Backporting support for the NanoPi R6S from upstream
uboot.
Signed-off-by: Ben Whitten <ben.whitten@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15607
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Upstream uboot have merged in kernel dts files, we need
the update for the rk3588 boards.
Signed-off-by: Ben Whitten <ben.whitten@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15607
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Adding support for the rk3588 platform
Signed-off-by: Ben Whitten <ben.whitten@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15607
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Cambium Networks XE3-4 is a tri-radio Wi-Fi 6/6E 4×4/2×2 AP.
Hardware:
Model: Cambium Networks XE3-4
CPU: IPQ6010/AP-CP01-C3, SoC Version: 1.0 @ 800 MHz
Memory: 1 GiB
Flash: 512 MiB Macronix MX30UF2G18AC + W25Q128FW
Ethernet: 1x 1 GbE (QCA8072)
1x 2.5 GbE (QCA8081)
Buttons: 1x Reset
Serial: TX, RX, GND
Baudrate: 115200
Radios: Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax - 2x2 - 2GHz
Qualcomm Atheros IPQ6018 802.11ax - 2x2 - 5GHz
Qualcomm Atheros QCN9074 802.11ax - 4x4 - 5GHz or 6GHz
BLE 4.1
Power: 32.0W 802.3bt5 PoE++
25.5W 802.3at with USB, BT disabled
Size: 215mm x 215mm
Ports: 1x USB 2.0
Antenna: 6 GHz: 6.29 dBi, Omni 30 dBm
5 GHz: 6.12 dBi, Omni 31 dBm
2.4 GHz: 4.85 dBi, Omni 29 dBm
LEDs: Multi-color status LEDs
Mounting: Wall, ceiling or T-bar
Installation: Serial connection
1. Open the AP to get access to the board. Connect RX, TX and GND.
2. Power on the AP, and short the CS pin of the SPI flash with
one of the APs GND pins.
3. Transfer the initramfs image with TFTP
(Default server IP is 192.168.0.120)
# tftpboot factory.ubi
4. Flash the rootfs partition
# flash rootfs
5. Reboot the AP
# reset
Signed-off-by: Kristian Skramstad <kristian+github@83.no>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15633
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
Mark the package as nonshared to build it in the target specific build
step 1 of the build bots instead of the architecture generic build step
2. In the build step 2 it may be left out if we build it using a
different target.
Fixes: 1eb21b87bd ("kobs-ng: add new package")
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/16031
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Mark the package as nonshared to build it in the target specific build
step 1 of the build bots instead of the architecture generic build step
2. In the build step 2 it may be left out if we build it using a
different target.
Fixes: 07043a853a ("imx23: rename imx23 to mxs for upcoming imx23/28 support")
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/16031
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Radxa ROCK Pi E v3.0 is a compact networking SBC[1] using the Rockchip
RK3328 SoC.
Hardware
--------
- Rockchip RK3328 SoC
- Quad A53 CPU
- 512MB/1GB/2GB DDR4 RAM
- 4/8/16/32GB eMMC
- Micro SD Card slot
- WiFi 4 and BT 4, or WiFi 5 and BT 5 (not supported yet)
- 1x 1000M Ethernet with PoE support (additional PoE HAT required)
- 1x 100M Ethernet
- 1x USB 3.0 Type-A port (Host)
- 1x 4-ring 3.5mm headphone jack
- 40 Pin GPIO header
[1] https://radxa.com/products/rockpi/pie
Installation
------------
Uncompress the OpenWrt sysupgrade and write it to a micro SD card or
internal eMMC using dd.
Signed-off-by: FUKAUMI Naoki <naoki@radxa.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15984
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Add support for NEC Aterm series devices based on Atheros AR9344.
The following devices have almost the same hardware, so the same U-Boot
binary can be used for them.
- NEC Aterm WR8750N
- NEC Aterm WR9500N
- NEC Aterm WG600HP
By the way, on NetBSD-based NEC Aterm devices, only 0x20000 (128KiB) is
available for a bootloader on the flash chip and that limitation is too
small for mainline U-Boot with the default options. So many
features/commands not required for booting OpenWrt and recoverying are
disabled on that devices, like the followings.
- networking support
- FIT support
- all decompression methods support
etc...
Signed-off-by: INAGAKI Hiroshi <musashino.open@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15432
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Add U-Boot package for the devices that based on Atheros/Qualcomm
Atheros SoCs.
Signed-off-by: INAGAKI Hiroshi <musashino.open@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15432
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Same as TP-Link TL-XDR608x, this router comes with locked vendor
loader. Add U-Boot build for replacement loader for this device.
Signed-off-by: Chukun Pan <amadeus@jmu.edu.cn>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15930
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Radxa ROCK Pi S is a small in size, full in features SBC[1] using the
Rockchip RK3308B SoC.
Hardware
--------
- Rockchip RK3308B SoC
- Quad A35 CPU
- 256/512MB DDR3 RAM
- Optional 4/8GB eMMC
- Micro SD Card slot
- Optional WiFi 4 and BT 4 (not supported yet)
- 1x 100M Ethernet with PoE support (additional PoE HAT required)
- 1x USB 2.0 Type-A port (Host)
- 1x USB 2.0 Type-C port (OTG)
- 2x 26 Pin GPIO header
[1] https://radxa.com/products/rockpi/pis
Installation
------------
Uncompress the OpenWrt sysupgrade and write it to a micro SD card or
internal eMMC using dd.
Signed-off-by: FUKAUMI Naoki <naoki@radxa.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15933
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Huawei AP6010DN is a dual-band, dual-radio 802.11a/b/g/n 2x2 MIMO
enterprise access point with one Gigabit Ethernet port and PoE
support.
Hardware highlights:
- CPU: AR9344 SoC at 480MHz
- RAM: 128MB DDR2
- Flash: 32MB SPI-NOR
- Wi-Fi 2.4GHz: AR9344-internal radio
- Wi-Fi 5GHz: AR9580 PCIe WLAN SoC
- Ethernet: 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet through Atheros AR8035 PHY
- PoE: yes
- Standalone 12V/2A power input
- Serial console externally available through RJ45 port
- External watchdog: CAT706SVI (1.6s timeout)
Serial console:
9600n8 (9600 baud, no stop bits, no parity, 8 data bits)
MAC addresses:
Each device has 32 consecutive MAC addresses allocated by
the vendor, which don't overlap between devices.
This was confirmed with multiple devices with consecutive
serial numbers.
The MAC address range starts with the address on the label.
To be able to distinguish between the interfaces,
the following MAC address scheme is used:
- eth0 = label MAC
- radio0 (Wi-Fi 2.4GHz) = label MAC + 1
- radio1 (Wi-Fi 5GHz) = label MAC + 2
Installation:
0. Connect some sort of RJ45-to-USB adapter to "Console" port of the AP
1. Power up the AP
2. At prompt "Press f or F to stop Auto-Boot in 3 seconds",
do what they say.
Log in with default admin password "admin@huawei.com".
3. Boot the OpenWrt initramfs from TFTP using the hidden script "run ramboot".
Replace IP address as needed:
> setenv serverip 192.168.1.10
> setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.1
> setenv rambootfile openwrt-ath79-generic-huawei_ap6010dn-initramfs-kernel.bin
> saveenv
> run ramboot
4. Optional but recommended as the factory firmware cannot be downloaded publicly:
Back up contents of "firmware" partition using the web interface or ssh:
$ ssh root@192.168.1.1 cat /dev/mtd11 > huawei_ap6010dn_fw_backup.bin
5. Run sysupgrade using sysupgrade image. OpenWrt
shall boot from flash afterwards.
Return to factory firmware (using firmware upgrade package downloaded from non-public Huawei website):
1. Start a TFTP server in the directory where
the firmware upgrade package is located
2. Boot to u-boot as described above
3. Install firmware upgrade package and format the config partitions:
> update system FatAP6X10XN_SOMEVERSION.bin
> format_fs
Return to factory firmware (from previously created backup):
1. Copy over the firmware partition backup to /tmp,
for example using scp
2. Use sysupgrade with force to restore the backup:
sysupgrade -F huawei_ap6010dn_fw_backup.bin
3. Boot AP to U-Boot as described above
Quirks and known issues:
- The stock firmware has a semi dual boot concept where the primary
kernel uses a squashfs as root partition and the secondary kernel uses
an initramfs. This dual boot concept is circumvented on purpose to gain
more flash space and since the stock firmware's flash layout isn't
compatible with mtdsplit.
- The external watchdog's timeout of 1.6s is very hard to satisfy
during bootup. This is why the GPIO15 pin connected to the watchdog input
is configured directly in the LZMA loader to output the AHB_CLK/2 signal
which keeps the watchdog happy until the wdt-gpio kernel driver takes
over. Because it would also take too long to read the whole kernel image
from flash, the uImage header only includes the loader which then reads
the kernel image from flash after GPIO15 is configured.
Signed-off-by: Marco von Rosenberg <marcovr@selfnet.de>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15941
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Hardware specification:
SoC: MediaTek MT7981B 2x A53
Flash: 128 MB SPI-NAND
RAM: 256MB
Ethernet: 4x 10/100/1000 Mbps
Switch: MediaTek MT7531AE
WiFi: MediaTek MT7976C
Button: Reset, Mesh
Power: DC 12V 1A
Gain telnet access:
1. Login into web interface, and download the configuration.
2. Decode and uncompress the configuration:
* Enter fakeroot if you are not login as root.
base64 -d e-xxxxxxxxxxxx-cfg.tar.gz | tar -zx
3. Edit 'etc/passwd', remove root password: 'root::1:0:99999:7:::'.
4. Edit 'etc/rc.local', insert telnetd command before 'exit 0':
( sleep 3s; /usr/sbin/telnetd; ) &
5. Repack the configuration:
tar -zc etc/ | base64 > e-xxxxxxxxxxxx-cfg.tar.gz
6. Upload new configuration via web interface, now you can connect to
ASR3000 via telnet.
Flash instructions:
1. Connect to ASR3000, backup everything, especially 'Factory' part.
2. Write new BL2:
mtd write openwrt-mediatek-filogic-abt_asr3000-preloader.bin BL2
3. Write new FIP:
mtd write openwrt-mediatek-filogic-abt_asr3000-bl31-uboot.fip FIP
4. Set static IP on your PC:
IP 192.168.1.254/24, GW 192.168.1.1
5. Serve OpenWrt initramfs image using TFTP server.
6. Cut off the power and re-engage, wait for TFTP recovery to complete.
7. After OpenWrt has booted, perform sysupgrade.
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@immortalwrt.org>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15887
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Use export_fitblk_bootdev() in /lib/upgrade/fit.sh instead of now
deprecated fitblk_get_bootdev() function. Include /lib/upgrade/fit.sh
instead of /lib/upgrade/common.sh to allow removing the function there.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
There is no point in hard-coding the UBI volume numbers as we are
dynamically looking up the volume by volume name in all cases by now.
Remove this relict as it causes problems without being useful for
anything.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
1. Rename function _do_env_set() to env_do_env_set().
2. Replace kwbimage hack with UBOOT_CUSTOMIZE_CONFIG:
"--disable TOOLS_KWBIMAGE" and "--disable TOOLS_LIBCRYPTO".
3. Disable CONFIG_CMD_BOOTEFI_BOOTMGR for all supported devices
because the newly added UEFI bootmenu entries doesn't work.
4. Enable CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE for the OpenWrt One.
Signed-off-by: Shiji Yang <yangshiji66@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
This commit adds support for Asus RT-AX89X BX revision.
WARNING: Only the BX revision boards (So B1, B2 etc) are supported because
AX revision boards use IPQ8074 v1 SoC which is unsupported.
Specifications:
---------------
* CPU: Qualcomm IPQ8074A Quad core Cortex-A53 @ 2.2GHz
* RAM: 1024MB
* Storage: 256MB SLC NAND (Macronix MX30UF2G18AC)
* Ethernet:
* 5x 1G RJ45 ports via QCA8337 switch
* 3x 1G RJ45 ports via internal switch (QCA8075 PHY)
* 1x 10G RJ45 via internal switch (AQR113C PHY)
* 1x 10G SFP+ slot via internal switch
* WLAN:
* 2.4GHz 4x4
* 5GHz 8x8
* 8 external antennas
* USB: 2x USB 3.0 Type-A
* Buttons:
* Power switch
* WPS
* Reset
* Wireless ON/OFF
* LED ON/OFF
LED-s:
* Power
* Wi-Fi
* WAN
* 10G
* SFP+
Power:
* 19.5V via DC jack
Installation instructions:
--------------------------
1. Flash temporary OpenWrt initramfs:
* Flash openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-asus_rt-ax89x-initramfs-factory.trx
via the stock firmware.
Administration -> Firmware Upgrade -> Manual Firmware update (Upload)
After flashing the device will reboot with OpenWrt initramfs and it can
be accesed via any of the LAN ports via SSH with the usual OpenWrt
default credentials.
2. Sysupgrade from OpenWrt initramfs:
* Copy openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-asus_rt-ax89x-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to
/tmp/openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-asus_rt-ax89x-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin of
the running initramfs image.
* Simply sysupgrade -n /tmp/openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-asus_rt-ax89x-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin
After flashing the device will reboot with OpenWrt initramfs and it can
be accesed via any of the LAN ports via SSH with the usual OpenWrt
default credentials.
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15840
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
This commit adds support for TP-LINK RE6000XD.
The device is quite similar to the Mercusys MR90X V1,
except only 3 LAN ports and more LEDs.
So thanks to csharper2005 for doing all the groundwork.
Device specification
--------------------
SoC Type: MediaTek MT7986BLA, Cortex-A53, 64-bit
RAM: MediaTek MT7986BLA (512MB)
Flash: SPI NAND GigaDevice (128 MB)
Ethernet: MediaTek MT7531AE + 2.5GbE MaxLinear GPY211C0VC (SLNW8)
Ethernet: 1x2.5Gbe (LAN3 2.5Gbps), 2xGbE (LAN 1Gbps, LAN1,
LAN2)
WLAN 2g: MediaTek MT7975N, b/g/n/ax, MIMO 4x4
WLAN 5g: MediaTek MT7975P(N), a/n/ac/ax, MIMO 4x4
LEDs: 8 LEDs, 1 status blue, 2x WIFI blue, 2x signal
blue/red, 3 LAN blue gpio-controlled
Button: 2 (Reset, WPS)
USB ports: No
Power: 12 VDC, 2 A
Connector: Barrel
Bootloader: Main U-Boot - U-Boot 2022.01-rc4. Additionally, ubi0
partition contain "seconduboot" (also U-Boot 2022.01-rc4)
Serial console (UART), unpopulated
---------------------
V
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| +3.3V | GND | TX | RX |
+---+---+-------+-------+-------+
|
+--- Don't connect
Disassemble: rm the 2 screws at the bottom and the one at the backside.
un-clip the case starting at the edge above the LEDs.
Installation (UART)
-------------------
1. Place OpenWrt initramfs image on tftp server with IP 192.168.1.2
2. Attach UART, switch on the router and interrupt the boot process by
pressing 'Ctrl-C'
3. Load and run OpenWrt initramfs image:
tftpboot openwrt-mediatek-filogic-tplink_re6000xd-initramfs-kernel.bin bootm
4. Run 'sysupgrade -n' with the sysupgrade OpenWrt image
Notice: while I was successfull at activating ssh (as described
here:
https://www.lisenet.com/2023/gaining-ssh-access-to-tp-link-re200-wi-fi-range-extender/)
Unfortunately I haven't found the correct root password.
Looks like they are using a static password
(md5crypt, salt + 21 characters) that is not the web
interface admin password.
The TP-LINK RE900XD looks like the very same device,
according to the pictures and the firmware.
But I haven't checked if the OpenWrt firmware works as well
on that device.
The second ubi partition (ubi1) is empty and there is no known
dual-partition mechanism, neither in u-boot nor in the stock firmware.
Signed-off-by: Dirk Buchwalder <buchwalder@posteo.de>
Re-enable FIT signature verification since we switched to use hyphen
for node name separators in commit 2b133ab19c ("scripts: use sep-char for hash nodes").
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@immortalwrt.org>
use u-boot-rockchip.bin to copy SPL/TPL/U-Boot to the image.
since binman was used in mainline u-boot for rockchip, we can use
u-boot-rockchip.bin instead of idbloader.img and u-boot.itb.
Reviewed-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@immortalwrt.org>
Signed-off-by: FUKAUMI Naoki <naoki@radxa.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15815
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
MikroTik RB5009 uses RouterBoot as its bootloader like all MikroTik devices
running RouterOS, meaning that its not FIT compatible and can only boot
ELF images.
Now this is not so much of an issue on ARM or MIPS since kernel supports
appending DTB-s to it (Or we patch the kernel to embed it), but on ARM64
there is intentionally no such support.
RouterBoot will pass a DTB, but its the broken MikroTik one which is a
modified reference DTB and incorrect in more places than its valid so we
cannot use it to boot our kernel.
Thus, the solution is to use an intermediary loader and luckily for us
Armada 7040 is well supported in U-Boot which makes it a great option since
it supports anything that we will ever need to boot.
Upstream U-Boot currently requires the Armada boards to be converted to
OF_UPSTREAM before adding anything new and this requires updating all of
the drivers to accomodate the Linux DTS, while I plan to do this eventually
we will need to keep this board downstream for now.
Most stuff is supported in U-Boot, including networking since the switch
is preconfigured by RouterBoot.
A custom environment is used to try and boot from the following devices:
1. NAND (UBI)
2. USB
3. Networking
If NAND boot fails then U-Boot will attempt to boot OpenWrt initramfs from
USB or via networking.
There is a manual recovery mechanism implemented where if the reset button
is held when U-Boot is booting it will try to boot OpenWrt initramfs from:
1. USB
2. Networking
When U-Boot is in recovery mode it will light all of the LED-s except the
switch ones.
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15765
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
Add two patches to fix compile errors being repeatedly seen on OpenWrt CI.
The first is an upstream backport to fix this i386-related error:
x86_64-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc -mcmodel=large -I./purgatory/include
-I./purgatory/arch/x86_64/include -I./util_lib/include -I./include -Iinclude
-I/builder/shared-workdir/build/sdk/staging_dir/toolchain-x86_64_gcc-13.3.0_musl/lib/gcc/x86_64-openwrt-linux-musl/13.3.0/include
-c -MD -o purgatory/arch/i386/entry32-16.o purgatory/arch/i386/entry32-16.S
purgatory/arch/i386/entry32-16.S: Assembler messages:
purgatory/arch/i386/entry32-16.S:23: Error: 64bit mode not supported on `i386'.
The second addresses an error using basename() on musl libc:
kexec/arch/i386/x86-linux-setup.c: In function 'add_edd_entry':
kexec/arch/i386/x86-linux-setup.c:332:20: warning: implicit declaration of function 'basename' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
332 | if (sscanf(basename(sysfs_name), "int13_dev%hhx", &devnum) != 1) {
| ^~~~~~~~
kexec/arch/i386/x86-linux-setup.c:332:20: warning: passing argument 1 of 'sscanf' makes pointer from integer without a cast [-Wint-conversion]
332 | if (sscanf(basename(sysfs_name), "int13_dev%hhx", &devnum) != 1) {
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| |
| int
...
Fixes: #14621
Signed-off-by: Tony Ambardar <itugrok@yahoo.com>
The gpio is actually low active, fix it.
Fixes: 40e7fab9e4 ("mediatek: add Nokia EA0326GMP support")
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@immortalwrt.org>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15651
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
Hardware specification:
SoC: MediaTek MT7981B 2x A53
Flash: 128 MB SPI-NAND
RAM: 256MB
Ethernet: 4x 10/100/1000 Mbps
Switch: MediaTek MT7531AE
WiFi: MediaTek MT7976C
Button: Reset, WPS/Mesh
Power: DC 12V 1A
Gain SSH access:
1. Login into web interface, and download the configuration.
2. Download the configration utilities:
https://firmware.download.immortalwrt.eu.org/cnsztl/mediatek/filogic/openwrt-mediatek-mt7981-nokia-ea0326gmp-config-utils.tar.gz
These binaries are extraced from the factory firmware, which are
dynamically linked with aarch64 musl 1.1.24. To use them, you
must run them under the same runtime environment, otherwise the
binaries will not work properly!
3. Upload the configuration and utilities to a suitable environment.
4. Uncompress the utilities, move them to '/bin' and give them executable permisison:
tar -zxf openwrt-mediatek-mt7981-nokia-ea0326gmp-config-utils.tar.gz
mv mkconfig seama /bin
chmod +x /bin/mkconfig
chmod +x /bin/seama
5. Decrypt and uncompress the configuration:
Enter fakeroot if you are not login as root.
mkconfig -a de-enca -m EA0326GMP_3FE79221BAAA -i EA0326GMP_3FE79221BAAA-xxxxxxxx-backup.tar.gz -o backup.tar.gz
tar -zxf backup.tar.gz
6. Edit 'etc/config/dropbear', set 'enable' to '1'.
7. Edit 'etc/passwd', remove root password: 'root::1:0:99999:7:::'.
8. Repack the configuration:
tar -zcf backup.tar.gz etc/
mkconfig -a enca -m EA0326GMP_3FE79221BAAA -i backup.tar.gz -o EA0326GMP_3FE79221BAAA-xxxxxxxx-backup.tar.gz
9. Upload new configuration via web interface, now you can SSH to EA0326GMP.
A minimum configuration which enabled SSH access is also provided
to simplify the process:
https://firmware.download.immortalwrt.eu.org/cnsztl/mediatek/filogic/openwrt-mediatek-mt7981-nokia-ea0326gmp-enable-ssh.tar.gz
Flash instructions:
1. SSH to EA0326GMP, backup everything, especially 'Factory' part.
2. Write new BL2:
mtd write openwrt-mediatek-filogic-nokia_ea0326gmp-preloader.bin BL2
3. Write new FIP:
mtd write openwrt-mediatek-filogic-nokia_ea0326gmp-bl31-uboot.fip FIP
4. Set static IP on your PC:
IP 192.168.1.254/24, GW 192.168.1.1
5. Serve OpenWrt initramfs image using TFTP server.
6. Cut off the power and re-engage, wait for TFTP recovery to complete.
7. After OpenWrt has booted, perform sysupgrade.
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@immortalwrt.org>
Dont allow x2 read and cache read operations on FM35Q1GA as they seem
to be unstable. Also the Linux drivers does not allow x2 ops.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
Import pending patches to set pinconf settings for SPI-NAND pins on
MT7622 identical to what the old proprietary preloader did.
Should further increase the reliability of some SNFI-attached SPI-NAND
flash chips.
Link: https://github.com/mtk-openwrt/arm-trusted-firmware/pull/7
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
Update ARM TrustedFirmware-A to the most recent release of
MediaTek downstream patched version released 2024-01-17.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
U-Boot 2024.04 for tegra needs swig installed on the host, this
dependency is only checked if UBOOT_USE_INTREE_DTC is set. add the
missing definition.
Fixes: 6832faf340 ("uboot-tegra: bump version to 2024.04")
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Dual-slot NAS based on Marvell Kirkwood.
Specifications:
- Marvell 88F6702 @1GHz
- 256Mb RAM
- 128Mb NAND
- 1x GbE LAN (Marvell 88E1318R)
- 1x USB 2.0
- 2x SATA
- Weltrend WT69P3 ("supervisor" MCU chip)
- Serial on J2 (115200,8n1)
- Newer bootROM so kwboot-ing via serial is possible
Notes:
- The Weltrend MCU is controlled by the package added in utils/dns320l-mcu.
- The original MAC address is stored in the "mini firmware" image's first
17 bytes.
- Compared to the original MTD layout, the uImage+rootfs are now stored in
a common ubi partition.
Installation:
1. Serial console
- Connect your levelshifter to the serial console
on J2 (refer to the wiki page for pinout)
2. Update u-boot
- Download the u-boot.kwb image for the device
- Powercycle the NAS
- Run "kwboot -b u-boot-dns320l/u-boot.kwb /dev/ttyUSB0 -p"
- Connect to the serial console with minicom
- tftp 0x0800000 u-boot-dns320l/u-boot.kwb
(Please note that "PHY reset timed out" seems to be customary
on kirkwood devices, the egiga0 interface works regardless.)
- nand erase 0x0 100000
- nand write 0x0800000 0x0 0x100000
- reset
3. Install OpenWrt
- Boot up the initramfs image
- tftpboot 0x800000 openwrt-kirkwood-generic-dlink_dns320l-initramfs-uImage; bootm 0x800000
- Download the sysupgrade image and perform sysupgrade
Signed-off-by: Zoltan HERPAI <wigyori@uid0.hu>
Reviewed-by: Pawel Dembicki <paweldembicki@gmail.com>
Dell/SonicWall APL26-0AE (marketed as SonicPoint ACe) is a dual band
wireless access point. End of life as of 2022-07-31.
Specification
SoC: QualcommAtheros QCA9550
RAM: 256 MB DDR2
Flash: 32 MB SPI NOR
WIFI: 2.4 GHz 3T3R integrated
5 GHz 3T3R QCA9890 oversized Mini PCIe card
Ethernet: 2x 10/100/1000 Mbps QCA8334
port labeled lan1 is PoE capable (802.3at)
USB: 1x 2.0
LEDs: LEDs: 6x which 5 are GPIO controlled and two of them are dual color
Buttons: 2x GPIO controlled
Serial: RJ-45 port, SonicWall pinout
baud: 115200, parity: none, flow control: none
Before flashing, be sure to have a copy of factory firmware, in case You
wish to revert to original firmware.
All described procedures were done in following environment:
ROM Version: SonicROM (U-Boot) 8.0.0.0-11o
SafeMode Firmware Version: SonicOS 8.0.0.0-14o
Firmware Version: SonicOS 9.0.1.0
In case of other versions, following installation instructions might be
ineffective.
Installation
1. Prepare TFTP server with OpenWrt sysupgrade image and rename that
image to "sp_fw.bin".
2. Connect to one of LAN ports.
3. Connect to serial port.
4. Hold the reset button (small through hole on side of the unit),
power on the device and when prompted to stop autoboot, hit any key.
The held button can now be released.
5. Alter U-Boot environment with following commands:
setenv bootcmd bootm 0x9F110000
saveenv
6. Adjust "ipaddr" (access point, default is 192.168.1.1) and "serverip"
(TFTP server, default is 192.168.1.10) addresses in U-Boot
environment, then run following commands:
tftp 0x80060000 sp_fw.bin
erase 0x9F110000 +0x1EF0000
cp.b 0x80060000 0x9F110000 $filesize
7. After successful flashing, execute:
boot
8. The access point will boot to OpenWrt. Wait few minutes, until the
wrench LED will stop blinking, then it's ready for configuration.
Known issues
Initramfs image can't be bigger than specified kernel size, otherwise
bootloader will throw LZMA decompressing error. Switching to lzma-loader
should workaround that.
This device has Winbond 25Q256FVFG and doesn't have reliable reset, which
causes hang on reboot, thus broken-flash-reset needs to be added. This
property addition causes dispaly of "scary" warning on each boot, take
this warnig into consideration.
Signed-off-by: Tomasz Maciej Nowak <tmn505@gmail.com>
Add support for ELECOM WRC-X1800GS on uboot-envtools, to update
bootmenu_delay variable on sysupgrade.
Signed-off-by: INAGAKI Hiroshi <musashino.open@gmail.com>
Common specifications:
* Mediatek MT7988A (4x Cortex-A73, up to 1.8 GHz clock speed)
* 8 GiB eMMC
* 2 GiB DDR4 RAM
* 1x 10000M/1000M/100M + 3x 1000M/100M/10M LAN ports
* MT7996 Tri-band (2.4G, 5G, 6G) 4T4R 802.11be Wi-Fi
* Airoha AG3352 GPS
* Renesas DA14531MOD Bluetooth
* 2 buttons (Reset, Mesh/WPS)
* uC-controlled RGB LED via I2C
* 2x LED for each 1G port, 3x LED for each 10G port
* USB 3.0 type A port
* 3.3V-level 115200 baud UART console via 4-pin Dupont connector
exposed at the bottom of the device
* USB-C PD power input
SDG-8733: 1x 10000M/1000M/100M WAN port
SDG-8734: 1x USXGMII/10GBase-R/5GBase-R/2500Base-X/1000Base-X/SGMII SFP+
Both models are also available in versions including 2x FXS POTS interfaces
for analog phones. Those interfaces are not supported by OpenWrt.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
This commit adds support for Netgear Orbi Pro SXR80 and SXS80 (collectively known as SXK80)
Specifications:
---------------
* CPU: Qualcomm IPQ8074A Quad core Cortex-A53
* RAM: 1024MB
* Storage: SPI-NAND 512 MiB (Winbond W29N04GZ)
* Ethernet: 4x 1G RJ45 ports (QCA8075) 1x 2.5G RJ45 LAN/WAN (QCA8081)
* WLAN:
- 2.4 GHz: Qualcomm QCN5024 4x4
- 2x 5 GHz: Qualcomm QCN5054 4x4 (second radio high channels only)
* LEDs:
- Power: (Green and red)
- Front: (Blue, green, red and white)
* Buttons:
- 1x Soft reset
- 1x Sync/WPS
* Power: 12V DC Jack
Installation instructions (Telnet):
-----------------------------------
*Note, this guide assumes SXR80, for SXS80 change the firmware file name as appropriate
1. Put firmware file openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-netgear_sxr80-initramfs-uImage.itb in root of TFTP server available at 192.168.1.10.
2. Enable telnet by going to http://[ip of device]/debug.htm and clicking on the tickbox 'Enable telnet'
3. Telnet into the device and login using the same username and password as the web interface:
4. Run the following command:
`fw_setenv bootcmd 'env default -a; saveenv; reset'`
5. Reboot the router, once the web interface is available again re-enable telnet via http://[ip of device]/debug.htm and telnet into the device.
6. Run the following command:
`fw_printenv`
It should look similar to the below:
```
baudrate=115200
bootargs=console=ttyMSM0,115200n8
bootcmd=mii write 0x0 0x0 0x800; sleep 1; nmrp; bootdni; boot_DNI_secureboot
bootdelay=2
ipaddr=192.168.1.1
netmask=255.255.255.0
serverip=192.168.1.10
soc_version_major=2
soc_version_minor=0
```
**If you see the message:**
`Warning: Bad CRC, using default environment`
**DO NOT CONTINUE, YOU WILL BRICK YOUR DEVICE**
7. Run the following command:
`fw_setenv originalboot 'mii write 0x0 0x0 0x800; sleep 1; nmrp; bootdni; boot_DNI_secureboot'`
(This should match what's in the bootcmd variable displayed in step 6)
8. Run the following commands:
```
fw_setenv wrttftp 'mii write 0x0 0x0 0x800; sleep 1; nmrp; if tftpboot openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-netgear_sxr80-initramfs-uImage.itb; then bootm; fi; bootdni; boot_DNI_secureboot'
fw_setenv wrtboot 'mii write 0x0 0x0 0x800; sleep 1; nmrp; nand read 0x40000000 0x1980000 0x06d00000; bootm 0x40000000'
fw_setenv bootcmd 'run wrttftp'
```
9. Ensure SXR/S device is attached via ethernet (LAN port) to the same ethernet segment as the TFTP server.
10. Reboot the device, it should reboot into OpenWrt and be available on 192.168.1.1
11. Once OpenWrt has booted, update the bootcmd using the following command:
`fw_setenv bootcmd 'run wrtboot'`
12. Flash the sysupgrade image
13. It should boot into OpenWrt
References to SXK80 GPL source:
https://www.downloads.netgear.com/files/GPL/SXK80-V3.2.0.108_gpl_src.tar.bz2.zip
Signed-off-by: Flole Systems <flole@flole.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Smith <gul.code@outlook.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/14939
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
Add ubi volumes for mt7988a-rfb and support for using factory data
for Ethernet MAC addresses and MT7996 WLAN calibration data.
Also add rootdisk handle. Removes the need to keep using nmbm
Signed-off-by: Felix Fietkau <nbd@nbd.name>
Since swig is mentioned as build dependency and buildbots have it
installed we can safely bump version.
Signed-off-by: Tomasz Maciej Nowak <tmn505@gmail.com>
Hardware specification:
========
SoC: Qualcomm IPQ8072A
Flash: 512MB (Fidelix FMND4G08S3J-ID)
RAM: 1GB (2x Kingston DDR3L D2516ECMDXGJD)
Ethernet: 1x 10/100/1000/2500/5000Mbps (Marvell AQR114C)
Ethernet: 4x 10/100/1000Mbps (Qualcomm QCA8075)
WiFi1: 6GHz ax 4x4 (Qualcomm QCN9024 + Skyworks SKY85784-11) - channels 33-229
WiFi2: 5GHz ax 4x4 (Qualcomm QCN5054 + Skyworks SKY85755-11) - channels 36-177
WiFi3: 2.4GHz ax 4x4 (Qualcomm QCN5024 + Skyworks SKY8340-11)
IoT: Bluetooth 5, Zigbee and Thread (NXP K32W041)
LED: 1x RGB status (NXP PCA9633)
USB: 1x USB 3.0
Button: WPS, Reset
Flash instructions:
========
1. Manually upgrade firmware using openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-squashfs-factory.bin image.
More details can be found here: https://www.linksys.com/support-article?articleNum=47547
After first boot check actual partition:
- fw_printenv -n boot_part
and install firmware on second partition using command in case of 2:
- mtd -r -e kernel -n write openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-squashfs-factory.bin kernel
and in case of 1:
- mtd -r -e alt_kernel -n write openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-squashfs-factory.bin alt_kernel
2. Installation using serial connection from OEM firmware (default login: root, password: admin):
- fw_printenv -n boot_part
In case of 2:
- flash_erase /dev/mtd21 0 0
- nandwrite -p /dev/mtd21 openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-squashfs-factory.bin
or in case of 1:
- flash_erase /dev/mtd23 0 0
- nandwrite -p /dev/mtd23 openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-squashfs-factory.bin
After first boot install firmware on second partition:
- mtd -r -e kernel -n write openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-squashfs-factory.bin kernel
or:
- mtd -r -e alt_kernel -n write openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-squashfs-factory.bin alt_kernel
3. Installation from initramfs image using USB drive:
Put the initramfs image on the USB drive:
- dd bs=1M if=openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-initramfs-uImage.itb of=/dev/sda
Stop u-boot and run:
- usb start && usbboot $loadaddr 0 && bootm $loadaddr
Write firmware to the flash from initramfs:
- mtd -e kernel -n write openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-squashfs-factory.bin kernel
and:
- mtd -r -e alt_kernel -n write openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-squashfs-factory.bin alt_kernel
4. Back to the OEM firmware:
- mtd -e kernel -n write FW_MX8500_1.0.11.208937_prod.img kernel
and:
- mtd -r -e alt_kernel -n write FW_MX8500_1.0.11.208937_prod.img alt_kernel
5. USB recovery:
Put the initramfs image on the USB:
- dd bs=1M if=openwrt-qualcommax-ipq807x-linksys_mx8500-initramfs-uImage.itb of=/dev/sda
Set u-boot env:
- fw_setenv bootusb 'usb start && usbboot $loadaddr 0 && bootm $loadaddr'
- fw_setenv bootcmd 'run bootusb; if test $auto_recovery = no; then bootipq; elif test $boot_part = 1; then run bootpart1; else run bootpart2; fi'
AQR firmware:
========
1. Firmware loading:
To properly load the firmware and initialize AQR PHY, we must use the u-boot aq_load_fw function.
To do this, you need to modify u-boot env:
With USB recovery:
- fw_setenv bootcmd 'aq_load_fw; run bootusb; if test $auto_recovery = no; then bootipq; elif test $boot_part = 1; then run bootpart1; else run bootpart2; fi'
and without:
- fw_setenv bootcmd 'aq_load_fw; if test $auto_recovery = no; then bootipq; elif test $boot_part = 1; then run bootpart1; else run bootpart2; fi'
2. Firmware updating:
Newer firmware (AQR-G4_v5.6.5-AQR_WNC_SAQA-L2_GT_ID45287_VER24005.cld) is available in the latest OEM firmware.
To load this firmware via u-boot, we need to add the MBN header and update 0:ethphyfw partition.
For MBN header we can use script from this repository: https://github.com/testuser7/aqr_mbn_tool
- python aqr_mbn_tool.py AQR-G4_v5.6.5-AQR_WNC_SAQA-L2_GT_ID45287_VER24005.cld
To update partition we need to install kmod-mtd-rw package first:
- insmod mtd-rw.ko i_want_a_brick=1
- mtd -e /dev/mtd26 -n write aqr_fw.mbn /dev/mtd26
Signed-off-by: Paweł Owoc <frut3k7@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/14883
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
FCC ID: A8J-EWS660AP
Engenius ENS1750 is an outdoor wireless access point with
2 gigabit ethernet ports, dual-band wireless,
internal antenna plates, and 802.3at PoE+
Engenius EWS660AP, ENS1750, and ENS1200 are "electrically identical,
different model names are for marketing purpose" according to docs
provided by Engenius to the FCC.
**Specification:**
- QCA9558 SOC 2.4 GHz, 3x3
- QCA9880 WLAN mini PCIe card, 5 GHz, 3x3, 26dBm
- AR8035-A PHY RGMII GbE with PoE+ IN
- AR8033 PHY SGMII GbE with PoE+ OUT
- 40 MHz clock
- 16 MB FLASH MX25L12845EMI-10G
- 2x 64 MB RAM
- UART at J1 populated, RX grounded
- 6 internal antenna plates (5 dbi, omni-directional)
- 5 LEDs, 1 button (power, eth0, eth1, 2G, 5G) (reset)
**MAC addresses:**
Base MAC addressed labeled as "MAC"
Only one Vendor MAC address in flash
eth0 *:d4 MAC art 0x0
eth1 *:d5 --- art 0x0 +1
phy1 *:d6 --- art 0x0 +2
phy0 *:d7 --- art 0x0 +3
**Serial Access:**
the RX line on the board for UART is shorted to ground by resistor R176
therefore it must be removed to use the console
but it is not necessary to remove to view boot log
optionally, R175 can be replaced with a solder bridge short
the resistors R175 and R176 are next to the UART RX pin
**Installation:**
2 ways to flash factory.bin from OEM:
Method 1: Firmware upgrade page:
OEM webpage at 192.168.1.1
username and password "admin"
Navigate to "Firmware Upgrade" page from left pane
Click Browse and select the factory.bin image
Upload and verify checksum
Click Continue to confirm and wait 3 minutes
Method 2: Serial to load Failsafe webpage:
After connecting to serial console and rebooting...
Interrupt uboot with any key pressed rapidly
execute `run failsafe_boot` OR `bootm 0x9fd70000`
wait a minute
connect to ethernet and navigate to
"192.168.1.1/index.htm"
Select the factory.bin image and upload
wait about 3 minutes
**Return to OEM:**
If you have a serial cable, see Serial Failsafe instructions
otherwise, uboot-env can be used to make uboot load the failsafe image
ssh into openwrt and run
`fw_setenv rootfs_checksum 0`
reboot, wait 3 minutes
connect to ethernet and navigate to 192.168.1.1/index.htm
select OEM firmware image from Engenius and click upgrade
**TFTP recovery:**
Requires serial console, reset button does nothing
rename initramfs.bin to '0101A8C0.img'
make available on TFTP server at 192.168.1.101
power board, interrupt boot
execute tftpboot and bootm 0x81000000
**Format of OEM firmware image:**
The OEM software of ENS1750 is a heavily modified version
of Openwrt Kamikaze. One of the many modifications
is to the sysupgrade program. Image verification is performed
simply by the successful ungzip and untar of the supplied file
and name check and header verification of the resulting contents.
To form a factory.bin that is accepted by OEM Openwrt build,
the kernel and rootfs must have specific names...
openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ens1750-uImage-lzma.bin
openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ens1750-root.squashfs
and begin with the respective headers (uImage, squashfs).
Then the files must be tarballed and gzipped.
The resulting binary is actually a tar.gz file in disguise.
This can be verified by using binwalk on the OEM firmware images,
ungzipping then untaring.
Newer EnGenius software requires more checks but their script
includes a way to skip them, otherwise the tar must include
a text file with the version and md5sums in a deprecated format.
The OEM upgrade script is at /etc/fwupgrade.sh.
OKLI kernel loader is required because the OEM software
expects the kernel to be no greater than 1536k
and the factory.bin upgrade procedure would otherwise
overwrite part of the kernel when writing rootfs.
Note on PLL-data cells:
The default PLL register values will not work
because of the external AR8035 switch between
the SOC and the ethernet port.
For QCA955x series, the PLL registers for eth0 and eth1
can be see in the DTSI as 0x28 and 0x48 respectively.
Therefore the PLL registers can be read from uboot
for each link speed after attempting tftpboot
or another network action using that link speed
with `md 0x18050028 1` and `md 0x18050048 1`.
The clock delay required for RGMII can be applied
at the PHY side, using the at803x driver `phy-mode`.
Therefore the PLL registers for GMAC0
do not need the bits for delay on the MAC side.
This is possible due to fixes in at803x driver
since Linux 5.1 and 5.3
Tested-by: Kevin Abraham <kevin@westhousefarm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Abraham <kevin@westhousefarm.com>
With the switch from the uImage.FIT partition parser to fitblk the
cmdline needs to be adjusted as well. Do this now as it has been
forgotten when the switch was done.
Fixes: 6368ed1ae5 ("mediatek: mt7623: phase out uImage.FIT partition parser")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
This has been tested on two of my Unifi 6 LR v2s:
```bash
$ fw_printenv # before
Cannot parse config file '/etc/fw_env.config': No such file or directory
$ cat /etc/fw_env.config
/dev/mtd3 0x0000 0x1000 0x1000 1
$ fw_printenv
arch=arm
baudrate=115200
board=mt7622_evb
board_name=mt7622_evb
bootcmd=bootubnt
bootdelay=3
bootfile=uImage
cpu=armv7
device_model=U6-LR
ethact=mtk_eth
ethaddr=<redacted>
ethcard=AQR112C
ipaddr=<redacted>
is_default=true
loadaddr=0x5007FF28
macaddr=<redacted>
serverip=<redacted>
soc=mt7622
stderr=serial
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
vendor=mediatek
is_ble_stp=true
```
I had to reverse-engineer the working settings above to the UCI script.
Signed-off-by: Joel Low <joel@joelsplace.sg>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/13897
Signed-off-by: Christian Marangi <ansuelsmth@gmail.com>
This adds support for the bpi-r4 variant with internal 2.5G PHY and
additional ethernet port instead of second sfp.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schiller <ms@dev.tdt.de>
This adds support for the bpi-r4 variant with internal 2.5G PHY and
additional ethernet port instead of second sfp.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schiller <ms@dev.tdt.de>
Hardware:
=========
SOC: Qualcomm IPQ4019
WiFi 1: QCA4019 IEEE 802.11b/g/n
WiFi 2: QCA4019 IEEE 802.11a/n/ac
WiFi 3: QCA9886 IEEE 802.11a/n/ac
Bluetooth: Qualcomm CSR8510 (A10)
Zigbee: Silicon Labs EM3581 NCP + Skyworks SE2432L
Ethernet: Qualcomm Atheros QCA8072 (2-port)
Flash: Samsung KLM4G1FEPD (4GB eMMC)
RAM (NAND): 512MB
LED Controller: NXP PCA9633 (I2C)
Buttons: Single reset button (GPIO).
Ethernet:
=========
The device has 2 ethernet ports, configured as follows by default:
- left port: WAN
- right port: LAN
Wifi:
=====
The Wifi radios are turned off by default. To configure the router,
you will need to connect your computer to the LAN port of the device.
Bluetooth and Zigbee:
=====================
Configuration included but not tested.
Storage:
========
For compatibility with stock firmware, all of OpenWrt runs in a 136 MiB
eMMC partition (of which there are two copies, see below). You can also
use partition /dev/mmcblk0p19 "syscfg" (3.4 GiB) any way you see fit.
During very limited tests, stock firmware did not mount this partition.
However, backing up its stock content before use is recommended anyway.
Firmware:
=========
The device uses a dual firmware mechanism: it automatically reverts to
the previous firmware after 3 failed boot attempts.
You can switch to the inactive firmware copy by changing the "boot_part"
U-Boot environment variable. You can also do it by turning on the device
for a couple of seconds and then back off, 3 times in a row.
Installation:
=============
OpenWrt's "factory" image can be installed via the stock web UI:
1. Login to the UI. (The default password is printed on the label.)
2. Enter support mode by clicking on the "CA" link at the bottom.
3. Click "Connectivity", "Choose file", "Start", and ignore warnings.
This port is based on work done by flipy (https://github.com/flipy).
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Balerdi <lanchon@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/15345
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
Upgrade the OpenSBI firmware used by RISC-V CPUs to 1.4.
Runtime-tested:
- d1 (Lichee RV)
- sifiveu (SiFive Unleashed)
Updates since last release:
1.4:
Synopsys DesignWare APB GPIO driver
Zicntr and Zihpm support
Console print improvements
Smepmp support
Simple FDT based syscon regmap driver
Syscon based reboot and poweroff driver
Non-contiguous hpm counters
Smcntrpmf support
Full sparse hartid support
IPI improvements
RFENCE improvements
Zkr support
Andes custom PMU support
1.3.1:
ACLINT driver fix for disabled CPUs
SBI PMU fix for out-of-bound access
Designware GPIO driver
1.3:
Allow platform to influence cold boot HART selection
Starfive JH7110 platform support
Split RX and RW firmware regions
Advertise non-retentive suspend for allwinner D1 platform
Byteorder/endianness conversion macros
SBI debug console extension (Experimental)
Configure the PMA regions for RZ/Five platform
SBI system suspend extension (Experimental)
SBI PMU platform firmware events (Experimental)
SBI CPPC extension (Experimental)
Optimized remote TLB flushes
Simple heap for boot time memory allocations
Bring back no-map DT property for reserved memory nodes
Signed-off-by: Zoltan HERPAI <wigyori@uid0.hu>
This is needed to boot the BCM6238-based Inteno XG6846.
Currently this is restricted to the XG6846 board.
Reviewed-by: Paul Donald <newtwen+github@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Well, it seems that cryptopp hash was never refreshed since calling
make package/boot/arm-trusted-firmware-mvebu/check FIXUP=1 V=s does not
actually refresh the download calls hashes so refresh it manually.
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robert.marko@sartura.hr>
Since ("download: don't overwrite VERSION variable") trying to download the
required sources for mvebu ATF will fail with:
Makefile:247: *** Download/mox-boot-builder is missing the SOURCE_VERSION field.. Stop.
This also broke the buildbot mvebu/cortex-a53 builds.
So, fix it by switching to SOURCE_VERSION instead.
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robert.marko@sartura.hr>
uboot-envtools is currently missing config for Edgerouter-X
and its not immediately obvious what settings to manually
apply.
Provide default configuration for envtools on Edgerouter-X.
Signed-off-by: Tim Lunn <tim@feathertop.org>
The Upstream Linux community has discontinued support for the target.
Maintaining support for it downstream would require too much effort.
Moreover, it seems that the supported hardware is no longer deemed worthy
of it.
Signed-off-by: Nick Hainke <vincent@systemli.org>
Spectrum SAX1V1K is a AX WIFI router with 3 1G and 1 2.5G ports.
The router is provided to Spectrum customers.
It is OEM of Askey RT5010W
https://forum.openwrt.org/t/spectrum-sax1v1k-askey-rt5010w-openwrt-support/149923
It continues the original work by @MeisterLone to get this device supported.
Specifications:
```
• CPU: Qualcomm IPQ8072A Quad core Cortex-A53 2.2GHz
• RAM: 2048MB of DDR3
• Storage: 1024MB eMMC
• Ethernet: 3x 1G RJ45 ports (QCA8075) + 1 2.5G Port (QCA8081)
• WLAN:
• 2.4GHz: Qualcomm QCN5024 4x4 802.11b/g/n/ax 1174 Mbps PHY rate
• 5GHz: Qualcomm QCN5054 4x4 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax 2402 PHY rate
• LED: 1 gpio-controlled dual color led (blue/red)
• Buttons: 1x reset
• Power: 12V DC jack
```
Notes:
```
• This commit adds only single partition support, that means
sysupgrade is upgrading the current rootfs partition.
• Installation can be done by serial connection only.
• A poulated serial header is onboard
https://forum.openwrt.org/t/spectrum-sax1v1k-askey-rt5010w-openwrt-support/149923/6
• RX/TX is working, u-boot bootwait is active, secure boot is enabled.
```
Installation Instructions:
**Most part of the installation is performed from an initramfs image.**
Boot initramfs : Using serial connection
1. Boot up the device and wait till it displays "VERIFY_IB: Success. verify IB ok"
2. Once that message appears,
login with username 'root'
password serial number of your router in uppercase.
3. Use vi to paste the 'open.sh' script from @MeisterLone github on your device
https://github.com/MeisterLone/Askey-RT5010W-D187-REV6/blob/master/Patch/open.sh
4. chmod 755 open.sh
5. ./open.sh
6. Set your ip to 192.168.0.1
7. Run a TFTP server and host the initramfs image on the TFTP server and name it "recovery.img"
8. Reboot device. On boot it will try TFTP.
Install OpenWrt from initramfs image:
1. Use SCP (or other way) to transfer OpenWrt factory image
2. Connect to device using SSH (on a LAN port)
3. Flash firmware: sysupgrade
# sysupgrade -n -v /tmp/openwrt_sysupgrade.bin
4. Set U-boot env variable: bootcmd
# fw_setenv bootcmd "run fix_uboot; run setup_and_boot"
5. Reboot the device
# reboot
6. Once device is booted, residue of previous firmware will prevent openwrt to work properly.
Factory Reset is MUST required
# Once serial console is displaying to login, hold reset button for 10 sec
7. Now everything should be operational.
Note: this PR adds only single partition support, that means sysupgrade is
upgrading the current rootfs partition
Signed-off-by: Connor Yoon <j_connor@taliaent.com>
Lets update to 2024.04 in order to drop all of the patches as they have
been merged upstream.
Tested on Methode eDPU.
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robert.marko@sartura.hr>
As commit 3ce1e4c3d3 ("d1: define subtarget specifically") added the
'generic' subtarget, without 'BUILD_SUBTARGET' the correspond U-Boot
package will be no longer selected automatically.
Fixes: 3ce1e4c3d3 ("d1: define subtarget specifically")
Signed-off-by: Tianling Shen <cnsztl@immortalwrt.org>
HW specifications:
* Mediatek MT7981A
* 256MB SPI-NAND
* 512MB DRAM
* Uplink: 1 x 10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet, Auto MDIX, RJ-45 with 802.3at
PoE (Built-in GBe PHY)
* LAN: 1 x 10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet, Auto MDIX, RJ-45 (Airoha EN8801SC)
* 1 Tricolor LED
* Reset button
* 12V/2.0A DC input
Installation:
Board comes with OpenWifi/TIP which is OpenWrt based, so sysupgrade can
be used directly over SSH.
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robert.marko@sartura.hr>
So, when updating the hash for at91bootstrap it was done via CHECK_ALL=1
so that updated the PKG_MIRROR_HASH for the main v4 version hash, but
at91bootstrap checkout version depends on the subtarget as well.
Choosing to build for sam9x will change the at91bootstrap version to v3
and this hash was not refreshed thus causing the CI to fail.
Fixes: 6918c637b7 ("treewide: package: update missed hashes after switch to ZSTD")
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
With the switch to ZSTD for git clone packaging, hashes have changed so
fixup remaining package hashes that were missed in the inital update.
Fixes: b3c1c57 ("treewide: update PKG_MIRROR_HASH to zst")
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
With the default BUILD_BOT configuration on a linux 6.6 kernel,
the WNDR4700's kernel no longer fits into the alloted ~3.5MiB,
even with LZMA compression.
Bigger kernels are possible, but there's a problem with Netgear's
"bootcmd":
> if loadn_dniimg 0 0x180000 0x4e0000 && chk_dniimg 0x4e0000; then nand read 0x800000 0x180000 0x20000;bootm 0x500000 - 0x800040;else fw_recovery; fi"
This loads the dni-image starting offset 0x180000 from the NAND
flash (which is the DTB partition) to 0x4e0000 in the RAM. It then
checks whenever the provided image is "valid". If it is then it
reads the DTB again to 0x800000 in the RAM and starts the extraction
and boot process. (If the image wasn't valid then it starts the
automated firmware recovery).
The issues here are that first: the kernel image gets "squeezed"
between 0x500040 and 0x7fffff... And second, the decompressor
only has area 0x0 - 0x500000 for decompression.
Hence the image now requires to update the bootcmd by providing
new values (which have been successfully tested with the original
Netgear WNDR4700 v1.0.0.56 firmware) for the RAM locations and
make full use of the fact that loadn_dniimg loads the DTB as well.
This needs to be done only once. Just connect a serial adapter to
interface with uboot and overwrite (and save) the new bootcmd.
WARNING: The serial port needs a TTL/RS-232 3.3v level converter!
Steps:
0. Power-off the WNDR4700
1. Connect the serial interface (you need to open the WNDR4700)
2. Power-up the WNDR4700
3. Monitor the boot-sequence and hit "Enter"-key when it says:
"Hit any key to stop autoboot" (Be quick, you have a ~2 second window)
4. in the Prompt enter the following commands (copy & paste)
setenv bootcmd "if loadn_dniimg 0 0x180000 0xce0000 && chk_dniimg 0xce0000; then bootm 0xd00000 - 0xce0040;else fw_recovery; fi"
saveenv
run bootcmd
Note: This new bootcmd will also unbrick devices that were bricked
by the bigger 4.19-6.1 kernels.
Note2: This method was tested with a WNDR4700. A big kernel with most
debug features enabled on v6.6.22 measured 4.30 MiB when compressed
with lzma. The uncompressed kernel is 12.34 MiB. This is over the 3 MiB,
the device reserves for the kernel... But it booted! For bigger kernels,
the device needs repartitioning of the the ubi partition due to the
kernel+dtb not fitting into the partition.
Note3: For initramfs development. I would advice to load the initramfs
images to 0x800000 (or higher). i.e.: tftp 800000 wndr4700.bin
Note4: the fw_recovery uboot command to transfer the factory image to
the flash still works.
Signed-off-by: Christian Lamparter <chunkeey@gmail.com>
Specification:
- MT7981 CPU using 2.4GHz and 5GHz WiFi (both AX)
- MT7531 switch
- 512MB RAM
- 128MB NAND flash with two UBI partitions with identical size
- 1 multi color LED (red, green, blue, white) connected via GCA230718
- 3 buttons (WPS, reset, LED on/off)
- 1 1Gbit WAN port
- 4 1Gbit LAN ports
Disassembly:
- There are four screws at the bottom: 2 under the rubber feets, 2 under the label.
- After removing the screws, the white plastic part can be shifted out of the blue part.
- Be careful because the antennas are mounted on the side and the top of the white part.
Serial Interface
- The serial interface can be connected to the 4 pin holes on the side of the board.
- Pins (from front to rear):
- 3.3V
- RX
- TX
- GND
- Settings: 115200, 8N1
MAC addresses:
- WAN MAC is stored in partition "Odm" at offset 0x81
- LAN (as printed on the device) is WAN MAC + 1
- WLAN MAC (2.4 GHz) is WAN MAC + 2
- WLAN MAC (5GHz) is WAN MAC + 3
Flashing via Recovery Web Interface:
- The recovery web interface always flashes to the currently active partition.
- If OpenWrt is flahsed to the second partition, it will not boot.
- Ensure that you have an OEM image available (encrypted and decrypted version). Decryption is described in the end.
- Set your IP address to 192.168.200.10, subnetmask 255.255.255.0
- Press the reset button while powering on the device
- Keep the reset button pressed until the LED blinks red
- Open a Chromium based and goto http://192.168.200.1 (recovery web interface)
- Download openwrt-mediatek-filogic-dlink_aquila-pro-ai-m30-a1-squashfs-recovery.bin
- The recovery web interface always reports successful flashing, even if it fails
- After flashing, the recovery web interface will try to forward the browser to 192.168.0.1 (can be ignored)
- If OpenWrt was flashed to the first partition, OpenWrt will boot (The status LED will start blinking white and stay white in the end). In this case you're done and can use OpenWrt.
- If OpenWrt was flashed to the second partition, OpenWrt won't boot (The status LED will stay red forever). In this case, the following steps are reuqired:
- Start the web recovery interface again and flash the **decrypted OEM image**. This will be flashed to the second partition as well. The OEM firmware web interface is afterwards accessible via http://192.168.200.1.
- Now flash the **encrypted OEM image** via OEM firmware web interface. In this case, the new firmware is flashed to the first partition. After flashing and the following reboot, the OEM firmware web interface should still be accessible via http://192.168.200.1.
- Start the web recovery interface again and flash the OpenWrt recovery image. Now it will be flashed to the first partition, OpenWrt will boot correctly afterwards and is accessible via 192.168.1.1.
Flashing via U-Boot:
- Open the case, connect to the UART console
- Set your IP address to 192.168.200.2, subnet mask 255.255.255.0. Connect to one of the LAN interfaces of the router
- Run a tftp server which provides openwrt-mediatek-filogic-dlink_aquila-pro-ai-m30-a1-initramfs-kernel.bin.
- Power on the device and select "7. Load image" in the U-Boot menu
- Enter image file, tftp server IP and device IP (if they differ from the default).
- TFTP download to RAM will start. After a few seconds OpenWrt initramfs should start
- The initramfs is accessible via 192.168.1.1, change your IP address accordingly (or use multiple IP addresses on your interface)
- Perform a sysupgrade using openwrt-mediatek-filogic-dlink_aquila-pro-ai-m30-a1-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin
- Reboot the device. OpenWrt should start from flash now
Revert back to stock using the Recovery Web Interface:
- Set your IP address to 192.168.200.2, subnetmask 255.255.255.0
- Press the reset button while powering on the device
- Keep the reset button pressed until the LED blinks red
- Open a Chromium based and goto http://192.168.200.1 (recovery web interface)
- Flash a decrypted firmware image from D-Link. Decrypting an firmware image is described below.
Decrypting a D-Link firmware image:
- Download https://github.com/RolandoMagico/firmware-utils/blob/M32/src/m32-firmware-util.c
- Compile a binary from the downloaded file, e.g. gcc m32-firmware-util.c -lcrypto -o m32-firmware-util
- Run ./m32-firmware-util M30 --DecryptFactoryImage <OriginalFirmware> <OutputFile>
- Example for firmware M30A1_FW101B05: ./m32-firmware-util M30 --DecryptFactoryImage M30A1_FW101B05\(0725091522\).bin M30A1_FW101B05\(0725091522\)_decrypted.bin
Flashing via OEM web interface is not possible, as it will change the active partition and OpenWrt is only running on the first UBI partition.
Controlling the LEDs:
- The LEDs are controlled by a chip called "GCA230718" which is connected to the main CPU via I2C (address 0x40)
- I didn't find any documentation or driver for it, so the information below is purely based on my investigations
- If there is already I driver for it, please tell me. Maybe I didn't search enough
- I implemented a kernel module (leds-gca230718) to access the LEDs via DTS
- The LED controller supports PWM for brightness control and ramp control for smooth blinking. This is not implemented in the driver
- The LED controller supports toggling (on -> off -> on -> off) where the brightness of the LEDs can be set individually for each on cycle
- Until now, only simple active/inactive control is implemented (like when the LEDs would have been connected via GPIO)
- Controlling the LEDs requires three sequences sent to the chip. Each sequence consists of
- A reset command (0x81 0xE4) written to register 0x00
- A control command (for example 0x0C 0x02 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xFF 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xFF 0x87 written to register 0x03)
- The reset command is always the same
- In the control command
- byte 0 is always the same
- byte 1 (0x02 in the example above) must be changed in every sequence: 0x02 -> 0x01 -> 0x03)
- byte 2 is set to 0x01 which disables toggling. 0x02 would be LED toggling without ramp control, 0x03 would be toggling with ramp control
- byte 3 to 6 define the brightness values for the LEDs (R,G,B,W) for the first on cycle when toggling
- byte 7 defines the toggling frequency (if toggling enabled)
- byte 8 to 11 define the brightness values for the LEDs (R,G,B,W) for the second on cycle when toggling
- byte 12 is constant 0x87
Comparison to M32/R32:
- The algorithms for decrypting the OEM firmware are the same for M30/M32/R32, only the keys differ
- The keys are available in the GPL sources for the M32
- The M32/R32 contained raw data in the firmware images (kernel, rootfs), the R30 uses a sysupgrade tar instead
- Creation of the recovery image is quite similar, only the header start string changes. So mostly takeover from M32/R32 for that.
- Turned out that the bytes at offset 0x0E and 0x0F in the recovery image header are the checksum over the data area
- This checksum was not checked in the recovery web interface of M32/R32 devices, but is now active in R30
- I adapted the recovery image creation to also calculate the checksum over the data area
- The recovery image header for M30 contains addresses which don't match the memory layout in the DTS. The same addresses are also present in the OEM images
- The recovery web interface either calculates the correct addresses from it or has it's own logic to determine where which information must be written
Signed-off-by: Roland Reinl <reinlroland+github@gmail.com>
Huawei AP5030DN is a dual-band, dual-radio 802.11ac Wave 1 3x3 MIMO
enterprise access point with two Gigabit Ethernet ports and PoE
support.
Hardware highlights:
- CPU: QCA9550 SoC at 720MHz
- RAM: 256MB DDR2
- Flash: 32MB SPI-NOR
- Wi-Fi 2.4GHz: QCA9550-internal radio
- Wi-Fi 5GHz: QCA9880 PCIe WLAN SoC
- Ethernet 1: 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet through Broadcom B50612E PHY
- Ethernet 2: 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet through Marvell 88E1510 PHY
- PoE: input through Ethernet 1 port
- Standalone 12V/2A power input
- Serial console externally available through RJ45 port
- External watchdog: SGM706 (1.6s timeout)
Serial console:
9600n8 (9600 baud, no stop bits, no parity, 8 data bits)
MAC addresses:
Each device has 32 consecutive MAC addresses allocated by
the vendor, which don't overlap between devices.
This was confirmed with multiple devices with consecutive
serial numbers.
The MAC address range starts with the address on the label.
To be able to distinguish between the interfaces,
the following MAC address scheme is used:
- eth0 = label MAC
- eth1 = label MAC + 1
- radio0 (Wi-Fi 5GHz) = label MAC + 2
- radio1 (Wi-Fi 2.4GHz) = label MAC + 3
Installation:
0. Connect some sort of RJ45-to-USB adapter to "Console" port of the AP
1. Power up the AP
2. At prompt "Press f or F to stop Auto-Boot in 3 seconds",
do what they say.
Log in with default admin password "admin@huawei.com".
3. Boot the OpenWrt initramfs from TFTP using the hidden script
"run ramboot". Replace IP address as needed:
> setenv serverip 192.168.1.10
> setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.1
> setenv rambootfile
openwrt-ath79-generic-huawei_ap5030dn-initramfs-kernel.bin
> saveenv
> run ramboot
4. Optional but recommended as the factory firmware cannot
be downloaded publicly:
Back up contents of "firmware" partition using the web interface or ssh:
$ ssh root@192.168.1.1 cat /dev/mtd11 > huawei_ap5030dn_fw_backup.bin
5. Run sysupgrade using sysupgrade image. OpenWrt
shall boot from flash afterwards.
Return to factory firmware (using firmware upgrade package downloaded from
non-public Huawei website):
1. Start a TFTP server in the directory where
the firmware upgrade package is located
2. Boot to u-boot as described above
3. Install firmware upgrade package and format the config partitions:
> update system FatAP5X30XN_SOMEVERSION.bin
> format_fs
Return to factory firmware (from previously created backup):
1. Copy over the firmware partition backup to /tmp,
for example using scp
2. Use sysupgrade with force to restore the backup:
sysupgrade -F huawei_ap5030dn_fw_backup.bin
3. Boot AP to U-Boot as described above
Quirks and known issues
-----------------------
- On initial power-up, the Huawei-modified bootloader suspends both
ethernet PHYs (it sets the "Power Down" bit in the MII control
register). Unfortunately, at the time of the initial port, the kernel
driver for the B50612E/BCM54612E PHY behind eth0 doesn't have a resume
callback defined which would clear this bit. This makes the PHY unusable
since it remains suspended forever. This is why the backported kernel
patches in this commit are required which add this callback and for
completeness also a suspend callback.
- The stock firmware has a semi dual boot concept where the primary
kernel uses a squashfs as root partition and the secondary kernel uses
an initramfs. This dual boot concept is circumvented on purpose to gain
more flash space and since the stock firmware's flash layout isn't
compatible with mtdsplit.
- The external watchdog's timeout of 1.6s is very hard to satisfy
during bootup. This is why the GPIO15 pin connected to the watchdog input
is configured directly in the LZMA loader to output the CPU_CLK/4 signal
which keeps the watchdog happy until the wdt-gpio kernel driver takes
over. Because it would also take too long to read the whole kernel image
from flash, the uImage header only includes the loader which then reads
the kernel image from flash after GPIO15 is configured.
Signed-off-by: Marco von Rosenberg <marcovr@selfnet.de>
[fixed 6.6 backport patch naming]
Signed-off-by: David Bauer <mail@david-bauer.net>
The uboot-envtools can automatically parse the dts 'u-boot,env'
compatible string. So the env config file is now useless.
Signed-off-by: Shiji Yang <yangshiji66@qq.com>
Key features:
Allwinner H618 SoC (Quad core Cortex-A53)
1/1.5/2/4 GiB LPDDR4 DRAM
1 USB 2.0 type C port (Power + OTG)
1 USB 2.0 host port
1Gbps Ethernet port
Micro-HDMI port
MicroSD slot
Installation:
Write the image to SD Card with dd.
Signed-off-by: Chukun Pan <amadeus@jmu.edu.cn>
This version supports LPDDR4 DRAM of H618 SoC.
Runtime-tested:
Olimex Olinuxino Micro (A20)
Orange Pi Zero 3 (H618)
Pine64 SoPine (A64)
Tested-by: Zoltan HERPAI <wigyori@uid0.hu>
Signed-off-by: Chukun Pan <amadeus@jmu.edu.cn>
With the change in version schema the downloaded files changed, too,
mostly the hash is now prefixed with a tilde `~` instead of a dash `-`.
Since each downloaded archive contains folder with the same name as the
archive, the checksum changed.
Signed-off-by: Paul Spooren <mail@aparcar.org>
Add support for Xiaomi Redmi AX6S to be used as a second-stage
UBI loader.
The defconfig/env is minimal: Boot fit from UBI. If that failed,
load and boot initramfs image from TFTP.
Signed-off-by: Chuanhong Guo <gch981213@gmail.com>
Dual-slot NAS based on Marvell Kirkwood.
Specifications:
- Marvell 88F6281 @1GHz
- 128Mb RAM
- 256Mb NAND
- 1x GbE LAN (Marvell 88E1116)
- 1x USB 2.0
- 2x SATA
- PCF8563 RTC
- LM75 sensor
- TC654 PWM fan controller
- Serial on J2 (115200,8n1)
- Newer bootROM so kwboot-ing via serial is possible
Installation:
1. Serial console
- Connect your levelshifter to the serial console
on J2 (refer to the wiki page for pinout)
2. Update u-boot
- Download the u-boot.kwb image for the device
- Powercycle the NAS
- Run "kwboot -b ./u-boot.kwb /dev/ttyUSB0 -p"
- Connect to the serial console with minicom
- tftp 0x0800000 netgear_stora-u-boot.kwb
- nand erase 0x0 100000
- nand write 0x0800000 0x0 0x100000
- reset
3. Install OpenWrt
- Boot up the initramfs image
- tftpboot 0x800000 openwrt-kirkwood-netgear_stora-initramfs-uImage; bootm 0x800000
- Download the sysupgrade image and perform sysupgrade
The fan is controlled in 3 stages by a script running every minute
from cron, measuring the CPU temperature.
Snippets taken from bodhi <mibodhi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Zoltan HERPAI <wigyori@uid0.hu>
Make sure patch sequence number is unique by moving patch
440-add-jdcloud_re-cp-03.patch -> 441-add-jdcloud_re-cp-03.patch
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
Contrary to common ipTIME NOR devices, the "Config" partition of T5004
and AX2004M contain normal U-Boot environment variables. Renaming the
partition into "u-boot-env" serves for better description, and it also
conforms to common naming practice in OpenWrt.
This patch might also be extended to A3004T, but its u-boot-env
partition layout has not been confirmed yet.
Signed-off-by: Sungbo Eo <mans0n@gorani.run>
Probing of the fitblk driver in some situations happens after Linux
attempts to mount rootfs, which then fails.
Always use 'rootwait' kernel parameter when using fitblk for rootfs.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
