 fmt_duration $((CUR_TIME - TOTAL_TIME)) && FMT_TIME=$DUR_STRING
 # Formatting for total execution
 FMT_EXECS="0 millions"
@@ -229,7 +376,7 @@ EXECS_MILLION=$((TOTAL_EXECS / 1000 / 1000))
 EXECS_THOUSAND=$((TOTAL_EXECS / 1000 % 1000))
 if [ $EXECS_MILLION -gt 9 ]; then
   FMT_EXECS="$EXECS_MILLION millions"
-elif [ $EXECS_MILLION -gt 0 ]; then
+  elif [ $EXECS_MILLION -gt 0 ]; then
   FMT_EXECS="$EXECS_MILLION millions, $EXECS_THOUSAND thousands"
 else
   FMT_EXECS="$EXECS_THOUSAND thousands"
@@ -241,34 +388,65 @@ TOTAL_DAYS=$((TOTAL_TIME / 60 / 60 / 24))
 TOTAL_HRS=$(((TOTAL_TIME / 60 / 60) % 24))
 
 test -z "$TOTAL_WCOP" && TOTAL_WCOP="not available"
-fmt_duration $TOTAL_LAST_PATH && TOTAL_LAST_PATH=$DUR_STRING
+fmt_duration $TOTAL_LAST_FIND && TOTAL_LAST_FIND=$DUR_STRING
 
 test "$TOTAL_TIME" = "0" && TOTAL_TIME=1
 
+if [ "$PROCESS_DEAD" = "" ]; then
+  
+  TXT="excluded from stats"
+  
+else
+  
+  TXT="included in stats"
+  ALIVE_CNT=$(($ALIVE_CNT - $DEAD_CNT - $START_CNT))
+  
+fi
+
 echo "Summary stats"
 echo "============="
-echo
-echo "       Fuzzers alive : $ALIVE_CNT"
+if [ -z "$SUMMARY_ONLY" -o -z "$MINIMAL_ONLY" ]; then
+  echo
+fi
+
+echo "        Fuzzers alive : $ALIVE_CNT"
+
+if [ ! "$START_CNT" = "0" ]; then
+  echo "          Starting up : $START_CNT ($TXT)"
+fi
 
 if [ ! "$DEAD_CNT" = "0" ]; then
-  echo "      Dead or remote : $DEAD_CNT (excluded from stats)"
+  echo "       Dead or remote : $DEAD_CNT ($TXT)"
 fi
 
-echo "      Total run time : $FMT_TIME"
-echo "         Total execs : $FMT_EXECS"
-echo "    Cumulative speed : $TOTAL_EPS execs/sec"
+echo "       Total run time : $FMT_TIME"
+if [ -z "$MINIMAL_ONLY" ]; then
+  echo "          Total execs : $FMT_EXECS"
+  echo "     Cumulative speed : $TOTAL_EPS execs/sec"
+  if [ "$ALIVE_CNT" -gt "0" ]; then
+    echo "  Total average speed : $((TOTAL_EPS / ALIVE_CNT)) execs/sec"
+  fi
+fi
 if [ "$ALIVE_CNT" -gt "0" ]; then
-  echo "       Average speed : $((TOTAL_EPS / ALIVE_CNT)) execs/sec"
+  echo "Current average speed : $TOTAL_EPLM execs/sec"
 fi
-echo "       Pending paths : $TOTAL_PFAV faves, $TOTAL_PENDING total"
-
-if [ "$ALIVE_CNT" -gt "1" ]; then
-  echo "  Pending per fuzzer : $((TOTAL_PFAV/ALIVE_CNT)) faves, $((TOTAL_PENDING/ALIVE_CNT)) total (on average)"
+if [ -z "$MINIMAL_ONLY" ]; then
+  echo "        Pending items : $TOTAL_PFAV faves, $TOTAL_PENDING total"
 fi
 
-echo "       Crashes found : $TOTAL_CRASHES locally unique"
-echo "Cycles without finds : $TOTAL_WCOP"
-echo "  Time without finds : $TOTAL_LAST_PATH"
+if [ "$ALIVE_CNT" -gt "1" -o -n "$MINIMAL_ONLY" ]; then
+  if [ "$ALIVE_CNT" -gt "0" ]; then
+    echo "   Pending per fuzzer : $((TOTAL_PFAV/ALIVE_CNT)) faves, $((TOTAL_PENDING/ALIVE_CNT)) total (on average)"
+  fi
+fi
+
+echo "     Coverage reached : ${TOTAL_COVERAGE}%"
+echo "        Crashes saved : $TOTAL_CRASHES"
+if [ -z "$MINIMAL_ONLY" ]; then
+  echo "          Hangs saved : $TOTAL_HANGS"
+  echo " Cycles without finds : $TOTAL_WCOP"
+fi
+echo "   Time without finds : $TOTAL_LAST_FIND"
 echo
 
 exit 0

afl-wine-trace

@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ if not os.getenv("AFL_INST_LIBS"):
         os.environ["AFL_CODE_END"] = "0x%x" % (pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.ImageBase + pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.BaseOfCode + pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.SizeOfCode)
 
 if pe.FILE_HEADER.Machine == pefile.MACHINE_TYPE["IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64"] or pe.FILE_HEADER.Machine == pefile.MACHINE_TYPE["IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_IA64"]:
-    os.environ["LD_PRELOAD"] = os.path.join(my_dir, "qemu_mode/unsigaction/unsigaction64.so")
+    os.environ["QEMU_SET_ENV"] = "LD_PRELOAD=" + os.path.join(my_dir, "qemu_mode/unsigaction/unsigaction64.so") + ",WINEARCH=win64"
 else:
-    os.environ["LD_PRELOAD"] = os.path.join(my_dir, "qemu_mode/unsigaction/unsigaction32.so")
+    os.environ["QEMU_SET_ENV"] = "LD_PRELOAD=" + os.path.join(my_dir, "qemu_mode/unsigaction/unsigaction32.so") + ",WINEARCH=win32"
 
 if os.getenv("WINECOV_QEMU_PATH"):
     qemu_path = os.getenv("WINECOV_QEMU_PATH")
@@ -68,7 +68,12 @@ else:
 argv = sys.argv[1:]
 for i in range(len(argv)):
     if ".cur_input" in argv[i]:
-        argv[i] = subprocess.run([os.path.join(os.path.dirname(wine_path), "winepath"), "--windows", argv[i]], universal_newlines=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).stdout
+        # Get the Wine translated path using the winepath tool
+        arg_translated = subprocess.run([os.path.join(os.path.dirname(wine_path), "winepath"), "--windows", argv[i]], universal_newlines=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).stdout
+        # Remove the spurious LF at the end of the path
+        if len(arg_translated) > 0 and arg_translated[-1] == '\n':
+            arg_translated = arg_translated[:-1]
+        argv[i] = arg_translated
         break
 
 print("[afl-wine-trace] exec:", " ".join([qemu_path, wine_path] + argv))

benchmark/COMPARISON.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+|CPU                                                 | MHz   | threads | singlecore | multicore | afl-*-config |
+|----------------------------------------------------|-------|---------|------------|-----------|--------------|
+|Raspberry Pi 5                                      | 2400  | 4       | 25786      | 101114    | both         |
+|AMD EPYC 7282 16-Core Processor                     | 3194  | 32      | 87199      | 769001    | both         |
+|AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650G with Radeon Graphics          | 3700  | 12      | 95356      | 704840    | both         |
+|Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9900K CPU @ 3.60GHz            | 4995  | 16      | 120064     | 1168943   | both         |
+|12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-1270P                 | 4761  | 16      | 149778     | 641219    | both         |
+|AMD Ryzen 9 5950X 16-Core Processor                 | 4792  | 32      | 161690     | 2339763   | both         |
+|Apple Mac Studio M2 Ultra 2023, Linux VM guest      | 3500  | 16      | 163570     | 1157465   | both         |
+|AMD Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics             | 4676  | 16      | 62860      | 614404    | system       |
+|AMD Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics             | 4745  | 16      | 135501     | 991133    | both         |
+|AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D 16-Core Processor               | 5400  | 32      | 71566      | 1566279   | system       |
+|AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D 16-Core Processor               | 5478  | 32      | 161960     | 2173959   | both         |

benchmark/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# American Fuzzy Lop plus plus (AFL++)
+
+## benchmarking
+
+This directory contains benchmarking tools that allow you to compare one machine
+with another in terms of raw ability to execute a fuzzing target repeatedly.
+
+To achieve this, we use a sample program ("test-instr.c") where each path is
+equally likely, supply it a single seed, and tell AFL to exit after one run of
+deterministic mutations against that seed.
+
+**Note that this is not a real-world scenario!**
+Because the target does basically nothing this is rather a stress test on
+Kernel I/O / context switching.
+For this reason you will not see a difference if you run the multicore test
+with 20 or 40 threads - or even see the performance decline the more threads
+(`-f` parameter) you use. In a real-world scenario you can expect to gain
+exec/s until 40-60 threads (if you have that many available on your CPU).
+
+Usage example:
+
+```
+cd aflplusplus/benchmark
+python3 benchmark.py
+ [*] Ready, starting benchmark...
+ [*] Compiling the test-instr-persist-shmem fuzzing harness for the benchmark to use.
+ [*] singlecore test-instr-persist-shmem run 1 of 2, execs/s: 124883.62
+ [*] singlecore test-instr-persist-shmem run 2 of 2, execs/s: 126704.93
+ [*] Average execs/sec for this test across all runs was: 125794.28
+ [*] Using 16 fuzzers for multicore fuzzing (use --fuzzers to override).
+ [*] multicore test-instr-persist-shmem run 1 of 2, execs/s: 1179822.66
+ [*] multicore test-instr-persist-shmem run 2 of 2, execs/s: 1175584.09
+ [*] Average execs/sec for this test across all runs was: 1177703.38
+ [*] Results have been written to the benchmark-results.jsonl file.
+ [*] Results have been written to the COMPARISON.md file.
+```
+
+By default, the script will use a number of parallel fuzzers equal to your
+available CPUs/threads (change with `--fuzzers`), and will perform each test
+three times and average the result (change with `--runs`).
+
+The script will use multicore fuzzing instead of singlecore by default (change
+with `--mode singlecore`) and use a persistent-mode shared memory harness for
+optimal speed (change with `--target test-instr`).
+
+Feel free to submit the resulting line for your CPU added to the COMPARISON.md
+and benchmark-results.jsonl files back to AFL++ in a pull request.
+
+Each run writes results to [benchmark-results.jsonl](benchmark-results.jsonl)
+in [JSON Lines](https://jsonlines.org/) format, ready to be pulled in to other
+tools such as [jq -cs](https://jqlang.github.io/jq/) or
+[pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org/) for analysis.
+
+## Data analysis
+
+There is sample data in [benchmark-results.jsonl](benchmark-results.jsonl), and
+a Jupyter notebook for exploring the results and suggesting their meaning at
+[benchmark.ipynb](benchmark.ipynb).
+

benchmark/benchmark-results.jsonl

@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
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+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3599.769, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 463235.15, "execs_total": 4635628, "fuzzers_used": 180}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3330.854, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 464366.11, "execs_total": 4646649, "fuzzers_used": 181}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3599.585, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 469453.17, "execs_total": 4697909, "fuzzers_used": 182}}}}
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+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3583.539, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 472179.98, "execs_total": 4724913, "fuzzers_used": 185}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3598.57, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 465528.62, "execs_total": 4658439, "fuzzers_used": 186}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3587.126, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 476194.69, "execs_total": 4765385, "fuzzers_used": 187}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3423.033, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 475886.86, "execs_total": 4762069, "fuzzers_used": 188}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3599.32, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 473599.91, "execs_total": 4739128, "fuzzers_used": 189}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3597.599, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 476949.52, "execs_total": 4772500, "fuzzers_used": 190}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3437.101, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 474259.76, "execs_total": 4745505, "fuzzers_used": 191}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "AWS EC2 r6a.48xlarge spot instance", "compiler": "clang version 15.0.7 (Amazon Linux 15.0.7-3.amzn2023.0.1)", "target_arch": "x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3599.17, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7R13 Processor", "cpu_threads": 192}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 479848.23, "execs_total": 4801111, "fuzzers_used": 192}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "", "compiler": "Debian clang version 17.0.4 (++20231031083102+309d55140c46-1~exp1~20231031083155.63)", "target_arch": "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 4761.063, "cpu_model": "12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-1270P", "cpu_threads": 16}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 641219.02, "execs_total": 19251242, "fuzzers_used": 16}, "singlecore": {"execs_per_sec": 149778.22, "execs_total": 4493796, "fuzzers_used": 1}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "", "compiler": "Ubuntu clang version 17.0.2 (++20231003073128+b2417f51dbbd-1~exp1~20231003073233.51)", "target_arch": "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3193.942, "cpu_model": "AMD EPYC 7282 16-Core Processor", "cpu_threads": 64}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 769000.8, "execs_total": 23084516, "fuzzers_used": 32}, "singlecore": {"execs_per_sec": 87198.85, "execs_total": 2616227, "fuzzers_used": 1}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.08a", "comment": "", "compiler": "Ubuntu clang version 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1", "target_arch": "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 3700.0, "cpu_model": "AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650G with Radeon Graphics", "cpu_threads": 12}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 704840.16, "execs_total": 21163992, "fuzzers_used": 12}, "singlecore": {"execs_per_sec": 95356.14, "execs_total": 2862114, "fuzzers_used": 1}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.09a", "comment": "", "compiler": "Debian clang version 14.0.6", "target_arch": "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 2400.0, "cpu_model": "Raspberry Pi 5", "cpu_threads": 4}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 101114.23, "execs_total": 3036637, "fuzzers_used": 4}, "singlecore": {"execs_per_sec": 25786.11, "execs_total": 774460, "fuzzers_used": 1}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.07a", "comment": "", "compiler": "Debian clang version 17.0.0 (++20230417071830+ae77aceba5ad-1~exp1~20230417071935.630)", "target_arch": "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 4792.073, "cpu_model": "AMD Ryzen 9 5950X 16-Core Processor", "cpu_threads": 32}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 2339762.91, "execs_total": 70253164, "fuzzers_used": 32}, "singlecore": {"execs_per_sec": 161690.07, "execs_total": 4851838, "fuzzers_used": 1}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": false, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.10c", "comment": "", "compiler": "clang version 17.0.6", "target_arch": "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 4675.949, "cpu_model": "AMD Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics", "cpu_threads": 16}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 614403.91, "execs_total": 18435083, "fuzzers_used": 16}, "singlecore": {"execs_per_sec": 62859.9, "execs_total": 1886111, "fuzzers_used": 1}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.10c", "comment": "", "compiler": "clang version 17.0.6", "target_arch": "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 4744.522, "cpu_model": "AMD Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics", "cpu_threads": 16}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 991132.96, "execs_total": 29737588, "fuzzers_used": 16}, "singlecore": {"execs_per_sec": 135501.07, "execs_total": 4066116, "fuzzers_used": 1}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": false, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.10c", "comment": "", "compiler": "Ubuntu clang version 14.0.6", "target_arch": "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 5399.822, "cpu_model": "AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D 16-Core Processor", "cpu_threads": 32}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 1566279.42, "execs_total": 46994452, "fuzzers_used": 32}, "singlecore": {"execs_per_sec": 71565.56, "execs_total": 2147396, "fuzzers_used": 1}}}}
+{"config": {"afl_persistent_config": true, "afl_system_config": true, "afl_version": "++4.10c", "comment": "", "compiler": "clang version 17.0.6", "target_arch": "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"}, "hardware": {"cpu_fastest_core_mhz": 5478.258, "cpu_model": "AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D 16-Core Processor", "cpu_threads": 32}, "targets": {"test-instr-persist-shmem": {"multicore": {"execs_per_sec": 2173959.15, "execs_total": 65229513, "fuzzers_used": 32}, "singlecore": {"execs_per_sec": 161960.29, "execs_total": 4859457, "fuzzers_used": 1}}}}

benchmark/benchmark.py

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# Part of the aflplusplus project, requires Python 3.8+.
+# Author: Chris Ball <chris@printf.net>, ported from Marc "van Hauser" Heuse's "benchmark.sh".
+import argparse, asyncio, json, multiprocessing, os, platform, re, shutil, sys
+from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+blue   = lambda text: f"\033[1;94m{text}\033[0m"; gray = lambda text: f"\033[1;90m{text}\033[0m"
+green  = lambda text: f"\033[0;32m{text}\033[0m"; red  = lambda text: f"\033[0;31m{text}\033[0m"
+yellow = lambda text: f"\033[0;33m{text}\033[0m"
+
+class Mode(Enum):
+    multicore  = auto()
+    singlecore = auto()
+
+@dataclass
+class Target:
+    source: Path
+    binary: Path
+
+@dataclass
+class Run:
+    execs_per_sec: float
+    execs_total: float
+    fuzzers_used: int
+
+@dataclass
+class Config:
+    afl_persistent_config: bool
+    afl_system_config: bool
+    afl_version: Optional[str]
+    comment: str
+    compiler: str
+    target_arch: str
+
+@dataclass
+class Hardware:
+    cpu_fastest_core_mhz: float
+    cpu_model: str
+    cpu_threads: int
+
+@dataclass
+class Results:
+    config: Optional[Config]
+    hardware: Optional[Hardware]
+    targets: Dict[str, Dict[str, Optional[Run]]]
+
+all_modes = [Mode.singlecore, Mode.multicore]
+all_targets = [
+    Target(source=Path("../utils/persistent_mode/test-instr.c").resolve(), binary=Path("test-instr-persist-shmem")),
+    Target(source=Path("../test-instr.c").resolve(), binary=Path("test-instr"))
+]
+modes = [mode.name for mode in all_modes]
+targets = [str(target.binary) for target in all_targets]
+cpu_count = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
+env_vars = {
+    "AFL_DISABLE_TRIM": "1", "AFL_I_DONT_CARE_ABOUT_MISSING_CRASHES": "1", "AFL_FAST_CAL": "1",
+    "AFL_NO_UI": "1", "AFL_TRY_AFFINITY": "1", "PATH": f'{str(Path("../").resolve())}:{os.environ["PATH"]}',
+}
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+parser.add_argument("-b", "--basedir", help="directory to use for temp files", type=str, default="/tmp/aflpp-benchmark")
+parser.add_argument("-d", "--debug", help="show verbose debugging output", action="store_true")
+parser.add_argument("-r", "--runs", help="how many runs to average results over", type=int, default=3)
+parser.add_argument("-f", "--fuzzers", help="how many afl-fuzz workers to use", type=int, default=cpu_count)
+parser.add_argument("-m", "--mode", help="pick modes", action="append", default=modes, choices=modes)
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--comment", help="add a comment about your setup", type=str, default="")
+parser.add_argument("--cpu", help="override the detected CPU model name", type=str, default="")
+parser.add_argument("--mhz", help="override the detected CPU MHz", type=str, default="")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "-t", "--target", help="pick targets", action="append", default=["test-instr-persist-shmem"], choices=targets
+)
+args = parser.parse_args()
+# Really unsatisfying argparse behavior: we want a default and to allow multiple choices, but if there's a manual choice
+# it should override the default.  Seems like we have to remove the default to get that and have correct help text?
+if len(args.target) > 1:
+    args.target = args.target[1:]
+if len(args.mode) > 2:
+    args.mode = args.mode[2:]
+
+chosen_modes = [mode for mode in all_modes if mode.name in args.mode]
+chosen_targets = [target for target in all_targets if str(target.binary) in args.target]
+results = Results(config=None, hardware=None, targets={
+    str(t.binary): {m.name: None for m in chosen_modes} for t in chosen_targets}
+)
+debug = lambda text: args.debug and print(blue(text))
+
+async def clean_up_tempfiles() -> None:
+    shutil.rmtree(f"{args.basedir}/in")
+    for target in chosen_targets:
+        target.binary.unlink()
+        for mode in chosen_modes:
+            shutil.rmtree(f"{args.basedir}/out-{mode.name}-{str(target.binary)}")
+
+async def check_afl_persistent() -> bool:
+    with open("/proc/cmdline", "r") as cmdline:
+        return "mitigations=off" in cmdline.read().strip().split(" ")
+
+async def check_afl_system() -> bool:
+    sysctl = next((s for s in ["sysctl", "/sbin/sysctl"] if shutil.which(s)), None)
+    if sysctl:
+        (returncode, stdout, _) = await run_command([sysctl, "kernel.randomize_va_space"])
+        return returncode == 0 and stdout.decode().rstrip().split(" = ")[1] == "0"
+    return False
+
+async def prep_env() -> None:
+    Path(f"{args.basedir}/in").mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
+    with open(f"{args.basedir}/in/in.txt", "wb") as seed:
+        seed.write(b"\x00" * 10240)
+
+async def compile_target(source: Path, binary: Path) -> None:
+    print(f" [*] Compiling the {binary} fuzzing harness for the benchmark to use.")
+    (returncode, stdout, stderr) = await run_command(
+        [str(Path("../afl-clang-lto").resolve()), "-o", str(Path(binary.resolve())), str(Path(source).resolve())]
+    )
+    if returncode == 0:
+        return
+    print(yellow(f" [*] afl-clang-lto was unable to compile; falling back to afl-cc."))
+    (returncode, stdout, stderr) = await run_command(
+        [str(Path("../afl-cc").resolve()), "-o", str(Path(binary.resolve())), str(Path(source).resolve())]
+    )
+    if returncode != 0:
+        sys.exit(red(f" [*] Error: afl-cc is unable to compile: {stderr.decode()} {stdout.decode()}"))
+
+async def run_command(cmd: List[str]) -> Tuple[Optional[int], bytes, bytes]:
+    debug(f"Launching command: {cmd} with env {env_vars}")
+    p = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+        *cmd, stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE, stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE, env=env_vars
+    )
+    stdout, stderr = await p.communicate()
+    debug(f"Output: {stdout.decode()} {stderr.decode()}")
+    return (p.returncode, stdout, stderr)
+
+async def check_deps() -> None:
+    if not (plat := platform.system()) == "Linux": sys.exit(red(f" [*] {plat} is not supported by this script yet."))
+    if not os.access(Path("../afl-fuzz").resolve(), os.X_OK) and os.access(Path("../afl-cc").resolve(), os.X_OK) and (
+        os.path.exists(Path("../SanitizerCoveragePCGUARD.so").resolve())):
+        sys.exit(red(" [*] Compile AFL++: we need afl-fuzz, afl-clang-fast and SanitizerCoveragePCGUARD.so built."))
+
+    (returncode, stdout, stderr) = await run_command([str(Path("../afl-cc").resolve()), "-v"])
+    if returncode != 0:
+        sys.exit(red(f" [*] Error: afl-cc -v returned: {stderr.decode()} {stdout.decode()}"))
+    compiler = ""
+    target_arch = ""
+    for line in stderr.decode().split("\n"):
+        if "clang version" in line:
+            compiler = line
+        elif m := re.match(r"^Target: (.*)", line):
+            target_arch = m.group(1)
+
+    # Pick some sample settings from afl-{persistent,system}-config to try to see whether they were run.
+    afl_pc = await check_afl_persistent()
+    afl_sc = await check_afl_system()
+    if not afl_pc:
+        print(yellow(f" [*] afl-persistent-config did not run; run it to improve performance (and decrease security)."))
+    if not afl_sc:
+        print(yellow(f" [*] afl-system-config did not run; run it to improve performance (and decrease security)."))
+    results.config = Config(afl_persistent_config=afl_pc, afl_system_config=afl_sc, afl_version="",
+                            comment=args.comment, compiler=compiler, target_arch=target_arch)
+
+async def colon_values(filename: str, searchKey: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Return a colon-separated value given a key in a file, e.g. 'cpu MHz         : 4976.109')"""
+    with open(filename, "r") as fh:
+        kv_pairs = (line.split(": ", 1) for line in fh if ": " in line)
+        v_list = [v.rstrip() for k, v in kv_pairs if k.rstrip() == searchKey]
+        return v_list
+
+async def describe_afl_config() -> str:
+   if results.config is None:
+       return "unknown"
+   elif results.config.afl_persistent_config and results.config.afl_system_config:
+       return "both"
+   elif results.config.afl_persistent_config:
+       return "persistent"
+   elif results.config.afl_system_config:
+       return "system"
+   else:
+       return "none"
+
+async def save_benchmark_results() -> None:
+    """Append a single row to the benchmark results in JSON Lines format (which is simple to write and diff)."""
+    with open("benchmark-results.jsonl", "a") as jsonfile:
+        json.dump(asdict(results), jsonfile, sort_keys=True)
+        jsonfile.write("\n")
+        print(blue(f" [*] Results have been written to the {jsonfile.name} file."))
+    with open("COMPARISON.md", "r+") as comparisonfile:
+        described_config = await describe_afl_config()
+        aflconfig = described_config.ljust(12)
+        if results.hardware is None:
+            return
+        cpu_model = results.hardware.cpu_model.ljust(51)
+        if cpu_model in comparisonfile.read():
+            print(blue(f" [*] Results have not been written to the COMPARISON.md file; this CPU is already present."))
+            return
+        cpu_mhz = str(round(results.hardware.cpu_fastest_core_mhz)).ljust(5)
+        if not "test-instr-persist-shmem" in results.targets or \
+           not "multicore" in results.targets["test-instr-persist-shmem"] or \
+           not "singlecore" in results.targets["test-instr-persist-shmem"] or \
+           results.targets["test-instr-persist-shmem"]["singlecore"] is None or \
+           results.targets["test-instr-persist-shmem"]["multicore"] is None:
+            return
+        single = str(round(results.targets["test-instr-persist-shmem"]["singlecore"].execs_per_sec)).ljust(10)
+        multi = str(round(results.targets["test-instr-persist-shmem"]["multicore"].execs_per_sec)).ljust(9)
+        cores = str(args.fuzzers).ljust(7)
+        comparisonfile.write(f"|{cpu_model} | {cpu_mhz} | {cores} | {single} | {multi} | {aflconfig} |\n")
+        print(blue(f" [*] Results have been written to the COMPARISON.md file."))
+    with open("COMPARISON.md", "r") as comparisonfile:
+        print(comparisonfile.read())
+
+
+async def main() -> None:
+    try:
+        await clean_up_tempfiles()
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        pass
+    await check_deps()
+    if args.mhz:
+        cpu_mhz = float(args.mhz)
+    else:
+        cpu_mhz_str = await colon_values("/proc/cpuinfo", "cpu MHz")
+        if len(cpu_mhz_str) == 0:
+            cpu_mhz_str.append("0")
+        cpu_mhz = max([float(c) for c in cpu_mhz_str]) # use the fastest CPU MHz for now
+    if args.cpu:
+        cpu_model = [args.cpu]
+    else:
+        cpu_model = await colon_values("/proc/cpuinfo", "model name") or [""]
+    results.hardware = Hardware(cpu_fastest_core_mhz=cpu_mhz, cpu_model=cpu_model[0], cpu_threads=cpu_count)
+    await prep_env()
+    print(f" [*] Ready, starting benchmark...")
+    for target in chosen_targets:
+        await compile_target(target.source, target.binary)
+        binary = str(target.binary)
+        for mode in chosen_modes:
+            if mode == Mode.multicore:
+                print(blue(f" [*] Using {args.fuzzers} fuzzers for multicore fuzzing "), end="")
+                print(blue("(use --fuzzers to override)." if args.fuzzers == cpu_count else f"(the default is {cpu_count})"))
+            execs_per_sec, execs_total = ([] for _ in range(2))
+            for run_idx in range(0, args.runs):
+                print(gray(f" [*] {mode.name} {binary} run {run_idx+1} of {args.runs}, execs/s: "), end="", flush=True)
+                fuzzers = range(0, args.fuzzers if mode == Mode.multicore else 1)
+                outdir = f"{args.basedir}/out-{mode.name}-{binary}"
+                cmds = []
+                for fuzzer_idx, afl in enumerate(fuzzers):
+                    name = ["-o", outdir, "-M" if fuzzer_idx == 0 else "-S", str(afl)]
+                    cmds.append(["afl-fuzz", "-i", f"{args.basedir}/in"] + name + ["-s", "123", "-V10", "-D", f"./{binary}"])
+                # Prepare the afl-fuzz tasks, and then block while waiting for them to finish.
+                fuzztasks = [run_command(cmds[cpu]) for cpu in fuzzers]
+                await asyncio.gather(*fuzztasks)
+                afl_versions = await colon_values(f"{outdir}/0/fuzzer_stats", "afl_version")
+                if results.config:
+                    results.config.afl_version = afl_versions[0]
+                # Our score is the sum of all execs_per_sec entries in fuzzer_stats files for the run.
+                sectasks = [colon_values(f"{outdir}/{afl}/fuzzer_stats", "execs_per_sec") for afl in fuzzers]
+                all_execs_per_sec = await asyncio.gather(*sectasks)
+                execs = sum([Decimal(count[0]) for count in all_execs_per_sec])
+                print(green(execs))
+                execs_per_sec.append(execs)
+                # Also gather execs_total and total_run_time for this run.
+                exectasks = [colon_values(f"{outdir}/{afl}/fuzzer_stats", "execs_done") for afl in fuzzers]
+                all_execs_total = await asyncio.gather(*exectasks)
+                execs_total.append(sum([Decimal(count[0]) for count in all_execs_total]))
+
+            # (Using float() because Decimal() is not JSON-serializable.)
+            avg_afl_execs_per_sec = round(Decimal(sum(execs_per_sec) / len(execs_per_sec)), 2)
+            afl_execs_total = int(sum([Decimal(execs) for execs in execs_total]))
+            run = Run(execs_per_sec=float(avg_afl_execs_per_sec), execs_total=afl_execs_total, fuzzers_used=len(fuzzers))
+            results.targets[binary][mode.name] = run
+            print(f" [*] Average execs/sec for this test across all runs was: {green(avg_afl_execs_per_sec)}")
+            if (((max(execs_per_sec) - min(execs_per_sec)) / avg_afl_execs_per_sec) * 100) > 15:
+                print(yellow(" [*] The difference between your slowest and fastest runs was >15%, maybe try again?"))
+
+    await clean_up_tempfiles()
+    await save_benchmark_results()
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())
+

coresight_mode/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+.local
+glibc*

coresight_mode/GNUmakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env make
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# Copyright 2021 Ricerca Security, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+SHELL:=bash
+PREFIX?=$(shell pwd)/.local
+
+CS_TRACE:=coresight-trace
+
+PATCHELF?=$(PREFIX)/bin/patchelf
+
+PATCH_DIR:=patches
+
+GLIBC_VER:=2.33
+GLIBC_NAME:=glibc-$(GLIBC_VER)
+GLIBC_URL_BASE:=http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc
+GLIBC_LDSO?=$(PREFIX)/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1
+
+OUTPUT?="$(TARGET).patched"
+
+all: build
+
+build:
+	git submodule update --init --recursive $(CS_TRACE)
+	$(MAKE) -C $(CS_TRACE)
+	cp $(CS_TRACE)/cs-proxy ../afl-cs-proxy
+
+patch: | $(PATCHELF) $(GLIBC_LDSO)
+	@if test -z "$(TARGET)"; then echo "TARGET is not set"; exit 1; fi
+	$(PATCHELF) \
+	  --set-interpreter $(GLIBC_LDSO) \
+	  --set-rpath $(dir $(GLIBC_LDSO)) \
+	  --output $(OUTPUT) \
+	  $(TARGET)
+
+$(PATCHELF): patchelf
+	git submodule update --init $<
+	cd $< && \
+	  ./bootstrap.sh && \
+	  ./configure --prefix=$(PREFIX) && \
+	  $(MAKE) && \
+	  $(MAKE) check && \
+	  $(MAKE) install
+
+$(GLIBC_LDSO): | $(GLIBC_NAME).tar.xz
+	tar -xf $(GLIBC_NAME).tar.xz
+	for file in $(shell find $(PATCH_DIR) -maxdepth 1 -type f); do \
+	  patch -p1 < $$file ; \
+	done
+	mkdir -p $(GLIBC_NAME)/build
+	cd $(GLIBC_NAME)/build && \
+	  ../configure --prefix=$(PREFIX) && \
+	  $(MAKE) && \
+	  $(MAKE) install
+
+$(GLIBC_NAME).tar.xz:
+	wget -qO $@ $(GLIBC_URL_BASE)/$@
+
+clean:
+	$(MAKE) -C $(CS_TRACE) clean
+
+.PHONY: all build patch clean

coresight_mode/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env make
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# Copyright 2021 Ricerca Security, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+all:
+	@echo trying to use GNU make...
+	@gmake all || echo please install GNUmake
+
+build:
+	@echo trying to use GNU make...
+	@gmake build || echo please install GNUmake
+
+patch:
+	@echo trying to use GNU make...
+	@gmake patch || echo please install GNUmake
+
+clean:
+	@echo trying to use GNU make...
+	@gmake clean || echo please install GNUmake
+
+.PHONY: all build patch clean

coresight_mode/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# AFL++ CoreSight mode
+
+CoreSight mode enables binary-only fuzzing on ARM64 Linux using CoreSight (ARM's hardware tracing technology).
+
+NOTE: CoreSight mode is in the early development stage. Not applicable for production use.
+Currently the following hardware boards are supported:
+* NVIDIA Jetson TX2 (NVIDIA Parker)
+* NVIDIA Jetson Nano (NVIDIA Tegra X1)
+* GIGABYTE R181-T90 (Marvell ThunderX2 CN99XX)
+
+## Getting started
+
+Please read the [RICSec/coresight-trace README](https://github.com/RICSecLab/coresight-trace/blob/master/README.md) and check the prerequisites (capstone) before getting started.
+
+CoreSight mode supports the AFL++ fork server mode to reduce `exec` system call
+overhead. To support it for binary-only fuzzing, it needs to modify the target
+ELF binary to re-link to the patched glibc. We employ this design from
+[PTrix](https://github.com/junxzm1990/afl-pt).
+
+Check out all the git submodules in the `cs_mode` directory:
+
+```bash
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+```
+
+### Build coresight-trace
+
+There are some notes on building coresight-trace. Refer to the [README](https://github.com/RICSecLab/coresight-trace/blob/master/README.md) for the details. Run make in the `cs_mode` directory:
+
+```bash
+make build
+```
+
+Make sure `cs-proxy` is placed in the AFL++ root directory as `afl-cs-proxy`.
+
+### Patch COTS binary
+
+The fork server mode requires patchelf and the patched glibc. The dependency build can be done by just run make:
+
+```bash
+make patch TARGET=$BIN
+```
+
+The above make command builds and installs the dependencies to `$PREFIX` (default to `$PWD/.local`) at the first time. Then, it runs `patchelf` to `$BIN` with output `$OUTPUT` (`$BIN.patched` by default).
+
+### Run afl-fuzz
+
+Run `afl-fuzz` with `-A` option to use CoreSight mode.
+
+```bash
+sudo afl-fuzz -A -i input -o output -- $OUTPUT @@
+```
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+There are AFL++ CoreSight mode-specific environment variables for run-time configuration.
+
+* `AFL_CS_CUSTOM_BIN` overrides the proxy application path. `afl-cs-proxy` will be used if not defined.
+
+* `AFLCS_COV` specifies coverage type on CoreSight trace decoding. `edge` and `path` is supported. The default value is `edge`.
+* `AFLCS_UDMABUF` is the u-dma-buf device number used to store trace data in the DMA region. The default value is `0`.
+
+## TODO List
+
+* Eliminate modified glibc dependency
+* Support parallel fuzzing
+
+## Acknowledgements
+
+This project has received funding from the Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency (ATLA) under the National Security Technology Research Promotion Fund 2021 (JPJ004596).

coresight_mode/patches/0001-Add-AFL-forkserver.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+diff --git a/glibc-2.33/elf/rtld.c b/glibc-2.33/elf/rtld.c
+index 596b6ac3..2ee270d4 100644
+--- a/glibc-2.33/elf/rtld.c
++++ b/glibc-2.33/elf/rtld.c
+@@ -169,6 +169,99 @@ uintptr_t __pointer_chk_guard_local
+ strong_alias (__pointer_chk_guard_local, __pointer_chk_guard)
+ #endif
+ 
++#define AFLCS_RTLD 1
++
++#if AFLCS_RTLD
++
++#include <sys/shm.h>
++#include <sys/types.h>
++#include <sys/wait.h>
++#include <dlfcn.h>
++#include <signal.h>
++
++#include <asm/unistd.h>
++#include <unistd.h>
++
++#define FORKSRV_FD 198
++
++#define AFLCS_ENABLE "__AFLCS_ENABLE"
++
++/* We use this additional AFLCS_# AFLCS_#+1 pair to communicate with proxy */
++#define AFLCS_FORKSRV_FD (FORKSRV_FD - 3)
++#define AFLCS_RTLD_SNIPPET do { __cs_start_forkserver(); } while(0)
++
++/* Fork server logic, invoked before we return from _dl_start. */
++
++static void __cs_start_forkserver(void) {
++  int status;
++  pid_t child_pid;
++  static char tmp[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
++
++  if (!getenv(AFLCS_ENABLE)) {
++    return;
++  }
++
++  if (write(AFLCS_FORKSRV_FD + 1, tmp, 4) != 4) {
++    _exit(-1);
++  }
++
++  /* All right, let's await orders... */
++  while (1) {
++    /* Whoops, parent dead? */
++    if (read(AFLCS_FORKSRV_FD, tmp, 4) != 4) {
++      _exit(1);
++    }
++
++    child_pid = INLINE_SYSCALL(clone, 5,
++        CLONE_CHILD_SETTID | CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID | SIGCHLD, 0,
++        NULL, NULL, &THREAD_SELF->tid);
++    if (child_pid < 0) {
++      _exit(4);
++    }
++    if (!child_pid) {
++      /* Child process. Wait for parent start tracing */
++      kill(getpid(), SIGSTOP);
++      /* Close descriptors and run free. */
++      close(AFLCS_FORKSRV_FD);
++      close(AFLCS_FORKSRV_FD + 1);
++      return;
++    }
++
++    /* Parent. */
++    if (write(AFLCS_FORKSRV_FD + 1, &child_pid, 4) != 4) {
++      _exit(5);
++    }
++
++    /* Wait until SIGCONT is signaled. */
++    if (waitpid(child_pid, &status, WCONTINUED) < 0) {
++      _exit(6);
++    }
++    if (!WIFCONTINUED(status)) {
++      /* Relay status to proxy. */
++      if (write(AFLCS_FORKSRV_FD + 1, &status, 4) != 4) {
++        _exit(7);
++      }
++      continue;
++    }
++    while (1) {
++      /* Get status. */
++      if (waitpid(child_pid, &status, WUNTRACED) < 0) {
++        _exit(8);
++      }
++      /* Relay status to proxy. */
++      if (write(AFLCS_FORKSRV_FD + 1, &status, 4) != 4) {
++        _exit(9);
++      }
++      if (!(WIFSTOPPED(status) && WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGSTOP)) {
++        /* The child process is exited. */
++        break;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++}
++
++#endif /* AFLCS_RTLD */
++
+ /* Check that AT_SECURE=0, or that the passed name does not contain
+    directories and is not overly long.  Reject empty names
+    unconditionally.  */
+@@ -588,6 +681,12 @@ _dl_start (void *arg)
+ # define ELF_MACHINE_START_ADDRESS(map, start) (start)
+ #endif
+ 
++    /* AFL-CS-START */
++#if AFLCS_RTLD
++    AFLCS_RTLD_SNIPPET;
++#endif
++    /* AFL-CS-END */
++
+     return ELF_MACHINE_START_ADDRESS (GL(dl_ns)[LM_ID_BASE]._ns_loaded, entry);
+   }
+ }

custom_mutators/Android.bp

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+cc_library_shared {
+  name: "libfuzzer-mutator",
+  vendor_available: true,
+  host_supported: true,
+
+  cflags: [
+    "-g",
+    "-O0",
+    "-funroll-loops",
+    "-fPIC",
+    "-fpermissive",
+    "-std=c++11",
+    "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    "-Wno-unused-variable",
+  ],
+
+  srcs: [
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerCrossOver.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerDataFlowTrace.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerDriver.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsDlsym.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsWeak.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsWindows.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerExtraCounters.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerFork.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerIO.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerIOPosix.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerIOWindows.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerLoop.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerMerge.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerMutate.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerSHA1.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerTracePC.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerUtil.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerUtilDarwin.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerUtilFuchsia.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerUtilLinux.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerUtilPosix.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/FuzzerUtilWindows.cpp",
+    "libfuzzer/libfuzzer.cpp",
+  ],
+
+  header_libs: [
+    "libafl_headers",
+  ],
+}
+
+/*cc_library_shared {
+  name: "honggfuzz-mutator",
+  vendor_available: true,
+  host_supported: true,
+
+  cflags: [
+    "-g",
+    "-O0",
+    "-funroll-loops",
+    "-fPIC",
+    "-Wl,-Bsymbolic",
+  ],
+
+  srcs: [
+    "honggfuzz/honggfuzz.c",
+    "honggfuzz/mangle.c",
+//    "../src/afl-perfomance.c",
+  ],
+
+  header_libs: [
+    "libafl_headers",
+  ],
+}*/
+
+cc_library_shared {
+  name: "radamsa-mutator",
+  vendor_available: true,
+  host_supported: true,
+
+  cflags: [
+    "-g",
+    "-O0",
+    "-funroll-loops",
+    "-fPIC",
+    "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    "-Wno-unused-function",
+  ],
+
+  srcs: [
+    "radamsa/libradamsa.c",
+    "radamsa/radamsa-mutator.c",
+  ],
+
+  header_libs: [
+    "libafl_headers",
+  ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+  name: "symcc-mutator",
+  vendor_available: true,
+  host_supported: true,
+
+  cflags: [
+    "-g",
+    "-O0",
+    "-funroll-loops",
+    "-fPIC",
+    "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    "-Wno-pointer-sign",
+  ],
+
+  srcs: [
+    "symcc/symcc.c",
+  ],
+
+  header_libs: [
+    "libafl_headers",
+  ],
+}
+
+subdirs = [
+  "libprotobuf-mutator-example",
+]

custom_mutators/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# Custom Mutators
+
+Custom mutators enhance and alter the mutation strategies of AFL++.
+For further information and documentation on how to write your own, read [the docs](../docs/custom_mutators.md).
+
+## Examples
+
+The `./examples` folder contains examples for custom mutators in python and C.
+
+## Rust
+
+In `./rust`, you will find rust bindings, including a simple example in `./rust/example` and an example for structured fuzzing, based on lain, in`./rust/example_lain`.
+
+## Production-Ready Custom Mutators
+
+This directory holds ready to use custom mutators.
+Just type "make" in the individual subdirectories.
+
+Use with e.g.
+
+`AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_LIBRARY=custom_mutators/radamsa/radamsa-mutator.so afl-fuzz ....`
+
+and add `AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_ONLY=1` if you only want to use the custom mutator.
+
+Multiple custom mutators can be used by separating their paths with `:` in the environment variable.
+
+### The AFL++ grammar agnostic grammar mutator
+
+In `./autotokens` you find a token-level fuzzer that does not need to know
+anything about the grammar of an input as long as it is in ascii and allows
+whitespace.
+It is very fast and effective.
+
+If you are looking for an example of how to effectively create a custom
+mutator take a look at this one.
+
+### The AFL++ Grammar Mutator
+
+If you use git to clone AFL++, then the following will incorporate our
+excellent grammar custom mutator:
+
+```sh
+git submodule update --init
+```
+
+Read the README in the [Grammar-Mutator] repository on how to use it.
+
+[Grammar-Mutator]: https://github.com/AFLplusplus/Grammar-Mutator
+
+Note that this custom mutator is not very good though!
+
+### Other Mutators
+
+atnwalk and gramatron are grammar custom mutators. Example grammars are
+provided.
+
+honggfuzz, libfuzzer and  libafl are partial implementations based on the
+mutator implementations of the respective fuzzers. 
+More for playing than serious usage.
+
+radamsa is slow and not very good.
+
+## 3rd Party Custom Mutators
+
+### Superion Mutators
+
+Adrian Tiron ported the Superion grammar fuzzer to AFL++, it is WIP and
+requires cmake (among other things):
+[https://github.com/adrian-rt/superion-mutator](https://github.com/adrian-rt/superion-mutator)
+
+### libprotobuf Mutators
+
+There are three WIP protobuf projects, that require work to be working though:
+
+ASN.1 example:
+[https://github.com/airbus-seclab/AFLplusplus-blogpost/tree/main/src/mutator](https://github.com/airbus-seclab/AFLplusplus-blogpost/tree/main/src/mutator)
+
+transforms protobuf raw:
+[https://github.com/bruce30262/libprotobuf-mutator_fuzzing_learning/tree/master/4_libprotobuf_aflpp_custom_mutator](https://github.com/bruce30262/libprotobuf-mutator_fuzzing_learning/tree/master/4_libprotobuf_aflpp_custom_mutator)
+
+has a transform function you need to fill for your protobuf format, however
+needs to be ported to the updated AFL++ custom mutator API (not much work):
+[https://github.com/thebabush/afl-libprotobuf-mutator](https://github.com/thebabush/afl-libprotobuf-mutator)
+
+same as above but is for current AFL++:
+[https://github.com/P1umer/AFLplusplus-protobuf-mutator](https://github.com/P1umer/AFLplusplus-protobuf-mutator)

custom_mutators/aflpp/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+CFLAGS = -O3 -funroll-loops -fPIC -Wl,-Bsymbolic
+
+all: aflpp-mutator.so
+
+aflpp-mutator.so:	aflpp.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -I../../include -I. -shared -o aflpp-mutator.so aflpp.c ../../src/afl-performance.c
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o *~ *.so core

custom_mutators/aflpp/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# custum mutator: AFL++
+
+this is the AFL++ havoc mutator as a custom mutator module for AFL++.
+
+just type `make` to build
+
+```AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_LIBRARY=custom_mutators/aflpp/aflpp-mutator.so afl-fuzz ...```
+

custom_mutators/aflpp/aflpp.c

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+#include "afl-mutations.h"
+
+typedef struct my_mutator {
+
+  afl_state_t *afl;
+  u8          *buf;
+  u32          buf_size;
+
+} my_mutator_t;
+
+my_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_state_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
+
+  (void)seed;
+
+  my_mutator_t *data = calloc(1, sizeof(my_mutator_t));
+  if (!data) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  if ((data->buf = malloc(MAX_FILE)) == NULL) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  } else {
+
+    data->buf_size = MAX_FILE;
+
+  }
+
+  data->afl = afl;
+
+  return data;
+
+}
+
+/* here we run the AFL++ mutator, which is the best! */
+
+size_t afl_custom_fuzz(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size,
+                       u8 **out_buf, uint8_t *add_buf, size_t add_buf_size,
+                       size_t max_size) {
+
+  if (max_size > data->buf_size) {
+
+    u8 *ptr = realloc(data->buf, max_size);
+
+    if (ptr) {
+
+      return 0;
+
+    } else {
+
+      data->buf = ptr;
+      data->buf_size = max_size;
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  u32 havoc_steps = 1 + rand_below(data->afl, 16);
+
+  /* set everything up, costly ... :( */
+  memcpy(data->buf, buf, buf_size);
+
+  /* the mutation */
+  u32 out_buf_len = afl_mutate(data->afl, data->buf, buf_size, havoc_steps,
+                               false, true, add_buf, add_buf_size, max_size);
+
+  /* return size of mutated data */
+  *out_buf = data->buf;
+  return out_buf_len;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deinitialize everything
+ *
+ * @param data The data ptr from afl_custom_init
+ */
+void afl_custom_deinit(my_mutator_t *data) {
+
+  free(data->buf);
+  free(data);
+
+}
+

custom_mutators/aflpp/standalone/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+CFLAGS = -O3 -funroll-loops -fPIC
+
+all: aflpp-standalone
+
+aflpp-standalone:	aflpp-standalone.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -I../../../include -I. -o aflpp-standalone aflpp-standalone.c ../../../src/afl-performance.c
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o *~ aflpp-standalone core

custom_mutators/aflpp/standalone/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# AFL++ standalone mutator
+
+this is the AFL++ havoc mutator as a standalone mutator
+
+just type `make` to build.
+
+```
+aflpp-standalone inputfile outputfile [splicefile]
+```
+

custom_mutators/aflpp/standalone/aflpp-standalone.c

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+#include "afl-mutations.h"
+
+typedef struct my_mutator {
+
+  afl_state_t *afl;
+  u8          *buf;
+  u32          buf_size;
+
+} my_mutator_t;
+
+my_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_state_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
+
+  (void)seed;
+
+  my_mutator_t *data = calloc(1, sizeof(my_mutator_t));
+  if (!data) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  if ((data->buf = malloc(1024*1024)) == NULL) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  } else {
+
+    data->buf_size = 1024*1024;
+
+  }
+
+  /* fake AFL++ state */
+  data->afl = calloc(1, sizeof(afl_state_t));
+  data->afl->queue_cycle = 1;
+  data->afl->fsrv.dev_urandom_fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
+  if (data->afl->fsrv.dev_urandom_fd < 0) { PFATAL("Unable to open /dev/urandom"); }
+  rand_set_seed(data->afl, getpid());
+
+  return data;
+
+}
+
+/* here we run the AFL++ mutator, which is the best! */
+
+size_t afl_custom_fuzz(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size,
+                       u8 **out_buf, uint8_t *add_buf, size_t add_buf_size,
+                       size_t max_size) {
+
+  if (max_size > data->buf_size) {
+
+    u8 *ptr = realloc(data->buf, max_size);
+
+    if (ptr) {
+
+      return 0;
+
+    } else {
+
+      data->buf = ptr;
+      data->buf_size = max_size;
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  u32 havoc_steps = 1 + rand_below(data->afl, 16);
+
+  /* set everything up, costly ... :( */
+  memcpy(data->buf, buf, buf_size);
+
+  /* the mutation */
+  u32 out_buf_len = afl_mutate(data->afl, data->buf, buf_size, havoc_steps,
+                               false, true, add_buf, add_buf_size, max_size);
+
+  /* return size of mutated data */
+  *out_buf = data->buf;
+  return out_buf_len;
+
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+  if (argc > 1 && strncmp(argv[1], "-h", 2) == 0) {
+    printf("Syntax: %s [-v] [inputfile [outputfile [splicefile]]]\n\n", argv[0]);
+    printf("Reads a testcase from stdin when no input file (or '-') is specified,\n");
+    printf("mutates according to AFL++'s mutation engine, and write to stdout when '-' or\n");
+    printf("no output filename is given. As an optional third parameter you can give a file\n");
+    printf("for splicing. Maximum input and output length is 1MB.\n");
+    printf("The -v verbose option prints debug output to stderr.\n");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  FILE *in = stdin, *out = stdout, *splice = NULL;
+  unsigned char *inbuf = malloc(1024 * 1024), *outbuf, *splicebuf = NULL;
+  int verbose = 0, splicelen = 0;
+
+  if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-v") == 0) {
+    verbose = 1;
+    argc--;
+    argv++;
+    fprintf(stderr, "Verbose active\n");
+  }
+
+  my_mutator_t *data = afl_custom_init(NULL, 0);
+
+  if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-") != 0) {
+    if ((in = fopen(argv[1], "r")) == NULL) {
+      perror(argv[1]);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, "Input: %s\n", argv[1]);
+  }
+
+  size_t inlen = fread(inbuf, 1, 1024*1024, in);
+  
+  if (!inlen) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Error: empty file %s\n", argv[1] ? argv[1] : "stdin");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (argc > 2 && strcmp(argv[2], "-") != 0) {
+    if ((out = fopen(argv[2], "w")) == NULL) {
+      perror(argv[2]);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, "Output: %s\n", argv[2]);
+  }
+
+  if (argc > 3) {
+    if ((splice = fopen(argv[3], "r")) == NULL) {
+      perror(argv[3]);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, "Splice: %s\n", argv[3]);
+    splicebuf = malloc(1024*1024);
+    size_t splicelen = fread(splicebuf, 1, 1024*1024, splice);
+    if (!splicelen) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Error: empty file %s\n", argv[3]);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, "Mutation splice length: %zu\n", splicelen);
+  }
+
+  if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, "Mutation input length: %zu\n", inlen);
+  unsigned int outlen = afl_custom_fuzz(data, inbuf, inlen, &outbuf, splicebuf, splicelen, 1024*1024);
+
+  if (outlen == 0 || !outbuf) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Error: no mutation data returned.\n");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, "Mutation output length: %u\n", outlen);
+
+  if (fwrite(outbuf, 1, outlen, out) != outlen) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Warning: incomplete write.\n");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  
+  return 0;
+}

custom_mutators/aflpp_tritondse/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# An AFL++ custom mutator using TritonDSE
+
+## Installing the requirements
+
+`pip3 install tritondse`
+
+## How to run with an example
+
+```
+../../afl-cc -o ../../test-instr ../../test-instr.c
+mkdir -p in
+echo aaaa > in/in
+AFL_DISABLE_TRIM=1 AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_ONLY=1 AFL_SYNC_TIME=1 AFL_PYTHON_MODULE=aflpp_tritondse PYTHONPATH=. ../../afl-fuzz -i in -o out -- ../../test-instr
+```
+
+Note that this custom mutator works differently, new finds are synced
+after 10-60 seconds to the fuzzing instance. This is necessary because only
+C/C++ custom mutators have access to the internal AFL++ state.
+
+Note that you should run first with `AFL_DEBUG` for 5-10 minutes and see if
+all important libraries and syscalls are hooked (look at `WARNING` and `CRITICAL`
+output during the run, best use with `AFL_NO_UI=1`)

custom_mutators/aflpp_tritondse/aflpp_tritondse.py

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+import sys
+import os
+import logging
+import hashlib
+
+from tritondse import CleLoader
+from tritondse import CompositeData
+from tritondse import Config
+from tritondse import CoverageStrategy
+from tritondse import ProcessState
+from tritondse import Program
+from tritondse import Seed
+from tritondse import SeedFormat
+from tritondse import SymbolicExecutor
+from tritondse import SymbolicExplorator
+
+is_debug = False
+out_path = ""
+input_file = None
+prog = None
+config = None
+dse = None
+cycle = 0
+count = 0
+finding = 0
+hashes = set()
+format = SeedFormat.RAW
+
+def pre_exec_hook(se: SymbolicExecutor, state: ProcessState):
+    global count
+    global hashes
+    global finding
+    if se.seed.hash not in hashes:
+        hashes.add(se.seed.hash)
+        finding = 1
+        filename = out_path + "/id:" + f"{count:06}" + "," + se.seed.hash
+        if not os.path.exists(filename):
+            if is_debug:
+                print('Creating queue input ' + filename)
+            with open(filename, 'wb') as file:
+                if input_file:
+                    file.write(se.seed.content.files[input_file])
+                else:
+                    file.write(se.seed.content)
+                count += 1
+    #if input_file:
+    #    if is_debug:
+    #        print('Writing to ' + input_file + ' the content: ' + str(se.seed.content))
+    #    with open(input_file, 'wb') as file:
+    #        file.write(se.seed.content)
+
+
+#def rtn_open(se: SymbolicExecutor, pstate: ProcessState, pc):
+#    """
+#    The open behavior.
+#    """
+#    logging.debug('open hooked')
+#
+#    # Get arguments
+#    arg0 = pstate.get_argument_value(0)  # const char *pathname
+#    flags = pstate.get_argument_value(1)  # int flags
+#    mode = pstate.get_argument_value(2)  # int mode
+#    arg0s = pstate.memory.read_string(arg0)
+#
+#    # Concretize the whole path name
+#    pstate.concretize_memory_bytes(arg0, len(arg0s)+1)  # Concretize the whole string + \0
+#
+#    # We use flags as concrete value
+#    pstate.concretize_argument(1)
+#
+#    # Use the flags to open the file in the write mode.
+#    mode = ""
+#    if (flags & 0xFF) == 0x00:   # O_RDONLY
+#        mode = "r"
+#    elif (flags & 0xFF) == 0x01: # O_WRONLY
+#        mode = "w"
+#    elif (flags & 0xFF) == 0x02: # O_RDWR
+#        mode = "r+"
+#
+#    if (flags & 0x0100): # O_CREAT
+#        mode += "x"
+#    if (flags & 0x0200): # O_APPEND
+#        mode = "a"  # replace completely value
+#
+#    if se.seed.is_file_defined(arg0s) and "r" in mode:  # input file and opened in reading
+#        logging.info(f"opening an input file: {arg0s}")
+#        # Program is opening an input
+#        data = se.seed.get_file_input(arg0s)
+#        filedesc = pstate.create_file_descriptor(arg0s, io.BytesIO(data))
+#        fd = filedesc.id
+#    else:
+#        # Try to open it as a regular file
+#        try:
+#            fd = open(arg0s, mode)  # use the mode here
+#            filedesc = pstate.create_file_descriptor(arg0s, fd)
+#            fd = filedesc.id
+#        except Exception as e:
+#            logging.debug(f"Failed to open {arg0s} {e}")
+#            fd = pstate.minus_one
+#
+#    pstate.write_register("rax", fd)  # write the return value
+#    pstate.cpu.program_counter = pstate.pop_stack_value()  # pop the return value
+#    se.skip_instruction()  # skip the current instruction so that the engine go straight fetching the next instruction
+
+
+def init(seed):
+    global config
+    global dse
+    global format
+    global input_file
+    global is_debug
+    global out_path
+    global prog
+    # Load the program (LIEF-based program loader).
+    prog = CleLoader(os.environ['AFL_CUSTOM_INFO_PROGRAM'])
+    # Process other configuration environment variables.
+    argv = None
+    try:
+        foo = os.environ['AFL_DEBUG']
+        is_debug = True
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+    if is_debug:
+        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING)
+    else:
+        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.CRITICAL)
+    try:
+        foo = os.environ['AFL_CUSTOM_INFO_OUT']
+        out_path = foo + '/../tritondse/queue'
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+    try:
+        foo = os.environ['AFL_CUSTOM_INFO_PROGRAM_INPUT']
+        input_file = foo
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+    try:
+        argv_list = os.environ['AFL_CUSTOM_INFO_PROGRAM_ARGV']
+        argv_tmp = [ os.environ['AFL_CUSTOM_INFO_PROGRAM'] ]
+        argv_tmp += argv_list.split()
+        argv = []
+        # now check for @@
+        for item in argv_tmp:
+            if "@@" in item:
+                input_file = out_path + '/../.input'
+                argv.append(input_file)
+            else:
+                argv.append(item)
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+    # Create the output directory
+    os.makedirs(out_path, exist_ok=True)
+    # Debug
+    if is_debug:
+        print('DEBUG target: ' + os.environ['AFL_CUSTOM_INFO_PROGRAM'])
+        if argv:
+            print('DEBUG argv: ')
+            print(argv)
+        if input_file:
+            print('DEBUG input_file: ' + input_file)
+        print('DEBUG out_path: ' + out_path)
+        print('')
+    if input_file:
+        format = SeedFormat.COMPOSITE
+    # Now set up TritonDSE
+    config = Config(coverage_strategy = CoverageStrategy.PATH,
+    #                debug = is_debug,
+                    pipe_stdout = is_debug,
+                    pipe_stderr = is_debug,
+                    execution_timeout = 1,
+                    program_argv = argv,
+                    smt_timeout= 50,
+                    seed_format = format)
+    # Create an instance of the Symbolic Explorator
+    dse = SymbolicExplorator(config, prog)
+    # Add callbacks.
+    dse.callback_manager.register_pre_execution_callback(pre_exec_hook)
+    #dse.callback_manager.register_function_callback("open", rtn_open)
+
+
+def fuzz(buf, add_buf, max_size):
+    global finding
+    finding = 1
+    while finding == 1:
+      finding = 0
+      dse.step()
+    return b""
+
+
+def queue_new_entry(filename_new_queue, filename_orig_queue):
+    global cycle
+    global dse
+    # Add seed to the worklist.
+    with open(filename_new_queue, "rb") as file:
+        data = file.read()
+    hash = hashlib.md5(data).hexdigest()
+    if hash not in hashes:
+        hashes.add(hash)
+        if is_debug:
+            print("NEW FILE " + filename_new_queue + " hash " + hash + " count " + str(cycle))
+            cycle += 1
+        if input_file:
+            seed = Seed(CompositeData(files={"stdin": b"", # nothing on stdin
+                                  input_file: data}))
+        else:
+            seed = Seed(data)
+        dse.add_input_seed(seed)
+        # Start exploration!
+        #dse.step()
+        #dse.explore()
+    pass
+
+
+# we simulate just doing one single fuzz in the custom mutator
+def fuzz_count(buf):
+    return 1
+
+
+def splice_optout():
+    pass

custom_mutators/atnwalk/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+all:	atnwalk.so
+
+atnwalk.so:	atnwalk.c
+	$(CC) -I ../../include/ -shared -fPIC -O3 -o atnwalk.so atnwalk.c
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.so *.o *~ core

custom_mutators/atnwalk/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# ATNwalk: Grammar-Based Fuzzing using Only Bit-Mutations
+
+This is a custom mutator integration of ATNwalk that works by communicating via UNIX domain sockets.
+
+Refer to [https://github.com/atnwalk/testbed](https://github.com/atnwalk/testbed) for detailed instructions on how to get ATNwalk running.
+
+## Build
+
+Just type `make` to build `atnwalk.so`.
+
+## Run
+
+**NOTE:** The commands below just demonstrate an example how running ATNwalk looks like and require a working [testbed](https://github.com/atnwalk/testbed)
+
+```bash
+# create the required a random seed first
+mkdir -p ~/campaign/example/seeds
+cd ~/campaign/example/seeds
+head -c1 /dev/urandom | ~/atnwalk/build/javascript/bin/decode -wb > seed.decoded 2> seed.encoded
+
+# create the required atnwalk directory and copy the seed
+cd ../
+mkdir -p atnwalk/in
+cp ./seeds/seed.encoded atnwalk/in/seed
+cd atnwalk
+
+# assign to a single core when benchmarking it, change the CPU number as required
+CPU_ID=0
+
+# start the ATNwalk server
+nohup taskset -c ${CPU_ID} ${HOME}/atnwalk/build/javascript/bin/server 100 > server.log 2>&1 &
+
+# start AFL++ with ATNwalk
+AFL_SKIP_CPUFREQ=1 \
+  AFL_DISABLE_TRIM=1 \
+  AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_ONLY=1 \
+  AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_LIBRARY=${HOME}/AFLplusplus/custom_mutators/atnwalk/atnwalk.so \
+  AFL_POST_PROCESS_KEEP_ORIGINAL=1 \
+  ~/AFLplusplus/afl-fuzz -t 100 -i in/ -o out -b ${CPU_ID} -- ~/jerryscript/build/bin/jerry
+
+# make sure to kill the ATNwalk server process after you're done
+kill "$(cat atnwalk.pid)"
+```

custom_mutators/atnwalk/atnwalk.c

@@ -0,0 +1,539 @@
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define BUF_SIZE_INIT 4096
+#define SOCKET_NAME "./atnwalk.socket"
+
+// how many errors (e.g. timeouts) to tolerate until moving on to the next queue
+// entry
+#define ATNWALK_ERRORS_MAX 1
+
+// how many execution timeouts to tolerate until moving on to the next queue
+// entry
+#define EXEC_TIMEOUT_MAX 2
+
+// handshake constants
+const uint8_t SERVER_ARE_YOU_ALIVE = 213;
+const uint8_t SERVER_YES_I_AM_ALIVE = 42;
+
+// control bits
+const uint8_t SERVER_CROSSOVER_BIT = 0b00000001;
+const uint8_t SERVER_MUTATE_BIT = 0b00000010;
+const uint8_t SERVER_DECODE_BIT = 0b00000100;
+const uint8_t SERVER_ENCODE_BIT = 0b00001000;
+
+typedef struct atnwalk_mutator {
+
+  afl_state_t *afl;
+  uint8_t      atnwalk_error_count;
+  uint64_t     prev_timeouts;
+  uint32_t     prev_hits;
+  uint32_t     stage_havoc_cur;
+  uint32_t     stage_havoc_max;
+  uint32_t     stage_splice_cur;
+  uint32_t     stage_splice_max;
+  uint8_t     *fuzz_buf;
+  size_t       fuzz_size;
+  uint8_t     *post_process_buf;
+  size_t       post_process_size;
+
+} atnwalk_mutator_t;
+
+int read_all(int fd, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size) {
+
+  int    n;
+  size_t offset = 0;
+  while (offset < buf_size) {
+
+    n = read(fd, buf + offset, buf_size - offset);
+    if (n == -1) { return 0; }
+    offset += n;
+
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+
+}
+
+int write_all(int fd, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size) {
+
+  int    n;
+  size_t offset = 0;
+  while (offset < buf_size) {
+
+    n = write(fd, buf + offset, buf_size - offset);
+    if (n == -1) { return 0; }
+    offset += n;
+
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+
+}
+
+void put_uint32(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t val) {
+
+  buf[0] = (uint8_t)(val >> 24);
+  buf[1] = (uint8_t)((val & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
+  buf[2] = (uint8_t)((val & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
+  buf[3] = (uint8_t)(val & 0x000000ff);
+
+}
+
+uint32_t to_uint32(uint8_t *buf) {
+
+  uint32_t val = 0;
+  val |= (((uint32_t)buf[0]) << 24);
+  val |= (((uint32_t)buf[1]) << 16);
+  val |= (((uint32_t)buf[2]) << 8);
+  val |= ((uint32_t)buf[3]);
+  return val;
+
+}
+
+void put_uint64(uint8_t *buf, uint64_t val) {
+
+  buf[0] = (uint8_t)(val >> 56);
+  buf[1] = (uint8_t)((val & 0x00ff000000000000) >> 48);
+  buf[2] = (uint8_t)((val & 0x0000ff0000000000) >> 40);
+  buf[3] = (uint8_t)((val & 0x000000ff00000000) >> 32);
+  buf[4] = (uint8_t)((val & 0x00000000ff000000) >> 24);
+  buf[5] = (uint8_t)((val & 0x0000000000ff0000) >> 16);
+  buf[6] = (uint8_t)((val & 0x000000000000ff00) >> 8);
+  buf[7] = (uint8_t)(val & 0x00000000000000ff);
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initialize this custom mutator
+ *
+ * @param[in] afl a pointer to the internal state object. Can be ignored for
+ * now.
+ * @param[in] seed A seed for this mutator - the same seed should always mutate
+ * in the same way.
+ * @return Pointer to the data object this custom mutator instance should use.
+ *         There may be multiple instances of this mutator in one afl-fuzz run!
+ *         Return NULL on error.
+ */
+atnwalk_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_state_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
+
+  srand(seed);
+  atnwalk_mutator_t *data =
+      (atnwalk_mutator_t *)malloc(sizeof(atnwalk_mutator_t));
+  if (!data) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  data->afl = afl;
+  data->prev_hits = 0;
+  data->fuzz_buf = (uint8_t *)malloc(BUF_SIZE_INIT);
+  data->fuzz_size = BUF_SIZE_INIT;
+  data->post_process_buf = (uint8_t *)malloc(BUF_SIZE_INIT);
+  data->post_process_size = BUF_SIZE_INIT;
+  return data;
+
+}
+
+unsigned int afl_custom_fuzz_count(atnwalk_mutator_t   *data,
+                                   const unsigned char *buf, size_t buf_size) {
+
+  // afl_custom_fuzz_count is called exactly once before entering the
+  // 'stage-loop' for the current queue entry thus, we use it to reset the error
+  // count and to initialize stage variables (somewhat not intended by the API,
+  // but still better than rewriting the whole thing to have a custom mutator
+  // stage)
+  data->atnwalk_error_count = 0;
+  data->prev_timeouts = data->afl->total_tmouts;
+
+  // it might happen that on the last execution of the splice stage a new path
+  // is found we need to fix that here and count it
+  if (data->prev_hits) {
+
+    data->afl->stage_finds[STAGE_SPLICE] +=
+        data->afl->queued_items + data->afl->saved_crashes - data->prev_hits;
+
+  }
+
+  data->prev_hits = data->afl->queued_items + data->afl->saved_crashes;
+  data->stage_havoc_cur = 0;
+  data->stage_splice_cur = 0;
+
+  // 50% havoc, 50% splice
+  data->stage_havoc_max = data->afl->stage_max >> 1;
+  if (data->stage_havoc_max < HAVOC_MIN) { data->stage_havoc_max = HAVOC_MIN; }
+  data->stage_splice_max = data->stage_havoc_max;
+  return data->stage_havoc_max + data->stage_splice_max;
+
+}
+
+size_t fail_fatal(int fd_socket, uint8_t **out_buf) {
+
+  if (fd_socket != -1) { close(fd_socket); }
+  *out_buf = NULL;
+  return 0;
+
+}
+
+size_t fail_gracefully(int fd_socket, atnwalk_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf,
+                       size_t buf_size, uint8_t **out_buf) {
+
+  if (fd_socket != -1) { close(fd_socket); }
+  data->atnwalk_error_count++;
+  if (data->atnwalk_error_count > ATNWALK_ERRORS_MAX) {
+
+    data->afl->stage_max = data->afl->stage_cur;
+
+  }
+
+  *out_buf = buf;
+  return buf_size;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Perform custom mutations on a given input
+ *
+ * (Optional for now. Required in the future)
+ *
+ * @param[in] data pointer returned in afl_custom_init for this fuzz case
+ * @param[in] buf Pointer to input data to be mutated
+ * @param[in] buf_size Size of input data
+ * @param[out] out_buf the buffer we will work on. we can reuse *buf. NULL on
+ * error.
+ * @param[in] add_buf Buffer containing the additional test case
+ * @param[in] add_buf_size Size of the additional test case
+ * @param[in] max_size Maximum size of the mutated output. The mutation must not
+ *     produce data larger than max_size.
+ * @return Size of the mutated output.
+ */
+size_t afl_custom_fuzz(atnwalk_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size,
+                       uint8_t **out_buf, uint8_t *add_buf, size_t add_buf_size,
+                       size_t max_size) {
+
+  struct sockaddr_un addr;
+  int                fd_socket;
+  uint8_t            ctrl_buf[8];
+  uint8_t            wanted;
+
+  // let's display what's going on in a nice way
+  if (data->stage_havoc_cur == 0) {
+
+    data->afl->stage_name = (uint8_t *)"atnwalk - havoc";
+
+  }
+
+  if (data->stage_havoc_cur == data->stage_havoc_max) {
+
+    data->afl->stage_name = (uint8_t *)"atnwalk - splice";
+
+  }
+
+  // increase the respective havoc or splice counters
+  if (data->stage_havoc_cur < data->stage_havoc_max) {
+
+    data->stage_havoc_cur++;
+    data->afl->stage_cycles[STAGE_HAVOC]++;
+
+  } else {
+
+    // if there is nothing to splice, continue with havoc and skip splicing this
+    // time
+    if (data->afl->ready_for_splicing_count < 1) {
+
+      data->stage_havoc_max = data->afl->stage_max;
+      data->stage_havoc_cur++;
+      data->afl->stage_cycles[STAGE_HAVOC]++;
+
+    } else {
+
+      data->stage_splice_cur++;
+      data->afl->stage_cycles[STAGE_SPLICE]++;
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  // keep track of found new corpus seeds per stage
+  if (data->afl->queued_items + data->afl->saved_crashes > data->prev_hits) {
+
+    if (data->stage_splice_cur <= 1) {
+
+      data->afl->stage_finds[STAGE_HAVOC] +=
+          data->afl->queued_items + data->afl->saved_crashes - data->prev_hits;
+
+    } else {
+
+      data->afl->stage_finds[STAGE_SPLICE] +=
+          data->afl->queued_items + data->afl->saved_crashes - data->prev_hits;
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  data->prev_hits = data->afl->queued_items + data->afl->saved_crashes;
+
+  // check whether this input produces a lot of timeouts, if it does then
+  // abandon this queue entry
+  if (data->afl->total_tmouts - data->prev_timeouts >= EXEC_TIMEOUT_MAX) {
+
+    data->afl->stage_max = data->afl->stage_cur;
+    return fail_gracefully(-1, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // initialize the socket
+  fd_socket = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  if (fd_socket == -1) { return fail_fatal(fd_socket, out_buf); }
+  memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+  addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+  strncpy(addr.sun_path, SOCKET_NAME, sizeof(addr.sun_path) - 1);
+  if (connect(fd_socket, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
+
+    return fail_fatal(fd_socket, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // ask whether the server is alive
+  ctrl_buf[0] = SERVER_ARE_YOU_ALIVE;
+  if (!write_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 1)) {
+
+    return fail_fatal(fd_socket, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // see whether the server replies as expected
+  if (!read_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 1) ||
+      ctrl_buf[0] != SERVER_YES_I_AM_ALIVE) {
+
+    return fail_fatal(fd_socket, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // tell the server what we want to do
+  wanted = SERVER_MUTATE_BIT | SERVER_ENCODE_BIT;
+
+  // perform a crossover if we are splicing
+  if (data->stage_splice_cur > 0) { wanted |= SERVER_CROSSOVER_BIT; }
+
+  // tell the server what we want and how much data will be sent
+  ctrl_buf[0] = wanted;
+  put_uint32(ctrl_buf + 1, (uint32_t)buf_size);
+  if (!write_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 5)) {
+
+    return fail_fatal(fd_socket, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // send the data to mutate and encode
+  if (!write_all(fd_socket, buf, buf_size)) {
+
+    return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  if (wanted & SERVER_CROSSOVER_BIT) {
+
+    // since we requested crossover, we will first tell how much additional data
+    // is to be expected
+    put_uint32(ctrl_buf, (uint32_t)add_buf_size);
+    if (!write_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 4)) {
+
+      return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+    }
+
+    // send the additional data for crossover
+    if (!write_all(fd_socket, add_buf, add_buf_size)) {
+
+      return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+    }
+
+    // lastly, a seed is required for crossover so send one
+    put_uint64(ctrl_buf, (uint64_t)rand());
+    if (!write_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 8)) {
+
+      return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  // since we requested mutation, we need to provide a seed for that
+  put_uint64(ctrl_buf, (uint64_t)rand());
+  if (!write_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 8)) {
+
+    return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // obtain the required buffer size for the data that will be returned
+  if (!read_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 4)) {
+
+    return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  size_t new_size = (size_t)to_uint32(ctrl_buf);
+
+  // if the data is too large then we ignore this round
+  if (new_size > max_size) {
+
+    return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  if (new_size > buf_size) {
+
+    // buf is too small, need to use data->fuzz_buf, let's see whether we need
+    // to reallocate
+    if (new_size > data->fuzz_size) {
+
+      data->fuzz_size = new_size << 1;
+      data->fuzz_buf = (uint8_t *)realloc(data->fuzz_buf, data->fuzz_size);
+
+    }
+
+    *out_buf = data->fuzz_buf;
+
+  } else {
+
+    // new_size fits into buf, so re-use it
+    *out_buf = buf;
+
+  }
+
+  // obtain the encoded data
+  if (!read_all(fd_socket, *out_buf, new_size)) {
+
+    return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  close(fd_socket);
+  return new_size;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * A post-processing function to use right before AFL writes the test case to
+ * disk in order to execute the target.
+ *
+ * (Optional) If this functionality is not needed, simply don't define this
+ * function.
+ *
+ * @param[in] data pointer returned in afl_custom_init for this fuzz case
+ * @param[in] buf Buffer containing the test case to be executed
+ * @param[in] buf_size Size of the test case
+ * @param[out] out_buf Pointer to the buffer containing the test case after
+ *     processing. External library should allocate memory for out_buf.
+ *     The buf pointer may be reused (up to the given buf_size);
+ * @return Size of the output buffer after processing or the needed amount.
+ *     A return of 0 indicates an error.
+ */
+size_t afl_custom_post_process(atnwalk_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf,
+                               size_t buf_size, uint8_t **out_buf) {
+
+  struct sockaddr_un addr;
+  int                fd_socket;
+  uint8_t            ctrl_buf[8];
+
+  // initialize the socket
+  fd_socket = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  if (fd_socket == -1) { return fail_fatal(fd_socket, out_buf); }
+  memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+  addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+  strncpy(addr.sun_path, SOCKET_NAME, sizeof(addr.sun_path) - 1);
+  if (connect(fd_socket, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
+
+    return fail_fatal(fd_socket, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // ask whether the server is alive
+  ctrl_buf[0] = SERVER_ARE_YOU_ALIVE;
+  if (!write_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 1)) {
+
+    return fail_fatal(fd_socket, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // see whether the server replies as expected
+  if (!read_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 1) ||
+      ctrl_buf[0] != SERVER_YES_I_AM_ALIVE) {
+
+    return fail_fatal(fd_socket, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // tell the server what we want and how much data will be sent
+  ctrl_buf[0] = SERVER_DECODE_BIT;
+  put_uint32(ctrl_buf + 1, (uint32_t)buf_size);
+  if (!write_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 5)) {
+
+    return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // send the data to decode
+  if (!write_all(fd_socket, buf, buf_size)) {
+
+    return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  // obtain the required buffer size for the data that will be returned
+  if (!read_all(fd_socket, ctrl_buf, 4)) {
+
+    return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  size_t new_size = (size_t)to_uint32(ctrl_buf);
+
+  // need to use data->post_process_buf, let's see whether we need to reallocate
+  if (new_size > data->post_process_size) {
+
+    data->post_process_size = new_size << 1;
+    data->post_process_buf =
+        (uint8_t *)realloc(data->post_process_buf, data->post_process_size);
+
+  }
+
+  *out_buf = data->post_process_buf;
+
+  // obtain the decoded data
+  if (!read_all(fd_socket, *out_buf, new_size)) {
+
+    return fail_gracefully(fd_socket, data, buf, buf_size, out_buf);
+
+  }
+
+  close(fd_socket);
+  return new_size;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deinitialize everything
+ *
+ * @param data The data ptr from afl_custom_init
+ */
+void afl_custom_deinit(atnwalk_mutator_t *data) {
+
+  free(data->fuzz_buf);
+  free(data->post_process_buf);
+  free(data);
+
+}
+

custom_mutators/autotokens/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+ifdef debug
+	CPPLAGS += -fsanitize=address
+	CXXFLAGS += -Wall
+	CC := clang
+	CXX := clang++
+endif
+ifdef DEBUG
+	CPPFLAGS += -fsanitize=address
+	CXXFLAGS += -Wall
+	CC := clang
+	CXX := clang++
+endif
+
+all:	autotokens.so
+
+afl-fuzz-queue.o:	../../src/afl-fuzz-queue.c
+	$(CC) -D_STANDALONE_MODULE=1 -I../../include -g -O3 $(CPPFLAGS) -fPIC -c -o ./afl-fuzz-queue.o ../../src/afl-fuzz-queue.c
+
+afl-common.o:	../../src/afl-common.c
+	$(CC) -I../../include -g -O3 $(CPPFLAGS) -DBIN_PATH=\"dummy\" -Wno-pointer-sign -fPIC -c -o ./afl-common.o ../../src/afl-common.c
+
+autotokens.so:	afl-fuzz-queue.o afl-common.o autotokens.cpp
+	$(CXX) -Wno-deprecated -g -O3 $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -shared -fPIC -o autotokens.so -I../../include autotokens.cpp  ./afl-fuzz-queue.o ../../src/afl-performance.o ./afl-common.o
+
+clean:
+	rm -f autotokens.so *.o *~ core

custom_mutators/autotokens/README

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Autotokens
+
+This implements an improved autotoken grammar fuzzing idea presented in
+[Token-Level Fuzzing][https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec21-salls.pdf].
+It is a grammar fuzzer without actually knowing the grammar, but only works
+with text based inputs.
+
+It is recommended to run with together in an instance with `CMPLOG`.
+
+If you have a dictionary (`-x`) this improves this custom grammar mutator.
+
+If **not** running with `CMPLOG`, it is possible to set
+`AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_ONLY` to concentrate on grammar bug classes.
+
+Do **not** set `AFL_DISABLE_TRIM` with this custom mutator!
+
+## Configuration via environment variables
+
+`AUTOTOKENS_ONLY_FAV` - only use this mutator on favorite queue items
+`AUTOTOKENS_COMMENT` - what character or string starts a comment which will be
+                       removed. Default: `/* ... */`
+`AUTOTOKENS_FUZZ_COUNT_SHIFT` - reduce the number of fuzzing performed, shifting
+                                the value by this number, e.g. 1.
+`AUTOTOKENS_AUTO_DISABLE` - disable this module if the seeds are not ascii
+                            (or no input and no (ascii) dictionary)
+`AUTOTOKENS_LEARN_DICT` - learn from dictionaries?
+                          0 = none
+                          1 = only -x or autodict
+                          2 = -x, autodict and `CMPLOG`
+`AUTOTOKENS_CHANGE_MIN` - minimum number of mutations (1-256, default 8)
+`AUTOTOKENS_CHANGE_MAX` - maximum number of mutations (1-4096, default 64)
+`AUTOTOKENS_CREATE_FROM_THIN_AIR` - if only one small start file is present and
+                                    a dictionary loaded then create one initial
+                                    structure based on the dictionary.

custom_mutators/examples/README.md

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
 # Examples for the custom mutator
 
 These are example and helper files for the custom mutator feature.
-See [docs/custom_mutators.md](../docs/custom_mutators.md) for more information
+See [docs/custom_mutators.md](../../docs/custom_mutators.md) for more information
 
 Note that if you compile with python3.7 you must use python3 scripts, and if
 you use python2.7 to compile python2 scripts!
 
+simple_example.c - most simplest example. generates a random sized buffer
+          filled with 'A'
+
 example.c - this is a simple example written in C and should be compiled to a
           shared library. Use make to compile it and produce libexamplemutator.so
 
 example.py - this is the template you can use, the functions are there but they
            are empty
 
+post_library_gif.so.c - fix a fuzz input to ensure it is valid for GIF
+
+post_library_png.so.c - fix a fuzz input to ensure it is valid for PNG
+
 simple-chunk-replace.py - this is a simple example where chunks are replaced
 
 common.py - this can be used for common functions and helpers.
@@ -26,3 +33,6 @@ like surgical_havoc_mutate() that allow to perform a randomly chosen
 mutation from a subset of the havoc mutations.
 If you do so, you have to specify -I /path/to/AFLplusplus/include when
 compiling.
+
+elf_header_mutator.c - example ELF header mutator based on 
+ [LibGolf](https://github.com/xcellerator/libgolf/)

custom_mutators/examples/XmlMutatorMin.py

@@ -12,12 +12,13 @@ import random, re, io
 # The XmlMutatorMin class #
 ###########################
 
+
 class XmlMutatorMin:
 
     """
-        Optionals parameters:
-            seed        Seed used by the PRNG (default: "RANDOM")
-            verbose     Verbosity (default: False)
+    Optionals parameters:
+        seed        Seed used by the PRNG (default: "RANDOM")
+        verbose     Verbosity (default: False)
     """
 
     def __init__(self, seed="RANDOM", verbose=False):
@@ -41,7 +42,12 @@ class XmlMutatorMin:
         self.tree = None
 
         # High-level mutators (no database needed)
-        hl_mutators_delete = ["del_node_and_children", "del_node_but_children", "del_attribute", "del_content"]  # Delete items
+        hl_mutators_delete = [
+            "del_node_and_children",
+            "del_node_but_children",
+            "del_attribute",
+            "del_content",
+        ]  # Delete items
         hl_mutators_fuzz = ["fuzz_attribute"]  # Randomly change attribute values
 
         # Exposed mutators
@@ -74,7 +80,9 @@ class XmlMutatorMin:
 
         """ Serialize a XML document. Basic wrapper around lxml.tostring() """
 
-        return ET.tostring(tree, with_tail=False, xml_declaration=True, encoding=tree.docinfo.encoding)
+        return ET.tostring(
+            tree, with_tail=False, xml_declaration=True, encoding=tree.docinfo.encoding
+        )
 
     def __ver(self, version):
 
@@ -161,7 +169,7 @@ class XmlMutatorMin:
             # Randomly pick one the function calls
             (func, args) = random.choice(l)
             # Split by "," and randomly pick one of the arguments
-            value = random.choice(args.split(','))
+            value = random.choice(args.split(","))
             # Remove superfluous characters
             unclean_value = value
             value = value.strip(" ").strip("'")
@@ -170,49 +178,49 @@ class XmlMutatorMin:
             value = attrib_value
 
         # For each type, define some possible replacement values
-        choices_number =    ( \
-                                "0", \
-                                "11111", \
-                                "-128", \
-                                "2", \
-                                "-1", \
-                                "1/3", \
-                                "42/0", \
-                                "1094861636 idiv 1.0", \
-                                "-1123329771506872 idiv 3.8", \
-                                "17=$numericRTF", \
-                                str(3 + random.randrange(0, 100)), \
-                            )
+        choices_number = (
+            "0",
+            "11111",
+            "-128",
+            "2",
+            "-1",
+            "1/3",
+            "42/0",
+            "1094861636 idiv 1.0",
+            "-1123329771506872 idiv 3.8",
+            "17=$numericRTF",
+            str(3 + random.randrange(0, 100)),
+        )
 
-        choices_letter =    ( \
-                                "P" * (25 * random.randrange(1, 100)), \
-                                "%s%s%s%s%s%s", \
-                                "foobar", \
-                            )
+        choices_letter = (
+            "P" * (25 * random.randrange(1, 100)),
+            "%s%s%s%s%s%s",
+            "foobar",
+        )
 
-        choices_alnum =     ( \
-                                "Abc123", \
-                                "020F0302020204030204", \
-                                "020F0302020204030204" * (random.randrange(5, 20)), \
-                            )
+        choices_alnum = (
+            "Abc123",
+            "020F0302020204030204",
+            "020F0302020204030204" * (random.randrange(5, 20)),
+        )
 
         # Fuzz the value
-        if random.choice((True,False)) and value == "":
+        if random.choice((True, False)) and value == "":
 
             # Empty
             new_value = value
 
-        elif random.choice((True,False)) and value.isdigit():
+        elif random.choice((True, False)) and value.isdigit():
 
             # Numbers
             new_value = random.choice(choices_number)
 
-        elif random.choice((True,False)) and value.isalpha():
+        elif random.choice((True, False)) and value.isalpha():
 
             # Letters
             new_value = random.choice(choices_letter)
 
-        elif random.choice((True,False)) and value.isalnum():
+        elif random.choice((True, False)) and value.isalnum():
 
             # Alphanumeric
             new_value = random.choice(choices_alnum)
@@ -232,22 +240,25 @@ class XmlMutatorMin:
 
         # Log something
         if self.verbose:
-            print("Fuzzing attribute #%i '%s' of tag #%i '%s'" % (rand_attrib_id, rand_attrib, rand_elem_id, rand_elem.tag))
+            print(
+                "Fuzzing attribute #%i '%s' of tag #%i '%s'"
+                % (rand_attrib_id, rand_attrib, rand_elem_id, rand_elem.tag)
+            )
 
         # Modify the attribute
         rand_elem.set(rand_attrib, new_value.decode("utf-8"))
 
     def __del_node_and_children(self):
 
-        """ High-level minimizing mutator
-            Delete a random node and its children (i.e. delete a random tree) """
+        """High-level minimizing mutator
+        Delete a random node and its children (i.e. delete a random tree)"""
 
         self.__del_node(True)
 
     def __del_node_but_children(self):
 
-        """ High-level minimizing mutator
-            Delete a random node but its children (i.e. link them to the parent of the deleted node) """
+        """High-level minimizing mutator
+        Delete a random node but its children (i.e. link them to the parent of the deleted node)"""
 
         self.__del_node(False)
 
@@ -270,7 +281,10 @@ class XmlMutatorMin:
         # Log something
         if self.verbose:
             but_or_and = "and" if delete_children else "but"
-            print("Deleting tag #%i '%s' %s its children" % (rand_elem_id, rand_elem.tag, but_or_and))
+            print(
+                "Deleting tag #%i '%s' %s its children"
+                % (rand_elem_id, rand_elem.tag, but_or_and)
+            )
 
         if delete_children is False:
             # Link children of the random (soon to be deleted) node to its parent
@@ -282,8 +296,8 @@ class XmlMutatorMin:
 
     def __del_content(self):
 
-        """ High-level minimizing mutator
-            Delete the attributes and children of a random node """
+        """High-level minimizing mutator
+        Delete the attributes and children of a random node"""
 
         # Select a node to modify
         (rand_elem_id, rand_elem) = self.__pick_element()
@@ -297,8 +311,8 @@ class XmlMutatorMin:
 
     def __del_attribute(self):
 
-        """ High-level minimizing mutator
-            Delete a random attribute from a random node """
+        """High-level minimizing mutator
+        Delete a random attribute from a random node"""
 
         # Select a node to modify
         (rand_elem_id, rand_elem) = self.__pick_element()
@@ -318,7 +332,10 @@ class XmlMutatorMin:
 
         # Log something
         if self.verbose:
-            print("Deleting attribute #%i '%s' of tag #%i '%s'" % (rand_attrib_id, rand_attrib, rand_elem_id, rand_elem.tag))
+            print(
+                "Deleting attribute #%i '%s' of tag #%i '%s'"
+                % (rand_attrib_id, rand_attrib, rand_elem_id, rand_elem.tag)
+            )
 
         # Delete the attribute
         rand_elem.attrib.pop(rand_attrib)
@@ -329,4 +346,3 @@ class XmlMutatorMin:
 
         # High-level mutation
         self.__exec_among(self, self.hl_mutators_all, min, max)
-

custom_mutators/examples/common.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
-'''
+"""
 Module containing functions shared between multiple AFL modules
 
 @author:     Christian Holler (:decoder)
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 @contact:    choller@mozilla.com
-'''
+"""
 
 from __future__ import print_function
 import random
@@ -23,18 +23,18 @@ import re
 def randel(l):
     if not l:
         return None
-    return l[random.randint(0, len(l)-1)]
+    return l[random.randint(0, len(l) - 1)]
 
 
 def randel_pop(l):
     if not l:
         return None
-    return l.pop(random.randint(0, len(l)-1))
+    return l.pop(random.randint(0, len(l) - 1))
 
 
 def write_exc_example(data, exc):
-    exc_name = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]', '_', repr(exc))
+    exc_name = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]", "_", repr(exc))
 
     if not os.path.exists(exc_name):
-        with open(exc_name, 'w') as f:
+        with open(exc_name, "w") as f:
             f.write(data)

custom_mutators/examples/custom_post_run.c

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+//
+// This is an example on how to use afl_custom_post_run
+// It executes custom code each time after AFL++ executes the target
+//
+// cc -O3 -fPIC -shared -g -o custom_post_run.so -I../../include custom_post_run.c
+// cd ../..
+// afl-cc -o test-instr test-instr.c
+// AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_LIBRARY=custom_mutators/examples/custom_post_run.so \
+//   afl-fuzz -i in -o out -- ./test-instr -f /tmp/foo
+//
+
+
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+typedef struct my_mutator {
+
+  afl_state_t *afl;
+
+} my_mutator_t;
+
+my_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_state_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
+
+  my_mutator_t *data = calloc(1, sizeof(my_mutator_t));
+  if (!data) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  data->afl = afl;
+
+  return data;
+
+}
+
+void afl_custom_post_run(my_mutator_t *data) {
+
+  printf("hello from afl_custom_post_run\n");
+  return;
+}
+
+
+void afl_custom_deinit(my_mutator_t *data) {
+
+  free(data);
+
+}

custom_mutators/examples/custom_send.c

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//
+// This is an example on how to use afl_custom_send
+// It writes each mutated data set to /tmp/foo
+// You can modify this to send to IPC, shared memory, etc.
+//
+// cc -O3 -fPIC -shared -g -o custom_send.so -I../../include custom_send.c
+// cd ../..
+// afl-cc -o test-instr test-instr.c
+// AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_LIBRARY=custom_mutators/examples/custom_send.so \
+//   afl-fuzz -i in -o out -- ./test-instr -f /tmp/foo
+//
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+
+typedef struct my_mutator {
+
+  afl_state_t *afl;
+
+} my_mutator_t;
+
+my_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_state_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
+
+  my_mutator_t *data = calloc(1, sizeof(my_mutator_t));
+  if (!data) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  data->afl = afl;
+
+  return data;
+
+}
+
+void afl_custom_fuzz_send(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size) {
+
+  int fd = open("/tmp/foo", O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR, 0644);
+
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+
+    (void)write(fd, buf, buf_size);
+    close(fd);
+
+  }
+
+  return;
+
+}
+
+void afl_custom_deinit(my_mutator_t *data) {
+
+  free(data);
+
+}
+

custom_mutators/examples/elf_header_mutator.c

@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+/*
+   AFL++ Custom Mutator for ELF Headers
+   Written by @echel0n <melih.sahin@protonmail.com>
+   based on libgolf.h by @xcellerator
+   $ gcc -O3 -fPIC -shared -o elf_mutator.so -I ~/AFLplusplus/include/
+ */
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <linux/elf.h>
+
+/* EI_ABIVERSION isn't used anymore and elf.h defines EI_PAD to be 0x09 */
+#define EI_ABIVERSION 0x08
+#define EI_PAD 0x09
+/* Define the Architecture and ISA constants to match those in <linux/elf.h> */
+#define X86_64 EM_X86_64
+#define ARM32 EM_ARM
+#define AARCH64 EM_AARCH64
+#define uchar unsigned char
+#define DATA_SIZE 0x100
+
+/*
+ * The ELF and Program headers are different sizes depending on 32- and 64-bit
+ * architectures
+ * taken from libgolf.h
+ */
+#define EHDR_T(x) Elf##x##_Ehdr
+#define PHDR_T(x) Elf##x##_Phdr
+#define EHDR(x) ehdr##x
+#define PHDR(x) phdr##x
+#define GET_EHDR(x) (&(elf_ptr->EHDR(x)));
+#define GET_PHDR(x) (&(elf_ptr->PHDR(x)));
+#define REF_EHDR(b, x) ((Elf##b##_Ehdr *)ehdr)->x
+#define REF_PHDR(b, x) ((Elf##b##_Phdr *)phdr)->x
+int ehdr_size;
+int phdr_size;
+/*
+ * This struct holds the bytes that will be executed, and the size.
+ */
+typedef struct text_segment {
+
+  size_t         text_size;
+  unsigned char *text_segment;
+
+} TextSegment;
+
+// example shellcode that exits
+// taken from libgolf.h
+unsigned char buf[] = {0xb0, 0x3c, 0x31, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x05};
+
+/*
+ * This is the raw ELF file
+ * - EHDR(xx) is the ELF header
+ * - PHDR(xx) is the program header
+ * - text is the text segment
+ * - filename is the name of the golf'd binary
+ * - isa is the target architecture (X86_64, ARM32, AARCH64)
+ * taken from libgolf.h
+ */
+typedef struct rawbinary_t {
+
+  EHDR_T(32) EHDR(32);
+  PHDR_T(32) PHDR(32);
+  EHDR_T(64) EHDR(64);
+  PHDR_T(64) PHDR(64);
+  TextSegment text;
+  char       *filename;
+  int         isa;
+
+} RawBinary;
+
+/*
+ * Copy an E_IDENT array into the corresponding fields in the ELF header
+ * Called by populate_ehdr()
+ * taken from libgolf.h
+ */
+int populate_e_ident(RawBinary *elf_ptr, unsigned char e_ident[]) {
+
+  int i;
+  /* Depending on whether the target ISA is 32- or 64-bit, set e_ident */
+  switch (elf_ptr->isa) {
+
+    case X86_64:
+    case AARCH64:
+      for (i = 0; i < EI_NIDENT; i++)
+        elf_ptr->EHDR(64).e_ident[i] = e_ident[i];
+      break;
+    case ARM32:
+      for (i = 0; i < EI_NIDENT; i++)
+        elf_ptr->EHDR(32).e_ident[i] = e_ident[i];
+      break;
+    default:
+      exit(1);
+
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy bytes from buf[] array into text_segment in ELF struct
+ * taken from libgolf.h
+ */
+int copy_text_segment(RawBinary *elf_ptr, unsigned char buf[], int text_size) {
+
+  int i;
+
+  /* Set size of text segment and allocate the buffer */
+  elf_ptr->text.text_size = text_size;
+  elf_ptr->text.text_segment =
+      malloc(elf_ptr->text.text_size * sizeof(unsigned char));
+
+  /* Copy the bytes into the text segment buffer */
+  for (i = 0; i < elf_ptr->text.text_size; i++) {
+
+    elf_ptr->text.text_segment[i] = buf[i];
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Populate the ELF Header with sane values
+ * Returns a pointer to an EHDR struct
+ * taken from libgolf.h
+ */
+void *populate_ehdr(RawBinary *elf_ptr) {
+
+  /*
+   * Set ehdr_size and phdr_size. Determined by whether target ISA is 32- or
+   * 64-bit.
+   */
+  switch (elf_ptr->isa) {
+
+    case X86_64:
+    case AARCH64:
+      ehdr_size = sizeof(EHDR_T(64));
+      phdr_size = sizeof(PHDR_T(64));
+      break;
+    case ARM32:
+      ehdr_size = sizeof(EHDR_T(32));
+      phdr_size = sizeof(PHDR_T(32));
+      break;
+    default:
+      exit(1);
+
+  };
+
+  /* Start with the E_IDENT area at the top of the file */
+  unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT] = {0};
+
+  /* Magic Bytes */
+  e_ident[EI_MAG0] = 0x7F;
+  e_ident[EI_MAG1] = 0x45;  // E
+  e_ident[EI_MAG2] = 0x4C;  // L
+  e_ident[EI_MAG3] = 0x46;  // F
+
+  /*
+   * EI_CLASS denotes the architecture:
+   * ELFCLASS32: 0x01
+   * ELFCLASS64: 0x02
+   */
+  switch (elf_ptr->isa) {
+
+    case X86_64:
+    case AARCH64:
+      e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS64;
+      break;
+    case ARM32:
+      e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS32;
+      break;
+    default:
+      exit(1);
+
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * EI_DATA denotes the endianness:
+   * ELFDATA2LSB:   0x01
+   * ELFDATA2MSB:   0x02
+   */
+  e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELFDATA2LSB;
+
+  /* EI_VERSION is always 0x01 */
+  e_ident[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT;
+
+  /*
+   * EI_OSABI defines the target OS. Ignored by most modern ELF parsers.
+   */
+  e_ident[EI_OSABI] = ELFOSABI_NONE;
+
+  /* EI_ABIVERSION was for sub-classification. Un-defined since Linux 2.6 */
+  e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION] = 0x00;
+
+  /* EI_PAD is currently unused */
+  e_ident[EI_PAD] = 0x00;
+
+  /* Copy the E_IDENT section to the ELF struct */
+  populate_e_ident(elf_ptr, e_ident);
+
+  /*
+   * The remainder of the ELF header following E_IDENT follows.
+   *
+   * ehdr is a pointer to either an Elf32_Edhr, or Elf64_Ehdr struct.
+   */
+  void *ehdr = NULL;
+  switch (elf_ptr->isa) {
+
+    case X86_64:
+    case AARCH64:
+      ehdr = (&(elf_ptr->EHDR(64)));
+      break;
+    case ARM32:
+      ehdr = (&(elf_ptr->EHDR(32)));
+      break;
+    default:
+      exit(1);
+
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Depending on whether the ISA is 32- or 64-bit determines the size of
+   * many of the fields in the ELF Header. This switch case deals with it.
+   */
+  switch (elf_ptr->isa) {
+
+    // 64-Bit ISAs
+    case X86_64:
+    case AARCH64:
+      /*
+       * e_type specifies what kind of ELF file this is:
+       * ET_NONE:         0x00    // Unknown Type
+       * ET_REL:          0x01    // Relocatable
+       * ET_EXEC:         0x02    // Executable File
+       * ET_DYN:          0x03    // Shared Object
+       * ET_CORE:         0x04    // Core Dump
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_type) = ET_EXEC;  // 0x0002
+
+      /* e_machine specifies the target ISA */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_machine) = elf_ptr->isa;
+
+      /* e_version is always set of 0x01 for the original ELF spec */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_version) = EV_CURRENT;  // 0x00000001
+
+      /*
+       * e_entry is the memory address of the entry point
+       * Set by set_entry_point() after p_vaddr is set in the phdr
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_entry) = 0x0;
+
+      /*
+       * e_phoff points to the start of the program header, which
+       * immediately follows the ELF header
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_phoff) = ehdr_size;
+
+      /* e_shoff points to the start of the section header table */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_shoff) = 0x00;
+
+      /* e_flags is architecture dependent */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_flags) = 0x0;
+
+      /* e_ehsize contains the size of the ELF header */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_ehsize) = ehdr_size;
+
+      /* e_phentsize is the size of the program header */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_phentsize) = phdr_size;
+
+      /*
+       * e_phnum contains the number of entries in the program header
+       * e_phnum * e_phentsize = size of program header table
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_phnum) = 0x1;
+
+      /* e_shentsize contains the size of a section header entry */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_shentsize) = 0x0;
+
+      /*
+       * e_shnum contains the number of entries in the section header
+       * e_shnum * e_shentsize = size of section header table
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_shnum) = 0x0;
+
+      /*
+       * e_shstrndx contains the index of the section header table that
+       * contains the section names
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_shstrndx) = 0x0;
+
+      break;
+    // 32-Bit ISAs
+    case ARM32:
+      /*
+       * e_type specifies what kind of ELF file this is:
+       * ET_NONE:         0x00    // Unknown Type
+       * ET_REL:          0x01    // Relocatable
+       * ET_EXEC:         0x02    // Executable File
+       * ET_DYN:          0x03    // Shared Object
+       * ET_CORE:         0x04    // Core Dump
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_type) = ET_EXEC;  // 0x0002
+
+      /* e_machine specifies the target ISA */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_machine) = elf_ptr->isa;
+
+      /* e_version is always set of 0x01 for the original ELF spec */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_version) = EV_CURRENT;  // 0x00000001
+
+      /*
+       * e_entry is the memory address of the entry point
+       * Set by set_entry_point() after p_vaddr is set in the phdr
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_entry) = 0x0;
+
+      /*
+       * e_phoff points to the start of the program header, which
+       * immediately follows the ELF header
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_phoff) = ehdr_size;
+
+      /* e_shoff points to the start of the section header table */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_shoff) = 0x0i;
+
+      /* e_flags is architecture dependent */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_flags) = 0x0;
+
+      /* e_ehsize contains the size of the ELF header */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_ehsize) = ehdr_size;
+
+      /* e_phentsize is the size of the program header */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_phentsize) = phdr_size;
+
+      /*
+       * e_phnum contains the number of entries in the program header
+       * e_phnum * e_phentsize = size of program header table
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_phnum) = 0x1;
+
+      /* e_shentsize contains the size of a section header entry */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_shentsize) = 0x0;
+
+      /*
+       * e_shnum contains the number of entries in the section header
+       * e_shnum * e_shentsize = size of section header table
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_shnum) = 0x0;
+
+      /*
+       * e_shstrndx contains the index of the section header table that
+       * contains the section names
+       */
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_shnum) = 0x0;
+
+      break;
+
+  }
+
+  return ehdr;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Populate the program headers with sane values
+ * Returns a pointer to a PHDR struct
+ * taken from libgolf.h
+ */
+void *populate_phdr(RawBinary *elf_ptr) {
+
+  /*
+   * All offsets are relative to the start of the program header (0x40)
+   *
+   * phdr is a pointer to either an Elf32_Phdr, or Elf64_Phdr struct.
+   */
+  void *phdr = NULL;
+  switch (elf_ptr->isa) {
+
+    case X86_64:
+    case AARCH64:
+      phdr = (&(elf_ptr->PHDR(64)));
+      break;
+    case ARM32:
+      phdr = (&(elf_ptr->PHDR(32)));
+      break;
+    default:
+      exit(1);
+
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Depending on whether the ISA is 32- or 64-bit determines the size of
+   * many of the fields in the Progra Header. This switch case deals with it.
+   */
+  switch (elf_ptr->isa) {
+
+    // 64-Bit ISAs
+    case X86_64:
+    case AARCH64:
+      /*
+       * p_type identifies what type of segment this is
+       * PT_NULL:         0x0     // Unused
+       * PT_LOAD:         0x1     // Loadable Segment
+       * PT_DYNAMIC:      0x2     // Dynamic Linker Information
+       * PT_INTERP:       0x3     // Interpreter Information
+       * PT_NOTE:         0x4     // Auxiliary Information
+       * PT_SHLIB:        0x5     // Reserved
+       * PT_PHDR:         0x6     // Segment with Program Header
+       * PT_TLS:          0x7     // Thread Local Storage
+       */
+      REF_PHDR(64, p_type) = PT_LOAD;  // 0x1
+
+      /*
+       * p_flags defines permissions for this section
+       * PF_R:    0x4     // Read
+       * PF_W:    0x2     // Write
+       * PF_X:    0x1     // Execute
+       */
+      REF_PHDR(64, p_flags) = PF_R | PF_X;  // 0x5
+
+      /*
+       * p_offset is the offset in the file image (relative to the start
+       * of the program header) for this segment.
+       */
+      REF_PHDR(64, p_offset) = 0x0;
+
+      /*
+       * p_vaddr is the virtual address where this segment should be loaded
+       * p_paddr is for the physical address (unused by System V)
+       */
+      REF_PHDR(64, p_vaddr) = 0x400000;
+      REF_PHDR(64, p_paddr) = 0x400000;
+
+      /*
+       * p_filesz is the size of the segment in the file image
+       * p_memsz is the size of the segment in memory
+       *
+       * Note: p_filesz doesn't have to equal p_memsz
+       */
+      REF_PHDR(64, p_filesz) = elf_ptr->text.text_size;
+      REF_PHDR(64, p_memsz) = elf_ptr->text.text_size;
+
+      break;
+    // 32-Bit ISAs
+    case ARM32:
+      /*
+       * p_type identifies what type of segment this is
+       * PT_NULL:         0x0     // Unused
+       * PT_LOAD:         0x1     // Loadable Segment
+       * PT_DYNAMIC:      0x2     // Dynamic Linker Information
+       * PT_INTERP:       0x3     // Interpreter Information
+       * PT_NOTE:         0x4     // Auxiliary Information
+       * PT_SHLIB:        0x5     // Reserved
+       * PT_PHDR:         0x6     // Segment with Program Header
+       * PT_TLS:          0x7     // Thread Local Storage
+       */
+      REF_PHDR(32, p_type) = PT_LOAD;  // 0x1
+
+      /*
+       * p_flags defines permissions for this section
+       * PF_R:    0x4     // Read
+       * PF_W:    0x2     // Write
+       * PF_X:    0x1     // Execute
+       */
+      REF_PHDR(32, p_flags) = PF_R | PF_X;  // 0x5
+
+      /*
+       * p_offset is the offset in the file image (relative to the start
+       * of the program header) for this segment.
+       */
+      REF_PHDR(32, p_offset) = 0x0;
+
+      /*
+       * p_vaddr is the virtual address where this segment should be loaded
+       * p_paddr is for the physical address (unused by System V)
+       */
+      REF_PHDR(32, p_vaddr) = 0x10000;
+      REF_PHDR(32, p_paddr) = 0x10000;
+
+      /*
+       * p_filesz is the size of the segment in the file image
+       * p_memsz is the size of the segment in memory
+       *
+       * Note: p_filesz doesn't have to equal p_memsz
+       */
+      REF_PHDR(32, p_filesz) = elf_ptr->text.text_size;
+      REF_PHDR(32, p_memsz) = elf_ptr->text.text_size;
+
+      break;
+    default:
+      exit(1);
+
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * p_align is the memory alignment
+   *
+   * Note: p_vaddr = p_offset % p_align
+   */
+  switch (elf_ptr->isa) {
+
+    case X86_64:
+      REF_PHDR(64, p_align) = 0x400000;
+      break;
+    case ARM32:
+      REF_PHDR(32, p_align) = 0x10000;
+      break;
+    case AARCH64:
+      REF_PHDR(64, p_align) = 0x400000;
+      break;
+
+  }
+
+  return phdr;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * e_entry depends on p_vaddr, so has to be set after populate_ehdr()
+ * and populate_phdr() have been called.
+ * taken from libgolf.h
+ */
+int set_entry_point(RawBinary *elf_ptr) {
+
+  /*
+   * Once the whole ELF file is copied into memory, control is handed to
+   * e_entry. Relative to the process's virtual memory address, the .text
+   * segment will be located immediately after the ELF and program header.
+   *
+   * ehdr and phdr are pointers to the ELF and Program headers respectively.
+   * The switch case casts and assigns them to the correct fields of the ELF
+   * struct, then sets ehdr->e_entry.
+   */
+  void *ehdr, *phdr;
+
+  switch (elf_ptr->isa) {
+
+    case X86_64:
+    case AARCH64:
+      ehdr = GET_EHDR(64);
+      phdr = GET_PHDR(64);
+      REF_EHDR(64, e_entry) = REF_PHDR(64, p_vaddr) + ehdr_size + phdr_size;
+      break;
+    case ARM32:
+      ehdr = GET_EHDR(32);
+      phdr = GET_PHDR(32);
+      REF_EHDR(32, e_entry) = REF_PHDR(32, p_vaddr) + ehdr_size + phdr_size;
+      break;
+    default:
+      exit(1);
+
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+
+}
+
+typedef struct my_mutator {
+
+  afl_state_t *afl;
+  size_t       trim_size_current;
+  int          trimmming_steps;
+  int          cur_step;
+  u8          *mutated_out, *post_process_buf, *trim_buf;
+
+} my_mutator_t;
+
+my_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_state_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
+
+  srand(seed);  // needed also by surgical_havoc_mutate()
+  my_mutator_t *data = calloc(1, sizeof(my_mutator_t));
+  if (!data) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  if ((data->mutated_out = (u8 *)malloc(MAX_FILE)) == NULL) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init malloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  if ((data->post_process_buf = (u8 *)malloc(MAX_FILE)) == NULL) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init malloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  if ((data->trim_buf = (u8 *)malloc(MAX_FILE)) == NULL) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init malloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  data->afl = afl;
+  return data;
+
+}
+
+size_t afl_custom_fuzz(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *in_buf, size_t buf_size,
+                       u8 **out_buf, uint8_t *add_buf,
+                       size_t add_buf_size,  // add_buf can be NULL
+                       size_t max_size) {
+
+  RawBinary  elf_obj;
+  RawBinary *elf = &elf_obj;
+  elf->isa = 62;
+  Elf64_Ehdr *ehdr;
+  Elf64_Phdr *phdr;
+  copy_text_segment(elf, buf, sizeof(buf));
+  ehdr = populate_ehdr(elf);
+  phdr = populate_phdr(elf);
+  set_entry_point(elf);
+
+  size_t mutated_size = ehdr_size + phdr_size + elf->text.text_size;
+  int    pos = 0;
+  // example fields
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] = (uint8_t *)(in_buf + pos++);
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] = (uint8_t *)(in_buf + pos++);
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] = (uint8_t *)(in_buf + pos++);
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_OSABI] = (uint8_t *)(in_buf + pos++);
+  for (int i = 0x8; i < 0x10; ++i) {
+
+    (ehdr->e_ident)[i] = (uint8_t *)(in_buf + pos++);
+
+  }
+
+  ehdr->e_version = (uint32_t *)(in_buf + pos);
+  pos += 4;
+  // sections headers
+  ehdr->e_shoff = (uint64_t *)(in_buf + pos);
+  pos += 8;
+  ehdr->e_shentsize = (uint16_t *)(in_buf + pos);
+  pos += 2;
+  ehdr->e_shnum = (uint16_t *)(in_buf + pos);
+  pos += 2;
+  ehdr->e_shstrndx = (uint16_t *)(in_buf + pos);
+  pos += 2;
+  ehdr->e_flags = (uint32_t *)(in_buf + pos);
+  pos += 4;
+  // physical addr
+  phdr->p_paddr = (uint64_t *)(in_buf + pos);
+  pos += 8;
+  phdr->p_align = (uint64_t *)(in_buf + pos);
+  pos += 8;
+
+  /* mimic GEN_ELF()
+   * Write:
+   * - ELF Header
+   * - Program Header
+   * - Text Segment
+   */
+  memcpy(data->mutated_out, ehdr, ehdr_size);
+  memcpy(data->mutated_out + ehdr_size, phdr, phdr_size);
+  memcpy(data->mutated_out + ehdr_size + phdr_size, elf->text.text_segment,
+         elf->text.text_size);
+
+  *out_buf = data->mutated_out;
+  return mutated_size;
+
+}
+
+void afl_custom_deinit(my_mutator_t *data) {
+
+  free(data->post_process_buf);
+  free(data->mutated_out);
+  free(data->trim_buf);
+  free(data);
+
+}
+

custom_mutators/examples/example.c

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
              Dominik Maier <mail@dmnk.co>
 */
 
-// You need to use -I /path/to/AFLplusplus/include
-#include "custom_mutator_helpers.h"
+// You need to use -I/path/to/AFLplusplus/include -I.
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -26,19 +26,14 @@ static const char *commands[] = {
 
 typedef struct my_mutator {
 
-  afl_t *afl;
+  afl_state_t *afl;
 
   // any additional data here!
   size_t trim_size_current;
   int    trimmming_steps;
   int    cur_step;
 
-  // Reused buffers:
-  BUF_VAR(u8, fuzz);
-  BUF_VAR(u8, data);
-  BUF_VAR(u8, havoc);
-  BUF_VAR(u8, trim);
-  BUF_VAR(u8, pre_save);
+  u8 *mutated_out, *post_process_buf, *trim_buf;
 
 } my_mutator_t;
 
@@ -53,7 +48,7 @@ typedef struct my_mutator {
  *         There may be multiple instances of this mutator in one afl-fuzz run!
  *         Return NULL on error.
  */
-my_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
+my_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_state_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
 
   srand(seed);  // needed also by surgical_havoc_mutate()
 
@@ -65,6 +60,27 @@ my_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
 
   }
 
+  if ((data->mutated_out = (u8 *)malloc(MAX_FILE)) == NULL) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init malloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  if ((data->post_process_buf = (u8 *)malloc(MAX_FILE)) == NULL) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init malloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  if ((data->trim_buf = (u8 *)malloc(MAX_FILE)) == NULL) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init malloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
   data->afl = afl;
 
   return data;
@@ -96,29 +112,14 @@ size_t afl_custom_fuzz(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size,
   // the fuzzer
   size_t mutated_size = DATA_SIZE <= max_size ? DATA_SIZE : max_size;
 
-  // maybe_grow is optimized to be quick for reused buffers.
-  u8 *mutated_out = maybe_grow(BUF_PARAMS(data, fuzz), mutated_size);
-  if (!mutated_out) {
-
-    *out_buf = NULL;
-    perror("custom mutator allocation (maybe_grow)");
-    return 0;            /* afl-fuzz will very likely error out after this. */
-
-  }
+  memcpy(data->mutated_out, buf, buf_size);
 
   // Randomly select a command string to add as a header to the packet
-  memcpy(mutated_out, commands[rand() % 3], 3);
+  memcpy(data->mutated_out, commands[rand() % 3], 3);
 
-  // Mutate the payload of the packet
-  int i;
-  for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+  if (mutated_size > max_size) { mutated_size = max_size; }
 
-    // Randomly perform one of the (no len modification) havoc mutations
-    surgical_havoc_mutate(mutated_out, 3, mutated_size);
-
-  }
-
-  *out_buf = mutated_out;
+  *out_buf = data->mutated_out;
   return mutated_size;
 
 }
@@ -139,26 +140,19 @@ size_t afl_custom_fuzz(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size,
  * @return Size of the output buffer after processing or the needed amount.
  *     A return of 0 indicates an error.
  */
-size_t afl_custom_pre_save(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size,
-                           uint8_t **out_buf) {
+size_t afl_custom_post_process(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf,
+                               size_t buf_size, uint8_t **out_buf) {
 
-  uint8_t *pre_save_buf = maybe_grow(BUF_PARAMS(data, pre_save), buf_size + 5);
-  if (!pre_save_buf) {
+  if (buf_size + 5 > MAX_FILE) { buf_size = MAX_FILE - 5; }
 
-    perror("custom mutator realloc failed.");
-    *out_buf = NULL;
-    return 0;
+  memcpy(data->post_process_buf + 5, buf, buf_size);
+  data->post_process_buf[0] = 'A';
+  data->post_process_buf[1] = 'F';
+  data->post_process_buf[2] = 'L';
+  data->post_process_buf[3] = '+';
+  data->post_process_buf[4] = '+';
 
-  }
-
-  memcpy(pre_save_buf + 5, buf, buf_size);
-  pre_save_buf[0] = 'A';
-  pre_save_buf[1] = 'F';
-  pre_save_buf[2] = 'L';
-  pre_save_buf[3] = '+';
-  pre_save_buf[4] = '+';
-
-  *out_buf = pre_save_buf;
+  *out_buf = data->post_process_buf;
 
   return buf_size + 5;
 
@@ -194,13 +188,6 @@ int32_t afl_custom_init_trim(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf,
 
   data->cur_step = 0;
 
-  if (!maybe_grow(BUF_PARAMS(data, trim), buf_size)) {
-
-    perror("init_trim grow");
-    return -1;
-
-  }
-
   memcpy(data->trim_buf, buf, buf_size);
 
   data->trim_size_current = buf_size;
@@ -281,27 +268,11 @@ int32_t afl_custom_post_trim(my_mutator_t *data, int success) {
 size_t afl_custom_havoc_mutation(my_mutator_t *data, u8 *buf, size_t buf_size,
                                  u8 **out_buf, size_t max_size) {
 
-  if (buf_size == 0) {
+  *out_buf = buf;  // in-place mutation
 
-    *out_buf = maybe_grow(BUF_PARAMS(data, havoc), 1);
-    if (!*out_buf) {
+  if (buf_size <= sizeof(size_t)) { return buf_size; }
 
-      perror("custom havoc: maybe_grow");
-      return 0;
-
-    }
-
-    **out_buf = rand() % 256;
-    buf_size = 1;
-
-  } else {
-
-    // We reuse buf here. It's legal and faster.
-    *out_buf = buf;
-
-  }
-
-  size_t victim = rand() % buf_size;
+  size_t victim = rand() % (buf_size - sizeof(size_t));
   (*out_buf)[victim] += rand() % 10;
 
   return buf_size;
@@ -348,12 +319,15 @@ uint8_t afl_custom_queue_get(my_mutator_t *data, const uint8_t *filename) {
  * @param data pointer returned in afl_custom_init for this fuzz case
  * @param filename_new_queue File name of the new queue entry
  * @param filename_orig_queue File name of the original queue entry
+ * @return if the file contents was modified return 1 (True), 0 (False)
+ *         otherwise
  */
-void afl_custom_queue_new_entry(my_mutator_t * data,
-                                const uint8_t *filename_new_queue,
-                                const uint8_t *filename_orig_queue) {
+uint8_t afl_custom_queue_new_entry(my_mutator_t  *data,
+                                   const uint8_t *filename_new_queue,
+                                   const uint8_t *filename_orig_queue) {
 
   /* Additional analysis on the original or new test case */
+  return 0;
 
 }
 
@@ -364,10 +338,8 @@ void afl_custom_queue_new_entry(my_mutator_t * data,
  */
 void afl_custom_deinit(my_mutator_t *data) {
 
-  free(data->pre_save_buf);
-  free(data->havoc_buf);
-  free(data->data_buf);
-  free(data->fuzz_buf);
+  free(data->post_process_buf);
+  free(data->mutated_out);
   free(data->trim_buf);
   free(data);
 

custom_mutators/examples/example.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
-'''
+"""
 Example Python Module for AFLFuzz
 
 @author:     Christian Holler (:decoder)
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 @contact:    choller@mozilla.com
-'''
+"""
 
 import random
 
@@ -21,16 +21,17 @@ COMMANDS = [
     b"GET",
     b"PUT",
     b"DEL",
+    b"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA",
 ]
 
 
 def init(seed):
-    '''
+    """
     Called once when AFLFuzz starts up. Used to seed our RNG.
 
     @type seed: int
     @param seed: A 32-bit random value
-    '''
+    """
     random.seed(seed)
 
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ def deinit():
 
 
 def fuzz(buf, add_buf, max_size):
-    '''
+    """
     Called per fuzzing iteration.
 
     @type buf: bytearray
@@ -54,13 +55,14 @@ def fuzz(buf, add_buf, max_size):
 
     @rtype: bytearray
     @return: A new bytearray containing the mutated data
-    '''
+    """
     ret = bytearray(100)
 
     ret[:3] = random.choice(COMMANDS)
 
     return ret
 
+
 # Uncomment and implement the following methods if you want to use a custom
 # trimming algorithm. See also the documentation for a better API description.
 
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ def fuzz(buf, add_buf, max_size):
 #
 #     return next_index
 #
-# def pre_save(buf):
+# def post_process(buf):
 #     '''
 #     Called just before the execution to write the test case in the format
 #     expected by the target
@@ -131,6 +133,11 @@ def fuzz(buf, add_buf, max_size):
 #     @return: The buffer containing the test case after
 #     '''
 #     return buf
+# def post_run():
+#     '''
+#     Called after each time the execution of the target program by AFL++
+#     '''
+#     pass
 #
 # def havoc_mutation(buf, max_size):
 #     '''

custom_mutators/examples/post_library_gif.so.c

@@ -39,28 +39,26 @@
 
      gcc -shared -Wall -O3 post_library.so.c -o post_library.so
 
-   AFL will call the afl_postprocess() function for every mutated output buffer.
-   From there, you have three choices:
+   AFL will call the afl_custom_post_process() function for every mutated output
+   buffer. From there, you have three choices:
 
    1) If you don't want to modify the test case, simply set `*out_buf = in_buf`
       and return the original `len`.
 
    2) If you want to skip this test case altogether and have AFL generate a
-      new one, return 0 or set `*out_buf = NULL`.
+      new one, return 0.
       Use this sparingly - it's faster than running the target program
       with patently useless inputs, but still wastes CPU time.
 
    3) If you want to modify the test case, allocate an appropriately-sized
       buffer, move the data into that buffer, make the necessary changes, and
       then return the new pointer as out_buf. Return an appropriate len
-   afterwards.
+      afterwards.
 
       Note that the buffer will *not* be freed for you. To avoid memory leaks,
       you need to free it or reuse it on subsequent calls (as shown below).
 
-      *** Feel free to reuse the original 'in_buf' BUFFER and return it. ***
-
-    Aight. The example below shows a simple postprocessor that tries to make
+    Alright. The example below shows a simple postprocessor that tries to make
     sure that all input files start with "GIF89a".
 
     PS. If you don't like C, you can try out the unix-based wrapper from
@@ -71,6 +69,7 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
 
 /* Header that must be present at the beginning of every test case: */
 
@@ -78,12 +77,11 @@
 
 typedef struct post_state {
 
-  unsigned char *buf;
-  size_t         size;
+  size_t size;
 
 } post_state_t;
 
-void *afl_postprocess_init(void *afl) {
+void *afl_custom_init(void *afl) {
 
   post_state_t *state = malloc(sizeof(post_state_t));
   if (!state) {
@@ -93,17 +91,18 @@ void *afl_postprocess_init(void *afl) {
 
   }
 
-  state->buf = calloc(sizeof(unsigned char), 4096);
-  if (!state->buf) { return NULL; }
-
   return state;
 
 }
 
 /* The actual postprocessor routine called by afl-fuzz: */
 
-size_t afl_postprocess(post_state_t *data, unsigned char *in_buf,
-                       unsigned int len, unsigned char **out_buf) {
+size_t afl_custom_post_process(post_state_t *data, unsigned char *in_buf,
+                               unsigned int len, unsigned char **out_buf) {
+
+  /* we do in-place modification as we do not increase the size */
+
+  *out_buf = in_buf;
 
   /* Skip execution altogether for buffers shorter than 6 bytes (just to
      show how it's done). We can trust len to be sane. */
@@ -112,32 +111,7 @@ size_t afl_postprocess(post_state_t *data, unsigned char *in_buf,
 
   /* Do nothing for buffers that already start with the expected header. */
 
-  if (!memcmp(in_buf, HEADER, strlen(HEADER))) {
-
-    *out_buf = in_buf;
-    return len;
-
-  }
-
-  /* Allocate memory for new buffer, reusing previous allocation if
-     possible. */
-
-  *out_buf = realloc(data->buf, len);
-
-  /* If we're out of memory, the most graceful thing to do is to return the
-     original buffer and give up on modifying it. Let AFL handle OOM on its
-     own later on. */
-
-  if (!*out_buf) {
-
-    *out_buf = in_buf;
-    return len;
-
-  }
-
-  /* Copy the original data to the new location. */
-
-  memcpy(*out_buf, in_buf, len);
+  if (!memcmp(in_buf, HEADER, strlen(HEADER))) { return len; }
 
   /* Insert the new header. */
 
@@ -150,9 +124,8 @@ size_t afl_postprocess(post_state_t *data, unsigned char *in_buf,
 }
 
 /* Gets called afterwards */
-void afl_postprocess_deinit(post_state_t *data) {
+void afl_custom_deinit(post_state_t *data) {
 
-  free(data->buf);
   free(data);
 
 }

custom_mutators/examples/post_library_png.so.c

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <zlib.h>
-
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
 
 /* A macro to round an integer up to 4 kB. */
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ typedef struct post_state {
 
 } post_state_t;
 
-void *afl_postprocess_init(void *afl) {
+void *afl_custom_init(void *afl) {
 
   post_state_t *state = malloc(sizeof(post_state_t));
   if (!state) {
@@ -53,18 +53,22 @@ void *afl_postprocess_init(void *afl) {
 
   }
 
-  state->buf = calloc(sizeof(unsigned char), 4096);
-  if (!state->buf) { return NULL; }
+  state->buf = calloc(sizeof(unsigned char), MAX_FILE);
+  if (!state->buf) {
+
+    free(state);
+    perror("calloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
 
   return state;
 
 }
 
-size_t afl_postprocess(post_state_t *data, const unsigned char *in_buf,
-                       unsigned int len, const unsigned char **out_buf) {
-
-  unsigned char *new_buf = (unsigned char *)in_buf;
-  unsigned int   pos = 8;
+size_t afl_custom_post_process(post_state_t *data, const unsigned char *in_buf,
+                               unsigned int          len,
+                               const unsigned char **out_buf) {
 
   /* Don't do anything if there's not enough room for the PNG header
      (8 bytes). */
@@ -76,6 +80,8 @@ size_t afl_postprocess(post_state_t *data, const unsigned char *in_buf,
 
   }
 
+  unsigned int pos = 8;
+
   /* Minimum size of a zero-length PNG chunk is 12 bytes; if we
      don't have that, we can bail out. */
 
@@ -104,34 +110,7 @@ size_t afl_postprocess(post_state_t *data, const unsigned char *in_buf,
 
     if (real_cksum != file_cksum) {
 
-      /* First modification? Make a copy of the input buffer. Round size
-         up to 4 kB to minimize the number of reallocs needed. */
-
-      if (new_buf == in_buf) {
-
-        if (len <= data->size) {
-
-          new_buf = data->buf;
-
-        } else {
-
-          new_buf = realloc(data->buf, UP4K(len));
-          if (!new_buf) {
-
-            *out_buf = in_buf;
-            return len;
-
-          }
-
-          data->buf = new_buf;
-          data->size = UP4K(len);
-          memcpy(new_buf, in_buf, len);
-
-        }
-
-      }
-
-      *(uint32_t *)(new_buf + pos + 8 + chunk_len) = real_cksum;
+      *(uint32_t *)(data->buf + pos + 8 + chunk_len) = real_cksum;
 
     }
 
@@ -141,13 +120,13 @@ size_t afl_postprocess(post_state_t *data, const unsigned char *in_buf,
 
   }
 
-  *out_buf = new_buf;
+  *out_buf = data->buf;
   return len;
 
 }
 
 /* Gets called afterwards */
-void afl_postprocess_deinit(post_state_t *data) {
+void afl_custom_deinit(post_state_t *data) {
 
   free(data->buf);
   free(data);

custom_mutators/examples/simple-chunk-replace.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # encoding: utf-8
-'''
+"""
 Simple Chunk Cross-Over Replacement Module for AFLFuzz
 
 @author:     Christian Holler (:decoder)
@@ -12,24 +12,24 @@ License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 
 @contact:    choller@mozilla.com
-'''
+"""
 
 import random
 
 
 def init(seed):
-    '''
+    """
     Called once when AFLFuzz starts up. Used to seed our RNG.
 
     @type seed: int
     @param seed: A 32-bit random value
-    '''
+    """
     # Seed our RNG
     random.seed(seed)
 
 
 def fuzz(buf, add_buf, max_size):
-    '''
+    """
     Called per fuzzing iteration.
 
     @type buf: bytearray
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def fuzz(buf, add_buf, max_size):
 
     @rtype: bytearray
     @return: A new bytearray containing the mutated data
-    '''
+    """
     # Make a copy of our input buffer for returning
     ret = bytearray(buf)
 
@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@ def fuzz(buf, add_buf, max_size):
     rand_dst_idx = random.randint(0, len(buf))
 
     # Make the chunk replacement
-    ret[rand_dst_idx:rand_dst_idx + fragment_len] = add_buf[rand_src_idx:rand_src_idx + fragment_len]
+    ret[rand_dst_idx : rand_dst_idx + fragment_len] = add_buf[
+        rand_src_idx : rand_src_idx + fragment_len
+    ]
 
     # Return data
     return ret

custom_mutators/examples/simple_example.c

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// This simple example just creates random buffer <= 100 filled with 'A'
+// needs -I /path/to/AFLplusplus/include
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#ifndef _FIXED_CHAR
+  #define _FIXED_CHAR 0x41
+#endif
+
+typedef struct my_mutator {
+
+  afl_state_t *afl;
+
+  // Reused buffers:
+  u8 *fuzz_buf;
+
+} my_mutator_t;
+
+my_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_state_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
+
+  srand(seed);
+  my_mutator_t *data = calloc(1, sizeof(my_mutator_t));
+  if (!data) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  data->fuzz_buf = (u8 *)malloc(MAX_FILE);
+  if (!data->fuzz_buf) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init malloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  data->afl = afl;
+
+  return data;
+
+}
+
+size_t afl_custom_fuzz(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size,
+                       u8 **out_buf, uint8_t *add_buf,
+                       size_t add_buf_size,  // add_buf can be NULL
+                       size_t max_size) {
+
+  int size = (rand() % 100) + 1;
+  if (size > max_size) size = max_size;
+
+  memset(data->fuzz_buf, _FIXED_CHAR, size);
+
+  *out_buf = data->fuzz_buf;
+  return size;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deinitialize everything
+ *
+ * @param data The data ptr from afl_custom_init
+ */
+void afl_custom_deinit(my_mutator_t *data) {
+
+  free(data->fuzz_buf);
+  free(data);
+
+}
+

custom_mutators/examples/wrapper_afl_min.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def log(text):
 
 def init(seed):
     """
-          Called once when AFL starts up. Seed is used to identify the AFL instance in log files
+    Called once when AFL starts up. Seed is used to identify the AFL instance in log files
     """
 
     global __mutator__
@@ -72,7 +72,10 @@ def fuzz(buf, add_buf, max_size):
     if via_buffer:
         try:
             __mutator__.init_from_string(buf_str)
-            log("fuzz(): Mutator successfully initialized with AFL buffer (%d bytes)" % len(buf_str))
+            log(
+                "fuzz(): Mutator successfully initialized with AFL buffer (%d bytes)"
+                % len(buf_str)
+            )
         except Exception:
             via_buffer = False
             log("fuzz(): Can't initialize mutator with AFL buffer")
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ def fuzz(buf, add_buf, max_size):
 
 
 # Main (for debug)
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
 
     __log__ = True
     __log_file__ = "/dev/stdout"
@@ -112,7 +115,9 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
 
     init(__seed__)
 
-    in_1 = bytearray("<foo ddd='eeee'>ffff<a b='c' d='456' eee='ffffff'>zzzzzzzzzzzz</a><b yyy='YYY' zzz='ZZZ'></b></foo>")
+    in_1 = bytearray(
+        "<foo ddd='eeee'>ffff<a b='c' d='456' eee='ffffff'>zzzzzzzzzzzz</a><b yyy='YYY' zzz='ZZZ'></b></foo>"
+    )
     in_2 = bytearray("<abc abc123='456' abcCBA='ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp'/>")
     out = fuzz(in_1, in_2)
     print(out)

custom_mutators/gramatron/JSONC_VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+af8dd4a307e7b837f9fa2959549548ace4afe08b

custom_mutators/gramatron/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# GramaTron
+
+GramaTron is a coverage-guided fuzzer that uses grammar automatons to perform
+grammar-aware fuzzing.  Technical details about our framework are available in
+the [ISSTA'21 paper](https://nebelwelt.net/files/21ISSTA.pdf). The artifact to
+reproduce the experiments presented in the paper are present in `artifact/`.
+Instructions to run a sample campaign and incorporate new grammars is presented
+below:
+
+## Compiling
+
+Execute `./build_gramatron_mutator.sh`.
+
+## Running
+
+You have to set the grammar file to use with `GRAMATRON_AUTOMATION`:
+
+```
+export AFL_DISABLE_TRIM=1
+export AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_ONLY=1
+export AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_LIBRARY=./gramatron.so
+export GRAMATRON_AUTOMATION=grammars/ruby/source_automata.json
+afl-fuzz -i in -o out -- ./target
+```
+
+## Adding and testing a new grammar
+
+- Specify in a JSON format for CFG. Examples are correspond `source.json` files.
+- Run the automaton generation script (in `src/gramfuzz-mutator/preprocess`)
+  which will place the generated automaton in the same folder.
+
+  ```
+  ./preprocess/prep_automaton.sh <grammar_file> <start_symbol> [stack_limit]
+
+  E.g., ./preprocess/prep_automaton.sh ~/grammars/ruby/source.json PROGRAM
+  ```
+
+- If the grammar has no self-embedding rules, then you do not need to pass the
+  stack limit parameter. However, if it does have self-embedding rules, then you
+  need to pass the stack limit parameter. We recommend starting with `5` and
+  then increasing it if you need more complexity.
+- To sanity-check that the automaton is generating inputs as expected, you can
+  use the `test` binary housed in `src/gramfuzz-mutator`.
+
+  ```
+  ./test SanityCheck <automaton_file>
+
+  E.g., ./test SanityCheck ~/grammars/ruby/source_automata.json
+  ```

custom_mutators/gramatron/build_gramatron_mutator.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# american fuzzy lop++ - gramatron build script
+# ------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Originally written by Nathan Voss <njvoss99@gmail.com>
+#
+# Adapted from code by Andrew Griffiths <agriffiths@google.com> and
+#                      Michal Zalewski
+#
+# Adapted for AFLplusplus by Dominik Maier <mail@dmnk.co>
+#
+# Copyright 2017 Battelle Memorial Institute. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2019-2023 AFLplusplus Project. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# This script downloads, patches, and builds a version of Unicorn with
+# minor tweaks to allow Unicorn-emulated binaries to be run under
+# afl-fuzz.
+#
+# The modifications reside in patches/*. The standalone Unicorn library
+# will be written to /usr/lib/libunicornafl.so, and the Python bindings
+# will be installed system-wide.
+#
+# You must make sure that Unicorn Engine is not already installed before
+# running this script. If it is, please uninstall it first.
+
+JSONC_VERSION="$(cat ./JSONC_VERSION)"
+JSONC_REPO="https://github.com/json-c/json-c"
+
+echo "================================================="
+echo "Gramatron Mutator build script"
+echo "================================================="
+echo
+
+echo "[*] Performing basic sanity checks..."
+
+PLT=`uname -s`
+
+if [ ! -f "../../config.h" ]; then
+
+  echo "[-] Error: key files not found - wrong working directory?"
+  exit 1
+
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f "../../src/afl-performance.o" ]; then
+
+  echo "[-] Error: you must build afl-fuzz first and not do a \"make clean\""
+  exit 1
+
+fi
+
+PYTHONBIN=`command -v python3 || command -v python || command -v python2 || echo python3`
+MAKECMD=make
+TARCMD=tar
+
+if [ "$PLT" = "Darwin" ]; then
+  CORES=`sysctl -n hw.ncpu`
+  TARCMD=tar
+fi
+
+if [ "$PLT" = "FreeBSD" ]; then
+  MAKECMD=gmake
+  CORES=`sysctl -n hw.ncpu`
+  TARCMD=gtar
+fi
+
+if [ "$PLT" = "NetBSD" ] || [ "$PLT" = "OpenBSD" ]; then
+  MAKECMD=gmake
+  CORES=`sysctl -n hw.ncpu`
+  TARCMD=gtar
+fi
+
+PREREQ_NOTFOUND=
+for i in git $MAKECMD $TARCMD; do
+
+  T=`command -v "$i" 2>/dev/null`
+
+  if [ "$T" = "" ]; then
+
+    echo "[-] Error: '$i' not found. Run 'sudo apt-get install $i' or similar."
+    PREREQ_NOTFOUND=1
+
+  fi
+
+done
+
+test -z "$CC" && export CC=cc
+
+if echo "$CC" | grep -qF /afl-; then
+
+  echo "[-] Error: do not use afl-gcc or afl-clang to compile this tool."
+  PREREQ_NOTFOUND=1
+
+fi
+
+if [ "$PREREQ_NOTFOUND" = "1" ]; then
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "[+] All checks passed!"
+
+echo "[*] Making sure json-c is checked out"
+
+git status 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+  echo "[*] initializing json-c submodule"
+  git submodule init || exit 1
+  git submodule update ./json-c 2>/dev/null # ignore errors
+else
+  echo "[*] cloning json-c"
+  test -d json-c/.git || {
+    CNT=1
+    while [ '!' -d json-c/.git -a "$CNT" -lt 4 ]; do
+      echo "Trying to clone json-c (attempt $CNT/3)"
+      git clone "$JSONC_REPO" 
+      CNT=`expr "$CNT" + 1`
+    done
+  }
+fi
+
+test -e json-c/.git || { echo "[-] not checked out, please install git or check your internet connection." ; exit 1 ; }
+echo "[+] Got json-c."
+
+test -e json-c/.libs/libjson-c.a || {
+  cd "json-c" || exit 1
+  echo "[*] Checking out $JSONC_VERSION"
+  sh -c 'git stash && git stash drop' 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+  git checkout "$JSONC_VERSION" || exit 1
+  sh autogen.sh || exit 1
+  export CFLAGS=-fPIC
+  ./configure --disable-shared || exit 1
+  make || exit 1
+  cd ..
+}
+
+echo
+echo
+echo "[+] Json-c successfully prepared!"
+echo "[+] Builing gramatron now."
+$CC -O3 -g -fPIC -Wno-unused-result -Wl,--allow-multiple-definition -I../../include -o gramatron.so -shared -I. -I/prg/dev/include gramfuzz.c gramfuzz-helpers.c gramfuzz-mutators.c gramfuzz-util.c hashmap.c ../../src/afl-performance.o json-c/.libs/libjson-c.a || exit 1
+echo
+echo "[+] gramatron successfully built!"

custom_mutators/gramatron/gramfuzz-helpers.c

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+#include "gramfuzz.h"
+
+/*Slices from beginning till idx*/
+Array *slice(Array *input, int idx) {
+
+  // printf("\nSlice idx:%d", idx);
+  terminal *origptr;
+  terminal *term_ptr;
+  Array *   sliced = (Array *)malloc(sizeof(Array));
+  initArray(sliced, input->size);
+  // Populate dynamic array members
+  if (idx == 0) { return sliced; }
+  for (int x = 0; x < idx; x++) {
+
+    origptr = &input->start[x];
+    insertArray(sliced, origptr->state, origptr->symbol, origptr->symbol_len,
+                origptr->trigger_idx);
+
+  }
+
+  return sliced;
+
+}
+
+/* Slices from idx till end*/
+Array *slice_inverse(Array *input, int idx) {
+
+  // printf("\nSlice idx:%d", idx);
+  terminal *origptr;
+  terminal *term_ptr;
+  Array *   sliced = (Array *)malloc(sizeof(Array));
+  initArray(sliced, input->size);
+  for (int x = idx; x < input->used; x++) {
+
+    origptr = &input->start[x];
+    insertArray(sliced, origptr->state, origptr->symbol, origptr->symbol_len,
+                origptr->trigger_idx);
+
+  }
+
+  return sliced;
+
+}
+
+/*Carves with `start` included and `end` excluded*/
+Array *carve(Array *input, int start, int end) {
+
+  terminal *origptr;
+  terminal *term_ptr;
+  Array *   sliced = (Array *)malloc(sizeof(Array));
+  initArray(sliced, input->size);
+  for (int x = start; x < end; x++) {
+
+    origptr = &input->start[x];
+    insertArray(sliced, origptr->state, origptr->symbol, origptr->symbol_len,
+                origptr->trigger_idx);
+
+  }
+
+  return sliced;
+
+}
+
+/*Concats prefix + feature *mult*/
+void concatPrefixFeature(Array *prefix, Array *feature) {
+
+  // XXX: Currently we have hardcoded the multiplication threshold for adding
+  // the recursive feature. Might want to fix it to choose a random number upper
+  // bounded by a static value instead.
+  terminal *featureptr;
+  int       len = rand_below(global_afl, RECUR_THRESHOLD);
+  for (int x = 0; x < len; x++) {
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < feature->used; y++) {
+
+      featureptr = &feature->start[y];
+      insertArray(prefix, featureptr->state, featureptr->symbol,
+                  featureptr->symbol_len, featureptr->trigger_idx);
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+void concatPrefixFeatureBench(Array *prefix, Array *feature) {
+
+  // XXX: Currently we have hardcoded the multiplication threshold for adding
+  // the recursive feature. Might want to fix it to choose a random number upper
+  // bounded by a static value instead.
+  terminal *featureptr;
+  int       len =
+      5;  // 5 is the number of times we compare performing random recursion.
+  for (int x = 0; x < len; x++) {
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < feature->used; y++) {
+
+      featureptr = &feature->start[y];
+      insertArray(prefix, featureptr->state, featureptr->symbol,
+                  featureptr->symbol_len, featureptr->trigger_idx);
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+Array *spliceGF(Array *orig, Array *toSplice, int idx) {
+
+  terminal *toSplicePtr;
+  terminal *tempPtr;
+  // Iterate through the splice candidate from the `idx` till end
+  for (int x = idx; x < toSplice->used; x++) {
+
+    toSplicePtr = &toSplice->start[x];
+    insertArray(orig, toSplicePtr->state, toSplicePtr->symbol,
+                toSplicePtr->symbol_len, toSplicePtr->trigger_idx);
+
+  }
+
+  return orig;
+
+}
+
+Array *gen_input(state *pda, Array *input) {
+
+  state *   state_ptr;
+  trigger * trigger_ptr;
+  terminal *term_ptr;
+  int       offset = 0;
+  int       randval, error;
+  // Generating an input for the first time
+  if (input == NULL) {
+
+    input = (Array *)calloc(1, sizeof(Array));
+    initArray(input, INIT_SIZE);
+    curr_state = init_state;
+
+  }
+
+  while (curr_state != final_state) {
+
+    // Retrieving the state from the pda
+    state_ptr = pda + curr_state;
+
+    // Get a random trigger
+    randval = rand_below(global_afl, state_ptr->trigger_len);
+    trigger_ptr = (state_ptr->ptr) + randval;
+
+    // Insert into the dynamic array
+    insertArray(input, curr_state, trigger_ptr->term, trigger_ptr->term_len,
+                randval);
+    curr_state = trigger_ptr->dest;
+    offset += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  return input;
+
+}
+
+Array *gen_input_count(state *pda, Array *input, int *mut_count) {
+
+  state *   state_ptr;
+  trigger * trigger_ptr;
+  terminal *term_ptr;
+  int       offset = 0;
+  int       randval, error;
+  // Generating an input for the first time
+  if (input == NULL) {
+
+    input = (Array *)calloc(1, sizeof(Array));
+    initArray(input, INIT_SIZE);
+    curr_state = init_state;
+
+  }
+
+  while (curr_state != final_state) {
+
+    *mut_count += 1;
+    // Retrieving the state from the pda
+    state_ptr = pda + curr_state;
+
+    // Get a random trigger
+    randval = rand_below(global_afl, state_ptr->trigger_len);
+    trigger_ptr = (state_ptr->ptr) + randval;
+
+    // Insert into the dynamic array
+    insertArray(input, curr_state, trigger_ptr->term, trigger_ptr->term_len,
+                randval);
+    curr_state = trigger_ptr->dest;
+    offset += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  return input;
+
+}
+
+/*Creates a candidate from walk with state hashmap and
+ * recursion hashmap
+ */
+
+Candidate *gen_candidate(Array *input) {
+
+  terminal *  term_ptr;
+  IdxMap_new *idxmapPtr;
+  // Declare the State Hash Table
+  IdxMap_new *idxmapStart =
+      (IdxMap_new *)malloc(sizeof(IdxMap_new) * numstates);
+  for (int x = 0; x < numstates; x++) {
+
+    idxmapPtr = &idxmapStart[x];
+    utarray_new(idxmapPtr->nums, &ut_int_icd);
+
+  }
+
+  char *     trigger;
+  int        state;
+  char *     key;
+  Candidate *candidate = (Candidate *)malloc(sizeof(Candidate));
+  candidate->walk = input;
+  int offset = 0, error;
+
+  // Generate statemap for splicing
+  while (offset < input->used) {
+
+    term_ptr = &input->start[offset];
+    state = term_ptr->state;
+    // char *statenum = state + 1;
+    // int num = atoi(statenum);
+    idxmapPtr = &idxmapStart[state];
+    utarray_push_back(idxmapPtr->nums, &offset);
+    offset += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  candidate->statemap = idxmapStart;
+  return candidate;
+
+}
+
+char *get_state(char *trigger) {
+
+  // Get the state from transition
+  int trigger_idx = 0;
+  printf("\nTrigger:%s", trigger);
+  char *state = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * 10);
+  while (trigger[trigger_idx] != '_') {
+
+    state[trigger_idx] = trigger[trigger_idx];
+    trigger_idx += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  printf("\nTrigger Idx:%d", trigger_idx);
+  state[trigger_idx] = '\0';
+  return state;
+
+}
+
+void print_repr(Array *input, char *prefix) {
+
+  size_t    offset = 0;
+  terminal *term_ptr;
+  char      geninput[input->used * 100];
+  if (!input->used) {
+
+    printf("\n=============");
+    printf("\n%s:%s", prefix, "");
+    printf("\n=============");
+    return;
+
+  }
+
+  // This is done to create a null-terminated initial string
+  term_ptr = &input->start[offset];
+  strcpy(geninput, term_ptr->symbol);
+  offset += 1;
+
+  while (offset < input->used) {
+
+    term_ptr = &input->start[offset];
+    strcat(geninput, term_ptr->symbol);
+    offset += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  printf("\n=============");
+  printf("\n%s:%s", prefix, geninput);
+  printf("\n=============");
+
+}
+
+// int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
+
+//     char *mode;
+//     if (argc == 1) {
+
+//         printf("\nUsage: ./gramfuzzer <mode>");
+//         return -1;
+//     }
+//     if (argc >= 2) {
+
+//         mode = argv[1];
+//         printf("\nMode:%s", mode);
+//     }
+//     if (! strcmp(mode, "Generate")) {
+
+//         GenInputBenchmark();
+//     }
+//     else if (! strcmp(mode, "RandomMutation")) {
+
+//         RandomMutationBenchmark();
+//     }
+//     else if (! strcmp(mode, "Splice")) {
+
+//         SpliceMutationBenchmark();
+//     }
+//     else if (! strcmp(mode, "Recursive")) {
+
+//         RandomRecursiveBenchmark();
+//     }
+//     else {
+
+//         printf("\nUnrecognized mode");
+//         return -1;
+//     }
+//     return 0;
+// }
+

custom_mutators/gramatron/gramfuzz-mutators.c

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+#include "gramfuzz.h"
+
+Array *performRandomMutation(state *pda, Array *input) {
+
+  terminal *term_ptr;
+  // terminal *prev_ptr;
+  Array *mutated;
+  Array *sliced;
+
+  // Get offset at which to generate new input and slice it
+  int idx = rand_below(global_afl, input->used);
+  sliced = slice(input, idx);
+  // print_repr(sliced, "Slice");
+
+  // prev_ptr = & input->start[idx - 1];
+  // printf("\nState:%s Symbol:%s", prev_ptr->state, prev_ptr->symbol);
+  // Reset current state to that of the slice's last member
+  term_ptr = &input->start[idx];
+  curr_state = term_ptr->state;
+  // printf("\nState:%s Symbol:%s", curr_state, term_ptr->symbol);
+
+  // Set the next available cell to the one adjacent to this chosen point
+  mutated = gen_input(pda, sliced);
+  return mutated;
+
+}
+
+// Tries to perform splice operation between two automaton walks
+UT_icd intpair_icd = {sizeof(intpair_t), NULL, NULL, NULL};
+
+Array *performSpliceOne(Array *originput, IdxMap_new *statemap_orig,
+                        Array *splicecand) {
+
+  UT_array * stateptr, *pairs;
+  intpair_t  ip;
+  intpair_t *cand;
+
+  terminal *term_ptr;
+  Array *   prefix;
+  int       state;
+
+  // Initialize the dynamic holding the splice indice pairs
+  utarray_new(pairs, &intpair_icd);
+  // print_repr(originput, "Orig");
+  // print_repr(splicecand, "SpliceCand");
+
+  // Iterate through the splice candidate identifying potential splice points
+  // and pushing pair (orig_idx, splice_idx) to a dynamic array
+  for (int x = 0; x < splicecand->used; x++) {
+
+    term_ptr = &splicecand->start[x];
+    stateptr = statemap_orig[term_ptr->state].nums;
+    int length = utarray_len(stateptr);
+    if (length) {
+
+      int *splice_idx = (int *)utarray_eltptr(stateptr, rand_below(global_afl, length));
+      ip.orig_idx = *splice_idx;
+      ip.splice_idx = x;
+      utarray_push_back(pairs, &ip);
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  // Pick a random pair
+  int length = utarray_len(pairs);
+  cand = (intpair_t *)utarray_eltptr(pairs, rand_below(global_afl, length));
+  // printf("\n Orig_idx:%d Splice_idx:%d", cand->orig_idx, cand->splice_idx);
+
+  // Perform the splicing
+  prefix = slice(originput, cand->orig_idx);
+  Array *spliced = spliceGF(prefix, splicecand, cand->splice_idx);
+  // print_repr(spliced, "Spliced");
+  //
+  utarray_free(pairs);
+
+  return spliced;
+
+}
+
+UT_array **get_dupes(Array *input, int *recur_len) {
+
+  // Variables related to finding duplicates
+  int         offset = 0;
+  int         state;
+  terminal *  term_ptr;
+  IdxMap_new *idxMapPtr;
+  UT_array ** recurIdx;
+
+  // Declare the Recursive Map Table
+  IdxMap_new *idxmapStart =
+      (IdxMap_new *)malloc(sizeof(IdxMap_new) * numstates);
+  //
+  // UT_array *(recurIdx[numstates]);
+  recurIdx = malloc(sizeof(UT_array *) * numstates);
+
+  for (int x = 0; x < numstates; x++) {
+
+    idxMapPtr = &idxmapStart[x];
+    utarray_new(idxMapPtr->nums, &ut_int_icd);
+
+  }
+
+  // Obtain frequency distribution of states
+  while (offset < input->used) {
+
+    term_ptr = &input->start[offset];
+    state = term_ptr->state;
+    // int num = atoi(state + 1);
+    idxMapPtr = &idxmapStart[state];
+    utarray_push_back(idxMapPtr->nums, &offset);
+    offset += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  // Retrieve the duplicated states
+  offset = 0;
+  while (offset < numstates) {
+
+    idxMapPtr = &idxmapStart[offset];
+    int length = utarray_len(idxMapPtr->nums);
+    if (length >= 2) {
+
+      recurIdx[*recur_len] = idxMapPtr->nums;
+      *recur_len += 1;
+
+    }
+
+    // else {
+
+    //     utarray_free(idxMapPtr->nums);
+    // }
+    offset += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  if (*recur_len) {
+
+    // Declare the return struct
+    // We use this struct so that we save the reference to IdxMap_new and free
+    // it after we have used it in doMult
+    // Get_Dupes_Ret* getdupesret =
+    // (Get_Dupes_Ret*)malloc(sizeof(Get_Dupes_Ret));
+    return recurIdx;
+    // getdupesret->idxmap = idxmapStart;
+    // getdupesret->recurIdx = recurIdx;
+    // return getdupesret;
+
+  } else {
+
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+Array *doMult(Array *input, UT_array **recur, int recurlen) {
+
+  int       offset = 0;
+  int       idx = rand_below(global_afl, recurlen);
+  UT_array *recurMap = recur[idx];
+  UT_array *recurPtr;
+  Array *   prefix;
+  Array *   postfix;
+  Array *   feature;
+
+  // Choose two indices to get the recursive feature
+  int recurIndices = utarray_len(recurMap);
+  int firstIdx = 0;
+  int secondIdx = 0;
+  getTwoIndices(recurMap, recurIndices, &firstIdx, &secondIdx);
+
+  // Perform the recursive mut
+  // print_repr(input, "Orig");
+  prefix = slice(input, firstIdx);
+  // print_repr(prefix, "Prefix");
+  if (firstIdx < secondIdx) {
+
+    feature = carve(input, firstIdx, secondIdx);
+
+  } else {
+
+    feature = carve(input, secondIdx, firstIdx);
+
+  }
+
+  // print_repr(feature, "Feature");
+  concatPrefixFeature(prefix, feature);
+
+  // GC allocated structures
+  free(feature->start);
+  free(feature);
+  // for(int x = 0; x < recurlen; x++) {
+
+  //     utarray_free(recur[x]);
+  // }
+  // free(recur);
+  // print_repr(prefix, "Concat");
+  return spliceGF(prefix, input, secondIdx);
+
+}
+
+void getTwoIndices(UT_array *recur, int recurlen, int *firstIdx,
+                   int *secondIdx) {
+
+  int ArrayRecurIndices[recurlen];
+  int offset = 0, *p;
+  // Unroll into an array
+  for (p = (int *)utarray_front(recur); p != NULL;
+       p = (int *)utarray_next(recur, p)) {
+
+    ArrayRecurIndices[offset] = *p;
+    offset += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  /*Source:
+   * https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/shuffle-a-given-array-using-fisher-yates-shuffle-algorithm/
+   */
+  for (int i = offset - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+
+    // Pick a random index from 0 to i
+    int j = rand_below(global_afl, i + 1);
+
+    // Swap arr[i] with the element at random index
+    swap(&ArrayRecurIndices[i], &ArrayRecurIndices[j]);
+
+  }
+
+  *firstIdx = ArrayRecurIndices[0];
+  *secondIdx = ArrayRecurIndices[1];
+
+}
+
+void swap(int *a, int *b) {
+
+  int temp = *a;
+  *a = *b;
+  *b = temp;
+
+}
+

custom_mutators/gramatron/gramfuzz-util.c

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+#include "gramfuzz.h"
+#ifdef _GNU_SOURCE
+  #undef _GNU_SOURCE
+#endif
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+/* Dynamic Array for adding to the input repr
+ * */
+void initArray(Array *a, size_t initialSize) {
+
+  a->start = (terminal *)calloc(1, sizeof(terminal) * initialSize);
+  a->used = 0;
+  a->size = initialSize;
+  a->inputlen = 0;
+
+}
+
+void insertArray(Array *a, int state, char *symbol, size_t symbol_len,
+                 int trigger_idx) {
+
+  // a->used is the number of used entries, because a->array[a->used++] updates
+  // a->used only *after* the array has been accessed. Therefore a->used can go
+  // up to a->size
+  terminal *term_ptr;
+  if (a->used == a->size) {
+
+    a->size = a->size * sizeof(terminal);
+    a->start = (terminal *)realloc(a->start, a->size * sizeof(terminal));
+
+  }
+
+  // Add the element
+  term_ptr = &a->start[a->used];
+  term_ptr->state = state;
+  term_ptr->symbol = symbol;
+  term_ptr->symbol_len = symbol_len;
+  term_ptr->trigger_idx = trigger_idx;
+
+  // Increment the pointer
+  a->used += 1;
+  a->inputlen += symbol_len;
+
+}
+
+void freeArray(Array *a) {
+
+  terminal *ptr;
+  for (int x = 0; x < a->used; x++) {
+
+    ptr = &a->start[x];
+    free(ptr);
+
+  }
+
+  a->start = NULL;
+  a->used = a->size = 0;
+
+}
+
+/* Dynamic array for adding indices of states/recursive features
+ * Source:
+ * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3536153/c-dynamically-growing-array
+ */
+void initArrayIdx(IdxMap *a, size_t initialSize) {
+
+  a->array = (int *)malloc(initialSize * sizeof(int));
+  a->used = 0;
+  a->size = initialSize;
+
+}
+
+void insertArrayIdx(IdxMap *a, int idx) {
+
+  // a->used is the number of used entries, because a->array[a->used++] updates
+  // a->used only *after* the array has been accessed. Therefore a->used can go
+  // up to a->size
+  if (a->used == a->size) {
+
+    a->size *= 2;
+    a->array = (int *)realloc(a->array, a->size * sizeof(int));
+
+  }
+
+  a->array[a->used++] = idx;
+
+}
+
+void freeArrayIdx(IdxMap *a) {
+
+  free(a->array);
+  a->array = NULL;
+  a->used = a->size = 0;
+
+}
+
+/* Dynamic array for adding potential splice points
+ */
+void initArraySplice(SpliceCandArray *a, size_t initialSize) {
+
+  a->start = (SpliceCand *)malloc(initialSize * sizeof(SpliceCand));
+  a->used = 0;
+  a->size = initialSize;
+
+}
+
+void insertArraySplice(SpliceCandArray *a, Candidate *candidate, int idx) {
+
+  // a->used is the number of used entries, because a->array[a->used++] updates
+  // a->used only *after* the array has been accessed. Therefore a->used can go
+  // up to a->size
+  SpliceCand *candptr;
+  if (a->used == a->size) {
+
+    a->size = a->size * sizeof(SpliceCand);
+    a->start = (SpliceCand *)realloc(a->start, a->size * sizeof(SpliceCand));
+
+  }
+
+  // Add the element
+  candptr = &a->start[a->used];
+  candptr->splice_cand = candidate;
+  candptr->idx = idx;
+  a->used += 1;
+
+}
+
+void freeArraySplice(IdxMap *a) {
+
+  free(a->array);
+  a->array = NULL;
+  a->used = a->size = 0;
+
+}
+
+int fact(int n) {
+
+  int i, f = 1;
+  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
+
+    f *= i;
+
+  }
+
+  return f;
+
+}
+
+/* Uses the walk to create the input in-memory */
+u8 *unparse_walk(Array *input) {
+
+  terminal *term_ptr;
+  int       offset = 0;
+  u8 *      unparsed = (u8 *)malloc(input->inputlen + 1);
+  term_ptr = &input->start[offset];
+  strcpy(unparsed, term_ptr->symbol);
+  offset += 1;
+  while (offset < input->used) {
+
+    term_ptr = &input->start[offset];
+    strcat(unparsed, term_ptr->symbol);
+    offset += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  return unparsed;
+
+}
+
+/*Dump the input representation into a file*/
+void write_input(Array *input, u8 *fn) {
+
+  FILE *fp;
+  // If file already exists, then skip creating the file
+  if (access(fn, F_OK) != -1) { return; }
+
+  fp = fopen(fn, "wbx+");
+  // If the input has already been flushed, then skip silently
+  if (fp == NULL) {
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n File '%s' could not be open, exiting\n", fn);
+    exit(1);
+
+  }
+
+  // Write the length parameters
+  fwrite(&input->used, sizeof(size_t), 1, fp);
+  fwrite(&input->size, sizeof(size_t), 1, fp);
+  fwrite(&input->inputlen, sizeof(size_t), 1, fp);
+
+  // Write the dynamic array to file
+  fwrite(input->start, input->size * sizeof(terminal), 1, fp);
+  // printf("\nUsed:%zu Size:%zu Inputlen:%zu", input->used, input->size,
+  // input->inputlen);
+  fclose(fp);
+
+}
+
+Array *parse_input(state *pda, FILE *fp) {
+
+  terminal *term;
+  state *   state_ptr;
+  trigger * trigger;
+  int       trigger_idx;
+  Array *   input = (Array *)calloc(1, sizeof(Array));
+
+  // Read the length parameters
+  fread(&input->used, sizeof(size_t), 1, fp);
+  fread(&input->size, sizeof(size_t), 1, fp);
+  fread(&input->inputlen, sizeof(size_t), 1, fp);
+
+  terminal *start_ptr = (terminal *)calloc(input->size, sizeof(terminal));
+  if (!start_ptr) {
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "alloc failed!\n");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  // Read the dynamic array to memory
+  fread(start_ptr, input->size * sizeof(terminal), 1, fp);
+  // Update the pointers to the terminals since they would have
+  // changed
+  int idx = 0;
+  while (idx < input->used) {
+
+    terminal *term = &start_ptr[idx];
+    // Find the state
+    state_ptr = pda + term->state;
+    // Find the trigger and update the terminal address
+    trigger_idx = term->trigger_idx;
+    trigger = (state_ptr->ptr) + trigger_idx;
+    term->symbol = trigger->term;
+    idx += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  input->start = start_ptr;
+  // printf("\nUsed:%zu Size:%zu Inputlen:%zu", input->used, input->size,
+  // input->inputlen);
+
+  return input;
+
+}
+
+// Read the input representation into memory
+Array *read_input(state *pda, u8 *fn) {
+
+  FILE *fp;
+  fp = fopen(fn, "rb");
+  if (fp == NULL) {
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n File '%s' does not exist, exiting\n", fn);
+    exit(1);
+
+  }
+
+  Array *res = parse_input(pda, fp);
+  fclose(fp);
+  return res;
+
+}
+

custom_mutators/gramatron/gramfuzz.c

@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+// This simple example just creates random buffer <= 100 filled with 'A'
+// needs -I /path/to/AFLplusplus/include
+//#include "custom_mutator_helpers.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+#include "gramfuzz.h"
+
+#define MUTATORS 4  // Specify the total number of mutators
+
+typedef struct my_mutator {
+
+  afl_state_t *afl;
+
+  u8 *   mutator_buf;
+  u8 *   unparsed_input;
+  Array *mutated_walk;
+  Array *orig_walk;
+
+  IdxMap_new *statemap;  // Keeps track of the statemap
+  UT_array ** recurIdx;
+  // Get_Dupes_Ret* getdupesret; // Recursive feature map
+  int recurlen;
+
+  int mut_alloced;
+  int orig_alloced;
+  int mut_idx;  // Signals the current mutator being used, used to cycle through
+                // each mutator
+
+  unsigned int seed;
+
+} my_mutator_t;
+
+state *create_pda(u8 *automaton_file) {
+
+  struct json_object *parsed_json;
+  state *             pda;
+  json_object *       source_obj, *attr;
+  int                 arraylen, ii, ii2, trigger_len, error;
+
+  printf("\n[GF] Automaton file passed:%s", automaton_file);
+  // parsed_json =
+  // json_object_from_file("./gramfuzz/php_gnf_processed_full.json");
+  parsed_json = json_object_from_file(automaton_file);
+
+  // Getting final state
+  source_obj = json_object_object_get(parsed_json, "final_state");
+  printf("\t\nFinal=%s\n", json_object_get_string(source_obj));
+  final_state = atoi(json_object_get_string(source_obj));
+
+  // Getting initial state
+  source_obj = json_object_object_get(parsed_json, "init_state");
+  init_state = atoi(json_object_get_string(source_obj));
+  printf("\tInit=%s\n", json_object_get_string(source_obj));
+
+  // Getting number of states
+  source_obj = json_object_object_get(parsed_json, "numstates");
+  numstates = atoi(json_object_get_string(source_obj)) + 1;
+  printf("\tNumStates=%d\n", numstates);
+
+  // Allocate state space for each pda state
+  pda = (state *)calloc(atoi(json_object_get_string(source_obj)) + 1,
+                        sizeof(state));
+
+  // Getting PDA representation
+  source_obj = json_object_object_get(parsed_json, "pda");
+  enum json_type type;
+  json_object_object_foreach(source_obj, key, val) {
+
+    state *  state_ptr;
+    trigger *trigger_ptr;
+    int      offset;
+
+    // Get the correct offset into the pda to store state information
+    state_ptr = pda;
+    offset = atoi(key);
+    state_ptr += offset;
+    // Store state string
+    state_ptr->state_name = offset;
+
+    // Create trigger array of structs
+    trigger_len = json_object_array_length(val);
+    state_ptr->trigger_len = trigger_len;
+    trigger_ptr = (trigger *)calloc(trigger_len, sizeof(trigger));
+    state_ptr->ptr = trigger_ptr;
+
+    for (ii = 0; ii < trigger_len; ii++) {
+
+      json_object *obj = json_object_array_get_idx(val, ii);
+      // Get all the trigger trigger attributes
+      attr = json_object_array_get_idx(obj, 0);
+      (trigger_ptr)->id = strdup(json_object_get_string(attr));
+
+      attr = json_object_array_get_idx(obj, 1);
+      trigger_ptr->dest = atoi(json_object_get_string(attr));
+
+      attr = json_object_array_get_idx(obj, 2);
+      if (!strcmp("\\n", json_object_get_string(attr))) {
+
+        trigger_ptr->term = strdup("\n");
+
+      } else {
+
+        trigger_ptr->term = strdup(json_object_get_string(attr));
+
+      }
+
+      trigger_ptr->term_len = strlen(trigger_ptr->term);
+      trigger_ptr++;
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  // Delete the JSON object
+  json_object_put(parsed_json);
+
+  return pda;
+
+}
+
+my_mutator_t *afl_custom_init(afl_state_t *afl, unsigned int seed) {
+
+  my_mutator_t *data = calloc(1, sizeof(my_mutator_t));
+  if (!data) {
+
+    perror("afl_custom_init alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  if ((data->mutator_buf = malloc(MAX_FILE)) == NULL) {
+
+    perror("mutator_buf alloc");
+    return NULL;
+
+  }
+
+  data->afl = afl;
+  global_afl = afl;  // dirty
+  data->seed = seed;
+
+  data->mut_alloced = 0;
+  data->orig_alloced = 0;
+  data->mut_idx = 0;
+  data->recurlen = 0;
+
+  // data->mutator_buf = NULL;
+  // data->unparsed_input = NULL;
+  // data->mutated_walk = NULL;
+  // data->orig_walk = NULL;
+  //
+  // data->statemap = NULL;  // Keeps track of the statemap
+  // data->recur_idx = NULL; // Will keep track of recursive feature indices
+  // u32 recur_len = 0;       // The number of recursive features
+  // data->mutator_buf = NULL;
+
+  char *automaton_file = getenv("GRAMATRON_AUTOMATION");
+  if (automaton_file) {
+
+    pda = create_pda(automaton_file);
+
+  } else {
+
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "\nError: GrammaTron needs an automation json file set in "
+            "GRAMATRON_AUTOMATION\n");
+    exit(-1);
+
+  }
+
+  return data;
+
+}
+
+size_t afl_custom_fuzz(my_mutator_t *data, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_size,
+                       u8 **out_buf, uint8_t *add_buf, size_t add_buf_size,
+                       size_t max_size) {
+
+  u8 *unparsed_input;
+
+  // Pick a mutator
+  // int choice = rand() % MUTATORS;
+  // data->mut_idx = 1;
+  // GC old mutant
+  if (data->mut_alloced) {
+
+    free(data->mutated_walk->start);
+    free(data->mutated_walk);
+    data->mut_alloced = 0;
+
+  };
+
+  // printf("\nChoice:%d", choice);
+
+  if (data->mut_idx == 0) {  // Perform random mutation
+    data->mutated_walk = performRandomMutation(pda, data->orig_walk);
+    data->mut_alloced = 1;
+
+  } else if (data->mut_idx == 1 &&
+
+             data->recurlen) {  // Perform recursive mutation
+    data->mutated_walk =
+        doMult(data->orig_walk, data->recurIdx, data->recurlen);
+    data->mut_alloced = 1;
+
+  } else if (data->mut_idx == 2) {  // Perform splice mutation
+
+    // we cannot use the supplied splice data so choose a new random file
+    u32                 tid = rand_below(global_afl, data->afl->queued_items);
+    struct queue_entry *q = data->afl->queue_buf[tid];
+
+    // Read the input representation for the splice candidate
+    u8 *   automaton_fn = alloc_printf("%s.aut", q->fname);
+    Array *spliceCandidate = read_input(pda, automaton_fn);
+
+    if (spliceCandidate) {
+
+      data->mutated_walk =
+          performSpliceOne(data->orig_walk, data->statemap, spliceCandidate);
+      data->mut_alloced = 1;
+      free(spliceCandidate->start);
+      free(spliceCandidate);
+
+    } else {
+
+      data->mutated_walk = gen_input(pda, NULL);
+      data->mut_alloced = 1;
+
+    }
+
+    ck_free(automaton_fn);
+
+  } else {  // Generate an input from scratch
+
+    data->mutated_walk = gen_input(pda, NULL);
+    data->mut_alloced = 1;
+
+  }
+
+  // Cycle to the next mutator
+  if (data->mut_idx == MUTATORS - 1)
+    data->mut_idx =
+        0;  // Wrap around if we have reached end of the mutator list
+  else
+    data->mut_idx += 1;
+
+  // Unparse the mutated automaton walk
+  if (data->unparsed_input) { free(data->unparsed_input); }
+  data->unparsed_input = unparse_walk(data->mutated_walk);
+  *out_buf = data->unparsed_input;
+
+  return data->mutated_walk->inputlen;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create the automaton-based representation for the corresponding input
+ *
+ * @param data pointer returned in afl_custom_init for this fuzz case
+ * @param filename_new_queue File name of the new queue entry
+ * @param filename_orig_queue File name of the original queue entry
+ */
+u8 afl_custom_queue_new_entry(my_mutator_t * data,
+                              const uint8_t *filename_new_queue,
+                              const uint8_t *filename_orig_queue) {
+
+  // get the filename
+  u8 *   automaton_fn, *unparsed_input;
+  Array *new_input;
+  s32    fd;
+
+  automaton_fn = alloc_printf("%s.aut", filename_new_queue);
+  // Check if this method is being called during initialization
+
+  // fprintf(stderr, "new: %s, old: %s, auto: %s\n",
+  // filename_new_queue,filename_orig_queue,automaton_fn);
+
+  if (filename_orig_queue) {
+
+    write_input(data->mutated_walk, automaton_fn);
+
+  } else {
+
+    new_input = gen_input(pda, NULL);
+    write_input(new_input, automaton_fn);
+
+    // Update the placeholder file
+    if (unlink(filename_new_queue)) {
+
+      PFATAL("Unable to delete '%s'", filename_new_queue);
+
+    }
+
+    unparsed_input = unparse_walk(new_input);
+    fd = open(filename_new_queue, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,
+              S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+    if (fd < 0) { PFATAL("Failed to update file '%s'", filename_new_queue); }
+    int written = write(fd, unparsed_input, new_input->inputlen + 1);
+    close(fd);
+
+    free(new_input->start);
+    free(new_input);
+    free(unparsed_input);
+
+  }
+
+  ck_free(automaton_fn);
+
+  return 1;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the corresponding tree representation for the candidate that is to be
+ * mutated
+ *
+ * @param[in] data pointer returned in afl_custom_init for this fuzz case
+ * @param filename File name of the test case in the queue entry
+ * @return Return True(1) if the fuzzer will fuzz the queue entry, and
+ *     False(0) otherwise.
+ */
+uint8_t afl_custom_queue_get(my_mutator_t *data, const uint8_t *filename) {
+
+  // get the filename
+  u8 *        automaton_fn = alloc_printf("%s.aut", filename);
+  IdxMap_new *statemap_ptr;
+  terminal *  term_ptr;
+  int         state;
+
+  // TODO: I don't think we need to update pointers when reading back
+  // Probably build two different versions of read_input one for flushing
+  // inputs to disk and the other that
+  if (data->orig_alloced) {
+
+    free(data->orig_walk->start);
+    free(data->orig_walk);
+    data->orig_alloced = 0;
+
+  }
+
+  if (data->statemap) {
+
+    for (int x = 0; x < numstates; x++) {
+
+      utarray_free(data->statemap[x].nums);
+
+    }
+
+    free(data->statemap);
+
+  }
+
+  if (data->recurIdx) {
+
+    data->recurlen = 0;
+    free(data->recurIdx);
+
+  }
+
+  data->orig_walk = read_input(pda, automaton_fn);
+  data->orig_alloced = 1;
+
+  // Create statemap for the fuzz candidate
+  IdxMap_new *statemap_start =
+      (IdxMap_new *)malloc(sizeof(IdxMap_new) * numstates);
+  for (int x = 0; x < numstates; x++) {
+
+    statemap_ptr = &statemap_start[x];
+    utarray_new(statemap_ptr->nums, &ut_int_icd);
+
+  }
+
+  int offset = 0;
+  while (offset < data->orig_walk->used) {
+
+    term_ptr = &data->orig_walk->start[offset];
+    state = term_ptr->state;
+    statemap_ptr = &statemap_start[state];
+    utarray_push_back(statemap_ptr->nums, &offset);
+    offset += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  data->statemap = statemap_start;
+
+  // Create recursive feature map (if it exists)
+  data->recurIdx = malloc(sizeof(UT_array *) * numstates);
+  // Retrieve the duplicated states
+  offset = 0;
+  while (offset < numstates) {
+
+    statemap_ptr = &data->statemap[offset];
+    int length = utarray_len(statemap_ptr->nums);
+    if (length >= 2) {
+
+      data->recurIdx[data->recurlen] = statemap_ptr->nums;
+      data->recurlen += 1;
+
+    }
+
+    offset += 1;
+
+  }
+
+  // data->getdupesret = get_dupes(data->orig_walk, &data->recurlen);
+
+  ck_free(automaton_fn);
+  return 1;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deinitialize everything
+ *
+ * @param data The data ptr from afl_custom_init
+ */
+
+void afl_custom_deinit(my_mutator_t *data) {
+
+  free(data->mutator_buf);
+  free(data);
+
+}
+

custom_mutators/gramatron/gramfuzz.h

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+#ifndef _GRAMFUZZ_H
+
+#define _GRAMFUZZ_H
+
+#include <json-c/json.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "uthash.h"
+#include "utarray.h"
+
+#define INIT_INPUTS 100  // No. of initial inputs to be generated
+
+// Set this as `numstates` + 1 where `numstates` is retrieved from gen automata
+// json #define STATES 63
+
+#define INIT_SIZE 100  // Initial size of the dynamic array holding the input
+
+#define SPLICE_CORPUS 10000
+#define RECUR_THRESHOLD 6
+#define SIZE_THRESHOLD 2048
+
+#define FLUSH_INTERVAL \
+  3600  // Inputs that gave new coverage will be dumped every FLUSH_INTERVAL
+        // seconds
+
+afl_state_t *global_afl;
+
+typedef struct trigger {
+
+  char * id;
+  int    dest;
+  char * term;
+  size_t term_len;
+
+} trigger;
+
+typedef struct state {
+
+  int      state_name;   // Integer State name
+  int      trigger_len;  // Number of triggers associated with this state
+  trigger *ptr;          // Pointer to beginning of the list of triggers
+
+} state;
+
+typedef struct terminal {
+
+  int    state;
+  int    trigger_idx;
+  size_t symbol_len;
+  char * symbol;
+
+} terminal;
+
+typedef struct buckethash {
+
+  int freq;
+
+} buckethash;
+
+int init_state;
+int curr_state;
+int final_state;
+int numstates;
+
+/*****************
+/ DYNAMIC ARRAY FOR WALKS
+*****************/
+
+typedef struct {
+
+  size_t    used;
+  size_t    size;
+  size_t    inputlen;
+  terminal *start;
+
+} Array;
+
+/*****************
+/ DYNAMIC ARRAY FOR STATEMAPS/RECURSION MAPS
+*****************/
+
+typedef struct {
+
+  int *  array;
+  size_t used;
+  size_t size;
+
+} IdxMap;
+
+typedef struct {
+
+  UT_array *nums;
+
+} IdxMap_new;
+
+typedef struct {
+
+  IdxMap_new *idxmap;
+  UT_array ** recurIdx;
+
+} Get_Dupes_Ret;
+
+/* Candidate Struct */
+typedef struct {
+
+  Array *     walk;
+  IdxMap_new *statemap;
+
+} Candidate;
+
+/* Splice Mutation helpers*/
+typedef struct {
+
+  Candidate *splice_cand;
+  int        idx;
+
+} SpliceCand;
+
+typedef struct {
+
+  SpliceCand *start;
+  size_t      used;
+  size_t      size;
+
+} SpliceCandArray;
+
+// Initialize dynamic array for potential splice points
+SpliceCand potential[SPLICE_CORPUS];
+
+typedef struct {
+
+  int orig_idx;
+  int splice_idx;
+
+} intpair_t;
+
+// Initialize dynamic array for potential splice points
+// SpliceCand potential[SPLICE_CORPUS];
+// IdxMap_new* rcuridx[STATES];
+
+/* Prototypes*/
+Array *    slice(Array *, int);
+state *    create_pda(u8 *);
+Array *    gen_input(state *, Array *);
+Array *    gen_input_count(state *, Array *, int *);
+int        updatebucket(map_t, int);
+void       itoa(int, char *, int);
+void       strrreverse(char *, char *);
+void       dbg_hashmap(map_t);
+void       print_repr(Array *, char *);
+int        isSatisfied(map_t);
+char *     get_state(char *);
+Candidate *gen_candidate(Array *);
+
+Array *spliceGF(Array *, Array *, int);
+Array *performSpliceOne(Array *, IdxMap_new *, Array *);
+/* Mutation Methods*/
+Array *    performRandomMutation(state *, Array *);
+Array *    performRandomMutationCount(state *, Array *, int *);
+Array *    performSpliceMutationBench(state *, Array *, Candidate **);
+UT_array **get_dupes(Array *, int *);
+Array *    doMult(Array *, UT_array **, int);
+Array *    doMultBench(Array *, UT_array **, int);
+
+/* Benchmarks*/
+void SpaceBenchmark(char *);
+void GenInputBenchmark(char *, char *);
+void RandomMutationBenchmark(char *, char *);
+void MutationAggrBenchmark(char *, char *);
+void SpliceMutationBenchmark(char *, char *);
+void SpliceMutationBenchmarkOne(char *, char *);
+void RandomRecursiveBenchmark(char *, char *);
+
+/* Testers */
+void SanityCheck(char *);
+
+/*Helpers*/
+void   initArray(Array *, size_t);
+void   insertArray(Array *, int, char *, size_t, int);
+void   freeArray(Array *);
+void   initArrayIdx(IdxMap *, size_t);
+void   insertArrayIdx(IdxMap *, int);
+void   freeArrayIdx(IdxMap *);
+void   initArraySplice(SpliceCandArray *, size_t);
+void   insertArraySplice(SpliceCandArray *, Candidate *, int);
+void   freeArraySplice(IdxMap *);
+void   getTwoIndices(UT_array *, int, int *, int *);
+void   swap(int *, int *);
+Array *slice_inverse(Array *, int);
+void   concatPrefixFeature(Array *, Array *);
+void   concatPrefixFeatureBench(Array *, Array *);
+Array *carve(Array *, int, int);
+int    fact(int);
+
+void                add_to_corpus(struct json_object *, Array *);
+struct json_object *term_to_json(terminal *);
+
+/* Gramatron specific prototypes */
+u8 *   unparse_walk(Array *);
+Array *performSpliceGF(state *, Array *, afl_state_t *);
+void   dump_input(u8 *, char *, int *);
+void   write_input(Array *, u8 *);
+Array *read_input(state *, u8 *);
+state *pda;
+
+// // AFL-specific struct
+// typedef uint8_t  u8;
+// typedef uint16_t u16;
+// typedef uint32_t u32;
+// #ifdef __x86_64__
+// typedef unsigned long long u64;
+// #else
+// typedef uint64_t u64;
+// #endif                                                    /* ^__x86_64__ */
+//
+// struct queue_entry {
+
+//   Array* walk;                           /* Pointer to the automaton walk*/
+//   u32 walk_len;                          /* Number of tokens in the input*/
+//   Candidate* cand;                     /* Preprocessed info about the
+//   candidate to allow for faster mutations*/
+//
+//   u8* fname;                          /* File name for the test case      */
+//   u32 len;                            /* Input length                     */
+//   UT_array** recur_idx;               /* Keeps track of recursive feature
+//   indices*/
+//
+//   u32 recur_len;                      /* The number of recursive features*/
+//
+//   u8  cal_failed,                     /* Calibration failed?              */
+//       trim_done,                      /* Trimmed?                         */
+//       was_fuzzed,                     /* Had any fuzzing done yet?        */
+//       passed_det,                     /* Deterministic stages passed?     */
+//       has_new_cov,                    /* Triggers new coverage?           */
+//       var_behavior,                   /* Variable behavior?               */
+//       favored,                        /* Currently favored?               */
+//       fs_redundant;                   /* Marked as redundant in the fs?   */
+//
+//   u32 bitmap_size,                    /* Number of bits set in bitmap     */
+//       exec_cksum;                     /* Checksum of the execution trace  */
+//
+//   u64 exec_us,                        /* Execution time (us)              */
+//       handicap,                       /* Number of queue cycles behind    */
+//       depth;                          /* Path depth                       */
+//
+//   u8* trace_mini;                     /* Trace bytes, if kept             */
+//   u32 tc_ref;                         /* Trace bytes ref count            */
+//
+//   struct queue_entry *next,           /* Next element, if any             */
+//                      *next_100;       /* 100 elements ahead               */
+//
+// };
+
+#endif
+

custom_mutators/gramatron/grammars/js/source.json

@@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
+{
+    "ARGLIST": [
+        "EXPR ',' ARGLIST",
+        "EXPR",
+        "EXPR ',' ARGLIST",
+        "EXPR"
+    ],
+    "ARGS": [
+        "'()'",
+        "'(' ARGLIST ')'",
+        "'()'",
+        "'(' ARGLIST ')'"
+    ],
+    "ARITHMETICOPERATION": [
+        "EXPR '/' EXPR",
+        "EXPR '*' EXPR",
+        "EXPR '+' EXPR",
+        "EXPR '-' EXPR",
+        "EXPR '%' EXPR",
+        "EXPR '**' EXPR",
+        "EXPR '++'"
+    ],
+    "ARRAY": [
+        "'[' ARRAYCONTENT ']'",
+        "'[]'"
+    ],
+    "ARRAYCONTENT": [
+        "EXPR ',' ARRAYCONTENT",
+        "EXPR"
+    ],
+    "BOOLEAN": [
+        "'true'",
+        "'false'"
+    ],
+    "BYTEWISEOPERATION": [
+        "EXPR '&' EXPR",
+        "EXPR '|' EXPR"
+    ],
+    "COMPARISONOPERATION": [
+        "EXPR '<' EXPR"
+    ],
+    "DECIMALDIGITS": [
+        "'20'",
+        "'1234'",
+        "'66'",
+        "'234_9'",
+        "'99999999999999999999'"
+    ],
+    "DECIMALNUMBER": [
+        "DECIMALDIGITS"
+    ],
+    "EXPR": [
+        "'(' EXPR ')'",
+        "VAR",
+        "'delete' SP EXPR",
+        "'new' SP IDENTIFIER ARGS",
+        "LITERAL",
+        "IDENTIFIER",
+        "METHODCALL",
+        "'(' ARITHMETICOPERATION ')'",
+        "'(' COMPARISONOPERATION ')'",
+        "'(' BYTEWISEOPERATION ')'",
+        "'(' LOGICALOPERATION ')'"
+    ],
+    "IDENTIFIER": [
+        "'Object'",
+        "VAR",
+        "'Function'",
+        "'main'",
+        "'opt'",
+        "'Boolean'",
+        "'Symbol'",
+        "'JSON'",
+        "'Error'",
+        "'EvalError'",
+        "'RangeError'",
+        "'ReferenceError'",
+        "'SyntaxError'",
+        "'TypeError'",
+        "'URIError'",
+        "'this'",
+        "'Number'",
+        "'Math'",
+        "'Date'",
+        "'String'",
+        "'RegExp'",
+        "'Array'",
+        "'Int8Array'",
+        "'Uint8Array'",
+        "'Uint8ClampedArray'",
+        "'Int16Array'",
+        "'Uint16Array'",
+        "'Int32Array'",
+        "'Uint32Array'",
+        "'Float32Array'",
+        "'Float64Array'",
+        "'DataView'",
+        "'ArrayBuffer'",
+        "'Map'",
+        "'Set'",
+        "'WeakMap'",
+        "'WeakSet'",
+        "'Promise'",
+        "'AsyncFunction'",
+        "'asyncGenerator'",
+        "'Reflect'",
+        "'Proxy'",
+        "'Intl'",
+        "'Intl.Collator'",
+        "'Intl.DateTimeFormat'",
+        "'Intl.NumberFormat'",
+        "'Intl.PluralRules'",
+        "'WebAssembly'",
+        "'WebAssembly.Module'",
+        "'WebAssembly.Instance'",
+        "'WebAssembly.Memory'",
+        "'WebAssembly.Table'",
+        "'WebAssembly.CompileError'",
+        "'WebAssembly.LinkError'",
+        "'WebAssembly.RuntimeError'",
+        "'arguments'",
+        "'Infinity'",
+        "'NaN'",
+        "'undefined'",
+        "'null'",
+        "'console'",
+        "' '"
+    ],
+    "IDENTIFIERLIST": [
+        "IDENTIFIER ',' IDENTIFIERLIST",
+        "'(' IDENTIFIERLIST '),' IDENTIFIERLIST",
+        "IDENTIFIER"
+    ],
+    "JSBLOCK": [
+        "JSSTATEMENT",
+        "JSSTATEMENT JSBLOCK"
+    ],
+    "JSSTATEMENT": [
+        "STATEMENT NEWLINE"
+    ],
+    "LITERAL": [
+        "'null'",
+        "BOOLEAN",
+        "NUMBER",
+        "ARRAY"
+    ],
+    "LOGICALOPERATION": [
+        "EXPR '&&' EXPR",
+        "EXPR '||' EXPR"
+    ],
+    "METHODCALL": [
+        "OBJECT PROPERTY METHODCALL1"
+    ],
+    "METHODCALL1": [
+        "'.' METHOD_NAME ARGS METHODCALL1",
+        "' '"
+    ],
+    "METHOD_NAME": [
+        "IDENTIFIER",
+        "'print'",
+        "'eval'",
+        "'uneval'",
+        "'isFinite'",
+        "'isNaN'",
+        "'parseFloat'",
+        "'parseInt'",
+        "'decodeURI'",
+        "'decodeURIComponent'",
+        "'encodeURI'",
+        "'encodeURIComponent'",
+        "'escape'",
+        "'unescape'",
+        "'assign'",
+        "'create'",
+        "'defineProperty'",
+        "'defineProperties'",
+        "'entries'",
+        "'freeze'",
+        "'getOwnPropertyDescriptor'",
+        "'getOwnPropertyDescriptors'",
+        "'getOwnPropertyNames'",
+        "'getOwnPropertySymbols'",
+        "'getPrototypeOf'",
+        "'is'",
+        "'isExtensible'",
+        "'isFrozen'",
+        "'isSealed'",
+        "'keys'",
+        "'preventExtensions'",
+        "'seal'",
+        "'setPrototypeOf'",
+        "'values'",
+        "'__defineGetter__'",
+        "'__defineSetter__'",
+        "'__lookupGetter__'",
+        "'__lookupSetter__'",
+        "'hasOwnProperty'",
+        "'isPrototypeOf'",
+        "'propertyIsEnumerable'",
+        "'toSource'",
+        "'toLocaleString'",
+        "'toString'",
+        "'unwatch'",
+        "'valueOf'",
+        "'watch'",
+        "'apply'",
+        "'bind'",
+        "'call'",
+        "'isGenerator'",
+        "'valueOf'",
+        "'for'",
+        "'keyFor'",
+        "'stringify'",
+        "'isInteger'",
+        "'isSafeInteger'",
+        "'toInteger'",
+        "'toExponential'",
+        "'toFixed'",
+        "'toLocaleString'",
+        "'toPrecision'",
+        "'abs'",
+        "'acos'",
+        "'acosh'",
+        "'asin'",
+        "'asinh'",
+        "'atan'",
+        "'atanh'",
+        "'atan2'",
+        "'cbrt'",
+        "'ceil'",
+        "'clz32'",
+        "'cos'",
+        "'cosh'",
+        "'exp'",
+        "'expm1'",
+        "'floor'",
+        "'fround'",
+        "'hypot'",
+        "'imul'",
+        "'log'",
+        "'log1p'",
+        "'log10'",
+        "'log2'",
+        "'max'",
+        "'min'",
+        "'pow'",
+        "'random'",
+        "'round'",
+        "'sign'",
+        "'sin'",
+        "'sinh'",
+        "'sqrt'",
+        "'tan'",
+        "'tanh'",
+        "'trunc'",
+        "'now'",
+        "'parse'",
+        "'UTC'",
+        "'getDate'",
+        "'getDay'",
+        "'getFullYear'",
+        "'getHours'",
+        "'getMilliseconds'",
+        "'getMinutes'",
+        "'getMonth'",
+        "'getSeconds'",
+        "'getTime'",
+        "'getTimezoneOffset'",
+        "'getUTCDate'",
+        "'getUTCDay'",
+        "'getUTCFullYear'",
+        "'getUTCHours'",
+        "'getUTCMilliseconds'",
+        "'getUTCMinutes'",
+        "'getUTCMonth'",
+        "'getUTCSeconds'",
+        "'getYear'",
+        "'setDate'",
+        "'setFullYear'",
+        "'setHours'",
+        "'setMilliseconds'",
+        "'setMinutes'",
+        "'setMonth'",
+        "'setSeconds'",
+        "'setTime'",
+        "'setUTCDate'",
+        "'setUTCFullYear'",
+        "'setUTCHours'",
+        "'setUTCMilliseconds'",
+        "'setUTCMinutes'",
+        "'setUTCMonth'",
+        "'setUTCSeconds'",
+        "'setYear'",
+        "'toDateString'",
+        "'toISOString'",
+        "'toJSON'",
+        "'toGMTString'",
+        "'toLocaleDateString'",
+        "'toLocaleFormat'",
+        "'toLocaleString'",
+        "'toLocaleTimeString'",
+        "'toTimeString'",
+        "'toUTCString'",
+        "'indexOf'",
+        "'substring'",
+        "'charAt'",
+        "'strcmp'",
+        "'fromCharCode'",
+        "'fromCodePoint'",
+        "'raw'",
+        "'charCodeAt'",
+        "'slice'",
+        "'codePointAt'",
+        "'concat'",
+        "'includes'",
+        "'endsWith'",
+        "'lastIndexOf'",
+        "'localeCompare'",
+        "'match'",
+        "'normalize'",
+        "'padEnd'",
+        "'padStart'",
+        "'quote'",
+        "'repeat'",
+        "'replace'",
+        "'search'",
+        "'split'",
+        "'startsWith'",
+        "'substr'",
+        "'toLocaleLowerCase'",
+        "'toLocaleUpperCase'",
+        "'toLowerCase'",
+        "'toUpperCase'",
+        "'trim'",
+        "'trimleft'",
+        "'trimright'",
+        "'anchor'",
+        "'big'",
+        "'blink'",
+        "'bold'",
+        "'fixed'",
+        "'fontcolor'",
+        "'fontsize'",
+        "'italics'",
+        "'link'",
+        "'small'",
+        "'strike'",
+        "'sub'",
+        "'sup'",
+        "'compile'",
+        "'exec'",
+        "'test'",
+        "'from'",
+        "'isArray'",
+        "'of'",
+        "'copyWithin'",
+        "'fill'",
+        "'pop'",
+        "'push'",
+        "'reverse'",
+        "'shift'",
+        "'sort'",
+        "'splice'",
+        "'unshift'",
+        "'concat'",
+        "'join'",
+        "'every'",
+        "'filter'",
+        "'findIndex'",
+        "'forEach'",
+        "'map'",
+        "'reduce'",
+        "'reduceRight'",
+        "'some'",
+        "'move'",
+        "'getInt8'",
+        "'getUint8'",
+        "'getInt16'",
+        "'getUint16'",
+        "'getInt32'",
+        "'getUint32'",
+        "'getFloat32'",
+        "'getFloat64'",
+        "'setInt8'",
+        "'setUint8'",
+        "'setInt16'",
+        "'setUint16'",
+        "'setInt32'",
+        "'setUint32'",
+        "'setFloat32'",
+        "'setFloat64'",
+        "'isView'",
+        "'transfer'",
+        "'clear'",
+        "'get'",
+        "'has'",
+        "'set'",
+        "'add'",
+        "'splat'",
+        "'check'",
+        "'extractLane'",
+        "'replaceLane'",
+        "'load'",
+        "'load1'",
+        "'load2'",
+        "'load3'",
+        "'store'",
+        "'store1'",
+        "'store2'",
+        "'store3'",
+        "'addSaturate'",
+        "'div'",
+        "'mul'",
+        "'neg'",
+        "'reciprocalApproximation'",
+        "'reciprocalSqrtApproximation'",
+        "'subSaturate'",
+        "'shuffle'",
+        "'swizzle'",
+        "'maxNum'",
+        "'minNum'",
+        "'select'",
+        "'equal'",
+        "'notEqual'",
+        "'lessThan'",
+        "'lessThanOrEqual'",
+        "'greaterThan'",
+        "'greaterThanOrEqual'",
+        "'and'",
+        "'or'",
+        "'xor'",
+        "'not'",
+        "'shiftLeftByScalar'",
+        "'shiftRightByScalar'",
+        "'allTrue'",
+        "'anyTrue'",
+        "'fromFloat32x4'",
+        "'fromFloat32x4Bits'",
+        "'fromFloat64x2Bits'",
+        "'fromInt32x4'",
+        "'fromInt32x4Bits'",
+        "'fromInt16x8Bits'",
+        "'fromInt8x16Bits'",
+        "'fromUint32x4'",
+        "'fromUint32x4Bits'",
+        "'fromUint16x8Bits'",
+        "'fromUint8x16Bits'",
+        "'neg'",
+        "'compareExchange'",
+        "'exchange'",
+        "'wait'",
+        "'wake'",
+        "'isLockFree'",
+        "'all'",
+        "'race'",
+        "'reject'",
+        "'resolve'",
+        "'catch'",
+        "'then'",
+        "'finally'",
+        "'next'",
+        "'throw'",
+        "'close'",
+        "'send'",
+        "'apply'",
+        "'construct'",
+        "'deleteProperty'",
+        "'ownKeys'",
+        "'getCanonicalLocales'",
+        "'supportedLocalesOf'",
+        "'resolvedOptions'",
+        "'formatToParts'",
+        "'resolvedOptions'",
+        "'instantiate'",
+        "'instantiateStreaming'",
+        "'compileStreaming'",
+        "'validate'",
+        "'customSections'",
+        "'exports'",
+        "'imports'",
+        "'grow'",
+        "'super'",
+        "'in'",
+        "'instanceof'",
+        "' '"
+    ],
+    "NEWLINE": [
+        "'\\n'"
+    ],
+    "NUMBER": [
+        "'1/2'",
+        "'1E2'",
+        "'1E02'",
+        "'1E+02'",
+        "'-1'",
+        "'-1.00'",
+        "'-1/2'",
+        "'-1E2'",
+        "'-1E02'",
+        "'-1E+02'",
+        "'1/0'",
+        "'0/0'",
+        "'-2147483648/-1'",
+        "'-9223372036854775808/-1'",
+        "'-0'",
+        "'-0.0'",
+        "'+0'"
+    ],
+    "OBJECT": [
+        "IDENTIFIER"
+    ],
+    "PROGRAM": [
+        "JSBLOCK"
+    ],
+    "PROPERTY": [
+        "'.length' PROPERTY",
+        "'.prototype' PROPERTY",
+        "'.constructor' PROPERTY",
+        "'.__proto__' PROPERTY",
+        "'.__noSuchMethod__' PROPERTY",
+        "'.__count__' PROPERTY",
+        "'.__parent__' PROPERTY",
+        "'.arguments' PROPERTY",
+        "'.arity' PROPERTY",
+        "'.caller' PROPERTY",
+        "'.name' PROPERTY",
+        "'.displayName' PROPERTY",
+        "'.iterator' PROPERTY",
+        "'.asyncIterator' PROPERTY",
+        "'.match' PROPERTY",
+        "'.replace' PROPERTY",
+        "'.search' PROPERTY",
+        "'.split' PROPERTY",
+        "'.hasInstance' PROPERTY",
+        "'.isConcatSpreadable' PROPERTY",
+        "'.unscopables' PROPERTY",
+        "'.species' PROPERTY",
+        "'.toPrimitive' PROPERTY",
+        "'.toStringTag' PROPERTY",
+        "'.fileName' PROPERTY",
+        "'.lineNumber' PROPERTY",
+        "'.columnNumber' PROPERTY",
+        "'.message' PROPERTY",
+        "'.name' PROPERTY",
+        "'.EPSILON' PROPERTY",
+        "'.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER' PROPERTY",
+        "'.MAX_VALUE' PROPERTY",
+        "'.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER' PROPERTY",
+        "'.MIN_VALUE' PROPERTY",
+        "'.NaN' PROPERTY",
+        "'.NEGATIVE_INFINITY' PROPERTY",
+        "'.POSITIVE_INFINITY' PROPERTY",
+        "'.E' PROPERTY",
+        "'.LN2' PROPERTY",
+        "'.LN10' PROPERTY",
+        "'.LOG2E' PROPERTY",
+        "'.LOG10E' PROPERTY",
+        "'.PI' PROPERTY",
+        "'.SQRT1_2' PROPERTY",
+        "'.SQRT2' PROPERTY",
+        "'.flags' PROPERTY",
+        "'.global' PROPERTY",
+        "'.ignoreCase' PROPERTY",
+        "'.multiline' PROPERTY",
+        "'.source' PROPERTY",
+        "'.sticky' PROPERTY",
+        "'.unicode' PROPERTY",
+        "'.buffer' PROPERTY",
+        "'.byteLength' PROPERTY",
+        "'.byteOffset' PROPERTY",
+        "'.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT' PROPERTY",
+        "'.compare' PROPERTY",
+        "'.format' PROPERTY",
+        "'.callee' PROPERTY",
+        "'.caller' PROPERTY",
+        "'.memory' PROPERTY",
+        "'.exports' PROPERTY",
+        "' '"
+    ],
+    "SP": [
+        "' '"
+    ],
+    "STATEMENT": [
+        "EXPR ';'",
+        "'var' SP VAR '=' EXPR ';'",
+        "'let' SP VAR '=' EXPR ';'",
+        "VAR '=' EXPR ';'",
+        "VAR PROPERTY '=' EXPR ';'",
+        "VAR '[' DECIMALNUMBER ']' '=' EXPR ';'",
+        "'const' SP VAR '=' EXPR ';'",
+        "'typeof' SP EXPR ';'",
+        "'void' SP EXPR ';'",
+        "'return' SP EXPR ';'",
+        "VAR ':'"
+    ],
+    "VAR": [
+        "'a'",
+        "'b'",
+        "'c'",
+        "'d'",
+        "'e'",
+        "'f'",
+        "'g'",
+        "'h'"
+    ]
+}

custom_mutators/gramatron/hashmap.c

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+/*
+ * Generic map implementation.
+ */
+#include "hashmap.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define INITIAL_SIZE (256)
+#define MAX_CHAIN_LENGTH (8)
+
+/* We need to keep keys and values */
+typedef struct _hashmap_element {
+
+  char *key;
+  int   in_use;
+  any_t data;
+
+} hashmap_element;
+
+/* A hashmap has some maximum size and current size,
+ * as well as the data to hold. */
+typedef struct _hashmap_map {
+
+  int              table_size;
+  int              size;
+  hashmap_element *data;
+
+} hashmap_map;
+
+/*
+ * Return an empty hashmap, or NULL on failure.
+ */
+map_t hashmap_new() {
+
+  hashmap_map *m = (hashmap_map *)malloc(sizeof(hashmap_map));
+  if (!m) goto err;
+
+  m->data = (hashmap_element *)calloc(INITIAL_SIZE, sizeof(hashmap_element));
+  if (!m->data) goto err;
+
+  m->table_size = INITIAL_SIZE;
+  m->size = 0;
+
+  return m;
+err:
+  if (m) hashmap_free(m);
+  return NULL;
+
+}
+
+/* The implementation here was originally done by Gary S. Brown.  I have
+   borrowed the tables directly, and made some minor changes to the
+   crc32-function (including changing the interface). //ylo */
+
+/* ============================================================= */
+/*  COPYRIGHT (C) 1986 Gary S. Brown.  You may use this program, or       */
+/*  code or tables extracted from it, as desired without restriction.     */
+/*                                                                        */
+/*  First, the polynomial itself and its table of feedback terms.  The    */
+/*  polynomial is                                                         */
+/*  X^32+X^26+X^23+X^22+X^16+X^12+X^11+X^10+X^8+X^7+X^5+X^4+X^2+X^1+X^0   */
+/*                                                                        */
+/*  Note that we take it "backwards" and put the highest-order term in    */
+/*  the lowest-order bit.  The X^32 term is "implied"; the LSB is the     */
+/*  X^31 term, etc.  The X^0 term (usually shown as "+1") results in      */
+/*  the MSB being 1.                                                      */
+/*                                                                        */
+/*  Note that the usual hardware shift register implementation, which     */
+/*  is what we're using (we're merely optimizing it by doing eight-bit    */
+/*  chunks at a time) shifts bits into the lowest-order term.  In our     */
+/*  implementation, that means shifting towards the right.  Why do we     */
+/*  do it this way?  Because the calculated CRC must be transmitted in    */
+/*  order from highest-order term to lowest-order term.  UARTs transmit   */
+/*  characters in order from LSB to MSB.  By storing the CRC this way,    */
+/*  we hand it to the UART in the order low-byte to high-byte; the UART   */
+/*  sends each low-bit to hight-bit; and the result is transmission bit   */
+/*  by bit from highest- to lowest-order term without requiring any bit   */
+/*  shuffling on our part.  Reception works similarly.                    */
+/*                                                                        */
+/*  The feedback terms table consists of 256, 32-bit entries.  Notes:     */
+/*                                                                        */
+/*      The table can be generated at runtime if desired; code to do so   */
+/*      is shown later.  It might not be obvious, but the feedback        */
+/*      terms simply represent the results of eight shift/xor opera-      */
+/*      tions for all combinations of data and CRC register values.       */
+/*                                                                        */
+/*      The values must be right-shifted by eight bits by the "updcrc"    */
+/*      logic; the shift must be unsigned (bring in zeroes).  On some     */
+/*      hardware you could probably optimize the shift in assembler by    */
+/*      using byte-swap instructions.                                     */
+/*      polynomial $edb88320                                              */
+/*                                                                        */
+/*  --------------------------------------------------------------------  */
+
+static unsigned long crc32_tab[] = {
+
+    0x00000000L, 0x77073096L, 0xee0e612cL, 0x990951baL, 0x076dc419L,
+    0x706af48fL, 0xe963a535L, 0x9e6495a3L, 0x0edb8832L, 0x79dcb8a4L,
+    0xe0d5e91eL, 0x97d2d988L, 0x09b64c2bL, 0x7eb17cbdL, 0xe7b82d07L,
+    0x90bf1d91L, 0x1db71064L, 0x6ab020f2L, 0xf3b97148L, 0x84be41deL,
+    0x1adad47dL, 0x6ddde4ebL, 0xf4d4b551L, 0x83d385c7L, 0x136c9856L,
+    0x646ba8c0L, 0xfd62f97aL, 0x8a65c9ecL, 0x14015c4fL, 0x63066cd9L,
+    0xfa0f3d63L, 0x8d080df5L, 0x3b6e20c8L, 0x4c69105eL, 0xd56041e4L,
+    0xa2677172L, 0x3c03e4d1L, 0x4b04d447L, 0xd20d85fdL, 0xa50ab56bL,
+    0x35b5a8faL, 0x42b2986cL, 0xdbbbc9d6L, 0xacbcf940L, 0x32d86ce3L,
+    0x45df5c75L, 0xdcd60dcfL, 0xabd13d59L, 0x26d930acL, 0x51de003aL,
+    0xc8d75180L, 0xbfd06116L, 0x21b4f4b5L, 0x56b3c423L, 0xcfba9599L,
+    0xb8bda50fL, 0x2802b89eL, 0x5f058808L, 0xc60cd9b2L, 0xb10be924L,
+    0x2f6f7c87L, 0x58684c11L, 0xc1611dabL, 0xb6662d3dL, 0x76dc4190L,
+    0x01db7106L, 0x98d220bcL, 0xefd5102aL, 0x71b18589L, 0x06b6b51fL,
+    0x9fbfe4a5L, 0xe8b8d433L, 0x7807c9a2L, 0x0f00f934L, 0x9609a88eL,
+    0xe10e9818L, 0x7f6a0dbbL, 0x086d3d2dL, 0x91646c97L, 0xe6635c01L,
+    0x6b6b51f4L, 0x1c6c6162L, 0x856530d8L, 0xf262004eL, 0x6c0695edL,
+    0x1b01a57bL, 0x8208f4c1L, 0xf50fc457L, 0x65b0d9c6L, 0x12b7e950L,
+    0x8bbeb8eaL, 0xfcb9887cL, 0x62dd1ddfL, 0x15da2d49L, 0x8cd37cf3L,
+    0xfbd44c65L, 0x4db26158L, 0x3ab551ceL, 0xa3bc0074L, 0xd4bb30e2L,
+    0x4adfa541L, 0x3dd895d7L, 0xa4d1c46dL, 0xd3d6f4fbL, 0x4369e96aL,
+    0x346ed9fcL, 0xad678846L, 0xda60b8d0L, 0x44042d73L, 0x33031de5L,
+    0xaa0a4c5fL, 0xdd0d7cc9L, 0x5005713cL, 0x270241aaL, 0xbe0b1010L,
+    0xc90c2086L, 0x5768b525L, 0x206f85b3L, 0xb966d409L, 0xce61e49fL,
+    0x5edef90eL, 0x29d9c998L, 0xb0d09822L, 0xc7d7a8b4L, 0x59b33d17L,
+    0x2eb40d81L, 0xb7bd5c3bL, 0xc0ba6cadL, 0xedb88320L, 0x9abfb3b6L,
+    0x03b6e20cL, 0x74b1d29aL, 0xead54739L, 0x9dd277afL, 0x04db2615L,
+    0x73dc1683L, 0xe3630b12L, 0x94643b84L, 0x0d6d6a3eL, 0x7a6a5aa8L,
+    0xe40ecf0bL, 0x9309ff9dL, 0x0a00ae27L, 0x7d079eb1L, 0xf00f9344L,
+    0x8708a3d2L, 0x1e01f268L, 0x6906c2feL, 0xf762575dL, 0x806567cbL,
+    0x196c3671L, 0x6e6b06e7L, 0xfed41b76L, 0x89d32be0L, 0x10da7a5aL,
+    0x67dd4accL, 0xf9b9df6fL, 0x8ebeeff9L, 0x17b7be43L, 0x60b08ed5L,
+    0xd6d6a3e8L, 0xa1d1937eL, 0x38d8c2c4L, 0x4fdff252L, 0xd1bb67f1L,
+    0xa6bc5767L, 0x3fb506ddL, 0x48b2364bL, 0xd80d2bdaL, 0xaf0a1b4cL,
+    0x36034af6L, 0x41047a60L, 0xdf60efc3L, 0xa867df55L, 0x316e8eefL,
+    0x4669be79L, 0xcb61b38cL, 0xbc66831aL, 0x256fd2a0L, 0x5268e236L,
+    0xcc0c7795L, 0xbb0b4703L, 0x220216b9L, 0x5505262fL, 0xc5ba3bbeL,
+    0xb2bd0b28L, 0x2bb45a92L, 0x5cb36a04L, 0xc2d7ffa7L, 0xb5d0cf31L,
+    0x2cd99e8bL, 0x5bdeae1dL, 0x9b64c2b0L, 0xec63f226L, 0x756aa39cL,
+    0x026d930aL, 0x9c0906a9L, 0xeb0e363fL, 0x72076785L, 0x05005713L,
+    0x95bf4a82L, 0xe2b87a14L, 0x7bb12baeL, 0x0cb61b38L, 0x92d28e9bL,
+    0xe5d5be0dL, 0x7cdcefb7L, 0x0bdbdf21L, 0x86d3d2d4L, 0xf1d4e242L,
+    0x68ddb3f8L, 0x1fda836eL, 0x81be16cdL, 0xf6b9265bL, 0x6fb077e1L,
+    0x18b74777L, 0x88085ae6L, 0xff0f6a70L, 0x66063bcaL, 0x11010b5cL,
+    0x8f659effL, 0xf862ae69L, 0x616bffd3L, 0x166ccf45L, 0xa00ae278L,
+    0xd70dd2eeL, 0x4e048354L, 0x3903b3c2L, 0xa7672661L, 0xd06016f7L,
+    0x4969474dL, 0x3e6e77dbL, 0xaed16a4aL, 0xd9d65adcL, 0x40df0b66L,
+    0x37d83bf0L, 0xa9bcae53L, 0xdebb9ec5L, 0x47b2cf7fL, 0x30b5ffe9L,
+    0xbdbdf21cL, 0xcabac28aL, 0x53b39330L, 0x24b4a3a6L, 0xbad03605L,
+    0xcdd70693L, 0x54de5729L, 0x23d967bfL, 0xb3667a2eL, 0xc4614ab8L,
+    0x5d681b02L, 0x2a6f2b94L, 0xb40bbe37L, 0xc30c8ea1L, 0x5a05df1bL,
+    0x2d02ef8dL};
+
+/* Return a 32-bit CRC of the contents of the buffer. */
+
+unsigned long crc32(const unsigned char *s, unsigned int len) {
+
+  unsigned int  i;
+  unsigned long crc32val;
+
+  crc32val = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+
+    crc32val = crc32_tab[(crc32val ^ s[i]) & 0xff] ^ (crc32val >> 8);
+
+  }
+
+  return crc32val;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Hashing function for a string
+ */
+unsigned int hashmap_hash_int(hashmap_map *m, char *keystring) {
+
+  unsigned long key = crc32((unsigned char *)(keystring), strlen(keystring));
+
+  /* Robert Jenkins' 32 bit Mix Function */
+  key += (key << 12);
+  key ^= (key >> 22);
+  key += (key << 4);
+  key ^= (key >> 9);
+  key += (key << 10);
+  key ^= (key >> 2);
+  key += (key << 7);
+  key ^= (key >> 12);
+
+  /* Knuth's Multiplicative Method */
+  key = (key >> 3) * 2654435761;
+
+  return key % m->table_size;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the integer of the location in data
+ * to store the point to the item, or MAP_FULL.
+ */
+int hashmap_hash(map_t in, char *key) {
+
+  int curr;
+  int i;
+
+  /* Cast the hashmap */
+  hashmap_map *m = (hashmap_map *)in;
+
+  /* If full, return immediately */
+  if (m->size >= (m->table_size / 2)) return MAP_FULL;
+
+  /* Find the best index */
+  curr = hashmap_hash_int(m, key);
+
+  /* Linear probing */
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_CHAIN_LENGTH; i++) {
+
+    if (m->data[curr].in_use == 0) return curr;
+
+    if (m->data[curr].in_use == 1 && (strcmp(m->data[curr].key, key) == 0))
+      return curr;
+
+    curr = (curr + 1) % m->table_size;
+
+  }
+
+  return MAP_FULL;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Doubles the size of the hashmap, and rehashes all the elements
+ */
+int hashmap_rehash(map_t in) {
+
+  int              i;
+  int              old_size;
+  hashmap_element *curr;
+
+  /* Setup the new elements */
+  hashmap_map *    m = (hashmap_map *)in;
+  hashmap_element *temp =
+      (hashmap_element *)calloc(2 * m->table_size, sizeof(hashmap_element));
+  if (!temp) return MAP_OMEM;
+
+  /* Update the array */
+  curr = m->data;
+  m->data = temp;
+
+  /* Update the size */
+  old_size = m->table_size;
+  m->table_size = 2 * m->table_size;
+  m->size = 0;
+
+  /* Rehash the elements */
+  for (i = 0; i < old_size; i++) {
+
+    int status;
+
+    if (curr[i].in_use == 0) continue;
+
+    status = hashmap_put(m, curr[i].key, curr[i].data);
+    if (status != MAP_OK) return status;
+
+  }
+
+  free(curr);
+
+  return MAP_OK;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a pointer to the hashmap with some key
+ */
+int hashmap_put(map_t in, char *key, any_t value) {
+
+  int          index;
+  hashmap_map *m;
+
+  /* Cast the hashmap */
+  m = (hashmap_map *)in;
+
+  /* Find a place to put our value */
+  index = hashmap_hash(in, key);
+  while (index == MAP_FULL) {
+
+    if (hashmap_rehash(in) == MAP_OMEM) { return MAP_OMEM; }
+    index = hashmap_hash(in, key);
+
+  }
+
+  /* Set the data */
+  m->data[index].data = value;
+  m->data[index].key = key;
+  m->data[index].in_use = 1;
+  m->size++;
+
+  return MAP_OK;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get your pointer out of the hashmap with a key
+ */
+int hashmap_get(map_t in, char *key, any_t *arg) {
+
+  int          curr;
+  int          i;
+  hashmap_map *m;
+
+  /* Cast the hashmap */
+  m = (hashmap_map *)in;
+
+  /* Find data location */
+  curr = hashmap_hash_int(m, key);
+
+  /* Linear probing, if necessary */
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_CHAIN_LENGTH; i++) {
+
+    int in_use = m->data[curr].in_use;
+    if (in_use == 1) {
+
+      if (strcmp(m->data[curr].key, key) == 0) {
+
+        *arg = (m->data[curr].data);
+        return MAP_OK;
+
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    curr = (curr + 1) % m->table_size;
+
+  }
+
+  *arg = NULL;
+
+  /* Not found */
+  return MAP_MISSING;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate the function parameter over each element in the hashmap.  The
+ * additional any_t argument is passed to the function as its first
+ * argument and the hashmap element is the second.
+ */
+int hashmap_iterate(map_t in, PFany f, any_t item) {
+
+  int i;
+
+  /* Cast the hashmap */
+  hashmap_map *m = (hashmap_map *)in;
+
+  /* On empty hashmap, return immediately */
+  if (hashmap_length(m) <= 0) return MAP_MISSING;
+
+  /* Linear probing */
+  for (i = 0; i < m->table_size; i++)
+    if (m->data[i].in_use != 0) {
+
+      any_t data = (any_t)(m->data[i].data);
+      int   status = f(item, data);
+      if (status != MAP_OK) { return status; }
+
+    }
+
+  return MAP_OK;
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove an element with that key from the map
+ */
+int hashmap_remove(map_t in, char *key) {
+
+  int          i;
+  int          curr;
+  hashmap_map *m;
+
+  /* Cast the hashmap */
+  m = (hashmap_map *)in;
+
+  /* Find key */
+  curr = hashmap_hash_int(m, key);
+
+  /* Linear probing, if necessary */
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_CHAIN_LENGTH; i++) {
+
+    int in_use = m->data[curr].in_use;
+    if (in_use == 1) {
+
+      if (strcmp(m->data[curr].key, key) == 0) {
+
+        /* Blank out the fields */
+        m->data[curr].in_use = 0;
+        m->data[curr].data = NULL;
+        m->data[curr].key = NULL;
+
+        /* Reduce the size */
+        m->size--;
+        return MAP_OK;
+
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    curr = (curr + 1) % m->table_size;
+
+  }
+
+  /* Data not found */
+  return MAP_MISSING;
+
+}
+
+/* Deallocate the hashmap */
+void hashmap_free(map_t in) {
+
+  hashmap_map *m = (hashmap_map *)in;
+  free(m->data);
+  free(m);
+
+}
+
+/* Return the length of the hashmap */
+int hashmap_length(map_t in) {
+
+  hashmap_map *m = (hashmap_map *)in;
+  if (m != NULL)
+    return m->size;
+  else
+    return 0;
+
+}
+

custom_mutators/gramatron/hashmap.h

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Generic hashmap manipulation functions
+ *
+ * Originally by Elliot C Back -
+ * http://elliottback.com/wp/hashmap-implementation-in-c/
+ *
+ * Modified by Pete Warden to fix a serious performance problem, support strings
+ * as keys and removed thread synchronization - http://petewarden.typepad.com
+ */
+#ifndef __HASHMAP_H__
+#define __HASHMAP_H__
+
+#define MAP_MISSING -3                                   /* No such element */
+#define MAP_FULL -2                                      /* Hashmap is full */
+#define MAP_OMEM -1                                        /* Out of Memory */
+#define MAP_OK 0                                                      /* OK */
+
+/*
+ * any_t is a pointer.  This allows you to put arbitrary structures in
+ * the hashmap.
+ */
+typedef void *any_t;
+
+/*
+ * PFany is a pointer to a function that can take two any_t arguments
+ * and return an integer. Returns status code..
+ */
+typedef int (*PFany)(any_t, any_t);
+
+/*
+ * map_t is a pointer to an internally maintained data structure.
+ * Clients of this package do not need to know how hashmaps are
+ * represented.  They see and manipulate only map_t's.
+ */
+typedef any_t map_t;
+
+/*
+ * Return an empty hashmap. Returns NULL if empty.
+ */
+extern map_t hashmap_new();
+
+/*
+ * Iteratively call f with argument (item, data) for
+ * each element data in the hashmap. The function must
+ * return a map status code. If it returns anything other
+ * than MAP_OK the traversal is terminated. f must
+ * not reenter any hashmap functions, or deadlock may arise.
+ */
+extern int hashmap_iterate(map_t in, PFany f, any_t item);
+
+/*
+ * Add an element to the hashmap. Return MAP_OK or MAP_OMEM.
+ */
+extern int hashmap_put(map_t in, char *key, any_t value);
+
+/*
+ * Get an element from the hashmap. Return MAP_OK or MAP_MISSING.
+ */
+extern int hashmap_get(map_t in, char *key, any_t *arg);
+
+/*
+ * Remove an element from the hashmap. Return MAP_OK or MAP_MISSING.
+ */
+extern int hashmap_remove(map_t in, char *key);
+
+/*
+ * Get any element. Return MAP_OK or MAP_MISSING.
+ * remove - should the element be removed from the hashmap
+ */
+extern int hashmap_get_one(map_t in, any_t *arg, int remove);
+
+/*
+ * Free the hashmap
+ */
+extern void hashmap_free(map_t in);
+
+/*
+ * Get the current size of a hashmap
+ */
+extern int hashmap_length(map_t in);
+
+#endif
+

custom_mutators/gramatron/preprocess/construct_automata.py

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+import sys
+import json
+import re
+from collections import defaultdict
+# import pygraphviz as pgv
+
+gram_data = None
+state_count = 1
+pda = []
+worklist = []
+state_stacks = {} 
+
+# === If user provides upper bound on the stack size during FSA creation ===
+# Specifies the upper bound to which the stack is allowed to grow
+# If for any generated state, the stack size is >= stack_limit then this
+# state is not expanded further.
+stack_limit = None 
+# Holds the set of unexpanded rules owing to the user-passed stack constraint limit
+unexpanded_rules = set()
+
+def main(grammar, limit):
+    global worklist, gram_data, stack_limit
+    current = '0'
+    stack_limit = limit
+    if stack_limit:
+        print ('[X] Operating in bounded stack mode')
+
+    with open(grammar, 'r') as fd:
+        gram_data = json.load(fd)
+    start_symbol = gram_data["Start"][0]
+    worklist.append([current, [start_symbol]])
+    # print (grammar)
+    filename = (grammar.split('/')[-1]).split('.')[0]
+    
+
+    while worklist:
+        # Take an element from the worklist
+        # print ('================')
+        # print ('Worklist:', worklist)
+        element = worklist.pop(0)
+        prep_transitions(element)
+    
+    pda_file = filename + '_transition.json'
+    graph_file = filename + '.png'
+    # print ('XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX')
+    # print ('PDA file:%s Png graph file:%s' % (pda_file, graph_file))
+    # XXX Commented out because visualization of current version of PHP causes segfault
+    # Create the graph and dump the transitions to a file
+    # create_graph(filename)
+    transformed = postprocess()
+    with open(filename + '_automata.json', 'w+') as fd:
+        json.dump(transformed, fd)
+    with open(filename + '_transition.json', 'w+') as fd:
+        json.dump(pda, fd)
+    if not unexpanded_rules:
+        print ('[X] No unexpanded rules, absolute FSA formed')
+        exit(0)
+    else:
+        print ('[X] Certain rules were not expanded due to stack size limit. Inexact approximation has been created and the disallowed rules have been put in {}_disallowed.json'.format(filename))
+        print ('[X] Number of unexpanded rules:', len(unexpanded_rules))
+        with open(filename + '_disallowed.json', 'w+') as fd:
+            json.dump(list(unexpanded_rules), fd)
+
+def create_graph(filename):
+    '''
+    Creates a DOT representation of the PDA
+    '''
+    global pda
+    G = pgv.AGraph(strict = False, directed = True)
+    for transition in pda:
+        print ('Transition:', transition)
+        G.add_edge(transition['source'], transition['dest'], 
+                label = 'Term:{}'.format(transition['terminal']))
+    G.layout(prog = 'dot')
+    print ('Do it up 2')
+    G.draw(filename + '.png')
+
+def prep_transitions(element):
+    '''
+    Generates transitions
+    '''
+    global gram_data, state_count, pda, worklist, state_stacks, stack_limit, unexpanded_rules
+    state = element[0]
+    try:
+        nonterminal = element[1][0] 
+    except IndexError:
+        # Final state was encountered, pop from worklist without doing anything
+        return
+    rules = gram_data[nonterminal]
+    count = 1
+    for rule in rules:
+        isRecursive  = False
+        # print ('Current state:', state)
+        terminal, ss, termIsRegex = tokenize(rule)
+        transition = get_template()
+        transition['trigger'] = '_'.join([state, str(count)])
+        transition['source'] = state
+        transition['dest'] = str(state_count) 
+        transition['ss'] = ss 
+        transition['terminal'] = terminal
+        transition['rule'] = "{} -> {}".format(nonterminal, rule )
+        if termIsRegex:
+            transition['termIsRegex'] = True
+        
+        # Creating a state stack for the new state
+        try:
+            state_stack = state_stacks[state][:]
+        except:
+            state_stack = []
+        if len(state_stack):
+            state_stack.pop(0)
+        if ss:
+            for symbol in ss[::-1]:
+                state_stack.insert(0, symbol)
+        transition['stack'] = state_stack 
+
+        # Check if a recursive transition state being created, if so make a backward
+        # edge and don't add anything to the worklist
+        # print (state_stacks)
+        if state_stacks:
+            for state_element, stack in state_stacks.items():
+                # print ('Stack:', sorted(stack))
+                # print ('State stack:', sorted(state_stack))
+                if sorted(stack) == sorted(state_stack):
+                    transition['dest'] = state_element
+                    # print ('Recursive:', transition)
+                    pda.append(transition)
+                    count += 1
+                    isRecursive = True
+                    break 
+        # If a recursive transition exercised don't add the same transition as a new
+        # edge, continue onto the next transitions
+        if isRecursive:
+            continue
+            
+        # If the generated state has a stack size > stack_limit then that state is abandoned
+        # and not added to the FSA or the worklist for further expansion
+        if stack_limit:
+            if (len(transition['stack']) > stack_limit):
+                unexpanded_rules.add(transition['rule'])
+                continue
+
+        # Create transitions for the non-recursive relations and add to the worklist
+        # print ('Normal:', transition)
+        # print ('State2:', state)
+        pda.append(transition)
+        worklist.append([transition['dest'], transition['stack']])
+        state_stacks[transition['dest']] = state_stack
+        state_count += 1
+        count += 1
+
+def tokenize(rule):
+    '''
+    Gets the terminal and the corresponding stack symbols from a rule in GNF form
+    '''
+    pattern = re.compile("([r])*\'([\s\S]+)\'([\s\S]*)")
+    terminal = None
+    ss = None
+    termIsRegex = False
+    match = pattern.match(rule)
+    if match.group(1):
+        termIsRegex = True
+    if match.group(2):
+        terminal = match.group(2)
+    else:
+        raise AssertionError("Rule is not in GNF form")
+
+    if match.group(3):
+        ss = (match.group(3)).split()
+
+    return terminal, ss, termIsRegex
+
+def get_template():
+    transition_template = {
+            'trigger':None,
+            'source': None,
+            'dest': None,
+            'termIsRegex': False,
+            'terminal' : None,
+            'stack': []
+            }
+    return transition_template
+
+def postprocess():
+    '''
+    Creates a representation to be passed on to the C-module
+    '''
+    global pda
+    final_struct = {}
+    memoized = defaultdict(list)
+    # Supporting data structures for if stack limit is imposed
+    culled_pda = []
+    culled_final = []
+    num_transitions = 0 # Keep track of number of transitions
+
+
+    states, final, initial = _get_states()
+
+    print (initial)
+    assert len(initial) == 1, 'More than one init state found'
+
+    # Cull transitions to states which were not expanded owing to the stack limit
+    if stack_limit:
+
+        blocklist = []
+        for final_state in final:
+            for transition in pda:
+                if (transition["dest"] == final_state) and (len(transition["stack"]) > 0):
+                    blocklist.append(transition["dest"])
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    culled_pda.append(transition)
+        
+        culled_final = [state for state in final if state not in blocklist]
+
+        assert len(culled_final) == 1, 'More than one final state found'
+
+        for transition in culled_pda:
+            state = transition["source"]
+            if transition["dest"] in blocklist:
+                    continue 
+            num_transitions += 1
+            memoized[state].append([transition["trigger"], transition["dest"], 
+                transition["terminal"]])
+        final_struct["init_state"] = initial
+        final_struct["final_state"] = culled_final[0]
+        # The reason we do this is because when states are culled, the indexing is
+        # still relative to the actual number of states hence we keep numstates recorded
+        # as the original number of states
+        print ('[X] Actual Number of states:', len(memoized.keys()))
+        print ('[X] Number of transitions:', num_transitions)
+        print ('[X] Original Number of states:', len(states))
+        final_struct["numstates"] = len(states) 
+        final_struct["pda"] = memoized
+        return final_struct
+    
+    # Running FSA construction in exact approximation mode and postprocessing it like so
+    for transition in pda:
+       state = transition["source"]
+       memoized[state].append([transition["trigger"], transition["dest"], 
+           transition["terminal"]])
+
+    final_struct["init_state"] = initial
+    final_struct["final_state"] = final[0]
+    print ('[X] Actual Number of states:', len(memoized.keys()))
+    final_struct["numstates"] = len(memoized.keys()) 
+    final_struct["pda"] = memoized
+    return final_struct
+
+
+def _get_states():
+    source = set()
+    dest = set()
+    global pda
+    for transition in pda:
+        source.add(transition["source"])
+        dest.add(transition["dest"])
+    source_copy = source.copy()
+    source_copy.update(dest)
+    return list(source_copy), list(dest.difference(source)), str(''.join(list(source.difference(dest))))
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import argparse
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = 'Script to convert GNF grammar to PDA')
+    parser.add_argument(
+            '--gf',
+            type = str,
+            help = 'Location of GNF grammar')
+    parser.add_argument(
+            '--limit',
+            type = int,
+            default = None,
+            help = 'Specify the upper bound for the stack size')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    main(args.gf, args.limit)

custom_mutators/gramatron/preprocess/gnf_converter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+import sys
+import re
+import copy
+import json
+from string import ascii_uppercase
+from itertools import combinations
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+NONTERMINALSET = []
+COUNT = 1
+
+def main(grammar_file, out, start):
+    grammar = None
+    # If grammar file is a preprocessed NT file, then skip preprocessing
+    if '.json' in grammar_file:
+        with open(grammar_file, 'r') as fd:
+            grammar = json.load(fd)
+    elif '.g4' in grammar_file:
+        with open(grammar_file, 'r') as fd:
+            data = fd.readlines()
+        grammar = preprocess(data)
+    else:
+        raise('Unknwown file format passed. Accepts (.g4/.json)')
+
+    with open('debug_preprocess.json', 'w+') as fd:
+        json.dump(grammar, fd)
+    grammar = remove_unit(grammar) # eliminates unit productions
+    with open('debug_unit.json', 'w+') as fd:
+        json.dump(grammar, fd)
+    grammar = remove_mixed(grammar) # eliminate terminals existing with non-terminals
+    with open('debug_mixed.json', 'w+') as fd:
+        json.dump(grammar, fd)
+    grammar = break_rules(grammar) # eliminate rules with more than two non-terminals
+    with open('debug_break.json', 'w+') as fd:
+        json.dump(grammar, fd)
+    grammar = gnf(grammar)
+
+    # Dump GNF form of the grammar with only reachable rules 
+    # reachable_grammar = get_reachable(grammar, start)
+    # with open('debug_gnf_reachable.json', 'w+') as fd:
+    #     json.dump(reachable_grammar, fd)
+    with open('debug_gnf.json', 'w+') as fd:
+        json.dump(grammar, fd)
+
+    grammar["Start"] = [start]
+    with open(out, 'w+') as fd:
+        json.dump(grammar, fd)
+
+def get_reachable(grammar, start):
+    '''
+    Returns a grammar without dead rules
+    '''
+    reachable_nt = set()
+    worklist = list()
+    processed = set()
+    reachable_grammar = dict()
+    worklist.append(start)
+
+    while worklist:
+        nt = worklist.pop(0)
+        processed.add(nt)
+        reachable_grammar[nt] = grammar[nt]
+        rules = grammar[nt]
+        for rule in rules:
+            tokens = gettokens(rule)
+            for token in tokens:
+                if not isTerminal(token):
+                    if token not in processed:
+                        worklist.append(token)
+    return reachable_grammar
+
+
+def gettokens(rule):
+    pattern = re.compile("([^\s\"\']+)|\"([^\"]*)\"|\'([^\']*)\'")
+    return [matched.group(0) for matched in pattern.finditer(rule)]
+
+def gnf(grammar):
+    old_grammar = copy.deepcopy(grammar)
+    new_grammar = defaultdict(list)
+    isgnf = False
+    while not isgnf:
+        for lhs, rules in old_grammar.items():
+            for rule in rules:
+                tokens = gettokens(rule) 
+                if len(tokens) == 1 and isTerminal(rule):
+                    new_grammar[lhs].append(rule)
+                    continue
+                startoken = tokens[0]
+                endrule = tokens[1:]
+                if not isTerminal(startoken):
+                    newrules = []
+                    extendrules = old_grammar[startoken]
+                    for extension in extendrules:
+                        temprule = endrule[:]
+                        temprule.insert(0, extension)
+                        newrules.append(temprule)
+                    for newnew in newrules:
+                        new_grammar[lhs].append(' '.join(newnew))
+                else:
+                    new_grammar[lhs].append(rule)
+        isgnf = True
+        for lhs, rules in new_grammar.items():
+            for rule in rules:
+                # if "\' \'" or isTerminal(rule):
+                tokens = gettokens(rule)
+                if len(tokens) == 1 and isTerminal(rule):
+                    continue
+                startoken = tokens[0]
+                if not isTerminal(startoken):
+                    isgnf = False
+                    break
+        if not isgnf:
+            old_grammar = copy.deepcopy(new_grammar)
+            new_grammar = defaultdict(list)
+    return new_grammar
+                
+
+def preprocess(data):
+    productions = []
+    production = []
+    for line in data:
+        if line != '\n': 
+            production.append(line)
+        else:
+            productions.append(production)
+            production = []
+    final_rule_set = {}
+    for production in productions:
+        rules = []
+        init = production[0]
+        nonterminal = init.split(':')[0]
+        rules.append(strip_chars(init.split(':')[1]).strip('| '))
+        for production_rule in production[1:]:
+            rules.append(strip_chars(production_rule.split('|')[0]))
+        final_rule_set[nonterminal] = rules
+    # for line in data:
+    #     if line != '\n':
+    #         production.append(line)
+    return final_rule_set
+
+def remove_unit(grammar):
+    nounitproductions = False 
+    old_grammar = copy.deepcopy(grammar)
+    new_grammar = defaultdict(list)
+    while not nounitproductions:
+        for lhs, rules in old_grammar.items():
+            for rhs in rules:
+                # Checking if the rule is a unit production rule
+                if len(gettokens(rhs)) == 1:
+                    if not isTerminal(rhs):
+                        new_grammar[lhs].extend([rule for rule in old_grammar[rhs]])
+                    else:
+                        new_grammar[lhs].append(rhs)
+                else:
+                    new_grammar[lhs].append(rhs)
+        # Checking there are no unit productions left in the grammar 
+        nounitproductions = True
+        for lhs, rules in new_grammar.items():
+            for rhs in rules:
+                if len(gettokens(rhs)) == 1:
+                    if not isTerminal(rhs):
+                        nounitproductions = False
+                        break
+            if not nounitproductions:
+                break
+        # Unit productions are still there in the grammar -- repeat the process
+        if not nounitproductions:
+            old_grammar = copy.deepcopy(new_grammar)
+            new_grammar = defaultdict(list)
+    return new_grammar
+
+def isTerminal(rule):
+    # pattern = re.compile("([r]*\'[\s\S]+\')")
+    pattern = re.compile("\'(.*?)\'")
+    match = pattern.match(rule)
+    if match:
+        return True
+    else:
+        return False
+
+def remove_mixed(grammar):
+    '''
+    Remove rules where there are terminals mixed in with non-terminals
+    '''
+    new_grammar = defaultdict(list)
+    for lhs, rules in grammar.items():
+        for rhs in rules:
+            # tokens = rhs.split(' ')
+            regen_rule = []
+            tokens = gettokens(rhs)
+            if len(gettokens(rhs)) == 1:
+                new_grammar[lhs].append(rhs)
+                continue
+            for token in tokens:
+                # Identify if there is a terminal in the RHS
+                if isTerminal(token):
+                    # Check if a corresponding nonterminal already exists
+                    nonterminal = terminal_exist(token, new_grammar)
+                    if nonterminal:
+                        regen_rule.append(nonterminal)
+                    else:
+                        new_nonterm = get_nonterminal()
+                        new_grammar[new_nonterm].append(token)
+                        regen_rule.append(new_nonterm)
+                else:
+                    regen_rule.append(token)
+            new_grammar[lhs].append(' '.join(regen_rule))
+    return new_grammar
+
+def break_rules(grammar):
+    new_grammar = defaultdict(list)
+    old_grammar = copy.deepcopy(grammar)
+    nomulti = False
+    while not nomulti:
+        for lhs, rules in old_grammar.items():
+            for rhs in rules:
+                tokens = gettokens(rhs)
+                if len(tokens) > 2 and (not isTerminal(rhs)):
+                    split = tokens[:-1] 
+                    nonterminal = terminal_exist(' '.join(split), new_grammar)
+                    if nonterminal:
+                        newrule = ' '.join([nonterminal, tokens[-1]])
+                        new_grammar[lhs].append(newrule)
+                    else:
+                        nonterminal = get_nonterminal()
+                        new_grammar[nonterminal].append(' '.join(split))
+                        newrule = ' '.join([nonterminal, tokens[-1]])
+                        new_grammar[lhs].append(newrule)
+                else:
+                    new_grammar[lhs].append(rhs)
+        nomulti = True
+        for lhs, rules in new_grammar.items():
+            for rhs in rules:
+                # tokens = rhs.split(' ')
+                tokens = gettokens(rhs)
+                if len(tokens) > 2 and (not isTerminal(rhs)):
+                    nomulti = False
+                    break
+        if not nomulti:
+            old_grammar = copy.deepcopy(new_grammar)
+            new_grammar = defaultdict(list)
+    return new_grammar
+
+def strip_chars(rule):
+    return rule.strip('\n\t ')
+
+def get_nonterminal():
+    global NONTERMINALSET
+    if NONTERMINALSET:
+        return NONTERMINALSET.pop(0)
+    else:
+        _repopulate()
+        return NONTERMINALSET.pop(0)
+
+def _repopulate():
+    global COUNT
+    global NONTERMINALSET
+    NONTERMINALSET = [''.join(x) for x in list(combinations(ascii_uppercase, COUNT))]
+    COUNT += 1
+
+def terminal_exist(token, grammar):
+    for nonterminal, rules in grammar.items():
+        if token in rules:
+            return nonterminal
+    return None
+
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import argparse
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = 'Script to convert grammar to GNF form')
+    parser.add_argument(
+            '--gf',
+            type = str,
+            required = True,
+            help = 'Location of grammar file')
+    parser.add_argument(
+            '--out',
+            type = str,
+            required = True,
+            help = 'Location of output file')
+    parser.add_argument(
+            '--start',
+            type = str,
+            required = True,
+            help = 'Start token')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    main(args.gf, args.out, args.start)

custom_mutators/gramatron/preprocess/prep_automaton.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This script creates a FSA describing the input grammar *.g4
+
+if [ ! "$#" -lt 4 ]; then
+  echo "Usage: ./prep_pda.sh <grammar_file> <start> [stack_limit]"         
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+GRAMMAR_FILE=$1
+GRAMMAR_DIR="$(dirname $GRAMMAR_FILE)"
+START="$2"
+STACK_LIMIT="$3"
+
+# Get filename
+FILE=$(basename -- "$GRAMMAR_FILE")
+echo "File:$FILE"
+FILENAME="${FILE%.*}"
+echo "Name:$FILENAME"
+
+
+# Create the GNF form of the grammar
+CMD="python gnf_converter.py --gf $GRAMMAR_FILE --out ${FILENAME}.json --start $START"
+$CMD
+
+# Generate grammar automaton 
+# Check if user provided a stack limit
+if [ -z "${STACK_LIMIT}" ]; then
+CMD="python3 construct_automata.py --gf ${FILENAME}.json" 
+else
+CMD="python construct_automata.py --gf ${FILENAME}.json --limit ${STACK_LIMIT}" 
+fi
+echo $CMD
+$CMD
+
+# Move PDA to the source dir of the grammar
+echo "Copying ${FILENAME}_automata.json to $GRAMMAR_DIR"
+mv "${FILENAME}_automata.json" $GRAMMAR_DIR/  

custom_mutators/gramatron/test.c

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/* This is the testing module for Gramatron
+ */
+#include "afl-fuzz.h"
+#include "gramfuzz.h"
+
+#define NUMINPUTS 50
+
+state *create_pda(u8 *automaton_file) {
+
+  struct json_object *parsed_json;
+  state *             pda;
+  json_object *       source_obj, *attr;
+  int                 arraylen, ii, ii2, trigger_len, error;
+
+  printf("\n[GF] Automaton file passed:%s", automaton_file);
+  // parsed_json =
+  // json_object_from_file("./gramfuzz/php_gnf_processed_full.json");
+  parsed_json = json_object_from_file(automaton_file);
+
+  // Getting final state
+  source_obj = json_object_object_get(parsed_json, "final_state");
+  printf("\t\nFinal=%s\n", json_object_get_string(source_obj));
+  final_state = atoi(json_object_get_string(source_obj));
+
+  // Getting initial state
+  source_obj = json_object_object_get(parsed_json, "init_state");
+  init_state = atoi(json_object_get_string(source_obj));
+  printf("\tInit=%s\n", json_object_get_string(source_obj));
+
+  // Getting number of states
+  source_obj = json_object_object_get(parsed_json, "numstates");
+  numstates = atoi(json_object_get_string(source_obj)) + 1;
+  printf("\tNumStates=%d\n", numstates);
+
+  // Allocate state space for each pda state
+  pda = (state *)calloc(atoi(json_object_get_string(source_obj)) + 1,
+                        sizeof(state));
+
+  // Getting PDA representation
+  source_obj = json_object_object_get(parsed_json, "pda");
+  enum json_type type;
+  json_object_object_foreach(source_obj, key, val) {
+
+    state *  state_ptr;
+    trigger *trigger_ptr;
+    int      offset;
+
+    // Get the correct offset into the pda to store state information
+    state_ptr = pda;
+    offset = atoi(key);
+    state_ptr += offset;
+
+    // Store state string
+    state_ptr->state_name = offset;
+
+    // Create trigger array of structs
+    trigger_len = json_object_array_length(val);
+    state_ptr->trigger_len = trigger_len;
+    trigger_ptr = (trigger *)calloc(trigger_len, sizeof(trigger));
+    state_ptr->ptr = trigger_ptr;
+    printf("\nName:%d Trigger:%d", offset, trigger_len);
+
+    for (ii = 0; ii < trigger_len; ii++) {
+
+      json_object *obj = json_object_array_get_idx(val, ii);
+      // Get all the trigger trigger attributes
+      attr = json_object_array_get_idx(obj, 0);
+      (trigger_ptr)->id = strdup(json_object_get_string(attr));
+
+      attr = json_object_array_get_idx(obj, 1);
+      trigger_ptr->dest = atoi(json_object_get_string(attr));
+
+      attr = json_object_array_get_idx(obj, 2);
+      if (!strcmp("\\n", json_object_get_string(attr))) {
+
+        trigger_ptr->term = strdup("\n");
+
+      } else {
+
+        trigger_ptr->term = strdup(json_object_get_string(attr));
+
+      }
+
+      trigger_ptr->term_len = strlen(trigger_ptr->term);
+      trigger_ptr++;
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  // Delete the JSON object
+  json_object_put(parsed_json);
+
+  return pda;
+
+}
+
+void SanityCheck(char *automaton_path) {
+
+  state *        pda = create_pda(automaton_path);
+  int            count = 0, state;
+  Get_Dupes_Ret *getdupesret;
+  IdxMap_new *   statemap;
+  IdxMap_new *   statemap_ptr;
+  terminal *     term_ptr;
+
+  while (count < NUMINPUTS) {
+
+    // Perform input generation
+    Array *generated = gen_input(pda, NULL);
+    print_repr(generated, "Gen");
+    count += 1;
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+  char *         mode;
+  char *         automaton_path;
+  char *         output_dir = NULL;
+  struct timeval tv;
+  struct timeval tz;
+  // gettimeofday(&tv, &tz);
+  srand(1337);
+  if (argc == 3) {
+
+    mode = argv[1];
+    automaton_path = strdup(argv[2]);
+    printf("\nMode:%s Path:%s", mode, automaton_path);
+
+  } else {
+
+    printf("\nUsage: ./test <mode> <automaton_path>");
+    return -1;
+
+  }
+
+  if (!strcmp(mode, "SanityCheck")) {
+
+    SanityCheck(automaton_path);
+
+  } else {
+
+    printf("\nUnrecognized mode");
+    return -1;
+
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+
+}
+

custom_mutators/gramatron/test.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <json-c/json.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "uthash.h"
+#include "utarray.h"
+
+#define INIT_SIZE 100  // Initial size of the dynamic array holding the input
+
+typedef struct terminal {
+
+  int    state;
+  int    trigger_idx;
+  size_t symbol_len;
+  char * symbol;
+
+} terminal;
+
+typedef struct trigger {
+
+  char * id;
+  int    dest;
+  char * term;
+  size_t term_len;
+
+} trigger;
+
+typedef struct state {
+
+  int      state_name;   // Integer State name
+  int      trigger_len;  // Number of triggers associated with this state
+  trigger *ptr;          // Pointer to beginning of the list of triggers
+
+} state;
+
+typedef struct {
+
+  size_t    used;
+  size_t    size;
+  size_t    inputlen;
+  terminal *start;
+
+} Array;
+
+int init_state;
+int curr_state;
+int final_state;
+
+state *create_pda(char *);
+Array *gen_input(state *, Array *);
+void   print_repr(Array *, char *);
+void   initArray(Array *, size_t);
+void   insertArray(Array *, int, char *, size_t, int);
+

custom_mutators/gramatron/utarray.h

@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+/*
+Copyright (c) 2008-2018, Troy D. Hanson   http://troydhanson.github.com/uthash/
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
+IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
+OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+*/
+
+/* a dynamic array implementation using macros
+ */
+#ifndef UTARRAY_H
+#define UTARRAY_H
+
+#define UTARRAY_VERSION 2.1.0
+
+#include <stddef.h>                                               /* size_t */
+#include <string.h>                                          /* memset, etc */
+#include <stdlib.h>                                                 /* exit */
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #define UTARRAY_UNUSED __attribute__((__unused__))
+#else
+  #define UTARRAY_UNUSED
+#endif
+
+#ifdef oom
+  #error \
+      "The name of macro 'oom' has been changed to 'utarray_oom'. Please update your code."
+  #define utarray_oom() oom()
+#endif
+
+#ifndef utarray_oom
+  #define utarray_oom() exit(-1)
+#endif
+
+typedef void(ctor_f)(void *dst, const void *src);
+typedef void(dtor_f)(void *elt);
+typedef void(init_f)(void *elt);
+typedef struct {
+
+  size_t  sz;
+  init_f *init;
+  ctor_f *copy;
+  dtor_f *dtor;
+
+} UT_icd;
+
+typedef struct {
+
+  unsigned i, n;           /* i: index of next available slot, n: num slots */
+  UT_icd   icd;               /* initializer, copy and destructor functions */
+  char *   d;                                     /* n slots of size icd->sz*/
+
+} UT_array;
+
+#define utarray_init(a, _icd)       \
+  do {                              \
+                                    \
+    memset(a, 0, sizeof(UT_array)); \
+    (a)->icd = *(_icd);             \
+                                    \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_done(a)                            \
+  do {                                             \
+                                                   \
+    if ((a)->n) {                                  \
+                                                   \
+      if ((a)->icd.dtor) {                         \
+                                                   \
+        unsigned _ut_i;                            \
+        for (_ut_i = 0; _ut_i < (a)->i; _ut_i++) { \
+                                                   \
+          (a)->icd.dtor(utarray_eltptr(a, _ut_i)); \
+                                                   \
+        }                                          \
+                                                   \
+      }                                            \
+      free((a)->d);                                \
+                                                   \
+    }                                              \
+    (a)->n = 0;                                    \
+                                                   \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_new(a, _icd)                    \
+  do {                                          \
+                                                \
+    (a) = (UT_array *)malloc(sizeof(UT_array)); \
+    if ((a) == NULL) { utarray_oom(); }         \
+    utarray_init(a, _icd);                      \
+                                                \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_free(a) \
+  do {                  \
+                        \
+    utarray_done(a);    \
+    free(a);            \
+                        \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_reserve(a, by)                                     \
+  do {                                                             \
+                                                                   \
+    if (((a)->i + (by)) > (a)->n) {                                \
+                                                                   \
+      char *utarray_tmp;                                           \
+      while (((a)->i + (by)) > (a)->n) {                           \
+                                                                   \
+        (a)->n = ((a)->n ? (2 * (a)->n) : 8);                      \
+                                                                   \
+      }                                                            \
+      utarray_tmp = (char *)realloc((a)->d, (a)->n * (a)->icd.sz); \
+      if (utarray_tmp == NULL) { utarray_oom(); }                  \
+      (a)->d = utarray_tmp;                                        \
+                                                                   \
+    }                                                              \
+                                                                   \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_push_back(a, p)                             \
+  do {                                                      \
+                                                            \
+    utarray_reserve(a, 1);                                  \
+    if ((a)->icd.copy) {                                    \
+                                                            \
+      (a)->icd.copy(_utarray_eltptr(a, (a)->i++), p);       \
+                                                            \
+    } else {                                                \
+                                                            \
+      memcpy(_utarray_eltptr(a, (a)->i++), p, (a)->icd.sz); \
+                                                            \
+    };                                                      \
+                                                            \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_pop_back(a)                          \
+  do {                                               \
+                                                     \
+    if ((a)->icd.dtor) {                             \
+                                                     \
+      (a)->icd.dtor(_utarray_eltptr(a, --((a)->i))); \
+                                                     \
+    } else {                                         \
+                                                     \
+      (a)->i--;                                      \
+                                                     \
+    }                                                \
+                                                     \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_extend_back(a)                            \
+  do {                                                    \
+                                                          \
+    utarray_reserve(a, 1);                                \
+    if ((a)->icd.init) {                                  \
+                                                          \
+      (a)->icd.init(_utarray_eltptr(a, (a)->i));          \
+                                                          \
+    } else {                                              \
+                                                          \
+      memset(_utarray_eltptr(a, (a)->i), 0, (a)->icd.sz); \
+                                                          \
+    }                                                     \
+    (a)->i++;                                             \
+                                                          \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_len(a) ((a)->i)
+
+#define utarray_eltptr(a, j) (((j) < (a)->i) ? _utarray_eltptr(a, j) : NULL)
+#define _utarray_eltptr(a, j) ((a)->d + ((a)->icd.sz * (j)))
+
+#define utarray_insert(a, p, j)                                   \
+  do {                                                            \
+                                                                  \
+    if ((j) > (a)->i) utarray_resize(a, j);                       \
+    utarray_reserve(a, 1);                                        \
+    if ((j) < (a)->i) {                                           \
+                                                                  \
+      memmove(_utarray_eltptr(a, (j) + 1), _utarray_eltptr(a, j), \
+              ((a)->i - (j)) * ((a)->icd.sz));                    \
+                                                                  \
+    }                                                             \
+    if ((a)->icd.copy) {                                          \
+                                                                  \
+      (a)->icd.copy(_utarray_eltptr(a, j), p);                    \
+                                                                  \
+    } else {                                                      \
+                                                                  \
+      memcpy(_utarray_eltptr(a, j), p, (a)->icd.sz);              \
+                                                                  \
+    };                                                            \
+    (a)->i++;                                                     \
+                                                                  \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_inserta(a, w, j)                                               \
+  do {                                                                         \
+                                                                               \
+    if (utarray_len(w) == 0) break;                                            \
+    if ((j) > (a)->i) utarray_resize(a, j);                                    \
+    utarray_reserve(a, utarray_len(w));                                        \
+    if ((j) < (a)->i) {                                                        \
+                                                                               \
+      memmove(_utarray_eltptr(a, (j) + utarray_len(w)), _utarray_eltptr(a, j), \
+              ((a)->i - (j)) * ((a)->icd.sz));                                 \
+                                                                               \
+    }                                                                          \
+    if ((a)->icd.copy) {                                                       \
+                                                                               \
+      unsigned _ut_i;                                                          \
+      for (_ut_i = 0; _ut_i < (w)->i; _ut_i++) {                               \
+                                                                               \
+        (a)->icd.copy(_utarray_eltptr(a, (j) + _ut_i),                         \
+                      _utarray_eltptr(w, _ut_i));                              \
+                                                                               \
+      }                                                                        \
+                                                                               \
+    } else {                                                                   \
+                                                                               \
+      memcpy(_utarray_eltptr(a, j), _utarray_eltptr(w, 0),                     \
+             utarray_len(w) * ((a)->icd.sz));                                  \
+                                                                               \
+    }                                                                          \
+    (a)->i += utarray_len(w);                                                  \
+                                                                               \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_resize(dst, num)                                   \
+  do {                                                             \
+                                                                   \
+    unsigned _ut_i;                                                \
+    if ((dst)->i > (unsigned)(num)) {                              \
+                                                                   \
+      if ((dst)->icd.dtor) {                                       \
+                                                                   \
+        for (_ut_i = (num); _ut_i < (dst)->i; ++_ut_i) {           \
+                                                                   \
+          (dst)->icd.dtor(_utarray_eltptr(dst, _ut_i));            \
+                                                                   \
+        }                                                          \
+                                                                   \
+      }                                                            \
+                                                                   \
+    } else if ((dst)->i < (unsigned)(num)) {                       \
+                                                                   \
+      utarray_reserve(dst, (num) - (dst)->i);                      \
+      if ((dst)->icd.init) {                                       \
+                                                                   \
+        for (_ut_i = (dst)->i; _ut_i < (unsigned)(num); ++_ut_i) { \
+                                                                   \
+          (dst)->icd.init(_utarray_eltptr(dst, _ut_i));            \
+                                                                   \
+        }                                                          \
+                                                                   \
+      } else {                                                     \
+                                                                   \
+        memset(_utarray_eltptr(dst, (dst)->i), 0,                  \
+               (dst)->icd.sz *((num) - (dst)->i));                 \
+                                                                   \
+      }                                                            \
+                                                                   \
+    }                                                              \
+    (dst)->i = (num);                                              \
+                                                                   \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_concat(dst, src)                 \
+  do {                                           \
+                                                 \
+    utarray_inserta(dst, src, utarray_len(dst)); \
+                                                 \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_erase(a, pos, len)                                        \
+  do {                                                                    \
+                                                                          \
+    if ((a)->icd.dtor) {                                                  \
+                                                                          \
+      unsigned _ut_i;                                                     \
+      for (_ut_i = 0; _ut_i < (len); _ut_i++) {                           \
+                                                                          \
+        (a)->icd.dtor(utarray_eltptr(a, (pos) + _ut_i));                  \
+                                                                          \
+      }                                                                   \
+                                                                          \
+    }                                                                     \
+    if ((a)->i > ((pos) + (len))) {                                       \
+                                                                          \
+      memmove(_utarray_eltptr(a, pos), _utarray_eltptr(a, (pos) + (len)), \
+              ((a)->i - ((pos) + (len))) * (a)->icd.sz);                  \
+                                                                          \
+    }                                                                     \
+    (a)->i -= (len);                                                      \
+                                                                          \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_renew(a, u) \
+  do {                      \
+                            \
+    if (a)                  \
+      utarray_clear(a);     \
+    else                    \
+      utarray_new(a, u);    \
+                            \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_clear(a)                            \
+  do {                                              \
+                                                    \
+    if ((a)->i > 0) {                               \
+                                                    \
+      if ((a)->icd.dtor) {                          \
+                                                    \
+        unsigned _ut_i;                             \
+        for (_ut_i = 0; _ut_i < (a)->i; _ut_i++) {  \
+                                                    \
+          (a)->icd.dtor(_utarray_eltptr(a, _ut_i)); \
+                                                    \
+        }                                           \
+                                                    \
+      }                                             \
+      (a)->i = 0;                                   \
+                                                    \
+    }                                               \
+                                                    \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_sort(a, cmp)                 \
+  do {                                       \
+                                             \
+    qsort((a)->d, (a)->i, (a)->icd.sz, cmp); \
+                                             \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define utarray_find(a, v, cmp) bsearch((v), (a)->d, (a)->i, (a)->icd.sz, cmp)
+
+#define utarray_front(a) (((a)->i) ? (_utarray_eltptr(a, 0)) : NULL)
+#define utarray_next(a, e)                                             \
+  (((e) == NULL) ? utarray_front(a)                                    \
+                 : (((a)->i != utarray_eltidx(a, e) + 1)               \
+                        ? _utarray_eltptr(a, utarray_eltidx(a, e) + 1) \
+                        : NULL))
+#define utarray_prev(a, e)                                             \
+  (((e) == NULL) ? utarray_back(a)                                     \
+                 : ((utarray_eltidx(a, e) != 0)                        \
+                        ? _utarray_eltptr(a, utarray_eltidx(a, e) - 1) \
+                        : NULL))
+#define utarray_back(a) (((a)->i) ? (_utarray_eltptr(a, (a)->i - 1)) : NULL)
+#define utarray_eltidx(a, e) (((char *)(e) - (a)->d) / (a)->icd.sz)
+
+/* last we pre-define a few icd for common utarrays of ints and strings */
+static void utarray_str_cpy(void *dst, const void *src) {
+
+  char **_src = (char **)src, **_dst = (char **)dst;
+  *_dst = (*_src == NULL) ? NULL : strdup(*_src);
+
+}
+
+static void utarray_str_dtor(void *elt) {
+
+  char **eltc = (char **)elt;
+  if (*eltc != NULL) free(*eltc);
+
+}
+
+static const UT_icd ut_str_icd UTARRAY_UNUSED = {
+
+    sizeof(char *), NULL, utarray_str_cpy, utarray_str_dtor};
+static const UT_icd ut_int_icd UTARRAY_UNUSED = {sizeof(int), NULL, NULL, NULL};
+static const UT_icd ut_ptr_icd UTARRAY_UNUSED = {sizeof(void *), NULL, NULL,
+                                                 NULL};
+
+#endif                                                         /* UTARRAY_H */
+