tippecanoe/tile.cc

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <zlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
#include "vector_tile.pb.h"

extern "C" {
	#include "tile.h"
	#include "pool.h"
	#include "clip.h"
	#include "mbtiles.h"
}

#define CMD_BITS 3

// https://github.com/mapbox/mapnik-vector-tile/blob/master/src/vector_tile_compression.hpp
static inline int compress(std::string const& input, std::string& output) {
	z_stream deflate_s;
	deflate_s.zalloc = Z_NULL;
	deflate_s.zfree = Z_NULL;
	deflate_s.opaque = Z_NULL;
	deflate_s.avail_in = 0;
	deflate_s.next_in = Z_NULL;
	deflateInit(&deflate_s, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION);
	deflate_s.next_in = (Bytef *)input.data();
	deflate_s.avail_in = input.size();
	size_t length = 0;
	do {
		size_t increase = input.size() / 2 + 1024;
		output.resize(length + increase);
		deflate_s.avail_out = increase;
		deflate_s.next_out = (Bytef *)(output.data() + length);
		int ret = deflate(&deflate_s, Z_FINISH);
		if (ret != Z_STREAM_END && ret != Z_OK && ret != Z_BUF_ERROR) {
			return -1;
		}
		length += (increase - deflate_s.avail_out);
	} while (deflate_s.avail_out == 0);
	deflateEnd(&deflate_s);
	output.resize(length);
	return 0;
}

struct draw {
	int op;
	long long x;
	long long y;
	int necessary;

	draw(int op, long long x, long long y) {
		this->op = op;
		this->x = x;
		this->y = y;
	}

	draw() { }
};

typedef std::vector<draw> drawvec;

drawvec decode_feature(char **meta, int z, unsigned tx, unsigned ty, int detail) {
	drawvec out;

	while (1) {
		draw d;

		deserialize_int(meta, &d.op);
		if (d.op == VT_END) {
			break;
		}

		if (d.op == VT_MOVETO || d.op == VT_LINETO) {
			int wx, wy;
			deserialize_int(meta, &wx);
			deserialize_int(meta, &wy);

			long long wwx = (unsigned) wx;
			long long wwy = (unsigned) wy;

			if (z != 0) {
				wwx -= tx << (32 - z);
				wwy -= ty << (32 - z);
			}

			d.x = wwx;
			d.y = wwy;
		}

		out.push_back(d);
	}

	return out;
}

int to_feature(drawvec &geom, mapnik::vector::tile_feature *feature) {
	int px = 0, py = 0;
	int cmd_idx = -1;
	int cmd = -1;
	int length = 0;
	int drew = 0;
	int i;

	int n = geom.size();
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		int op = geom[i].op;

		if (op != cmd) {
			if (cmd_idx >= 0) {
				if (feature != NULL) {
					feature->set_geometry(cmd_idx, (length << CMD_BITS) | (cmd & ((1 << CMD_BITS) - 1)));
				}
			}

			cmd = op;
			length = 0;

			if (feature != NULL) {
				cmd_idx = feature->geometry_size();
				feature->add_geometry(0);
			}
		}

		if (op == VT_MOVETO || op == VT_LINETO) {
			long long wwx = geom[i].x;
			long long wwy = geom[i].y;

			int dx = wwx - px;
			int dy = wwy - py;

			if (feature != NULL) {
				feature->add_geometry((dx << 1) ^ (dx >> 31));
				feature->add_geometry((dy << 1) ^ (dy >> 31));
			}

			px = wwx;
			py = wwy;
			length++;

			if (op == VT_LINETO && (dx != 0 || dy != 0)) {
				drew = 1;
			}
		} else if (op == VT_CLOSEPATH) {
			length++;
		} else {
			fprintf(stderr, "\nInternal error: corrupted geometry\n");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
	}

	if (cmd_idx >= 0) {
		if (feature != NULL) {
			feature->set_geometry(cmd_idx, (length << CMD_BITS) | (cmd & ((1 << CMD_BITS) - 1)));
		}
	}

	return drew;
}

drawvec remove_noop(drawvec geom, int type) {
	// first pass: remove empty linetos

	long long x = 0, y = 0;
	drawvec out;
	unsigned i;

	for (i = 0; i < geom.size(); i++) {
		if (geom[i].op == VT_LINETO && geom[i].x == x && geom[i].y == y) {
			continue;
		}

		if (geom[i].op == VT_CLOSEPATH) {
			out.push_back(geom[i]);
		} else { /* moveto or lineto */
			out.push_back(geom[i]);
			x = geom[i].x;
			y = geom[i].y;
		}
	}

	// second pass: remove unused movetos

	geom = out;
	out.resize(0);

	for (i = 0; i < geom.size(); i++) {
		if (geom[i].op == VT_MOVETO) {
			if (i + 1 >= geom.size()) {
				continue;
			}

			if (geom[i + 1].op == VT_MOVETO) {
				continue;
			}

			if (geom[i + 1].op == VT_CLOSEPATH) {
				i++; // also remove unused closepath
				continue;
			}
		}

		out.push_back(geom[i]);
	}

	// second pass: remove empty movetos

	if (type == VT_LINE) {
		geom = out;
		out.resize(0);

		for (i = 0; i < geom.size(); i++) {
			if (geom[i].op == VT_MOVETO) {
				if (i > 0 && geom[i - 1].op == VT_LINETO && geom[i - 1].x == geom[i].x && geom[i - 1].y == geom[i].y) {
					continue;
				}
			}

			out.push_back(geom[i]);
		}
	}

	return out;
}

int shrink_lines(struct draw *geom, int len, int z, int basezoom) {
	double scale = 1.0 / exp(log(sqrt(2.5)) * (basezoom - z));
	struct draw tmp[3 * len];
	int out = 0;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		if (i > 0 && (geom[i - 1].op == VT_MOVETO || geom[i - 1].op == VT_LINETO) && geom[i].op == VT_LINETO) {
			long long cx = (geom[i].x + geom[i - 1].x) / 2;
			long long cy = (geom[i].y + geom[i - 1].y) / 2;

			tmp[out + 0].op = VT_MOVETO;
			tmp[out + 0].x = cx + (geom[i - 1].x - cx) * scale;
			tmp[out + 0].y = cy + (geom[i - 1].y - cy) * scale;

			tmp[out + 1].op = VT_LINETO;
			tmp[out + 1].x = cx + (geom[i].x - cx) * scale;
			tmp[out + 1].y = cy + (geom[i].y - cy) * scale;

			tmp[out + 2].op = VT_MOVETO;
			tmp[out + 2].x = geom[i].x;
			tmp[out + 2].y = geom[i].y;

			out += 3;
		} else {
			tmp[out++] = geom[i];
		}
	}

	memcpy(geom, tmp, out * sizeof(struct draw));
	return out;
}

void to_tile_scale(drawvec &geom, int z, int detail) {
	unsigned i;

	for (i = 0; i < geom.size(); i++) {
		geom[i].x >>= (32 - detail - z);
		geom[i].y >>= (32 - detail - z);
	}
}

double square_distance_from_line(long long point_x, long long point_y, long long segA_x, long long segA_y, long long segB_x, long long segB_y) {
	double p2x = segB_x - segA_x;
	double p2y = segB_y - segA_y;
	double something = p2x * p2x + p2y * p2y;
	double u = 0 == something ? 0 : ((point_x - segA_x) * p2x + (point_y - segA_y) * p2y) / something;

	if (u > 1) {
		u = 1;
	} else if (u < 0) {
		u = 0;
	}

	double x = segA_x + u * p2x;
	double y = segA_y + u * p2y;

	double dx = x - point_x;
	double dy = y - point_y;

	return dx * dx + dy * dy;
}

// https://github.com/Project-OSRM/osrm-backend/blob/733d1384a40f/Algorithms/DouglasePeucker.cpp
void douglas_peucker(drawvec &geom, int start, int n, double e) {
	e = e * e;
	std::stack<int> recursion_stack;

	{
		int left_border = 0;
		int right_border = 1;
		// Sweep linerarily over array and identify those ranges that need to be checked
		do {
			if (geom[start + right_border].necessary) {
				recursion_stack.push(left_border);
				recursion_stack.push(right_border);
				left_border = right_border;
			}
			++right_border;
		} while (right_border < n);
	}

	while (!recursion_stack.empty()) {
		// pop next element
		int second = recursion_stack.top();
		recursion_stack.pop();
		int first = recursion_stack.top();
		recursion_stack.pop();

		double max_distance = -1;
		int farthest_element_index = second;

		// find index idx of element with max_distance
		int i;
		for (i = first + 1; i < second; i++) {
			double temp_dist = square_distance_from_line(geom[start + i].x, geom[start + i].y,
				geom[start + first].x, geom[start + first].y,
				geom[start + second].x, geom[start + second].y);

			double distance = fabs(temp_dist);

			if (distance > e && distance > max_distance) {
				farthest_element_index = i;
				max_distance = distance;
			}
		}

		if (max_distance > e) {
			// mark idx as necessary
			geom[start + farthest_element_index].necessary = 1;

			if (1 < farthest_element_index - first) {
				recursion_stack.push(first);
				recursion_stack.push(farthest_element_index);
			}
			if (1 < second - farthest_element_index) {
				recursion_stack.push(farthest_element_index);
				recursion_stack.push(second);
			}
		}
	}
}

drawvec clip_lines(drawvec &geom, int z, int detail) {
	drawvec out;
	unsigned i;

	for (i = 0; i < geom.size(); i++) {
		if (i > 0 && (geom[i - 1].op == VT_MOVETO || geom[i - 1].op == VT_LINETO) && geom[i].op == VT_LINETO) {
			double x1 = geom[i - 1].x;
			double y1 = geom[i - 1].y;

			double x2 = geom[i - 0].x;
			double y2 = geom[i - 0].y;

			unsigned area = 0xFFFFFFFF;
			if (z != 0) {
				area = 1 << (32 - z);
			}

			int c = clip(&x1, &y1, &x2, &y2, 0, 0, area, area);

			if (c > 1) { // clipped
				out.push_back(draw(VT_MOVETO, x1, y1));
				out.push_back(draw(VT_LINETO, x2, y2));
				out.push_back(draw(VT_MOVETO, geom[i].x, geom[i].y));
			} else if (c == 1) { // unchanged
				out.push_back(geom[i]);
			} else { // clipped away entirely
				out.push_back(draw(VT_MOVETO, geom[i].x, geom[i].y));
			}
		} else {
			out.push_back(geom[i]);
		}
	}

	return out;
}

drawvec simplify_lines(drawvec &geom, int z, int detail) {
	int res = 1 << (32 - detail - z);

	unsigned i;
	for (i = 0; i < geom.size(); i++) {
		if (geom[i].op == VT_MOVETO) {
			geom[i].necessary = 1;
		} else if (geom[i].op == VT_LINETO) {
			geom[i].necessary = 0;
		} else {
			geom[i].necessary = 1;
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < geom.size(); i++) {
		if (geom[i].op == VT_MOVETO) {
			unsigned j;
			for (j = i + 1; j < geom.size(); j++) {
				if (geom[j].op == VT_CLOSEPATH || geom[j].op == VT_MOVETO) {
					break;
				}
			}

			geom[i].necessary = 1;
			geom[j - 1].necessary = 1;

			douglas_peucker(geom, i, j - i, res);
			i = j - 1;
		}
	}

	drawvec out;
	for (i = 0; i < geom.size(); i++) {
		if (geom[i].necessary) {
			out.push_back(geom[i]);
		}
	}

	return out;
}

int coalindexcmp(const struct coalesce *c1, const struct coalesce *c2);

struct coalesce {
	int type;
	drawvec geom;
	std::vector<int> meta;
	unsigned long long index;

	bool operator< (const coalesce &o) const {
		int cmp = coalindexcmp(this, &o);
		if (cmp < 0) {
			return true;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}
};

int coalcmp(const void *v1, const void *v2) {
	const struct coalesce *c1 = (const struct coalesce *) v1;
	const struct coalesce *c2 = (const struct coalesce *) v2;

	int cmp = c1->type - c2->type;
	if (cmp != 0) {
		return cmp;
	}

	unsigned i;
	for (i = 0; i < c1->meta.size() && i < c2->meta.size(); i++) {
		cmp = c1->meta[i] - c2->meta[i];

		if (cmp != 0) {
			return cmp;
		}
	}

	if (c1->meta.size() < c2->meta.size()) {
		return -1;
	} else if (c1->meta.size() > c2->meta.size()) {
		return 1;
	} else {
		return 0;
	}
}

int coalindexcmp(const struct coalesce *c1, const struct coalesce *c2) {
	int cmp = coalcmp((const void *) c1, (const void *) c2);

	if (cmp == 0) {
		if (c1->index < c2->index) {
			return -1;
		} else if (c1->index > c2->index) {
			return 1;
		}
	}

	return cmp;
}

long long write_tile(struct index *start, struct index *end, char *metabase, unsigned *file_bbox, int z, unsigned tx, unsigned ty, int detail, int basezoom, struct pool *file_keys, char *layername, sqlite3 *outdb) {
	GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;

	mapnik::vector::tile tile;
	mapnik::vector::tile_layer *layer = tile.add_layers();

	layer->set_name(layername);
	layer->set_version(1);

	layer->set_extent(1 << detail);

	struct pool keys, values, dup;
	pool_init(&keys, 0);
	pool_init(&values, 0);
	pool_init(&dup, 1);

	double interval = 1;
	double seq = 0;
	long long count = 0;

	if (z < basezoom) {
		interval = exp(log(2.5) * (basezoom - z));
	}

	std::vector<coalesce> features;

	struct index *i;
	for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
		int t;

		char *meta = metabase + i->fpos;
		deserialize_int(&meta, &t);

		if (t == VT_POINT) {
			seq++;

			if (seq >= 0) {
				seq -= interval;
			} else {
				continue;
			}
		}

		drawvec geom = decode_feature(&meta, z, tx, ty, detail);

		if (t == VT_LINE) {
			geom = clip_lines(geom, z, detail);
		}

		if (t == VT_LINE || t == VT_POLYGON) {
			geom = simplify_lines(geom, z, detail);
		}

#if 0
		if (t == VT_LINE && z != basezoom) {
			len = shrink_lines(geom, len, z, basezoom);
		}
#endif

		to_tile_scale(geom, z, detail);

		if (t == VT_POINT || to_feature(geom, NULL)) {
			struct pool_val *pv = pool_long_long(&dup, &i->fpos, 0);
			if (pv->n == 0) {
				continue;
			}
			pv->n = 0;

			struct coalesce c;

			c.type = t;
			c.index = i->index;
			c.geom = geom;

			int m;
			deserialize_int(&meta, &m);

			int i;
			for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
				int t;
				deserialize_int(&meta, &t);
				struct pool_val *key = deserialize_string(&meta, &keys, VT_STRING);
				struct pool_val *value = deserialize_string(&meta, &values, t);

				c.meta.push_back(key->n);
				c.meta.push_back(value->n);

				if (!is_pooled(file_keys, key->s, t)) {
					// Dup to retain after munmap
					pool(file_keys, strdup(key->s), t);
				}
			}

			features.push_back(c);
		}
	}

	std::sort(features.begin(), features.end());

	std::vector<coalesce> out;
	unsigned x;
	for (x = 0; x < features.size(); x++) {
		unsigned y = out.size() - 1;

		if (out.size() > 0 && coalcmp(&features[x], &out[y]) < 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "\nfeature out of order\n");
		}

		if (out.size() > 0 && out[y].geom.size() + features[x].geom.size() < 20000 && coalcmp(&features[x], &out[y]) == 0 && features[x].type != VT_POINT) {
			unsigned z;
			for (z = 0; z < features[x].geom.size(); z++) {
				out[y].geom.push_back(features[x].geom[z]);
			}
		} else {
			out.push_back(features[x]);
		}
	}

	features = out;
	for (x = 0; x < features.size(); x++) {
		if (features[x].type == VT_LINE || features[x].type == VT_POLYGON) {
			features[x].geom = remove_noop(features[x].geom, features[x].type);
		}

		mapnik::vector::tile_feature *feature = layer->add_features();

		if (features[x].type == VT_POINT) {
			feature->set_type(mapnik::vector::tile::Point);
		} else if (features[x].type == VT_LINE) {
			feature->set_type(mapnik::vector::tile::LineString);
		} else if (features[x].type == VT_POLYGON) {
			feature->set_type(mapnik::vector::tile::Polygon);
		} else {
			feature->set_type(mapnik::vector::tile::Unknown);
		}

		to_feature(features[x].geom, feature);
		count += features[x].geom.size();

		unsigned y;
		for (y = 0; y < features[x].meta.size(); y++) {
			feature->add_tags(features[x].meta[y]);
		}
	}

	features.resize(0);

	struct pool_val *pv;
	for (pv = keys.head; pv != NULL; pv = pv->next) {
		layer->add_keys(pv->s, strlen(pv->s));
	}
	for (pv = values.head; pv != NULL; pv = pv->next) {
		mapnik::vector::tile_value *tv = layer->add_values();

		if (pv->type == VT_NUMBER) {
			tv->set_double_value(atof(pv->s));
		} else {
			tv->set_string_value(pv->s);
		}
	}
	pool_free(&keys);
	pool_free(&values);
	pool_free(&dup);

	std::string s;
	std::string compressed;

	tile.SerializeToString(&s);
	compress(s, compressed);

	if (compressed.size() > 500000) {
		fprintf(stderr, "tile %d/%u/%u size is %lld, >500000\n", z, tx, ty, (long long) compressed.size());
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	mbtiles_write_tile(outdb, z, tx, ty, compressed.data(), compressed.size());

	return count;
}