Update dependencies

Signed-off-by: Ken Bannister <kb2ma@runbox.com>

.eslintignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/completion/*
+/bin/*

.eslintrc.js

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+module.exports = {
+	extends: ['./node_modules/@balena/lint/config/.eslintrc.js'],
+	parserOptions: {
+		project: 'tsconfig.dev.json',
+	},
+	root: true,
+	rules: {
+		ignoreDefinitionFiles: 0,
+		// to avoid the `warning  Forbidden non-null assertion  @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion`
+		'@typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion': 'off',
+		'@typescript-eslint/no-shadow': 'off',
+		'@typescript-eslint/no-var-requires': 'off',
+		'no-restricted-imports': [
+			'error',
+			{
+				paths: ['resin-cli-visuals', 'chalk', 'common-tags', 'resin-cli-form'],
+			},
+		],
+		'@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars': ['error', { argsIgnorePattern: '^_' }],
+	},
+};

.gitattributes

@@ -4,9 +4,13 @@
 *.* -eol
 
 *.sh text eol=lf
+.dockerignore eol=lf
+Dockerfile eol=lf
+Dockerfile.* eol=lf
+* text=auto eol=lf
 
 # lf for the docs as it's auto-generated and will otherwise trigger an uncommited error on windows
-doc/cli.markdown text eol=lf
+docs/balena-cli.md text eol=lf
 # crlf for the eol conversion test files
 tests/test-data/projects/docker-compose/basic/service2/file2-crlf.sh eol=crlf
 tests/test-data/projects/no-docker-compose/basic/src/windows-crlf.sh eol=crlf

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-* @balena-io/balena-cli

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ Please describe what actually happened instead:
   Examples:
 
 ```
-balena push myApp
+balena push myFleet
 balena push 192.168.0.12
-balena deploy myApp
-balena deploy myApp --build
-balena build . -a myApp
+balena deploy myFleet
+balena deploy myFleet --build
+balena build . -f myFleet
 balena build . -A armv7hf -d raspberrypi3
 ```
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ additional information. The `--logs` option reveals additional information for t
 
 ```
 balena build . --logs
-balena deploy myApp --build --logs
+balena deploy myFleet --build --logs
 ```
 
 # Steps to Reproduce the Problem

.github/actions/publish/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+---
+name: package and draft GitHub release
+# https://github.com/product-os/flowzone/tree/master/.github/actions
+inputs:
+  json:
+    description: 'JSON stringified object containing all the inputs from the calling workflow'
+    required: true
+  secrets:
+    description: 'JSON stringified object containing all the secrets from the calling workflow'
+    required: true
+  variables:
+    description: 'JSON stringified object containing all the variables from the calling workflow'
+    required: true
+
+  # --- custom environment
+  XCODE_APP_LOADER_EMAIL:
+    type: string
+    default: 'accounts+apple@balena.io'
+  NODE_VERSION:
+    type: string
+    default: '20.x'
+  VERBOSE:
+    type: string
+    default: 'true'
+
+runs:
+  # https://docs.github.com/en/actions/creating-actions/creating-a-composite-action
+  using: 'composite'
+  steps:
+    - name: Download custom source artifact
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@f44cd7b40bfd40b6aa1cc1b9b5b7bf03d3c67110 # v4.1.0
+      with:
+        name: custom-${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.event.head_commit.id }}-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+        path: ${{ runner.temp }}
+
+    - name: Extract custom source artifact
+      shell: pwsh
+      working-directory: .
+      run: tar -xf ${{ runner.temp }}/custom.tgz
+
+    - name: Setup Node.js
+      uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+      with:
+        node-version: ${{ inputs.NODE_VERSION }}
+        cache: npm
+
+    - name: Install additional tools
+      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        choco install yq
+
+    - name: Install additional tools
+      if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        brew install coreutils
+
+    # https://www.electron.build/code-signing.html
+    # https://github.com/Apple-Actions/import-codesign-certs
+    - name: Import Apple code signing certificate
+      if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+      uses: apple-actions/import-codesign-certs@v1
+      with:
+        p12-file-base64: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.secrets).APPLE_SIGNING }}
+        p12-password: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.secrets).APPLE_SIGNING_PASSWORD }}
+
+    - name: Import Windows code signing certificate
+      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      shell: powershell
+      run: |
+        Set-Content -Path ${{ runner.temp }}/certificate.base64 -Value $env:WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE
+        certutil -decode ${{ runner.temp }}/certificate.base64 ${{ runner.temp }}/certificate.pfx
+        Remove-Item -path ${{ runner.temp }} -include certificate.base64
+
+        Import-PfxCertificate `
+          -FilePath ${{ runner.temp }}/certificate.pfx `
+          -CertStoreLocation Cert:\CurrentUser\My `
+          -Password (ConvertTo-SecureString -String $env:WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD -Force -AsPlainText)
+
+      env:
+        WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.secrets).WINDOWS_SIGNING }}
+        WINDOWS_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.secrets).WINDOWS_SIGNING_PASSWORD }}
+
+    # https://github.com/product-os/scripts/tree/master/shared
+    # https://github.com/product-os/balena-concourse/blob/master/pipelines/github-events/template.yml
+    - name: Package release
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -ea
+
+        [[ '${{ inputs.VERBOSE }}' =~ on|On|Yes|yes|true|True ]] && set -x
+
+        runner_os="$(echo "${RUNNER_OS}" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
+        runner_arch="$(echo "${RUNNER_ARCH}" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
+
+        if [[ $runner_os =~ darwin|macos|osx ]]; then
+            CSC_KEY_PASSWORD=${{ fromJSON(inputs.secrets).APPLE_SIGNING_PASSWORD }}
+            CSC_KEYCHAIN=signing_temp
+            CSC_LINK=${{ fromJSON(inputs.secrets).APPLE_SIGNING }}
+
+        elif [[ $runner_os =~ windows|win ]]; then
+            CSC_KEY_PASSWORD=${{ fromJSON(inputs.secrets).WINDOWS_SIGNING_PASSWORD }}
+            CSC_LINK='${{ runner.temp }}\certificate.pfx'
+
+            # patches/all/oclif.patch
+            MSYSSHELLPATH="$(which bash)"
+            MSYSTEM=MSYS
+
+            # (signtool.exe) https://github.com/actions/runner-images/blob/main/images/win/Windows2019-Readme.md#installed-windows-sdks
+            PATH="/c/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/bin/${runner_arch}:${PATH}"
+        fi
+
+        npm run package
+
+        find dist -type f -maxdepth 1
+
+      env:
+        # https://github.blog/2020-08-03-github-actions-improvements-for-fork-and-pull-request-workflows/#improvements-for-public-repository-forks
+        # https://docs.github.com/en/actions/managing-workflow-runs/approving-workflow-runs-from-public-forks#about-workflow-runs-from-public-forks
+        CSC_FOR_PULL_REQUEST: true
+        # https://sectigo.com/resource-library/time-stamping-server
+        TIMESTAMP_SERVER: http://timestamp.sectigo.com
+        # Apple notarization (automation/build-bin.ts)
+        XCODE_APP_LOADER_EMAIL: ${{ inputs.XCODE_APP_LOADER_EMAIL }}
+        XCODE_APP_LOADER_PASSWORD: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.secrets).XCODE_APP_LOADER_PASSWORD }}
+        XCODE_APP_LOADER_TEAM_ID: ${{ inputs.XCODE_APP_LOADER_TEAM_ID }}
+
+    - name: Upload artifacts
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@c7d193f32edcb7bfad88892161225aeda64e9392 # v4
+      with:
+        name: gh-release-${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.event.head_commit.id }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
+        path: dist
+        retention-days: 1
+        if-no-files-found: error

.github/actions/test/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+name: test release
+# https://github.com/product-os/flowzone/tree/master/.github/actions
+inputs:
+  json:
+    description: "JSON stringified object containing all the inputs from the calling workflow"
+    required: true
+  secrets:
+    description: "JSON stringified object containing all the secrets from the calling workflow"
+    required: true
+  variables:
+    description: "JSON stringified object containing all the variables from the calling workflow"
+    required: true
+
+  # --- custom environment
+  NODE_VERSION:
+    type: string
+    default: '20.x'
+  VERBOSE:
+    type: string
+    default: "true"
+
+runs:
+  # https://docs.github.com/en/actions/creating-actions/creating-a-composite-action
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    # https://github.com/actions/setup-node#caching-global-packages-data
+    - name: Setup Node.js
+      uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+      with:
+        node-version: ${{ inputs.NODE_VERSION }}
+        cache: npm
+
+    - name: Set up Python 3.11
+      if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+      uses: actions/setup-python@d27e3f3d7c64b4bbf8e4abfb9b63b83e846e0435 # v4
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.11"
+
+    - name: Test release
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -ea
+
+        [[ '${{ inputs.VERBOSE }}' =~ on|On|Yes|yes|true|True ]] && set -x
+
+        if [[ -e package-lock.json ]] || [[ -e npm-shrinkwrap.json ]]; then
+            npm ci
+        else
+            npm i
+        fi
+
+        npm run build
+        npm run test:core
+
+    - name: Compress custom source
+      shell: pwsh
+      run: tar --exclude-vcs -acf ${{ runner.temp }}/custom.tgz .
+
+    - name: Upload custom artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@c7d193f32edcb7bfad88892161225aeda64e9392 # v4
+      with:
+        name: custom-${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.event.head_commit.id }}-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+        path: ${{ runner.temp }}/custom.tgz
+        retention-days: 1

.github/workflows/flowzone.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: Flowzone
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, closed]
+    branches: [main, master]
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, closed]
+    branches: [main, master]
+jobs:
+  flowzone:
+    name: Flowzone
+    uses: product-os/flowzone/.github/workflows/flowzone.yml@master
+    # prevent duplicate workflow executions for pull_request and pull_request_target
+    if: |
+      (
+        github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository &&
+        github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+      ) || (
+        github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.repository &&
+        github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'
+      )
+    secrets: inherit
+    with:
+      custom_runs_on: '[["self-hosted","Linux","distro:focal","X64"],["self-hosted","Linux","distro:focal","ARM64"],["macos-12"],["windows-2019"]]'
+      github_prerelease: false
+      restrict_custom_actions: false

.mocharc.js

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 module.exports = {
-	spec: 'tests/commands/app/create.spec.ts',
 	reporter: 'spec',
 	require: 'ts-node/register/transpile-only',
 	file: './tests/config-tests',
 	timeout: 12000,
+	// To test only, say, 'push.spec.ts', do it as follows so that
+	// requests are authenticated:
+	// spec: ['tests/auth/*.spec.ts', 'tests/**/deploy.spec.ts'],
 	spec: 'tests/**/*.spec.ts',
 };

.resinci.yml

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
----
-npm:
-  platforms:
-    - name: linux
-      os: ubuntu
-      architecture: x86_64
-      node_versions:
-        - "10"
-        - "12"
-        - "14"
-    - name: linux
-      os: alpine
-      architecture: x86_64
-      node_versions:
-        - "10"
-        - "12"
-        - "14"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -105,12 +105,12 @@ npm run update balena-sdk ^13.0.0 major
 
 ## Editing documentation files (README, INSTALL, Reference website...)
 
-The `doc/cli.markdown` file is automatically generated by running `npm run build:doc` (which also
+The `docs/balena-cli.md` file is automatically generated by running `npm run build:doc` (which also
 runs as part of `npm run build`). That file is then pulled by scripts in the
 [balena-io/docs](https://github.com/balena-io/docs/) GitHub repo for publishing at the [CLI
 Documentation page](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/cli/).
 
-The content sources for the auto generation of `doc/cli.markdown` are:
+The content sources for the auto generation of `docs/balena-cli.md` are:
 
 * [Selected
   sections](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/v12.23.0/automation/capitanodoc/capitanodoc.ts#L199-L204)
@@ -120,11 +120,58 @@ The content sources for the auto generation of `doc/cli.markdown` are:
   * `lib/commands/env/add.ts`
 
 The README file is manually edited, but subsections are automatically extracted for inclusion in
-`doc/cli.markdown` by the `getCapitanoDoc()` function in
+`docs/balena-cli.md` by the `getCapitanoDoc()` function in
 [`automation/capitanodoc/capitanodoc.ts`](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/automation/capitanodoc/capitanodoc.ts).
 
+**IMPORTANT**
+
+The file [`capitanodoc.ts`](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/automation/capitanodoc/capitanodoc.ts) lists 
+commands to generate documentation from. At the moment, it's manually updated and maintained alphabetically. 
+
+To add a new command to be documented, 
+
+1. Find the resource which it is part of or create a new one. 
+2. List the location of the build file 
+3. Make sure to add your files in alphabetical order
+4. Resources with plural names needs to have 2 sections if they have commands like: "fleet, fleets" or "device, devices" or "tag, tags"
+
+Once added, run the command `npm run build` to generate the documentation
+
 The `INSTALL*.md` and `TROUBLESHOOTING.md` files are also manually edited.
 
+## Patches folder
+
+The `patches` folder contains patch files created with the
+[patch-package](https://www.npmjs.com/package/patch-package) tool. Small code changes to
+third-party modules can be made by directly editing Javascript files under the `node_modules`
+folder and then running `patch-package` to create the patch files. The patch files are then
+applied immediately after `npm install`, through the `postinstall` script defined in
+`package.json`.
+
+The subfolders of the `patches` folder are documented in the
+[apply-patches.js](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/patches/apply-patches.js)
+script.
+
+To make changes to the patch files under the `patches` folder, **do not edit them directly,**
+not even for a "single character change" because the hash values in the patch files also need
+to be recomputed by `patch-packages`. Instead, edit the relevant files under `node_modules`
+directly, and then run `patch-packages` with the `--patch-dir` option to specify the subfolder
+where the patch should be saved. For example, edit `node_modules/exit-hook/index.js` and then
+run:
+
+```sh
+$ npx patch-package --patch-dir patches/all exit-hook
+```
+
+That said, these kinds of patches should be avoided in favour of creating pull requests
+upstream. Patch files create additional maintenance work over time as the patches need to be
+updated when the dependencies are updated, and they prevent the compounding community benefit
+that sharing fixes upstream have on open source projects like the balena CLI. The typical
+scenario where these patches are used is when the upstream maintainers are unresponsive or
+unwilling to merge the required fixes, the fixes are very small and specific to the balena CLI,
+and creating a fork of the upstream repo is likely to be more long-term effort than maintaining
+the patches.
+
 ## Windows
 
 Besides the regular npm installation dependencies, the `npm run build:installer` script
@@ -168,6 +215,24 @@ Optionally, these steps may be automated by installing the
 npx npm-merge-driver install -g
 ```
 
+## `fast-boot` and `npm link` - modifying the `node_modules` folder
+
+During development or debugging, it is sometimes useful to temporarily modify the `node_modules`
+folder (with or without making the respective changes to the `npm-shrinkwrap.json` file),
+replacing dependencies with different versions. This can be achieved with the `npm link`
+command, or by manually editing or copying files to the `node_modules` folder.
+
+Unexpected behavior may then be observed because of the CLI's use of the
+[fast-boot2](https://www.npmjs.com/package/fast-boot2) package that caches module resolution.
+`fast-boot2` is configured in `lib/fast-boot.ts` to automatically invalidate the cache if
+changes are made to the `package.json` or `npm-shrinkwrap.json` files, but the cache won't
+be automatically invalidated if `npm link` is used or if manual modifications are made to the
+`node_modules` folder. In this situation:
+
+* Manually delete the module cache file (typically `~/.balena/cli-module-cache.json`), or
+* Use the `bin/balena-dev` entry point (instead of `bin/balena`) as it does not activate
+  `fast-boot2`.
+
 ## TypeScript and oclif
 
 The CLI currently contains a mix of plain JavaScript and
@@ -241,3 +306,11 @@ gotchas to bear in mind:
   `node_modules/balena-sdk/node_modules/balena-errors`  
   In the case of subclasses of `TypedError`, a string comparison may be used instead:  
   `error.name === 'BalenaApplicationNotFound'`
+
+## Further debugging notes
+
+* If you need to selectively run specific tests, `it.only` will not work in cases when authorization is required as part of the test cycle.  In order to target specific tests, control execution via `.mocharc.js` instead.  Here is an example of targeting the `deploy` tests.
+
+	replace: `spec: 'tests/**/*.spec.ts',`
+
+	with: `spec: ['tests/auth/*.spec.ts', 'tests/**/deploy.spec.ts'],`

INSTALL-ADVANCED.md

@@ -76,24 +76,48 @@ as described above.
 
 If you are a Node.js developer, you may wish to install the balena CLI via [npm](https://www.npmjs.com).
 The npm installation involves building native (platform-specific) binary modules, which require
-some additional development tools to be installed first:
+some development tools to be installed first, as follows.
 
-* [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) version 10 (min **10.20.0**) or 12 (version 14 is not yet fully supported)
-  * **Linux, macOS** and **Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL):**  
-    Installing Node via [nvm](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/blob/master/README.md) is recommended.
-    When the "system" or "default" Node.js and npm packages are installed with "apt-get" in Linux
-    distributions like Ubuntu, users often report permission or compilation errors when running
-    "npm install".
-* [Python 2.7](https://www.python.org/), [git](https://git-scm.com/), [make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/), [g++](https://gcc.gnu.org/)
-  * **Linux** and **Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL):**  
-    `sudo apt-get install -y python git make g++`
-  * **macOS:** install Apple's Command Line Tools by running on a Terminal window:  
-    `xcode-select --install`
+> **The balena CLI currently requires Node.js version 20.**
+> **Versions 21 and later are not yet fully supported.**
 
-On **Windows (not WSL),** the dependencies above and additional ones can be met by installing:
+### Install development tools
 
-* Node.js from the [Nodejs.org download page](https://nodejs.org/en/download/).
-* The [MSYS2 shell](https://www.msys2.org/), which provides `git`, `make`, `g++`, `7z` and more:
+#### **Linux or WSL** (Windows Subsystem for Linux)
+
+```sh
+$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install curl python3 git make g++
+$ curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash
+$ . ~/.bashrc
+$ nvm install 20
+```
+
+The `curl` command line above uses
+[nvm](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/blob/master/README.md#install--update-script) to install
+Node.js, instead of using `apt-get`. Installing Node.js through `apt-get` is a common source of
+problems from permission errors to conflict with other system packages, and therefore not
+recommended.
+
+#### **macOS**
+
+* Download and install Apple's Command Line Tools from https://developer.apple.com/downloads/
+* Install Node.js through [nvm](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/blob/master/README.md#install--update-script):
+
+```sh
+$ curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash
+$ . ~/.bashrc
+$ nvm install 20
+```
+
+#### **Windows** (not WSL)
+
+Install:
+
+  * If you'd like the ability to switch between Node.js versions, install
+- Node.js v20 from the [Nodejs.org releases page](https://nodejs.org/en/download/releases/).
+    [nvm-windows](https://github.com/coreybutler/nvm-windows#node-version-manager-nvm-for-windows)
+    instead.
+* The [MSYS2 shell](https://www.msys2.org/), which provides `git`, `make`, `g++` and more:
   * `pacman -S git gcc make openssh p7zip`
   * [Set a Windows environment variable](https://www.onmsft.com/how-to/how-to-set-an-environment-variable-in-windows-10): `MSYS2_PATH_TYPE=inherit`
   * Note that a bug in the MSYS2 launch script (`msys2_shell.cmd`) makes text-based
@@ -101,26 +125,23 @@ On **Windows (not WSL),** the dependencies above and additional ones can be met
     workaround](https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/1633#issuecomment-240583890).
 * The Windows Driver Kit (WDK), which is needed to compile some native Node modules. It is **not**
   necessary to install Visual Studio, only the WDK, which is "step 2" in the following guides:
-  * [WDK for Windows 10](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/download-the-wdk#download-icon-step-2-install-wdk-for-windows-10-version-1903)
+  * [WDK for Windows 10](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/download-the-wdk#download-icon-step-2-install-refreshed-wdk-for-windows-10-version-2004)
   * [WDK for earlier versions of Windows](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/other-wdk-downloads#step-2-install-the-wdk)
-* The [windows-build-tools](https://www.npmjs.com/package/windows-build-tools) npm package (which
-  provides Python 2.7 and more), by running the following command on an [administrator
-  console](https://www.howtogeek.com/194041/how-to-open-the-command-prompt-as-administrator-in-windows-8.1/):
-  
-  `npm install -g --production windows-build-tools`
+* The [windows-build-tools](https://www.npmjs.com/package/windows-build-tools) npm package,
+  by running the following command on an [administrator
+  console](https://www.howtogeek.com/194041/how-to-open-the-command-prompt-as-administrator-in-windows-8.1/):  
+  `npm install --global --production windows-build-tools`
 
-With these dependencies in place, the balena CLI installation command is:
+### Install the balena CLI
+
+After installing the development tools, install the balena CLI with:
 
 ```sh
-$ npm install balena-cli -g --production --unsafe-perm
+$ npm install balena-cli --global --production --unsafe-perm
 ```
 
-`--unsafe-perm` is required when `npm install` is executed as the root user, or on systems where
-the global install directory is not user-writable. It allows npm install steps to download and save
-prebuilt native binaries, and also allows the execution of npm scripts like `postinstall` that are
-used to patch dependencies. It is usually possible to omit `--unsafe-perm` if installing under a
-regular (non-root) user account, especially if using a user-managed node installation such as
-[nvm](https://github.com/creationix/nvm).
+`--unsafe-perm` is needed when `npm install` is executed as the `root` user (e.g. in a Docker
+container) in order to allow npm scripts like `postinstall` to be executed.
 
 ## Additional Dependencies
 
@@ -134,7 +155,7 @@ system:
 
 Where Docker or balenaEngine are required, they may be installed on the local machine (where the
 balena CLI is executed), on a remote server, or on a balenaOS device running a [balenaOS development
-image](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/OS/overview/2.x/#dev-vs-prod-images)). Reasons why this
+image](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/OS/overview/2.x/#dev-vs-prod-images). Reasons why this
 may be desirable include:
 
 * To avoid having to install Docker on the development machine / laptop.

INSTALL-LINUX.md

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 # balena CLI Installation Instructions for Linux
 
-These instructions are suitable for most Linux distributions on Intel x86, except notably for **Linux Alpine** or **Busybox**. For these distros or for the ARM architecture, follow the [NPM Installation](./INSTALL-ADVANCED.md#npm-installation) method.
+These instructions are suitable for most Linux distributions on Intel x86, such as
+Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Arch Linux and other glibc-based distributions.
+For the ARM architecture and for Linux distributions not based on glibc, such as
+Alpine Linux, follow the [NPM Installation](./INSTALL-ADVANCED.md#npm-installation)
+method.
 
 Selected operating system: **Linux**
 

INSTALL-MAC.md

@@ -10,16 +10,14 @@ Selected operating system: **macOS**
    Look for a file name that ends with "-installer.pkg":  
    `balena-cli-vX.Y.Z-macOS-x64-installer.pkg`  
 
-2. Double click the downloaded file to run the installer. After the installation completes,
-   close and re-open any open [command
-   terminal](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/cli/#choosing-a-shell-command-promptterminal)
-   windows (so that the changes made by the installer to the PATH environment variable can take
-   effect).
+2. Double click on the downloaded file to run the installer and follow the installer's
+   instructions.
 
-3. Check that the installation was successful by running the following commands on a
-   command terminal:  
-   * `balena version` - should print the CLI's version
-   * `balena help` - should print a list of available commands
+3. Check that the installation was successful:
+   - [Open the Terminal
+   app](https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/terminal/apd5265185d-f365-44cb-8b09-71a064a42125/mac).
+   - On the terminal prompt, type `balena version` and hit Enter. It should display
+     the version of the balena CLI that you have installed.
 
 No further steps are required to run most CLI commands. The `balena ssh`, `build`, `deploy`
 and `preload` commands may require additional software to be installed, as described

INSTALL-WINDOWS.md

@@ -10,16 +10,14 @@ Selected operating system: **Windows**
    Look for a file name that ends with "-installer.exe":  
    `balena-cli-vX.Y.Z-windows-x64-installer.exe`  
 
-2. Double click the downloaded file to run the installer. After the installation completes,
-   close and re-open any open [command
-   terminal](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/cli/#choosing-a-shell-command-promptterminal)
-   windows (so that the changes made by the installer to the PATH environment variable can take
-   effect).
+2. Double click on the downloaded file to run the installer and follow the installer's
+   instructions.
 
-3. Check that the installation was successful by running the following commands on a
-   command terminal:  
-   * `balena version` - should print the CLI's version
-   * `balena help` - should print a list of available commands
+3. Check that the installation was successful:
+   - Click on the Windows Start Menu, type PowerShell, and then click
+     on Windows PowerShell.
+   - On the command prompt, type `balena version` and hit Enter. It should display
+     the version of the balena CLI that you have installed.
 
 No further steps are required to run most CLI commands. The `balena ssh`, `scan`, `build`,
 `deploy` and `preload` commands may require additional software to be installed, as

README.md

@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ are supported. Alternative shells include:
 
 On **macOS** and **Linux,** the standard terminal window is supported. Optionally, `bash` command
 auto completion may be enabled by copying the
-[balena-completion.bash](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/balena-completion.bash)
+[balena_comp](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/completion/balena-completion.bash)
 file to your system's `bash_completion` directory: check [Docker's command completion
 guide](https://docs.docker.com/compose/completion/) for system setup instructions.
 
 ## Logging in
 
 Several CLI commands require access to your balenaCloud account, for example in order to push a
-new release to your application. Those commands require creating a CLI login session by running:
+new release to your fleet. Those commands require creating a CLI login session by running:
 
 ```sh
 $ balena login
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ To learn more, troubleshoot issues, or to contact us for support:
 
 * Check the [masterclass tutorials](https://www.balena.io/docs/learn/more/masterclasses/overview/)
 * Check our [FAQ / troubleshooting document](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/TROUBLESHOOTING.md)
-* Ask us a question through the [balenaCloud forum](https://forums.balena.io/c/balena-cloud)
+* Ask us a question in the [balena forums](https://forums.balena.io/c/product-support)
 
 For CLI bug reports or feature requests, check the
 [CLI GitHub issues](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/issues/).
@@ -156,14 +156,18 @@ of major, minor and patch version releases.
 
 The latest release of a major version of the balena CLI will remain compatible with
 the balenaCloud backend services for at least one year from the date when the
-following major version is released. For example, balena CLI v10.17.5, as the
-latest v10 release, would remain compatible with the balenaCloud backend for one
-year from the date when v11.0.0 is released.
+following major version is released. For example, balena CLI v11.36.0, as the
+latest v11 release, would remain compatible with the balenaCloud backend for one
+year from the date when v12.0.0 was released.
 
-At the end of this period, the older major version is considered deprecated and
-some of the functionality that depends on balenaCloud services may stop working
-at any time.
-Users are encouraged to regularly update the balena CLI to the latest version.
+Half way through to that period (6 months after the release of the next major
+version), older major versions of the balena CLI will start printing a deprecation
+warning message when it is used interactively (when `stderr` is attached to a TTY
+device file). At the end of that period, older major versions will exit with an
+error message unless the `--unsupported` flag is used.  This behavior was
+introduced in CLI version 12.47.0 and is also documented by `balena help`.
+To take advantage of the latest backend features and ensure compatibility, users
+are encouraged to regularly update the balena CLI to the latest version.
 
 ## Contributing (including editing documentation files)
 

TROUBLESHOOTING.md

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ command again.
 
 Check whether the SD card is locked (a physical switch on the side of the card).
 
+## I get `connect ETIMEDOUT` with `balena tunnel`
+
+Please update the CLI to the latest version. This issue was fixed in v12.38.5.
+For more details, see: https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/issues/2172
+
 ## I get EINVAL errors on Cygwin
 
 The errors may look something like this:

automation/build-bin.ts

@@ -15,37 +15,36 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import type { JsonVersions } from '../lib/commands/version';
+import type { JsonVersions } from '../lib/commands/version/index';
 
-import { run as oclifRun } from '@oclif/dev-cli';
+import { run as oclifRun } from '@oclif/core';
 import * as archiver from 'archiver';
 import * as Bluebird from 'bluebird';
 import { execFile } from 'child_process';
 import * as filehound from 'filehound';
+import { Stats } from 'fs';
 import * as fs from 'fs-extra';
-import * as _ from 'lodash';
+import * as klaw from 'klaw';
 import * as path from 'path';
 import * as rimraf from 'rimraf';
 import * as semver from 'semver';
-import * as util from 'util';
-import * as klaw from 'klaw';
-import { Stats } from 'fs';
+import { promisify } from 'util';
+import { notarize } from '@electron/notarize';
 
-import { stripIndent } from '../lib/utils/lazy';
+import { stripIndent } from '../build/utils/lazy';
 import {
 	diffLines,
-	getSubprocessStdout,
 	loadPackageJson,
 	ROOT,
 	StdOutTap,
 	whichSpawn,
 } from './utils';
 
+const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
+
 export const packageJSON = loadPackageJson();
 export const version = 'v' + packageJSON.version;
 const arch = process.arch;
-const MSYS2_BASH =
-	process.env.MSYSSHELLPATH || 'C:\\msys64\\usr\\bin\\bash.exe';
 
 function dPath(...paths: string[]) {
 	return path.join(ROOT, 'dist', ...paths);
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ const standaloneZips: PathByPlatform = {
 
 const oclifInstallers: PathByPlatform = {
 	darwin: dPath('macos', `balena-${version}.pkg`),
-	win32: dPath('win', `balena-${version}-${arch}.exe`),
+	win32: dPath('win32', `balena-${version}-${arch}.exe`),
 };
 
 const renamedOclifInstallers: PathByPlatform = {
@@ -88,13 +87,14 @@ async function diffPkgOutput(pkgOut: string) {
 		'tests',
 		'test-data',
 		'pkg',
-		`expected-warnings-${process.platform}.txt`,
+		`expected-warnings-${process.platform}-${arch}.txt`,
 	);
 	const absSavedPath = path.join(ROOT, relSavedPath);
 	const ignoreStartsWith = [
 		'> pkg@',
 		'> Fetching base Node.js binaries',
 		'  fetched-',
+		'prebuild-install WARN install No prebuilt binaries found',
 	];
 	const modulesRE =
 		process.platform === 'win32'
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ ${sep}
  * messages (stdout and stderr) in order to call diffPkgOutput().
  */
 async function execPkg(...args: any[]) {
-	const { exec: pkgExec } = await import('pkg');
+	const { exec: pkgExec } = await import('@yao-pkg/pkg');
 	const outTap = new StdOutTap(true);
 	try {
 		outTap.tap();
@@ -180,9 +180,18 @@ async function execPkg(...args: any[]) {
  * to be directly executed from inside another binary executable.)
  */
 async function buildPkg() {
+	// https://github.com/vercel/pkg#targets
+	let targets = `linux-${arch}`;
+	// TBC: not possible to build for macOS or Windows arm64 on x64 nodes
+	if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
+		targets = `macos-x64`;
+	}
+	if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+		targets = `win-x64`;
+	}
 	const args = [
-		'--target',
-		'host',
+		'--targets',
+		targets,
 		'--output',
 		'build-bin/balena',
 		'package.json',
@@ -197,7 +206,6 @@ async function buildPkg() {
 	const paths: Array<[string, string[], string[]]> = [
 		// [platform, [source path], [destination path]]
 		['*', ['open', 'xdg-open'], ['xdg-open']],
-		['*', ['opn', 'xdg-open'], ['xdg-open-402']],
 		['darwin', ['denymount', 'bin', 'denymount'], ['denymount']],
 	];
 	await Promise.all(
@@ -246,7 +254,17 @@ async function testPkg() {
 	console.log(`Testing standalone package "${pkgBalenaPath}"...`);
 	// Run `balena version -j`, parse its stdout as JSON, and check that the
 	// reported Node.js major version matches semver.major(process.version)
-	const stdout = await getSubprocessStdout(pkgBalenaPath, ['version', '-j']);
+	let { stdout, stderr } = await execFileAsync(pkgBalenaPath, [
+		'version',
+		'-j',
+	]);
+	const { filterCliOutputForTests } = await import('../tests/helpers');
+	const filtered = filterCliOutputForTests({
+		err: stderr.split(/\r?\n/),
+		out: stdout.split(/\r?\n/),
+	});
+	stdout = filtered.out.join('\n');
+	stderr = filtered.err.join('\n');
 	let pkgNodeVersion = '';
 	let pkgNodeMajorVersion = 0;
 	try {
@@ -263,6 +281,10 @@ async function testPkg() {
 			`Mismatched major version: built-in pkg Node version="${pkgNodeVersion}" vs process.version="${process.version}"`,
 		);
 	}
+	if (filtered.err.length > 0) {
+		const err = filtered.err.join('\n');
+		throw new Error(`"${pkgBalenaPath}": non-empty stderr "${err}"`);
+	}
 	console.log('Success! (standalone package test successful)');
 }
 
@@ -295,7 +317,7 @@ async function zipPkg() {
 		archive.on('warning', console.warn);
 
 		archive.pipe(outputStream);
-		archive.finalize();
+		archive.finalize().catch(reject);
 	});
 }
 
@@ -307,6 +329,10 @@ async function signFilesForNotarization() {
 				if (!item.stats.isFile()) {
 					return;
 				}
+				if (path.basename(item.path).endsWith('.node.bak')) {
+					console.log('Removing pkg .node.bak file', item.path);
+					fs.unlinkSync(item.path);
+				}
 				if (
 					path.basename(item.path).endsWith('.zip') &&
 					path.dirname(item.path).includes('test')
@@ -405,22 +431,28 @@ async function renameInstallerFiles() {
 
 /**
  * If the CSC_LINK and CSC_KEY_PASSWORD env vars are set, digitally sign the
- * executable installer by running the balena-io/scripts/shared/sign-exe.sh
- * script (which must be in the PATH) using a MSYS2 bash shell.
+ * executable installer using Microsoft SignTool.exe (Sign Tool)
+ * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/tools/signtool-exe
  */
 async function signWindowsInstaller() {
 	if (process.env.CSC_LINK && process.env.CSC_KEY_PASSWORD) {
 		const exeName = renamedOclifInstallers[process.platform];
-		const execFileAsync = util.promisify<string, string[], void>(execFile);
-
 		console.log(`Signing installer "${exeName}"`);
-		await execFileAsync(MSYS2_BASH, [
-			'sign-exe.sh',
+		// trust ...
+		await execFileAsync('signtool.exe', [
+			'sign',
+			'-t',
+			process.env.TIMESTAMP_SERVER || 'http://timestamp.comodoca.com',
 			'-f',
-			exeName,
+			process.env.CSC_LINK,
+			'-p',
+			process.env.CSC_KEY_PASSWORD,
 			'-d',
 			`balena-cli ${version}`,
+			exeName,
 		]);
+		// ... but verify
+		await execFileAsync('signtool.exe', ['verify', '-pa', '-v', exeName]);
 	} else {
 		console.log(
 			'Skipping installer signing step because CSC_* env vars are not set',
@@ -432,18 +464,24 @@ async function signWindowsInstaller() {
  * Wait for Apple Installer Notarization to continue
  */
 async function notarizeMacInstaller(): Promise<void> {
-	const appleId = 'accounts+apple@balena.io';
-	const { notarize } = await import('electron-notarize');
-	await notarize({
-		appBundleId: 'io.balena.etcher',
-		appPath: renamedOclifInstallers.darwin,
-		appleId,
-		appleIdPassword: '@keychain:CLI_PASSWORD',
-	});
+	const teamId = process.env.XCODE_APP_LOADER_TEAM_ID || '66H43P8FRG';
+	const appleId =
+		process.env.XCODE_APP_LOADER_EMAIL || 'accounts+apple@balena.io';
+	const appleIdPassword = process.env.XCODE_APP_LOADER_PASSWORD;
+
+	if (appleIdPassword && teamId) {
+		await notarize({
+			tool: 'notarytool',
+			teamId,
+			appPath: renamedOclifInstallers.darwin,
+			appleId,
+			appleIdPassword,
+		});
+	}
 }
 
 /**
- * Run the `oclif-dev pack:win` or `pack:macos` command (depending on the value
+ * Run the `oclif pack:win` or `pack:macos` command (depending on the value
  * of process.platform) to generate the native installers (which end up under
  * the 'dist' folder). There are some harcoded options such as selecting only
  * 64-bit binaries under Windows.
@@ -453,9 +491,10 @@ export async function buildOclifInstaller() {
 	let packOpts = ['-r', ROOT];
 	if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
 		packOS = 'macos';
+		packOpts = packOpts.concat('--targets', 'darwin-x64');
 	} else if (process.platform === 'win32') {
 		packOS = 'win';
-		packOpts = packOpts.concat('-t', 'win32-x64');
+		packOpts = packOpts.concat('--targets', 'win32-x64');
 	}
 	if (packOS) {
 		console.log(`Building oclif installer for CLI ${version}`);
@@ -473,10 +512,11 @@ export async function buildOclifInstaller() {
 			await signFilesForNotarization();
 		}
 		console.log('=======================================================');
-		console.log(`oclif-dev "${packCmd}" "${packOpts.join('" "')}"`);
+		console.log(`oclif ${packCmd} ${packOpts.join(' ')}`);
 		console.log(`cwd="${process.cwd()}" ROOT="${ROOT}"`);
 		console.log('=======================================================');
-		await oclifRun([packCmd].concat(...packOpts));
+		const oclifPath = path.join(ROOT, 'node_modules', 'oclif');
+		await oclifRun([packCmd].concat(...packOpts), oclifPath);
 		await renameInstallerFiles();
 		// The Windows installer is explicitly signed here (oclif doesn't do it).
 		// The macOS installer is automatically signed by oclif (which runs the

automation/capitanodoc/capitanodoc.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 import * as path from 'path';
 import { MarkdownFileParser } from './utils';
+import { GlobSync } from 'glob';
 
 /**
  * This is the skeleton of CLI documentation/reference web page at:
@@ -24,165 +25,114 @@ import { MarkdownFileParser } from './utils';
  *
  * The `getCapitanoDoc` function in this module parses README.md and adds
  * some content to this object.
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT
+ *
+ * All commands need to be stored under a folder in lib/commands to maintain uniformity
+ * Generating docs will error out if directive not followed
+ * To add a custom heading for command docs, add the heading next to the folder name
+ * in the `commandHeadings` dictionary.
+ *
+ * This dictionary is the source of truth that creates the docs config which is used
+ * to generate the CLI documentation. By default, the folder name will be used.
+ *
+ * Resources with plural names needs to have 2 sections if they have commands like:
+ * "fleet, fleets" or "device, devices" or "tag, tags"
+ *
  */
-const capitanoDoc = {
-	title: 'balena CLI Documentation',
-	introduction: '',
-	categories: [
-		{
-			title: 'API keys',
-			files: ['build/commands/api-key/generate.js'],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Application',
-			files: [
-				'build/commands/apps.js',
-				'build/commands/app/index.js',
-				'build/commands/app/create.js',
-				'build/commands/app/purge.js',
-				'build/commands/app/rename.js',
-				'build/commands/app/restart.js',
-				'build/commands/app/rm.js',
-			],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Authentication',
-			files: [
-				'build/commands/login.js',
-				'build/commands/logout.js',
-				'build/commands/whoami.js',
-			],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Device',
-			files: [
-				'build/commands/devices/index.js',
-				'build/commands/devices/supported.js',
-				'build/commands/device/index.js',
-				'build/commands/device/deactivate.js',
-				'build/commands/device/identify.js',
-				'build/commands/device/init.js',
-				'build/commands/device/local-mode.js',
-				'build/commands/device/move.js',
-				'build/commands/device/os-update.js',
-				'build/commands/device/public-url.js',
-				'build/commands/device/purge.js',
-				'build/commands/device/reboot.js',
-				'build/commands/device/register.js',
-				'build/commands/device/rename.js',
-				'build/commands/device/restart.js',
-				'build/commands/device/rm.js',
-				'build/commands/device/shutdown.js',
-			],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Environment Variables',
-			files: [
-				'build/commands/envs.js',
-				'build/commands/env/add.js',
-				'build/commands/env/rename.js',
-				'build/commands/env/rm.js',
-			],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Tags',
-			files: [
-				'build/commands/tags.js',
-				'build/commands/tag/rm.js',
-				'build/commands/tag/set.js',
-			],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Help and Version',
-			files: ['help', 'build/commands/version.js'],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Keys',
-			files: [
-				'build/commands/keys.js',
-				'build/commands/key/index.js',
-				'build/commands/key/add.js',
-				'build/commands/key/rm.js',
-			],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Logs',
-			files: ['build/commands/logs.js'],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Network',
-			files: [
-				'build/commands/scan.js',
-				'build/commands/ssh.js',
-				'build/commands/tunnel.js',
-			],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Notes',
-			files: ['build/commands/note.js'],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'OS',
-			files: [
-				'build/commands/os/build-config.js',
-				'build/commands/os/configure.js',
-				'build/commands/os/versions.js',
-				'build/commands/os/download.js',
-				'build/commands/os/initialize.js',
-			],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Config',
-			files: [
-				'build/commands/config/generate.js',
-				'build/commands/config/inject.js',
-				'build/commands/config/read.js',
-				'build/commands/config/reconfigure.js',
-				'build/commands/config/write.js',
-			],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Preload',
-			files: ['build/commands/preload.js'],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Push',
-			files: ['build/commands/push.js'],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Settings',
-			files: ['build/commands/settings.js'],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Local',
-			files: [
-				'build/commands/local/configure.js',
-				'build/commands/local/flash.js',
-			],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Deploy',
-			files: ['build/commands/build.js', 'build/commands/deploy.js'],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Platform',
-			files: ['build/commands/join.js', 'build/commands/leave.js'],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Utilities',
-			files: ['build/commands/util/available-drives.js'],
-		},
-		{
-			title: 'Support',
-			files: ['build/commands/support.js'],
-		},
-	],
+
+interface Category {
+	title: string;
+	files: string[];
+}
+
+interface Documentation {
+	title: string;
+	introduction: string;
+	categories: Category[];
+}
+
+// Mapping folders names to custom headings in the docs
+const commandHeadings: { [key: string]: string } = {
+	'api-key': 'API Key',
+	'api-keys': 'API Keys',
+	login: 'Authentication',
+	whoami: 'Authentication',
+	logout: 'Authentication',
+	env: 'Environment Variable',
+	envs: 'Environment Variables',
+	help: 'Help and Version',
+	key: 'SSH Key',
+	keys: 'SSH Keys',
+	orgs: 'Organizations',
+	os: 'OS',
+	util: 'Utilities',
+	ssh: 'Network',
+	scan: 'Network',
+	tunnel: 'Network',
+	build: 'Deploy',
+	join: 'Platform',
+	leave: 'Platform',
 };
 
+// Fetch all available commands
+const allCommandsPaths = new GlobSync('build/commands/**/*.js', {
+	ignore: 'build/commands/internal/**',
+}).found;
+
+// Throw error if any commands found outside of command directories
+const illegalCommandPaths = allCommandsPaths.filter((commandPath: string) =>
+	/^build\/commands\/[^/]+\.js$/.test(commandPath),
+);
+
+if (illegalCommandPaths.length !== 0) {
+	throw new Error(
+		`Found the following commands without a command directory: ${illegalCommandPaths}\n
+		To resolve this error, move the respective commands to their resource directories or create new ones.\n
+		Refer to the automation/capitanodoc/capitanodoc.ts file for more information.`,
+	);
+}
+
+// Docs config template
+const capitanoDoc: Documentation = {
+	title: 'balena CLI Documentation',
+	introduction: '',
+	categories: [],
+};
+
+// Helper function to capitalize each word of directory name
+function formatTitle(dir: string): string {
+	return dir.replace(/(^\w|\s\w)/g, (word) => word.toUpperCase());
+}
+
+// Create a map to track the categories for faster lookup
+const categoriesMap: { [key: string]: Category } = {};
+
+for (const commandPath of allCommandsPaths) {
+	const commandDir = path.basename(path.dirname(commandPath));
+	const heading = commandHeadings[commandDir] || formatTitle(commandDir);
+
+	if (!categoriesMap[heading]) {
+		categoriesMap[heading] = { title: heading, files: [] };
+		capitanoDoc.categories.push(categoriesMap[heading]);
+	}
+
+	categoriesMap[heading].files.push(commandPath);
+}
+
+// Sort Category titles alphabetically
+capitanoDoc.categories = capitanoDoc.categories.sort((a, b) =>
+	a.title.localeCompare(b.title),
+);
+
+// Sort Category file paths alphabetically
+capitanoDoc.categories.forEach((category) => {
+	category.files.sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
+});
+
 /**
- * Modify and return the `capitanoDoc` object above in order to render the
- * CLI documentation/reference web page at:
- * https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/cli/
+ * Modify and return the `capitanoDoc` object above in order to generate the
+ * CLI documentation at docs/balena-cli.md
  *
  * This function parses the README.md file to extract relevant sections
  * for the documentation web page.

automation/capitanodoc/doc-types.d.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-import { Command as OclifCommandClass } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Command as OclifCommandClass } from '@oclif/core';
 
 type OclifCommand = typeof OclifCommandClass;
 

automation/capitanodoc/index.ts

@@ -58,16 +58,15 @@ class FakeHelpCommand {
 
 	examples = [
 		'$ balena help',
-		'$ balena help apps',
+		'$ balena help login',
 		'$ balena help os download',
 	];
 
-	args = [
-		{
-			name: 'command',
+	args = {
+		command: {
 			description: 'command to show help for',
 		},
-	];
+	};
 
 	usage = 'help [command]';
 
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ function importOclifCommands(jsFilename: string): OclifCommand[] {
 
 	const command: OclifCommand =
 		jsFilename === 'help'
-			? ((new FakeHelpCommand() as unknown) as OclifCommand)
+			? (new FakeHelpCommand() as unknown as OclifCommand)
 			: (require(path.join(process.cwd(), jsFilename)).default as OclifCommand);
 
 	return [command];
@@ -101,8 +100,9 @@ async function printMarkdown() {
 		console.log(await renderMarkdown());
 	} catch (error) {
 		console.error(error);
-		process.exit(1);
+		process.exitCode = 1;
 	}
 }
 
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
 printMarkdown();

automation/capitanodoc/markdown.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-import { flagUsages } from '@oclif/parser';
+import { Parser } from '@oclif/core';
 import * as ent from 'ent';
 import * as _ from 'lodash';
 
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ function renderOclifCommand(command: OclifCommand): string[] {
 
 	if (!_.isEmpty(command.args)) {
 		result.push('### Arguments');
-		for (const arg of command.args!) {
-			result.push(`#### ${arg.name.toUpperCase()}`, arg.description || '');
+		for (const [name, arg] of Object.entries(command.args!)) {
+			result.push(`#### ${name.toUpperCase()}`, arg.description || '');
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ function renderOclifCommand(command: OclifCommand): string[] {
 				continue;
 			}
 			flag.name = name;
-			const flagUsage = flagUsages([flag])
+			const flagUsage = Parser.flagUsages([flag])
 				.map(([usage, _description]) => usage)
 				.join()
 				.trim();

automation/check-doc.ts

@@ -15,24 +15,25 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-const stripIndent = require('common-tags/lib/stripIndent');
-const _ = require('lodash');
-const { promises: fs } = require('fs');
-const path = require('path');
-const simplegit = require('simple-git/promise');
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports
+import { stripIndent } from 'common-tags';
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+import { promises as fs } from 'fs';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import { simpleGit } from 'simple-git';
 
 const ROOT = path.normalize(path.join(__dirname, '..'));
 
 /**
- * Compare the timestamp of cli.markdown with the timestamp of staged files,
- * issuing an error if cli.markdown is older.
- * If cli.markdown does not require updating and the developer cannot run
+ * Compare the timestamp of balena-cli.md with the timestamp of staged files,
+ * issuing an error if balena-cli.md is older.
+ * If balena-cli.md does not require updating and the developer cannot run
  * `npm run build` on their laptop, the error message suggests a workaround
  * using `touch`.
  */
 async function checkBuildTimestamps() {
-	const git = simplegit(ROOT);
-	const docFile = path.join(ROOT, 'doc', 'cli.markdown');
+	const git = simpleGit(ROOT);
+	const docFile = path.join(ROOT, 'docs', 'balena-cli.md');
 	const [docStat, gitStatus] = await Promise.all([
 		fs.stat(docFile),
 		git.status(),
@@ -81,4 +82,5 @@ async function run() {
 	}
 }
 
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
 run();

automation/check-npm-version.js

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
  *
  * We don't `require('semver')` to allow this script to be run as a npm
  * 'preinstall' hook, at which point no dependencies have been installed.
+ *
+ * @param {string} version
  */
 function parseSemver(version) {
 	const match = /v?(\d+)\.(\d+).(\d+)/.exec(version);
@@ -16,9 +18,13 @@ function parseSemver(version) {
 	return [parseInt(major, 10), parseInt(minor, 10), parseInt(patch, 10)];
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {string} v1
+ * @param {string} v2
+ */
 function semverGte(v1, v2) {
-	let v1Array = parseSemver(v1);
-	let v2Array = parseSemver(v2);
+	const v1Array = parseSemver(v1);
+	const v2Array = parseSemver(v2);
 	for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		if (v1Array[i] < v2Array[i]) {
 			return false;
@@ -41,17 +47,25 @@ function checkNpmVersion() {
 		// the reason is that it would unnecessarily prevent end users from
 		// using npm v6.4.1 that ships with Node 8.  (It is OK for the
 		// shrinkwrap file to get damaged if it is not going to be reused.)
-		console.error(`\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+		throw new Error(`\
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Error: npm version '${npmVersion}' detected. Please upgrade to npm v${requiredVersion} or later
 because of a bug that causes the 'npm-shrinkwrap.json' file to be damaged.
 At this point, however, your 'npm-shrinkwrap.json' file has already been
 damaged. Please revert it to the master branch state with a command such as:
 "git checkout master -- npm-shrinkwrap.json"
 Then re-run "npm install" using npm version ${requiredVersion} or later.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------`);
-		process.exit(1);
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------`);
 	}
 }
 
-checkNpmVersion();
+function main() {
+	try {
+		checkNpmVersion();
+	} catch (e) {
+		console.error(e.message || e);
+		process.exitCode = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+main();

automation/deploy-bin.ts

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const { GITHUB_TOKEN } = process.env;
 export async function createGitHubRelease() {
 	console.log(`Publishing release ${version} to GitHub`);
 	const publishRelease = await import('publish-release');
-	const ghRelease = await Bluebird.fromCallback(
+	const ghRelease = (await Bluebird.fromCallback(
 		publishRelease.bind(null, {
 			token: GITHUB_TOKEN || '',
 			owner: 'balena-io',
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export async function createGitHubRelease() {
 			reuseRelease: true,
 			assets: finalReleaseAssets[process.platform],
 		}),
-	);
+	)) as { html_url: any };
 	console.log(`Release ${version} successful: ${ghRelease.html_url}`);
 }
 
@@ -54,17 +54,18 @@ export async function release() {
 	try {
 		await createGitHubRelease();
 	} catch (err) {
-		console.error('Release failed');
-		console.error(err);
-		process.exit(1);
+		throw new Error(`Error creating GitHub release:\n${err}`);
 	}
 }
 
 /** Return a cached Octokit instance, creating a new one as needed. */
 const getOctokit = _.once(function () {
-	const Octokit = (require('@octokit/rest') as typeof import('@octokit/rest')).Octokit.plugin(
-		(require('@octokit/plugin-throttling') as typeof import('@octokit/plugin-throttling'))
-			.throttling,
+	const Octokit = (
+		require('@octokit/rest') as typeof import('@octokit/rest')
+	).Octokit.plugin(
+		(
+			require('@octokit/plugin-throttling') as typeof import('@octokit/plugin-throttling')
+		).throttling,
 	);
 	return new Octokit({
 		auth: GITHUB_TOKEN,
@@ -110,7 +111,8 @@ function getPageNumbers(
 	if (!response.headers.link) {
 		return res;
 	}
-	const parse = require('parse-link-header') as typeof import('parse-link-header');
+	const parse =
+		require('parse-link-header') as typeof import('parse-link-header');
 	const parsed = parse(response.headers.link);
 	if (parsed == null) {
 		throw new Error(`Failed to parse link header: '${response.headers.link}'`);
@@ -152,17 +154,20 @@ async function updateGitHubReleaseDescriptions(
 ) {
 	const perPage = 30;
 	const octokit = getOctokit();
-	const options = await octokit.repos.listReleases.endpoint.merge({
+	const options = octokit.repos.listReleases.endpoint.merge({
 		owner,
 		repo,
 		per_page: perPage,
 	});
 	let errCount = 0;
-	for await (const response of octokit.paginate.iterator(options)) {
-		const { page: thisPage, pages: totalPages, ordinal } = getPageNumbers(
-			response,
-			perPage,
-		);
+	type Release =
+		import('@octokit/rest').RestEndpointMethodTypes['repos']['listReleases']['response']['data'][0];
+	for await (const response of octokit.paginate.iterator<Release>(options)) {
+		const {
+			page: thisPage,
+			pages: totalPages,
+			ordinal,
+		} = getPageNumbers(response, perPage);
 		let i = 0;
 		for (const cliRelease of response.data) {
 			const prefix = `[#${ordinal + i++} pg ${thisPage}/${totalPages}]`;

automation/run.ts

@@ -35,11 +35,6 @@ process.env.DEBUG = ['0', 'no', 'false', '', undefined].includes(
 	? ''
 	: '1';
 
-function exitWithError(error: Error | string): never {
-	console.error(`Error: ${error}`);
-	process.exit(1);
-}
-
 /**
  * Trivial command-line parser. Check whether the command-line argument is one
  * of the following strings, then call the appropriate functions:
@@ -49,12 +44,12 @@ function exitWithError(error: Error | string): never {
  *
  * @param args Arguments to parse (default is process.argv.slice(2))
  */
-export async function run(args?: string[]) {
+async function parse(args?: string[]) {
 	args = args || process.argv.slice(2);
-	console.log(`automation/run.ts process.argv=[${process.argv}]\n`);
-	console.log(`automation/run.ts args=[${args}]`);
+	console.error(`[debug] automation/run.ts process.argv=[${process.argv}]`);
+	console.error(`[debug] automation/run.ts args=[${args}]`);
 	if (_.isEmpty(args)) {
-		return exitWithError('missing command-line arguments');
+		throw new Error('missing command-line arguments');
 	}
 	const commands: { [cmd: string]: () => void | Promise<void> } = {
 		'build:installer': buildOclifInstaller,
@@ -65,8 +60,8 @@ export async function run(args?: string[]) {
 		release,
 	};
 	for (const arg of args) {
-		if (!commands.hasOwnProperty(arg)) {
-			return exitWithError(`command unknown: ${arg}`);
+		if (!Object.hasOwn(commands, arg)) {
+			throw new Error(`command unknown: ${arg}`);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -90,9 +85,23 @@ export async function run(args?: string[]) {
 			const cmdFunc = commands[arg];
 			await cmdFunc();
 		} catch (err) {
-			return exitWithError(`"${arg}": ${err}`);
+			if (typeof err === 'object') {
+				err.message = `"${arg}": ${err.message}`;
+			}
+			throw err;
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+/** See jsdoc for parse() function above */
+export async function run(args?: string[]) {
+	try {
+		await parse(args);
+	} catch (e) {
+		console.error(e.message ? `Error: ${e.message}` : e);
+		process.exitCode = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
 run();

automation/update-module.ts

@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ const validateChangeType = (maybeChangeType: string = 'minor') => {
 		case 'major':
 			return maybeChangeType;
 		default:
-			console.error(`Invalid change type: '${maybeChangeType}'`);
-			return process.exit(1);
+			throw new Error(`Invalid change type: '${maybeChangeType}'`);
 	}
 };
 
@@ -37,8 +36,8 @@ const run = async (cmd: string) => {
 			}
 			resolve({ stdout, stderr });
 		});
-		p.stdout.pipe(process.stdout);
-		p.stderr.pipe(process.stderr);
+		p.stdout?.pipe(process.stdout);
+		p.stderr?.pipe(process.stderr);
 	});
 };
 
@@ -65,24 +64,17 @@ const getUpstreams = async () => {
 	return upstream;
 };
 
-const printUsage = (upstreams: Upstream[], upstreamName: string) => {
-	console.error(
-		`
+const getUsage = (upstreams: Upstream[], upstreamName: string) => `
 Usage: npm run update ${upstreamName} $version [$changeType=minor]
 
 Upstream names: ${upstreams.map(({ repo }) => repo).join(', ')}
-`,
-	);
-	return process.exit(1);
-};
+`;
 
-// TODO: Drop the wrapper function once we move to TS 3.8,
-// which will support top level await.
-async function main() {
+async function $main() {
 	const upstreams = await getUpstreams();
 
 	if (process.argv.length < 3) {
-		return printUsage(upstreams, '$upstreamName');
+		throw new Error(getUsage(upstreams, '$upstreamName'));
 	}
 
 	const upstreamName = process.argv[2];
@@ -90,16 +82,15 @@ async function main() {
 	const upstream = upstreams.find((v) => v.repo === upstreamName);
 
 	if (!upstream) {
-		console.error(
+		throw new Error(
 			`Invalid upstream name '${upstreamName}', valid options: ${upstreams
 				.map(({ repo }) => repo)
 				.join(', ')}`,
 		);
-		return process.exit(1);
 	}
 
 	if (process.argv.length < 4) {
-		printUsage(upstreams, upstreamName);
+		throw new Error(getUsage(upstreams, upstreamName));
 	}
 
 	const packageName = upstream.module || upstream.repo;
@@ -108,8 +99,7 @@ async function main() {
 	await run(`npm install ${packageName}@${process.argv[3]}`);
 	const newVersion = await getVersion(packageName);
 	if (newVersion === oldVersion) {
-		console.error(`Already on version '${newVersion}'`);
-		return process.exit(1);
+		throw new Error(`Already on version '${newVersion}'`);
 	}
 
 	console.log(`Updated ${upstreamName} from ${oldVersion} to ${newVersion}`);
@@ -137,4 +127,14 @@ async function main() {
 	);
 }
 
+async function main() {
+	try {
+		await $main();
+	} catch (e) {
+		console.error(e);
+		process.exitCode = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
 main();

automation/utils.ts

@@ -16,27 +16,10 @@
  */
 
 import { spawn } from 'child_process';
-import * as _ from 'lodash';
 import * as path from 'path';
 
 export const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, '..');
 
-const nodeEngineWarn = `\
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Warning: Node version "v14.x.x" does not match required versions ">=10.20.0 <13.0.0".
-This may cause unexpected behavior. To upgrade Node, visit:
-https://nodejs.org/en/download/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-`;
-const nodeEngineWarnArray = nodeEngineWarn.split('\n').filter((l) => l);
-
-export function matchesNodeEngineVersionWarn(line: string) {
-	line = line.replace(/"v14\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}"/, '"v14.x.x"');
-	return (
-		line === nodeEngineWarn || nodeEngineWarnArray.includes(line.trimEnd())
-	);
-}
-
 /** Tap and buffer this process' stdout and stderr */
 export class StdOutTap {
 	public stdoutBuf: string[] = [];
@@ -104,60 +87,6 @@ export function loadPackageJson() {
 	return require(path.join(ROOT, 'package.json'));
 }
 
-/**
- * Run the executable at execPath as a child process, and resolve a promise
- * to the executable's stdout output as a string. Reject the promise if
- * anything is printed to stderr, or if the child process exits with a
- * non-zero exit code.
- * @param execPath Executable path
- * @param args Command-line argument for the executable
- */
-export async function getSubprocessStdout(
-	execPath: string,
-	args: string[],
-): Promise<string> {
-	const child = spawn(execPath, args);
-	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-		let stdout = '';
-		child.stdout.on('error', reject);
-		child.stderr.on('error', reject);
-		child.stdout.on('data', (data: Buffer) => {
-			try {
-				stdout = data.toString();
-			} catch (err) {
-				reject(err);
-			}
-		});
-		child.stderr.on('data', (data: Buffer) => {
-			try {
-				const stderr = data.toString();
-
-				// ignore any debug lines, but ensure that we parse
-				// every line provided to the stderr stream
-				const lines = _.filter(
-					stderr.trim().split(/\r?\n/),
-					(line) =>
-						!line.startsWith('[debug]') && !matchesNodeEngineVersionWarn(line),
-				);
-				if (lines.length > 0) {
-					reject(
-						new Error(`"${execPath}": non-empty stderr "${lines.join('\n')}"`),
-					);
-				}
-			} catch (err) {
-				reject(err);
-			}
-		});
-		child.on('exit', (code: number) => {
-			if (code) {
-				reject(new Error(`"${execPath}": non-zero exit code "${code}"`));
-			} else {
-				resolve(stdout);
-			}
-		});
-	});
-}
-
 /**
  * Error handling wrapper around the npm `which` package:
  * "Like the unix which utility. Finds the first instance of a specified
@@ -187,7 +116,7 @@ export async function which(program: string): Promise<string> {
  */
 export async function whichSpawn(
 	programName: string,
-	args?: string[],
+	args: string[] = [],
 ): Promise<void> {
 	const program = await which(programName);
 	let error: Error | undefined;

balena-completion.bash

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-_balena_complete()
-{
-  local cur prev
-
-  # Valid top-level completions
-  commands="app apps build config deploy device devices env envs help key \
-            keys local login logout logs note os preload quickstart settings \
-            scan ssh util version whoami"
-  # Sub-completions
-  app_cmds="create restart rm"
-  config_cmds="generate inject read reconfigure write"
-  device_cmds="identify init move public-url reboot register rename rm \
-               shutdown"
-  device_public_url_cmds="disable enable status"
-  env_cmds="add rename rm"
-  key_cmds="add rm"
-  local_cmds="configure flash"
-  os_cmds="build-config configure download initialize versions"
-  util_cmds="available-drives"
-
-
-  COMPREPLY=()
-  cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
-  prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
-
-  if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ]
-  then
-    COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "${commands}" -- $cur) )
-  elif [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 2 ]
-  then
-    case "$prev" in
-      "app")
-        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$app_cmds" -- $cur) )
-        ;;
-      "config")
-        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$config_cmds" -- $cur) )
-        ;;
-      "device")
-        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$device_cmds" -- $cur) )
-        ;;
-      "env")
-        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$env_cmds" -- $cur) )
-        ;;
-      "key")
-        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$key_cmds" -- $cur) )
-        ;;
-      "local")
-        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$local_cmds" -- $cur) )
-        ;;
-      "os")
-        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$os_cmds" -- $cur) )
-        ;;
-      "util")
-        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$util_cmds" -- $cur) )
-        ;;
-      "*")
-        ;;
-    esac
-  elif [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 3 ]
-  then
-    case "$prev" in
-      "public-url")
-        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$device_public_url_cmds" -- $cur) )
-        ;;
-      "*")
-        ;;
-    esac
-  fi
-
-}
-complete -F _balena_complete balena

bin/balena

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 
-// tslint:disable:no-var-requires
-
 // We boost the threadpool size as ext2fs can deadlock with some
 // operations otherwise, if the pool runs out.
 process.env.UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE = '64';
@@ -9,14 +7,15 @@ process.env.UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE = '64';
 // Disable oclif registering ts-node
 process.env.OCLIF_TS_NODE = 0;
 
-// Use fast-boot to cache require lookups, speeding up startup
-require('fast-boot2').start({
-	cacheScope: __dirname + '/..',
-	cacheFile: __dirname + '/.fast-boot.json',
-});
+async function run() {
+	// Use fast-boot to cache require lookups, speeding up startup
+	await require('../build/fast-boot').start();
 
-// Set the desired es version for downstream modules that support it
-require('@balena/es-version').set('es2018');
+	// Set the desired es version for downstream modules that support it
+	require('@balena/es-version').set('es2018');
 
-// Run the CLI
-require('../build/app').run();
+	// Run the CLI
+	await require('../build/app').run(undefined, { dir: __dirname });
+}
+
+run();

bin/balena-dev

@@ -5,12 +5,26 @@
 // Before opening a PR you should build and test your changes using bin/balena
 // ****************************************************************************
 
-// tslint:disable:no-var-requires
-
 // We boost the threadpool size as ext2fs can deadlock with some
 // operations otherwise, if the pool runs out.
 process.env.UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE = '64';
 
+// Note on `fast-boot2`: We do not use `fast-boot2` with `balena-dev` because:
+// * fast-boot2's cacheKiller option is configured to include the timestamps of
+//   the package.json and npm-shrinkwrap.json files, to avoid unexpected CLI
+//   behavior when changes are made to dependencies during development. This is
+//   generally a good thing, however, `balena-dev` (a few lines below) edits
+//   `package.json` to modify oclif paths, and this results in cache
+//   invalidation and a performance hit rather than speedup.
+// * Even if the timestamps are removed from cacheKiller, so that there is no
+//   cache invalidation, fast-boot's speedup is barely noticeable when ts-node
+//   is used, e.g. 1.43s vs 1.4s when running `balena version`.
+// * `fast-boot` causes unexpected behavior when used with `npm link` or
+//   when the `node_modules` folder is manually modified (affecting transitive
+//   dependencies) during development (e.g. bug investigations). A workaround
+//   is to use `balena-dev` without `fast-boot`. See also notes in
+//   `CONTRIBUTING.md`.
+
 const path = require('path');
 const rootDir = path.join(__dirname, '..');
 
@@ -31,12 +45,6 @@ process.on('SIGINT', function () {
 	process.exit();
 });
 
-// Use fast-boot to cache require lookups, speeding up startup
-require('fast-boot2').start({
-	cacheScope: __dirname + '/..',
-	cacheFile: '.fast-boot.json',
-});
-
 // Set the desired es version for downstream modules that support it
 require('@balena/es-version').set('es2018');
 
@@ -49,7 +57,7 @@ require('ts-node').register({
 	project: path.join(rootDir, 'tsconfig.json'),
 	transpileOnly: true,
 });
-require('../lib/app').run();
+require('../lib/app').run(undefined, { dir: __dirname, development: true });
 
 // Modify package.json oclif paths from build/ -> lib/, or vice versa
 function modifyOclifPaths(revert) {

completion/_balena

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#compdef balena
+#autoload
+
+#GENERATED FILE DON'T MODIFY#
+
+_balena() {
+  typeset -A opt_args
+  local context state line curcontext="$curcontext"
+
+  # Valid top-level completions
+  main_commands=( api-key api-keys app block build config deploy device device devices env envs fleet fleet fleets internal join key key keys leave local login logout logs notes orgs os preload push release release releases scan settings ssh support tag tags tunnel util version whoami )
+  # Sub-completions
+  api_key_cmds=( generate revoke )
+  app_cmds=( create )
+  block_cmds=( create )
+  config_cmds=( generate inject read reconfigure write )
+  device_cmds=( deactivate identify init local-mode move os-update pin public-url purge reboot register rename restart rm shutdown start-service stop-service track-fleet )
+  devices_cmds=( supported )
+  env_cmds=( add rename rm )
+  fleet_cmds=( create pin purge rename restart rm track-latest )
+  internal_cmds=( osinit )
+  key_cmds=( add rm )
+  local_cmds=( configure flash )
+  os_cmds=( build-config configure download initialize versions )
+  release_cmds=( finalize invalidate validate )
+  tag_cmds=( rm set )
+
+
+  _arguments -C \
+    '(- 1 *)--version[show version and exit]' \
+    '(- 1 *)'{-h,--help}'[show help options and exit]' \
+    '1:first command:_balena_main_cmds' \
+    '2:second command:_balena_sec_cmds' \
+  && ret=0
+}
+
+(( $+functions[_balena_main_cmds] )) ||
+_balena_main_cmds() {
+  _describe -t main_commands 'command' main_commands "$@" && ret=0
+}
+
+(( $+functions[_balena_sec_cmds] )) ||
+_balena_sec_cmds() {
+  case $line[1] in
+      "api-key")
+        _describe -t api_key_cmds 'api-key_cmd' api_key_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "app")
+        _describe -t app_cmds 'app_cmd' app_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "block")
+        _describe -t block_cmds 'block_cmd' block_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "config")
+        _describe -t config_cmds 'config_cmd' config_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "device")
+        _describe -t device_cmds 'device_cmd' device_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "devices")
+        _describe -t devices_cmds 'devices_cmd' devices_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "env")
+        _describe -t env_cmds 'env_cmd' env_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "fleet")
+        _describe -t fleet_cmds 'fleet_cmd' fleet_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "internal")
+        _describe -t internal_cmds 'internal_cmd' internal_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "key")
+        _describe -t key_cmds 'key_cmd' key_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "local")
+        _describe -t local_cmds 'local_cmd' local_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "os")
+        _describe -t os_cmds 'os_cmd' os_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "release")
+        _describe -t release_cmds 'release_cmd' release_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+      "tag")
+        _describe -t tag_cmds 'tag_cmd' tag_cmds "$@" && ret=0
+      ;;
+
+  esac
+}
+
+_balena "$@"

completion/balena-completion.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+#GENERATED FILE DON'T MODIFY#
+
+_balena_complete()
+{
+  local cur prev
+
+  # Valid top-level completions
+  main_commands="api-key api-keys app block build config deploy device device devices env envs fleet fleet fleets internal join key key keys leave local login logout logs notes orgs os preload push release release releases scan settings ssh support tag tags tunnel util version whoami"
+  # Sub-completions
+  api_key_cmds="generate revoke"
+  app_cmds="create"
+  block_cmds="create"
+  config_cmds="generate inject read reconfigure write"
+  device_cmds="deactivate identify init local-mode move os-update pin public-url purge reboot register rename restart rm shutdown start-service stop-service track-fleet"
+  devices_cmds="supported"
+  env_cmds="add rename rm"
+  fleet_cmds="create pin purge rename restart rm track-latest"
+  internal_cmds="osinit"
+  key_cmds="add rm"
+  local_cmds="configure flash"
+  os_cmds="build-config configure download initialize versions"
+  release_cmds="finalize invalidate validate"
+  tag_cmds="rm set"
+
+
+
+  COMPREPLY=()
+  cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+  prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+
+  if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ]
+  then
+    COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "${main_commands}" -- $cur) )
+  elif [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 2 ]
+  then
+    case "$prev" in
+      api-key)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$api_key_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      app)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$app_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      block)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$block_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      config)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$config_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      device)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$device_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      devices)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$devices_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      env)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$env_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      fleet)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$fleet_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      internal)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$internal_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      key)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$key_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      local)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$local_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      os)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$os_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      release)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$release_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+      tag)
+        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$tag_cmds" -- $cur) )
+        ;;
+
+      "*")
+        ;;
+    esac
+  fi
+
+}
+complete -F _balena_complete balena

completion/generate-completion.js

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2021 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+const path = require('path');
+const rootDir = path.join(__dirname, '..');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const manifestFile = 'oclif.manifest.json';
+
+commandsFilePath = path.join(rootDir, manifestFile);
+if (fs.existsSync(commandsFilePath)) {
+	console.log('Generating shell auto completion files...');
+} else {
+	console.error(`generate-completion.js: Could not find "${manifestFile}"`);
+	process.exitCode = 1;
+	return;
+}
+
+const commandsJson = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(commandsFilePath, 'utf8'));
+
+const mainCommands = [];
+const additionalCommands = [];
+for (const key of Object.keys(commandsJson.commands)) {
+	const cmd = key.split(':');
+	if (cmd.length > 1) {
+		additionalCommands.push(cmd);
+		if (!mainCommands.includes(cmd[0])) {
+			mainCommands.push(cmd[0]);
+		}
+	} else {
+		mainCommands.push(cmd[0]);
+	}
+}
+const mainCommandsStr = mainCommands.join(' ');
+
+// GENERATE BASH COMPLETION FILE
+bashFilePathIn = path.join(__dirname, '/templates/bash.template');
+bashFilePathOut = path.join(__dirname, 'balena-completion.bash');
+
+try {
+	fs.unlinkSync(bashFilePathOut);
+} catch (error) {
+	process.exitCode = 1;
+	return console.error(error);
+}
+
+fs.readFile(bashFilePathIn, 'utf8', function (err, data) {
+	if (err) {
+		process.exitCode = 1;
+		return console.error(err);
+	}
+
+	data = data.replace(
+		'#TEMPLATE FILE FOR BASH COMPLETION#',
+		"#GENERATED FILE DON'T MODIFY#",
+	);
+
+	data = data.replace(
+		/\$main_commands\$/g,
+		'main_commands="' + mainCommandsStr + '"',
+	);
+	let subCommands = [];
+	let prevElement = additionalCommands[0][0];
+	additionalCommands.forEach(function (element) {
+		if (element[0] === prevElement) {
+			subCommands.push(element[1]);
+		} else {
+			const prevElement2 = prevElement.replace(/-/g, '_') + '_cmds';
+			data = data.replace(
+				/\$sub_cmds\$/g,
+				'  ' + prevElement2 + '="' + subCommands.join(' ') + '"\n$sub_cmds$',
+			);
+			data = data.replace(
+				/\$sub_cmds_prev\$/g,
+				'      ' +
+					prevElement +
+					')\n        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$' +
+					prevElement2 +
+					'" -- $cur) )\n        ;;\n$sub_cmds_prev$',
+			);
+			prevElement = element[0];
+			subCommands = [];
+			subCommands.push(element[1]);
+		}
+	});
+	// cleanup placeholders
+	data = data.replace(/\$sub_cmds\$/g, '');
+	data = data.replace(/\$sub_cmds_prev\$/g, '');
+
+	fs.writeFile(bashFilePathOut, data, 'utf8', function (error) {
+		if (error) {
+			process.exitCode = 1;
+			return console.error(error);
+		}
+	});
+});
+
+// GENERATE ZSH COMPLETION FILE
+zshFilePathIn = path.join(__dirname, '/templates/zsh.template');
+zshFilePathOut = path.join(__dirname, '_balena');
+
+try {
+	fs.unlinkSync(zshFilePathOut);
+} catch (error) {
+	process.exitCode = 1;
+	return console.error(error);
+}
+
+fs.readFile(zshFilePathIn, 'utf8', function (err, data) {
+	if (err) {
+		process.exitCode = 1;
+		return console.error(err);
+	}
+
+	data = data.replace(
+		'#TEMPLATE FILE FOR ZSH COMPLETION#',
+		"#GENERATED FILE DON'T MODIFY#",
+	);
+
+	data = data.replace(
+		/\$main_commands\$/g,
+		'main_commands=( ' + mainCommandsStr + ' )',
+	);
+	let subCommands = [];
+	let prevElement = additionalCommands[0][0];
+	additionalCommands.forEach(function (element) {
+		if (element[0] === prevElement) {
+			subCommands.push(element[1]);
+		} else {
+			const prevElement2 = prevElement.replace(/-/g, '_') + '_cmds';
+			data = data.replace(
+				/\$sub_cmds\$/g,
+				'  ' + prevElement2 + '=( ' + subCommands.join(' ') + ' )\n$sub_cmds$',
+			);
+			data = data.replace(
+				/\$sub_cmds_prev\$/g,
+				'      "' +
+					prevElement +
+					'")\n        _describe -t ' +
+					prevElement2 +
+					" '" +
+					prevElement +
+					"_cmd' " +
+					prevElement2 +
+					' "$@" && ret=0\n      ;;\n$sub_cmds_prev$',
+			);
+			prevElement = element[0];
+			subCommands = [];
+			subCommands.push(element[1]);
+		}
+	});
+	// cleanup placeholders
+	data = data.replace(/\$sub_cmds\$/g, '');
+	data = data.replace(/\$sub_cmds_prev\$/g, '');
+
+	fs.writeFile(zshFilePathOut, data, 'utf8', function (error) {
+		if (error) {
+			process.exitCode = 1;
+			return console.error(error);
+		}
+	});
+});

completion/templates/bash.template

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+#TEMPLATE FILE FOR BASH COMPLETION#
+
+_balena_complete()
+{
+  local cur prev
+
+  # Valid top-level completions
+  $main_commands$
+  # Sub-completions
+$sub_cmds$
+
+
+  COMPREPLY=()
+  cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+  prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+
+  if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ]
+  then
+    COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "${main_commands}" -- $cur) )
+  elif [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 2 ]
+  then
+    case "$prev" in
+$sub_cmds_prev$
+      "*")
+        ;;
+    esac
+  fi
+
+}
+complete -F _balena_complete balena

completion/templates/zsh.template

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#compdef balena
+#autoload
+
+#TEMPLATE FILE FOR ZSH COMPLETION#
+
+_balena() {
+  typeset -A opt_args
+  local context state line curcontext="$curcontext"
+
+  # Valid top-level completions
+  $main_commands$
+  # Sub-completions
+$sub_cmds$
+
+  _arguments -C \
+    '(- 1 *)--version[show version and exit]' \
+    '(- 1 *)'{-h,--help}'[show help options and exit]' \
+    '1:first command:_balena_main_cmds' \
+    '2:second command:_balena_sec_cmds' \
+  && ret=0
+}
+
+(( $+functions[_balena_main_cmds] )) ||
+_balena_main_cmds() {
+  _describe -t main_commands 'command' main_commands "$@" && ret=0
+}
+
+(( $+functions[_balena_sec_cmds] )) ||
+_balena_sec_cmds() {
+  case $line[1] in
+$sub_cmds_prev$
+  esac
+}
+
+_balena "$@"

doc/automated-init.md

@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-# Provisioning balena devices in automated (non-interactive) mode
-
-This document describes how to run the `device init` command in non-interactive mode.
-
-It requires collecting some preliminary information _once_.
-
-The final command to provision the device looks like this:
-
-```bash
-balena device init --app APP_ID --os-version OS_VERSION --drive DRIVE --config CONFIG_FILE --yes
-
-```
-
-You can run this command as many times as you need, putting the new medium (SD card / USB stick) each time.
-
-But before you can run it you need to collect the parameters and build the configuration file. Keep reading to figure out how to do it.
-
-
-## Collect all the required parameters.
-
-1. `DEVICE_TYPE`. Run
-	```bash
-	balena devices supported
-	```
-	and find the _slug_ for your target device type, like _raspberrypi3_.
-
-1. `APP_ID`. Create an application (`balena app create APP_NAME --type DEVICE_TYPE`) or find an existing one (`balena apps`) and notice its ID.
-
-1. `OS_VERSION`. Run
-	```bash
-	balena os versions DEVICE_TYPE
-	```
-	and pick the version that you need, like _v2.0.6+rev1.prod_.
-	_Note_ that even though we support _semver ranges_ it's recommended to use the exact version when doing the automated provisioning as it
-	guarantees full compatibility between the steps.
-
-1. `DRIVE`. Plug in your target medium (SD card or the USB stick, depending on your device type) and run
-	```bash
-	balena util available-drives
-	```
-	and get the drive name, like _/dev/sdb_ or _/dev/mmcblk0_.
-	The balena CLI will not display the system drives to protect you,
-	but still please check very carefully that you've picked the correct drive as it will be erased during the provisioning process.
-
-Now we have all the parameters -- time to build the config file.
-
-## Build the config file
-
-Interactive device provisioning process often includes collecting some extra device configuration, like the networking mode and wifi credentials.
-
-To skip this interactive step we need to buid this configuration once and save it to the JSON file for later reuse.
-
-Let's say we will place it into the `CONFIG_FILE` path, like _./balena-os/raspberrypi3-config.json_.
-
-We also need to put the OS image somewhere, let's call this path `OS_IMAGE_PATH`, it can be something like _./balena-os/raspberrypi3-v2.0.6+rev1.prod.img_.
-
-1. First we need to download the OS image once. That's needed for building the config, and will speedup the subsequent operations as the downloaded OS image is placed into the local cache.
-
-	Run:
-	```bash
-	balena os download DEVICE_TYPE --output OS_IMAGE_PATH --version OS_VERSION
-	```
-
-1. Now we're ready to build the config:
-
-	```bash
-	balena os build-config OS_IMAGE_PATH DEVICE_TYPE --output CONFIG_FILE
-	```
-
-	This will run you through the interactive configuration wizard and in the end save the generated config as `CONFIG_FILE`. You can then verify it's not empty:
-
-	```bash
-	cat CONFIG_FILE
-	```
-
-## Done
-
-Now you're ready to run the command in the beginning of this guide.
-
-Please note again that all of these steps only need to be done once (unless you need to change something), and once all the parameters are collected the main init command can be run unchanged.
-
-But there are still some nuances to cover, please read below. 
-
-## Nuances
-
-### `sudo` password on *nix systems
-
-In order to write the image to the raw device we need the root permissions, this is unavoidable.
-
-To improve the security we only run the minimal subcommand with `sudo`.
-
-This means that with the default setup you're interrupted closer to the end of the device init process to enter your sudo password for this subcommand to work.
-
-There are several ways to eliminate it and make the process fully non-interactive.
-
-#### Option 1: make passwordless sudo.
-
-Obviously you shouldn't do that if the machine you're working on has access to any sensitive resources or information.
-
-But if you're using a machine dedicated to balena provisioning this can be fine, and also the simplest thing to do.
-
-#### Option 2: `NOPASSWD` directive
-
-You can configure the `balena` CLI command to be sudo-runnable without the password. Check [this post](https://askubuntu.com/questions/159007/how-do-i-run-specific-sudo-commands-without-a-password) for an example.
-
-### Extra initialization config
-
-As of June 2017 all the supported devices should not require any other interactive configuration.
-
-But by the design of our system it is _possible_ (though it doesn't look very likely it's going to happen any time soon) that some extra initialization options may be requested for the specific device types.
-
-If that is the case please raise the issue in the balena CLI repository and the maintainers will add the necessary options to build the similar JSON config for this step.

gulpfile.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-const gulp = require('gulp');
-const inlinesource = require('gulp-inline-source');
-
-const OPTIONS = {
-	files: {
-		pages: 'lib/auth/pages/*.ejs',
-	},
-};
-
-gulp.task('pages', () =>
-	gulp
-		.src(OPTIONS.files.pages)
-		.pipe(inlinesource())
-		.pipe(gulp.dest('build/auth/pages')),
-);

lib/app.ts

@@ -16,8 +16,15 @@
  */
 
 import * as packageJSON from '../package.json';
+import {
+	AppOptions,
+	checkDeletedCommand,
+	preparseArgs,
+	unsupportedFlag,
+} from './preparser';
 import { CliSettings } from './utils/bootstrap';
-import { onceAsync, stripIndent } from './utils/lazy';
+import { onceAsync } from './utils/lazy';
+import { run as mainRun, settings } from '@oclif/core';
 
 /**
  * Sentry.io setup
@@ -27,6 +34,7 @@ export const setupSentry = onceAsync(async () => {
 	const config = await import('./config');
 	const Sentry = await import('@sentry/node');
 	Sentry.init({
+		autoSessionTracking: false,
 		dsn: config.sentryDsn,
 		release: packageJSON.version,
 	});
@@ -43,13 +51,8 @@ export const setupSentry = onceAsync(async () => {
 async function checkNodeVersion() {
 	const validNodeVersions = packageJSON.engines.node;
 	if (!(await import('semver')).satisfies(process.version, validNodeVersions)) {
-		console.warn(stripIndent`
-			------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-			Warning: Node version "${process.version}" does not match required versions "${validNodeVersions}".
-			This may cause unexpected behavior. To upgrade Node, visit:
-			https://nodejs.org/en/download/
-			------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-			`);
+		const { getNodeEngineVersionWarn } = await import('./utils/messages');
+		console.warn(getNodeEngineVersionWarn(process.version, validNodeVersions));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -75,11 +78,13 @@ export function setMaxListeners(maxListeners: number) {
 /** Selected CLI initialization steps */
 async function init() {
 	if (process.env.BALENARC_NO_SENTRY) {
-		console.error(`WARN: disabling Sentry.io error reporting`);
+		if (process.env.DEBUG) {
+			console.error(`WARN: disabling Sentry.io error reporting`);
+		}
 	} else {
 		await setupSentry();
 	}
-	checkNodeVersion();
+	await checkNodeVersion();
 
 	const settings = new CliSettings();
 
@@ -89,43 +94,76 @@ async function init() {
 	setupBalenaSdkSharedOptions(settings);
 
 	// check for CLI updates once a day
-	(await import('./utils/update')).notify();
+	if (!process.env.BALENARC_OFFLINE_MODE) {
+		(await import('./utils/update')).notify();
+	}
 }
 
 /** Execute the oclif parser and the CLI command. */
-async function oclifRun(
-	command: string[],
-	options: import('./preparser').AppOptions,
-) {
-	const { CustomMain } = await import('./utils/oclif-utils');
-	const runPromise = CustomMain.run(command).then(
-		() => {
-			if (!options.noFlush) {
-				return require('@oclif/command/flush');
+async function oclifRun(command: string[], options: AppOptions) {
+	let deprecationPromise: Promise<void>;
+	// check and enforce the CLI's deprecation policy
+	if (unsupportedFlag || process.env.BALENARC_UNSUPPORTED) {
+		deprecationPromise = Promise.resolve();
+	} else {
+		const { DeprecationChecker } = await import('./deprecation');
+		const deprecationChecker = new DeprecationChecker(packageJSON.version);
+		// warnAndAbortIfDeprecated uses previously cached data only
+		await deprecationChecker.warnAndAbortIfDeprecated();
+		// checkForNewReleasesIfNeeded may query the npm registry
+		deprecationPromise = deprecationChecker.checkForNewReleasesIfNeeded();
+	}
+
+	const runPromise = (async function (shouldFlush: boolean) {
+		let isEEXIT = false;
+		try {
+			if (options.development) {
+				// In dev mode -> use ts-node and dev plugins
+				process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';
+				settings.debug = true;
 			}
-		},
-		(error) => {
-			// oclif sometimes exits with ExitError code 0 (not an error)
+			// For posteriority: We can't use default oclif 'execute' as
+			// We customize error handling and flushing
+			await mainRun(command, options.loadOptions ?? options.dir);
+		} catch (error) {
+			// oclif sometimes exits with ExitError code EEXIT 0 (not an error),
+			// for example the `balena help` command.
 			// (Avoid `error instanceof ExitError` here for the reasons explained
 			// in the CONTRIBUTING.md file regarding the `instanceof` operator.)
 			if (error.oclif?.exit === 0) {
-				return;
+				isEEXIT = true;
 			} else {
 				throw error;
 			}
-		},
-	);
+		}
+		if (shouldFlush) {
+			await import('@oclif/core/flush');
+		}
+		// TODO: figure out why we need to call fast-boot stop() here, in
+		// addition to calling it in the main `run()` function in this file.
+		// If it is not called here as well, there is a process exit delay of
+		// 1 second when the fast-boot2 cache is modified (1 second is the
+		// default cache saving timeout). Try for example `balena help`.
+		// I have found that, when oclif's `Error: EEXIT: 0` is caught in
+		// the try/catch block above, execution does not get past the
+		// Promise.all() call below, but I don't understand why.
+		if (isEEXIT) {
+			(await import('./fast-boot')).stop();
+		}
+	})(!options.noFlush);
+
 	const { trackPromise } = await import('./hooks/prerun/track');
-	await Promise.all([trackPromise, runPromise]);
+
+	await Promise.all([trackPromise, deprecationPromise, runPromise]);
 }
 
 /** CLI entrypoint. Called by the `bin/balena` and `bin/balena-dev` scripts. */
-export async function run(
-	cliArgs = process.argv,
-	options: import('./preparser').AppOptions = {},
-) {
+export async function run(cliArgs = process.argv, options: AppOptions) {
 	try {
-		const { normalizeEnvVars, pkgExec } = await import('./utils/bootstrap');
+		const { setOfflineModeEnvVars, normalizeEnvVars, pkgExec } = await import(
+			'./utils/bootstrap'
+		);
+		setOfflineModeEnvVars();
 		normalizeEnvVars();
 
 		// The 'pkgExec' special/internal command provides a Node.js interpreter
@@ -136,8 +174,6 @@ export async function run(
 
 		await init();
 
-		const { preparseArgs, checkDeletedCommand } = await import('./preparser');
-
 		// Look for commands that have been removed and if so, exit with a notice
 		checkDeletedCommand(cliArgs.slice(2));
 
@@ -146,6 +182,13 @@ export async function run(
 	} catch (err) {
 		await (await import('./errors')).handleError(err);
 	} finally {
+		try {
+			(await import('./fast-boot')).stop();
+		} catch (e) {
+			if (process.env.DEBUG) {
+				console.error(`[debug] Stopping fast-boot: ${e}`);
+			}
+		}
 		// Windows fix: reading from stdin prevents the process from exiting
 		process.stdin.pause();
 	}

lib/auth/index.ts

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ export async function login({ host = '127.0.0.1', port = 0 }) {
 
 	console.info(`Opening web browser for URL:\n${loginUrl}`);
 	const open = await import('open');
-	open(loginUrl, { wait: false });
+	await open(loginUrl, { wait: false });
 
 	const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 	const token = await loginServer.awaitForToken();

lib/auth/server.ts

@@ -59,14 +59,15 @@ export class LoginServer extends EventEmitter {
 		app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'pages'));
 
 		this.server = await new Promise<import('net').Server>((resolve, reject) => {
-			const server = app.listen(port, host, (err: Error) => {
+			const callback = (err: Error) => {
 				if (err) {
 					this.emit('error', err);
 					reject(err);
 				} else {
 					resolve(server);
 				}
-			});
+			};
+			const server = app.listen(port, host, callback as any);
 			server.on('connection', (socket) => this.serverSockets.push(socket));
 		});
 

lib/auth/utils.ts

@@ -14,57 +14,44 @@ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
 */
 
-import * as _ from 'lodash';
-import * as url from 'url';
 import { getBalenaSdk } from '../utils/lazy';
 
 /**
- * @summary Get dashboard CLI login URL
- * @function
- * @protected
+ * Get dashboard CLI login URL
  *
- * @param {String} callbackUrl - callback url
- * @fulfil {String} - dashboard login url
- * @returns {Promise}
- *
- * @example
- * utils.getDashboardLoginURL('http://127.0.0.1:3000').then (url) ->
- * 	console.log(url)
+ * @param callbackUrl - Callback url, e.g. 'http://127.0.0.1:3000'
+ * @returns Dashboard login URL, e.g.:
+ * 'https://dashboard.balena-cloud.com/login/cli/http%253A%252F%252F127.0.0.1%253A59581%252Fauth'
  */
-export const getDashboardLoginURL = (callbackUrl: string) => {
+export async function getDashboardLoginURL(
+	callbackUrl: string,
+): Promise<string> {
 	// Encode percentages signs from the escaped url
 	// characters to avoid angular getting confused.
 	callbackUrl = encodeURIComponent(callbackUrl).replace(/%/g, '%25');
 
-	return getBalenaSdk()
-		.settings.get('dashboardUrl')
-		.then((dashboardUrl) =>
-			url.resolve(dashboardUrl, `/login/cli/${callbackUrl}`),
-		);
-};
+	const [{ URL }, dashboardUrl] = await Promise.all([
+		import('url'),
+		getBalenaSdk().settings.get('dashboardUrl'),
+	]);
+	return new URL(`/login/cli/${callbackUrl}`, dashboardUrl).href;
+}
 
 /**
- * @summary Log in using a token, but only if the token is valid
- * @function
- * @protected
+ * Log in using a token, but only if the token is valid.
  *
- * @description
  * This function checks that the token is not only well-structured
  * but that it also authenticates with the server successfully.
  *
  * If authenticated, the token is persisted, if not then the previous
  * login state is restored.
  *
- * @param {String} token - session token or api key
- * @fulfil {Boolean} - whether the login was successful or not
- * @returns {Promise}
- *
- * utils.loginIfTokenValid('...').then (loggedIn) ->
- *   if loggedIn
- *     console.log('Token is valid!')
+ * @param token - session token or api key
+ * @returns whether the login was successful or not
  */
-export const loginIfTokenValid = async (token: string): Promise<boolean> => {
-	if (_.isEmpty(token?.trim())) {
+export async function loginIfTokenValid(token?: string): Promise<boolean> {
+	token = (token || '').trim();
+	if (!token) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	const balena = getBalenaSdk();
@@ -86,4 +73,4 @@ export const loginIfTokenValid = async (token: string): Promise<boolean> => {
 		}
 	}
 	return isLoggedIn;
-};
+}

lib/command.ts

@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import Command from '@oclif/command';
-import { InsufficientPrivilegesError } from './errors';
+import { Command } from '@oclif/core';
+import {
+	InsufficientPrivilegesError,
+	NotAvailableInOfflineModeError,
+} from './errors';
+import { stripIndent } from './utils/lazy';
+import * as output from './framework/output';
 
 export default abstract class BalenaCommand extends Command {
 	/**
@@ -40,6 +45,13 @@ export default abstract class BalenaCommand extends Command {
 	 */
 	public static authenticated = false;
 
+	/**
+	 * Require an internet connection to run.
+	 * When set to true, command will exit with an error
+	 * if user is running in offline mode (BALENARC_OFFLINE_MODE).
+	 */
+	public static offlineCompatible = false;
+
 	/**
 	 * Accept piped input.
 	 * When set to true, command will read from stdin during init
@@ -97,6 +109,29 @@ export default abstract class BalenaCommand extends Command {
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Throw NotAvailableInOfflineModeError if in offline mode.
+	 *
+	 * Called automatically if `onlineOnly=true`.
+	 * Can be called explicitly by command implementation, if e.g.:
+	 *  - check should only be done conditionally
+	 *  - other code needs to execute before check
+	 *
+	 *  Note, currently public to allow use outside of derived commands
+	 *  (as some command implementations require this. Can be made protected
+	 *  if this changes).
+	 *
+	 * @throws {NotAvailableInOfflineModeError}
+	 */
+	public static checkNotUsingOfflineMode() {
+		if (process.env.BALENARC_OFFLINE_MODE) {
+			throw new NotAvailableInOfflineModeError(stripIndent`
+		This command requires an internet connection, and cannot be used in offline mode.
+		To leave offline mode, unset the BALENARC_OFFLINE_MODE environment variable.
+		`);
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Read stdin contents and make available to command.
 	 *
@@ -125,8 +160,15 @@ export default abstract class BalenaCommand extends Command {
 			await BalenaCommand.checkLoggedIn();
 		}
 
+		if (!ctr.offlineCompatible) {
+			BalenaCommand.checkNotUsingOfflineMode();
+		}
+
 		if (ctr.readStdin) {
 			await this.getStdin();
 		}
 	}
+
+	protected outputMessage = output.outputMessage;
+	protected outputData = output.outputData;
 }

lib/commands/api-key/generate.ts

@@ -15,20 +15,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	name: string;
-}
-
 export default class GenerateCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Generate a new balenaCloud API key.
@@ -41,24 +33,23 @@ export default class GenerateCmd extends Command {
 `;
 	public static examples = ['$ balena api-key generate "Jenkins Key"'];
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'name',
+	public static args = {
+		name: Args.string({
 			description: 'the API key name',
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'api-key generate <name>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(GenerateCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(GenerateCmd);
 
 		let key;
 		try {

lib/commands/api-key/revoke.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+
+export default class RevokeCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Revoke balenaCloud API keys.
+
+		Revoke balenaCloud API keys with the given
+		comma-separated list of ids.
+
+		The given balenaCloud API keys will no longer be usable.
+`;
+	public static examples = [
+		'$ balena api-key revoke 123',
+		'$ balena api-key revoke 123,124,456',
+	];
+
+	public static args = {
+		ids: Args.string({
+			description: 'the API key ids',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+	};
+
+	public static usage = 'api-key revoke <ids>';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		help: cf.help,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(RevokeCmd);
+
+		const apiKeyIds = params.ids.split(',');
+		if (apiKeyIds.filter((apiKeyId) => !apiKeyId.match(/^\d+$/)).length > 0) {
+			console.log('API key ids must be positive integers');
+			return;
+		}
+		await Promise.all(
+			apiKeyIds.map(
+				async (id) => await getBalenaSdk().models.apiKey.revoke(Number(id)),
+			),
+		);
+		console.log('Successfully revoked the given API keys');
+	}
+}

lib/commands/api-keys/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Flags } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+
+export default class ApiKeysCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Print a list of balenaCloud API keys.
+
+		Print a list of balenaCloud API keys.
+
+		Print a list of balenaCloud API keys for the current user or for a specific fleet with the \`--fleet\` option.
+`;
+	public static examples = ['$ balena api-keys'];
+
+	public static usage = 'api-keys';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		help: cf.help,
+		user: Flags.boolean({
+			char: 'u',
+			description: 'show API keys for your user',
+		}),
+		fleet: cf.fleet,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { flags: options } = await this.parse(ApiKeysCmd);
+
+		const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
+		const actorId = options.fleet
+			? (
+					await getApplication(getBalenaSdk(), options.fleet, {
+						$select: 'actor',
+					})
+			  ).actor
+			: await getBalenaSdk().auth.getActorId();
+		const keys = await getBalenaSdk().pine.get({
+			resource: 'api_key',
+			options: {
+				$select: ['id', 'created_at', 'name', 'description', 'expiry_date'],
+				$filter: {
+					is_of__actor: actorId,
+					...(options.user
+						? {
+								name: {
+									$ne: null,
+								},
+						  }
+						: {}),
+				},
+				$orderby: 'name asc',
+			},
+		});
+		const fields = ['id', 'name', 'created_at', 'description', 'expiry_date'];
+		const _ = await import('lodash');
+		console.log(
+			getVisuals().table.horizontal(
+				keys.map((key) => _.mapValues(key, (val) => val ?? 'N/a')),
+				fields,
+			),
+		);
+	}
+}

lib/commands/app/create.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ * Copyright 2016-2021 Balena Ltd.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,35 +15,24 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Flags, Args } from '@oclif/core';
+
 import Command from '../../command';
-import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
-import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import type { Application } from 'balena-sdk';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	organization?: string;
-	type?: string; // application device type
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	name: string;
-}
+import { stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 
 export default class AppCreateCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Create an application.
+		Create an app.
 
-		Create a new balena application.
+		Create a new balena app.
 
-		You can specify the organization the application should belong to using
+		You can specify the organization the app should belong to using
 		the \`--organization\` option. The organization's handle, not its name,
 		should be provided. Organization handles can be listed with the
 		\`balena orgs\` command.
 
-		The application's default device type is specified with the \`--type\` option.
+		The app's default device type is specified with the \`--type\` option.
 		The \`balena devices supported\` command can be used to list the available
 		device types.
 
@@ -60,26 +49,24 @@ export default class AppCreateCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena app create MyApp -o myorg --type raspberry-pi',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'name',
-			description: 'application name',
+	public static args = {
+		name: Args.string({
+			description: 'app name',
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'app create <name>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		organization: flags.string({
+	public static flags = {
+		organization: Flags.string({
 			char: 'o',
-			description:
-				'handle of the organization the application should belong to',
+			description: 'handle of the organization the app should belong to',
 		}),
-		type: flags.string({
+		type: Flags.string({
 			char: 't',
 			description:
-				'application device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`)',
+				'app device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`)',
 		}),
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
@@ -87,66 +74,10 @@ export default class AppCreateCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			AppCreateCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(AppCreateCmd);
 
-		// Ascertain device type
-		const deviceType =
-			options.type ||
-			(await (await import('../../utils/patterns')).selectDeviceType());
-
-		// Ascertain organization
-		const organization =
-			options.organization?.toLowerCase() || (await this.getOrganization());
-
-		// Create application
-		let application: Application;
-		try {
-			application = await getBalenaSdk().models.application.create({
-				name: params.name,
-				deviceType,
-				organization,
-			});
-		} catch (err) {
-			if ((err.message || '').toLowerCase().includes('unique')) {
-				// BalenaRequestError: Request error: "organization" and "app_name" must be unique.
-				throw new ExpectedError(
-					`Error: application "${params.name}" already exists in organization "${organization}".`,
-				);
-			} else if ((err.message || '').toLowerCase().includes('unauthorized')) {
-				// BalenaRequestError: Request error: Unauthorized
-				throw new ExpectedError(
-					`Error: You are not authorized to create applications in organization "${organization}".`,
-				);
-			}
-
-			throw err;
-		}
-
-		// Output
-		const { isV13 } = await import('../../utils/version');
-		console.log(
-			isV13()
-				? `Application created: slug "${application.slug}", device type "${deviceType}"`
-				: `Application created: ${application.slug} (${deviceType}, id ${application.id})`,
-		);
-	}
-
-	async getOrganization() {
-		const { getOwnOrganizations } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
-		const organizations = await getOwnOrganizations(getBalenaSdk());
-
-		if (organizations.length === 0) {
-			// User is not a member of any organizations (should not happen).
-			throw new Error('This account is not a member of any organizations');
-		} else if (organizations.length === 1) {
-			// User is a member of only one organization - use this.
-			return organizations[0].handle;
-		} else {
-			// User is a member of multiple organizations -
-			const { selectOrganization } = await import('../../utils/patterns');
-			return selectOrganization(organizations);
-		}
+		await (
+			await import('../../utils/application-create')
+		).applicationCreateBase('app', options, params);
 	}
 }

lib/commands/app/index.ts

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @license
- * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import Command from '../../command';
-import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
-import * as ca from '../../utils/common-args';
-import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
-import type { Release } from 'balena-sdk';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	application: string;
-}
-
-export default class AppCmd extends Command {
-	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Display information about a single application.
-
-		Display detailed information about a single balena application.
-
-		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
-`;
-	public static examples = ['$ balena app MyApp', '$ balena app myorg/myapp'];
-
-	public static args = [ca.applicationRequired];
-
-	public static usage = 'app <nameOrSlug>';
-
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		help: cf.help,
-	};
-
-	public static authenticated = true;
-	public static primary = true;
-
-	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(AppCmd);
-
-		const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
-
-		const application = (await getApplication(
-			getBalenaSdk(),
-			params.application,
-			{
-				$expand: {
-					is_for__device_type: { $select: 'slug' },
-					should_be_running__release: { $select: 'commit' },
-				},
-			},
-		)) as ApplicationWithDeviceType & {
-			should_be_running__release: [Release?];
-			// For display purposes:
-			device_type: string;
-			commit?: string;
-		};
-
-		application.device_type = application.is_for__device_type[0].slug;
-		application.commit = application.should_be_running__release[0]?.commit;
-
-		// Emulate table.vertical title output, but avoid uppercasing and inserting spaces
-		console.log(`== ${application.app_name}`);
-		console.log(
-			getVisuals().table.vertical(application, [
-				'id',
-				'device_type',
-				'slug',
-				'commit',
-			]),
-		);
-	}
-}

lib/commands/block/create.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2021 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Flags, Args } from '@oclif/core';
+
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+
+export default class BlockCreateCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Create an block.
+
+		Create a new balena block.
+
+		You can specify the organization the block should belong to using
+		the \`--organization\` option. The organization's handle, not its name,
+		should be provided. Organization handles can be listed with the
+		\`balena orgs\` command.
+
+		The block's default device type is specified with the \`--type\` option.
+		The \`balena devices supported\` command can be used to list the available
+		device types.
+
+		Interactive dropdowns will be shown for selection if no device type or
+		organization is specified and there are multiple options to choose from.
+		If there is a single option to choose from, it will be chosen automatically.
+		This interactive behavior can be disabled by explicitly specifying a device
+		type and organization.
+	`;
+
+	public static examples = [
+		'$ balena block create MyBlock',
+		'$ balena block create MyBlock --organization mmyorg',
+		'$ balena block create MyBlock -o myorg --type raspberry-pi',
+	];
+
+	public static args = {
+		name: Args.string({
+			description: 'block name',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+	};
+
+	public static usage = 'block create <name>';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		organization: Flags.string({
+			char: 'o',
+			description: 'handle of the organization the block should belong to',
+		}),
+		type: Flags.string({
+			char: 't',
+			description:
+				'block device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`)',
+		}),
+		help: cf.help,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(BlockCreateCmd);
+
+		await (
+			await import('../../utils/application-create')
+		).applicationCreateBase('block', options, params);
+	}
+}

lib/commands/build/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ * Copyright 2016-2021 Balena Ltd.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,33 +15,33 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import Command from '../command';
-import { getBalenaSdk } from '../utils/lazy';
-import * as compose from '../utils/compose';
-import type { Application, ApplicationType, BalenaSDK } from 'balena-sdk';
+import { Args, Flags } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import { getBalenaSdk } from '../../utils/lazy';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import * as compose from '../../utils/compose';
+import type { ApplicationType, BalenaSDK } from 'balena-sdk';
 import {
 	buildArgDeprecation,
 	dockerignoreHelp,
 	registrySecretsHelp,
-} from '../utils/messages';
-import type { ComposeCliFlags, ComposeOpts } from '../utils/compose-types';
-import { buildProject, composeCliFlags } from '../utils/compose_ts';
-import type { BuildOpts, DockerCliFlags } from '../utils/docker';
-import { dockerCliFlags } from '../utils/docker';
+} from '../../utils/messages';
+import type { ComposeCliFlags, ComposeOpts } from '../../utils/compose-types';
+import { buildProject, composeCliFlags } from '../../utils/compose_ts';
+import type { BuildOpts, DockerCliFlags } from '../../utils/docker';
+import { dockerCliFlags } from '../../utils/docker';
 
+// TODO: For this special one we can't use Interfaces.InferredFlags/InferredArgs
+// because of the 'registry-secrets' type which is defined in the actual code
+// as a path (string | undefined) but then the cli turns it into an object
 interface FlagsDef extends ComposeCliFlags, DockerCliFlags {
 	arch?: string;
 	deviceType?: string;
-	application?: string;
+	fleet?: string;
 	source?: string; // Not part of command profile - source param copied here.
 	help: void;
 }
 
-interface ArgsDef {
-	source?: string;
-}
-
 export default class BuildCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = `\
 Build a project locally.
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ the provided docker daemon in your development machine or balena device.
 (See also the \`balena push\` command for the option of building images in the
 balenaCloud build servers.)
 
-You must provide either an application or a device-type/architecture pair.
+You must specify either a fleet, or the device type and architecture.
 
 This command will look into the given source directory (or the current working
 directory if one isn't specified) for a docker-compose.yml file, and if found,
@@ -65,54 +65,44 @@ ${registrySecretsHelp}
 ${dockerignoreHelp}
 `;
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena build --application myApp',
-		'$ balena build ./source/ --application myApp',
+		'$ balena build --fleet myFleet',
+		'$ balena build ./source/ --fleet myorg/myfleet',
 		'$ balena build --deviceType raspberrypi3 --arch armv7hf --emulated',
-		'$ balena build --docker /var/run/docker.sock --application myApp   # Linux, Mac',
-		'$ balena build --docker //./pipe/docker_engine --application myApp # Windows',
-		'$ balena build --dockerHost my.docker.host --dockerPort 2376 --ca ca.pem --key key.pem --cert cert.pem -a myApp',
+		'$ balena build --docker /var/run/docker.sock --fleet myFleet   # Linux, Mac',
+		'$ balena build --docker //./pipe/docker_engine --fleet myFleet # Windows',
+		'$ balena build --dockerHost my.docker.host --dockerPort 2376 --ca ca.pem --key key.pem --cert cert.pem -f myFleet',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'source',
-			description: 'path of project source directory',
-		},
-	];
+	public static args = {
+		source: Args.string({ description: 'path of project source directory' }),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'build [source]';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		arch: flags.string({
+	public static flags = {
+		arch: Flags.string({
 			description: 'the architecture to build for',
 			char: 'A',
 		}),
-		deviceType: flags.string({
+		deviceType: Flags.string({
 			description: 'the type of device this build is for',
 			char: 'd',
 		}),
-		application: flags.string({
-			description: 'name of the target balena application this build is for',
-			char: 'a',
-		}),
+		fleet: cf.fleet,
 		...composeCliFlags,
 		...dockerCliFlags,
 		// NOTE: Not supporting -h for help, because of clash with -h in DockerCliFlags
 		// Revisit this in future release.
-		help: flags.help({}),
+		help: Flags.help({}),
 	};
 
 	public static primary = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			BuildCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(BuildCmd);
 
-		await Command.checkLoggedInIf(!!options.application);
+		await Command.checkLoggedInIf(!!options.fleet);
 
-		// compositions with many services trigger misleading warnings
-		// @ts-ignore editing property that isn't typed but does exist
 		(await import('events')).defaultMaxListeners = 1000;
 
 		const sdk = getBalenaSdk();
@@ -155,19 +145,17 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 	protected async validateOptions(opts: FlagsDef, sdk: BalenaSDK) {
 		// Validate option combinations
 		if (
-			(opts.application == null &&
-				(opts.arch == null || opts.deviceType == null)) ||
-			(opts.application != null &&
-				(opts.arch != null || opts.deviceType != null))
+			(opts.fleet == null && (opts.arch == null || opts.deviceType == null)) ||
+			(opts.fleet != null && (opts.arch != null || opts.deviceType != null))
 		) {
-			const { ExpectedError } = await import('../errors');
+			const { ExpectedError } = await import('../../errors');
 			throw new ExpectedError(
-				'You must specify either an application or an arch/deviceType pair to build for',
+				'You must specify either a fleet (-f), or the device type (-d) and architecture (-A)',
 			);
 		}
 
 		// Validate project directory
-		const { validateProjectDirectory } = await import('../utils/compose_ts');
+		const { validateProjectDirectory } = await import('../../utils/compose_ts');
 		const { dockerfilePath, registrySecrets } = await validateProjectDirectory(
 			sdk,
 			{
@@ -183,9 +171,9 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 	}
 
 	protected async getAppAndResolveArch(opts: FlagsDef) {
-		if (opts.application) {
-			const { getAppWithArch } = await import('../utils/helpers');
-			const app = await getAppWithArch(opts.application);
+		if (opts.fleet) {
+			const { getAppWithArch } = await import('../../utils/helpers');
+			const app = await getAppWithArch(opts.fleet);
 			opts.arch = app.arch;
 			opts.deviceType = app.is_for__device_type[0].slug;
 			return app;
@@ -193,7 +181,7 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 	}
 
 	protected async prepareBuild(options: FlagsDef) {
-		const { getDocker, generateBuildOpts } = await import('../utils/docker');
+		const { getDocker, generateBuildOpts } = await import('../../utils/docker');
 		const [docker, buildOpts, composeOpts] = await Promise.all([
 			getDocker(options),
 			generateBuildOpts(options),
@@ -214,35 +202,42 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 	 *   buildEmulated
 	 *   buildOpts: arguments to forward to docker build command
 	 *
-	 * @param {DockerToolbelt} docker
+	 * @param {Dockerode} docker
 	 * @param {Logger} logger
 	 * @param {ComposeOpts} composeOpts
 	 * @param opts
 	 */
 	protected async buildProject(
-		docker: import('docker-toolbelt'),
-		logger: import('../utils/logger'),
+		docker: import('dockerode'),
+		logger: import('../../utils/logger'),
 		composeOpts: ComposeOpts,
 		opts: {
-			app?: Application;
+			app?: {
+				application_type: [Pick<ApplicationType, 'supports_multicontainer'>];
+			};
 			arch: string;
 			deviceType: string;
 			buildEmulated: boolean;
 			buildOpts: BuildOpts;
 		},
 	) {
-		const { loadProject } = await import('../utils/compose_ts');
+		const { loadProject } = await import('../../utils/compose_ts');
 
-		const project = await loadProject(logger, composeOpts);
+		const project = await loadProject(
+			logger,
+			composeOpts,
+			undefined,
+			opts.buildOpts.t,
+		);
 
-		const appType = (opts.app?.application_type as ApplicationType[])?.[0];
+		const appType = opts.app?.application_type?.[0];
 		if (
 			appType != null &&
 			project.descriptors.length > 1 &&
 			!appType.supports_multicontainer
 		) {
 			logger.logWarn(
-				'Target application does not support multiple containers.\n' +
+				'Target fleet does not support multiple containers.\n' +
 					'Continuing with build, but you will not be able to deploy.',
 			);
 		}
@@ -260,7 +255,6 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 			inlineLogs: composeOpts.inlineLogs,
 			convertEol: composeOpts.convertEol,
 			dockerfilePath: composeOpts.dockerfilePath,
-			nogitignore: composeOpts.nogitignore,
 			multiDockerignore: composeOpts.multiDockerignore,
 		});
 	}

lib/commands/config/generate.ts

@@ -15,44 +15,35 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Flags } from '@oclif/core';
+import type { Interfaces } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, getCliForm, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
-import type { PineDeferred } from 'balena-sdk';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	version: string; // OS version
-	application?: string;
-	app?: string; // application alias
-	device?: string;
-	deviceApiKey?: string;
-	deviceType?: string;
-	'generate-device-api-key': boolean;
-	output?: string;
-	// Options for non-interactive configuration
-	network?: string;
-	wifiSsid?: string;
-	wifiKey?: string;
-	appUpdatePollInterval?: string;
-	help: void;
-}
+import {
+	applicationIdInfo,
+	devModeInfo,
+	secureBootInfo,
+} from '../../utils/messages';
+import type { BalenaSDK, PineDeferred } from 'balena-sdk';
 
 export default class ConfigGenerateCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Generate a config.json file.
 
-		Generate a config.json file for a device or application.
+		Generate a config.json file for a device or fleet.
 
-		Calling this command with the exact version number of the targeted image is required.
+		The target balenaOS version must be specified with the --version option.
 
-		This command is interactive by default, but you can do this automatically without interactivity
-		by specifying an option for each question on the command line, if you know the questions
-		that will be asked for the relevant device type.
+		${devModeInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
 
-		In case that you want to configure an image for an application with mixed device types,
-		you can pass the --deviceType argument along with --application to specify the target device type.
+		${secureBootInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
+
+		To configure an image for a fleet of mixed device types, use the --fleet option
+		alongside the --deviceType option to specify the target device type.
+
+		To avoid interactive questions, specify a command line option for each question that
+		would otherwise be asked.
 
 		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
 	`;
@@ -60,91 +51,111 @@ export default class ConfigGenerateCmd extends Command {
 	public static examples = [
 		'$ balena config generate --device 7cf02a6 --version 2.12.7',
 		'$ balena config generate --device 7cf02a6 --version 2.12.7 --generate-device-api-key',
-		'$ balena config generate --device 7cf02a6 --version 2.12.7 --device-api-key <existingDeviceKey>',
+		'$ balena config generate --device 7cf02a6 --version 2.12.7 --deviceApiKey <existingDeviceKey>',
 		'$ balena config generate --device 7cf02a6 --version 2.12.7 --output config.json',
-		'$ balena config generate --app MyApp --version 2.12.7',
-		'$ balena config generate --app myorg/myapp --version 2.12.7',
-		'$ balena config generate --app MyApp --version 2.12.7 --deviceType fincm3',
-		'$ balena config generate --app MyApp --version 2.12.7 --output config.json',
-		'$ balena config generate --app MyApp --version 2.12.7 --network wifi --wifiSsid mySsid --wifiKey abcdefgh --appUpdatePollInterval 1',
+		'$ balena config generate --fleet myorg/fleet --version 2.12.7 --dev',
+		'$ balena config generate --fleet myorg/fleet --version 2.12.7 --secureBoot',
+		'$ balena config generate --fleet myorg/fleet --version 2.12.7 --deviceType fincm3',
+		'$ balena config generate --fleet myorg/fleet --version 2.12.7 --output config.json',
+		'$ balena config generate --fleet myorg/fleet --version 2.12.7 --network wifi --wifiSsid mySsid --wifiKey abcdefgh --appUpdatePollInterval 15',
 	];
 
 	public static usage = 'config generate';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		version: flags.string({
+	public static flags = {
+		version: Flags.string({
 			description: 'a balenaOS version',
 			required: true,
 		}),
-		application: { ...cf.application, exclusive: ['app', 'device'] },
-		app: { ...cf.app, exclusive: ['application', 'device'] },
-		device: flags.string({
-			description: 'device uuid',
-			char: 'd',
-			exclusive: ['application', 'app'],
-		}),
-		deviceApiKey: flags.string({
+		fleet: { ...cf.fleet, exclusive: ['device'] },
+		dev: cf.dev,
+		secureBoot: cf.secureBoot,
+		device: {
+			...cf.device,
+			exclusive: [
+				'fleet',
+				'provisioning-key-name',
+				'provisioning-key-expiry-date',
+			],
+		},
+		deviceApiKey: Flags.string({
 			description:
 				'custom device key - note that this is only supported on balenaOS 2.0.3+',
 			char: 'k',
 		}),
-		deviceType: flags.string({
-			description: 'device type slug',
+		deviceType: Flags.string({
+			description:
+				"device type slug (run 'balena devices supported' for possible values)",
 		}),
-		'generate-device-api-key': flags.boolean({
+		'generate-device-api-key': Flags.boolean({
 			description: 'generate a fresh device key for the device',
 		}),
-		output: flags.string({
+		output: Flags.string({
 			description: 'path of output file',
 			char: 'o',
 		}),
 		// Options for non-interactive configuration
-		network: flags.string({
+		network: Flags.string({
 			description: 'the network type to use: ethernet or wifi',
 			options: ['ethernet', 'wifi'],
 		}),
-		wifiSsid: flags.string({
+		wifiSsid: Flags.string({
 			description:
 				'the wifi ssid to use (used only if --network is set to wifi)',
 		}),
-		wifiKey: flags.string({
+		wifiKey: Flags.string({
 			description:
 				'the wifi key to use (used only if --network is set to wifi)',
 		}),
-		appUpdatePollInterval: flags.string({
+		appUpdatePollInterval: Flags.string({
 			description:
-				'how frequently (in minutes) to poll for application updates',
+				'supervisor cloud polling interval in minutes (e.g. for device variables)',
+		}),
+		'provisioning-key-name': Flags.string({
+			description: 'custom key name assigned to generated provisioning api key',
+			exclusive: ['device'],
+		}),
+		'provisioning-key-expiry-date': Flags.string({
+			description:
+				'expiry date assigned to generated provisioning api key (format: YYYY-MM-DD)',
+			exclusive: ['device'],
 		}),
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
-	public async run() {
-		const { flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, {}>(ConfigGenerateCmd);
-
+	public async getApplication(balena: BalenaSDK, fleet: string) {
 		const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
+		return await getApplication(balena, fleet, {
+			$select: 'slug',
+			$expand: {
+				is_for__device_type: { $select: 'slug' },
+			},
+		});
+	}
 
+	public async run() {
+		const { flags: options } = await this.parse(ConfigGenerateCmd);
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 
 		await this.validateOptions(options);
 
 		let resourceDeviceType: string;
-		let application: ApplicationWithDeviceType | null = null;
+		let application: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof this.getApplication>> | null =
+			null;
 		let device:
 			| (DeviceWithDeviceType & { belongs_to__application: PineDeferred })
 			| null = null;
 		if (options.device != null) {
-			const { tryAsInteger } = await import('../../utils/validation');
-			const rawDevice = await balena.models.device.get(
-				tryAsInteger(options.device),
-				{ $expand: { is_of__device_type: { $select: 'slug' } } },
-			);
+			const rawDevice = await balena.models.device.get(options.device, {
+				$expand: { is_of__device_type: { $select: 'slug' } },
+			});
 			if (!rawDevice.belongs_to__application) {
 				const { ExpectedError } = await import('../../errors');
 				throw new ExpectedError(stripIndent`
-					Device ${options.device} does not appear to belong to an accessible application.
-					Try with a different device, or use '--application' instead of '--device'.`);
+					Device ${options.device} does not appear to belong to an accessible fleet.
+					Try with a different device, or use '--fleet' instead of '--device'.`);
 			}
 			device = rawDevice as DeviceWithDeviceType & {
 				belongs_to__application: PineDeferred;
@@ -152,43 +163,51 @@ export default class ConfigGenerateCmd extends Command {
 			resourceDeviceType = device.is_of__device_type[0].slug;
 		} else {
 			// Disambiguate application (if is a number, it could either be an ID or a numerical name)
-			application = (await getApplication(balena, options.application!, {
-				$expand: {
-					is_for__device_type: { $select: 'slug' },
-				},
-			})) as ApplicationWithDeviceType;
+			application = await this.getApplication(balena, options.fleet!);
 			resourceDeviceType = application.is_for__device_type[0].slug;
 		}
 
 		const deviceType = options.deviceType || resourceDeviceType;
 
-		const deviceManifest = await balena.models.device.getManifestBySlug(
-			deviceType,
-		);
-
 		// Check compatibility if application and deviceType provided
-		if (options.application && options.deviceType) {
-			const appDeviceManifest = await balena.models.device.getManifestBySlug(
-				resourceDeviceType,
-			);
-
+		if (options.fleet && options.deviceType) {
 			const helpers = await import('../../utils/helpers');
 			if (
-				!helpers.areDeviceTypesCompatible(appDeviceManifest, deviceManifest)
+				!(await helpers.areDeviceTypesCompatible(
+					resourceDeviceType,
+					deviceType,
+				))
 			) {
-				throw new balena.errors.BalenaInvalidDeviceType(
-					`Device type ${options.deviceType} is incompatible with application ${options.application}`,
+				const { ExpectedError } = await import('../../errors');
+				throw new ExpectedError(
+					`Device type ${options.deviceType} is incompatible with fleet ${options.fleet}`,
 				);
 			}
 		}
 
+		const deviceManifest =
+			await balena.models.config.getDeviceTypeManifestBySlug(deviceType);
+
+		const { validateSecureBootOptionAndWarn } = await import(
+			'../../utils/config'
+		);
+		await validateSecureBootOptionAndWarn(
+			options.secureBoot,
+			deviceType,
+			options.version,
+		);
+
 		// Prompt for values
 		// Pass params as an override: if there is any param with exactly the same name as a
 		// required option, that value is used (and the corresponding question is not asked)
 		const answers = await getCliForm().run(deviceManifest.options, {
-			override: options,
+			override: { ...options, app: options.fleet, application: options.fleet },
 		});
 		answers.version = options.version;
+		answers.developmentMode = options.dev;
+		answers.secureBoot = options.secureBoot;
+		answers.provisioningKeyName = options['provisioning-key-name'];
+		answers.provisioningKeyExpiryDate = options['provisioning-key-expiry-date'];
 
 		// Generate config
 		const { generateDeviceConfig, generateApplicationConfig } = await import(
@@ -218,7 +237,7 @@ export default class ConfigGenerateCmd extends Command {
 	}
 
 	protected readonly missingDeviceOrAppMessage = stripIndent`
-		Either a device or an application must be specified.
+		Either a device or a fleet must be specified.
 
 		See the help page for examples:
 
@@ -226,21 +245,23 @@ export default class ConfigGenerateCmd extends Command {
   	`;
 
 	protected readonly deviceTypeNotAllowedMessage =
-		'The --deviceType option can only be used alongside the --application option';
+		'The --deviceType option can only be used alongside the --fleet option';
 
-	protected async validateOptions(options: FlagsDef) {
+	protected async validateOptions(
+		options: Interfaces.InferredFlags<typeof ConfigGenerateCmd.flags>,
+	) {
 		const { ExpectedError } = await import('../../errors');
 
-		// Prefer options.application over options.app
-		options.application = options.application || options.app;
-		delete options.app;
-
-		if (options.device == null && options.application == null) {
+		if (options.device == null && options.fleet == null) {
 			throw new ExpectedError(this.missingDeviceOrAppMessage);
 		}
 
-		if (!options.application && options.deviceType) {
+		if (!options.fleet && options.deviceType) {
 			throw new ExpectedError(this.deviceTypeNotAllowedMessage);
 		}
+		const { normalizeOsVersion } = await import('../../utils/normalization');
+		options.version = normalizeOsVersion(options.version);
+		const { validateDevOptionAndWarn } = await import('../../utils/config');
+		await validateDevOptionAndWarn(options.dev, options.version);
 	}
 }

lib/commands/config/inject.ts

@@ -15,60 +15,48 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	type: string;
-	drive?: string;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	file: string;
-}
-
 export default class ConfigInjectCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Inject a configuration file into a device or OS image.
+		Inject a config.json file to a balenaOS image or attached media.
 
-		Inject a config.json file to the mounted filesystem,
-		e.g. the SD card of a provisioned device or balenaOS image.
+		Inject a 'config.json' file to a balenaOS image file or attached SD card or
+		USB stick.
+
+		Documentation for the balenaOS 'config.json' file can be found at:
+		https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/OS/configuration/
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena config inject my/config.json --type raspberrypi3',
-		'$ balena config inject my/config.json --type raspberrypi3 --drive /dev/disk2',
+		'$ balena config inject my/config.json',
+		'$ balena config inject my/config.json --drive /dev/disk2',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'file',
+	public static args = {
+		file: Args.string({
 			description: 'the path to the config.json file to inject',
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'config inject <file>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		type: cf.deviceType,
+	public static flags = {
 		drive: cf.driveOrImg,
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
-	public static authenticated = true;
-
 	public static root = true;
+	public static offlineCompatible = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			ConfigInjectCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(ConfigInjectCmd);
 
-		const { safeUmount } = await import('../../utils/helpers');
+		const { safeUmount } = await import('../../utils/umount');
 
 		const drive =
 			options.drive || (await getVisuals().drive('Select the device/OS drive'));
@@ -80,7 +68,7 @@ export default class ConfigInjectCmd extends Command {
 		);
 
 		const config = await import('balena-config-json');
-		await config.write(drive, options.type, configJSON);
+		await config.write(drive, '', configJSON);
 
 		console.info('Done');
 	}

lib/commands/config/read.ts

@@ -15,55 +15,55 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	type: string;
-	drive?: string;
-	help: void;
-}
-
 export default class ConfigReadCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Read the configuration of a device or OS image.
+		Read the config.json file of a balenaOS image or attached media.
 
-		Read the config.json file from the mounted filesystem,
-		e.g. the SD card of a provisioned device or balenaOS image.
+		Read the 'config.json' file of a balenaOS image file or attached SD card or
+		USB stick.
+
+		Documentation for the balenaOS 'config.json' file can be found at:
+		https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/OS/configuration/
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena config read --type raspberrypi3',
-		'$ balena config read --type raspberrypi3 --drive /dev/disk2',
+		'$ balena config read',
+		'$ balena config read --drive /dev/disk2',
+		'$ balena config read --drive balena.img',
 	];
 
 	public static usage = 'config read';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		type: cf.deviceType,
+	public static flags = {
 		drive: cf.driveOrImg,
 		help: cf.help,
+		json: cf.json,
 	};
 
-	public static authenticated = true;
-
 	public static root = true;
+	public static offlineCompatible = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, {}>(ConfigReadCmd);
+		const { flags: options } = await this.parse(ConfigReadCmd);
 
-		const { safeUmount } = await import('../../utils/helpers');
+		const { safeUmount } = await import('../../utils/umount');
 
 		const drive =
 			options.drive || (await getVisuals().drive('Select the device drive'));
 		await safeUmount(drive);
 
 		const config = await import('balena-config-json');
-		const configJSON = await config.read(drive, options.type);
+		const configJSON = await config.read(drive, '');
 
-		const prettyjson = await import('prettyjson');
-		console.info(prettyjson.render(configJSON));
+		if (options.json) {
+			console.log(JSON.stringify(configJSON, null, 4));
+		} else {
+			const prettyjson = await import('prettyjson');
+			console.log(prettyjson.render(configJSON));
+		}
 	}
 }

lib/commands/config/reconfigure.ts

@@ -15,60 +15,71 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Flags } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	type: string;
-	drive?: string;
-	advanced: boolean;
-	help: void;
-}
-
 export default class ConfigReconfigureCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Interactively reconfigure a device or OS image.
+		Interactively reconfigure a balenaOS image file or attached media.
 
-		Interactively reconfigure a provisioned device or OS image.
+		Interactively reconfigure a balenaOS image file or attached media.
+
+		This command extracts the device UUID from the 'config.json' file of the
+		chosen balenaOS image file or attached media, and then passes the UUID as
+		the '--device' argument to the 'balena os configure' command.
+
+		For finer-grained or scripted control of the operation, use the
+		'balena config read' and 'balena os configure' commands separately.
 `;
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena config reconfigure --type raspberrypi3',
-		'$ balena config reconfigure --type raspberrypi3 --advanced',
-		'$ balena config reconfigure --type raspberrypi3 --drive /dev/disk2',
+		'$ balena config reconfigure',
+		'$ balena config reconfigure --drive /dev/disk3',
+		'$ balena config reconfigure --drive balena.img --advanced',
 	];
 
 	public static usage = 'config reconfigure';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		type: cf.deviceType,
+	public static flags = {
 		drive: cf.driveOrImg,
-		advanced: flags.boolean({
+		advanced: Flags.boolean({
 			description: 'show advanced commands',
 			char: 'v',
 		}),
 		help: cf.help,
+		version: Flags.string({
+			description: 'balenaOS version, for example "2.32.0" or "2.44.0+rev1"',
+		}),
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
-
 	public static root = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, {}>(ConfigReconfigureCmd);
+		const { flags: options } = await this.parse(ConfigReconfigureCmd);
 
-		const { safeUmount } = await import('../../utils/helpers');
+		const { safeUmount } = await import('../../utils/umount');
 
 		const drive =
 			options.drive || (await getVisuals().drive('Select the device drive'));
 		await safeUmount(drive);
 
 		const config = await import('balena-config-json');
-		const { uuid } = await config.read(drive, options.type);
+		const { uuid } = await config.read(drive, '');
 		await safeUmount(drive);
 
+		if (!uuid) {
+			const { ExpectedError } = await import('../../errors');
+			throw new ExpectedError(
+				`Error: UUID not found in 'config.json' file for '${drive}'`,
+			);
+		}
+
 		const configureCommand = ['os', 'configure', drive, '--device', uuid];
+		if (options.version) {
+			configureCommand.push('--version', options.version);
+		}
 		if (options.advanced) {
 			configureCommand.push('--advanced');
 		}

lib/commands/config/write.ts

@@ -15,83 +15,79 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	type: string;
-	drive?: string;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	key: string;
-	value: string;
-}
-
 export default class ConfigWriteCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Write a key-value pair to configuration of a device or OS image.
+		Write a key-value pair to the config.json file of an OS image or attached media.
 
-		Write a key-value pair to the config.json file on the mounted filesystem,
-		e.g. the SD card of a provisioned device or balenaOS image.
+		Write a key-value pair to the 'config.json' file of a balenaOS image file or
+		attached SD card or USB stick.
+
+		Documentation for the balenaOS 'config.json' file can be found at:
+		https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/OS/configuration/
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena config write --type raspberrypi3 username johndoe',
-		'$ balena config write --type raspberrypi3 --drive /dev/disk2 username johndoe',
-		'$ balena config write --type raspberrypi3 files.network/settings "..."',
+		'$ balena config write ntpServers "0.resinio.pool.ntp.org 1.resinio.pool.ntp.org"',
+		'$ balena config write --drive /dev/disk2 hostname custom-hostname',
+		'$ balena config write --drive balena.img os.network.connectivity.interval 300',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'key',
+	public static args = {
+		key: Args.string({
 			description: 'the key of the config parameter to write',
 			required: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: 'value',
+		}),
+		value: Args.string({
 			description: 'the value of the config parameter to write',
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'config write <key> <value>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		type: cf.deviceType,
+	public static flags = {
 		drive: cf.driveOrImg,
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
-	public static authenticated = true;
-
 	public static root = true;
+	public static offlineCompatible = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			ConfigWriteCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(ConfigWriteCmd);
 
-		const { safeUmount } = await import('../../utils/helpers');
+		const { denyMount, safeUmount } = await import('../../utils/umount');
 
 		const drive =
 			options.drive || (await getVisuals().drive('Select the device drive'));
 		await safeUmount(drive);
 
 		const config = await import('balena-config-json');
-		const configJSON = await config.read(drive, options.type);
+		const configJSON = await config.read(drive, '');
 
 		console.info(`Setting ${params.key} to ${params.value}`);
-		const _ = await import('lodash');
-		_.set(configJSON, params.key, params.value);
+		ConfigWriteCmd.updateConfigJson(configJSON, params.key, params.value);
 
-		await safeUmount(drive);
-
-		await config.write(drive, options.type, configJSON);
+		await denyMount(drive, async () => {
+			await safeUmount(drive);
+			await config.write(drive, '', configJSON);
+		});
 
 		console.info('Done');
 	}
+
+	/** Call Lodash's _.setWith(). Moved here for ease of testing. */
+	static updateConfigJson(configJSON: object, key: string, value: string) {
+		const _ = require('lodash') as typeof import('lodash');
+		// note: _.setWith() is needed instead of _.set() because, given a key
+		// like `os.udevRules.101`, _.set() creates a udevRules array (rather
+		// than a dictionary) and sets the 101st array element to value, while
+		// we actually want udevRules to be dictionary like { '101': value }
+		_.setWith(configJSON, key, value, (v) => v || {});
+	}
 }

lib/commands/deploy/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ * Copyright 2016-2021 Balena Ltd.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,65 +15,64 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { ImageDescriptor } from 'resin-compose-parse';
+import { Args, Flags } from '@oclif/core';
+import type { ImageDescriptor } from '@balena/compose/dist/parse';
 
-import Command from '../command';
-import { ExpectedError } from '../errors';
-import { getBalenaSdk, getChalk, stripIndent } from '../utils/lazy';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
+import { getBalenaSdk, getChalk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import {
 	dockerignoreHelp,
 	registrySecretsHelp,
 	buildArgDeprecation,
-} from '../utils/messages';
-import * as compose from '../utils/compose';
+} from '../../utils/messages';
+import * as ca from '../../utils/common-args';
+import * as compose from '../../utils/compose';
 import type {
 	BuiltImage,
 	ComposeCliFlags,
 	ComposeOpts,
 	Release as ComposeReleaseInfo,
-} from '../utils/compose-types';
-import type { DockerCliFlags } from '../utils/docker';
+} from '../../utils/compose-types';
+import type { BuildOpts, DockerCliFlags } from '../../utils/docker';
 import {
 	applyReleaseTagKeysAndValues,
 	buildProject,
 	composeCliFlags,
 	isBuildConfig,
 	parseReleaseTagKeysAndValues,
-} from '../utils/compose_ts';
-import { dockerCliFlags } from '../utils/docker';
-import type {
-	Application,
-	ApplicationType,
-	DeviceType,
-	Release,
-} from 'balena-sdk';
+} from '../../utils/compose_ts';
+import { dockerCliFlags } from '../../utils/docker';
+import type { ApplicationType, DeviceType, Release } from 'balena-sdk';
 
-interface ApplicationWithArch extends Application {
+interface ApplicationWithArch {
+	id: number;
 	arch: string;
+	is_for__device_type: [Pick<DeviceType, 'slug'>];
+	application_type: [Pick<ApplicationType, 'slug' | 'supports_multicontainer'>];
 }
 
+// TODO: For this special one we can't use Interfaces.InferredFlags/InferredArgs
+// because of the 'registry-secrets' type which is defined in the actual code
+// as a path (string | undefined) but then the cli turns it into an object
 interface FlagsDef extends ComposeCliFlags, DockerCliFlags {
 	source?: string;
 	build: boolean;
 	nologupload: boolean;
 	'release-tag'?: string[];
+	draft: boolean;
+	note?: string;
 	help: void;
 }
 
-interface ArgsDef {
-	appName: string;
-	image?: string;
-}
-
 export default class DeployCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = `\
-Deploy a single image or a multicontainer project to a balena application.
+Deploy a single image or a multicontainer project to a balena fleet.
 
-Usage: \`deploy <appName> ([image] | --build [--source build-dir])\`
+Usage: \`deploy <fleet> ([image] | --build [--source build-dir])\`
 
-Use this command to deploy an image or a complete multicontainer project to an
-application, optionally building it first. The source images are searched for
+Use this command to deploy an image or a complete multicontainer project to a
+fleet, optionally building it first. The source images are searched for
 (and optionally built) using the docker daemon in your development machine or
 balena device. (See also the \`balena push\` command for the option of building
 the image in the balenaCloud build servers.)
@@ -81,13 +80,15 @@ the image in the balenaCloud build servers.)
 Unless an image is specified, this command will look into the current directory
 (or the one specified by --source) for a docker-compose.yml file.  If one is
 found, this command will deploy each service defined in the compose file,
-building it first if an image for it doesn't exist. If a compose file isn't
-found, the command will look for a Dockerfile[.template] file (or alternative
-Dockerfile specified with the \`-f\` option), and if yet that isn't found, it
-will try to generate one.
+building it first if an image for it doesn't exist. Image names will be looked
+up according to the scheme: \`<projectName>_<serviceName>\`.
 
-To deploy to an app on which you're a collaborator, use
-\`balena deploy <appOwnerUsername>/<appName>\`.
+If a compose file isn't found, the command will look for a Dockerfile[.template]
+file (or alternative Dockerfile specified with the \`-f\` option), and if yet
+that isn't found, it will try to generate one.
+
+To deploy to a fleet where you are a collaborator, use fleet slug including the
+organization:  \`balena deploy <organization>/<fleet>\`.
 
 ${registrySecretsHelp}
 
@@ -95,41 +96,35 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 `;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena deploy myApp',
-		'$ balena deploy myApp --build --source myBuildDir/',
-		'$ balena deploy myApp myApp/myImage',
-		'$ balena deploy myApp myApp/myImage --release-tag key1 "" key2 "value2 with spaces"',
+		'$ balena deploy myFleet',
+		'$ balena deploy myorg/myfleet --build --source myBuildDir/',
+		'$ balena deploy myorg/myfleet --build --source myBuildDir/ --note "this is the note for this release"',
+		'$ balena deploy myorg/myfleet myRepo/myImage',
+		'$ balena deploy myFleet myRepo/myImage --release-tag key1 "" key2 "value2 with spaces"',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'appName',
-			description: 'the name of the application to deploy to',
-			required: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: 'image',
-			description: 'the image to deploy',
-		},
-	];
+	public static args = {
+		fleet: ca.fleetRequired,
+		image: Args.string({ description: 'the image to deploy' }),
+	};
 
-	public static usage = 'deploy <appName> [image]';
+	public static usage = 'deploy <fleet> [image]';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		source: flags.string({
+	public static flags = {
+		source: Flags.string({
 			description:
 				'specify an alternate source directory; default is the working directory',
 			char: 's',
 		}),
-		build: flags.boolean({
+		build: Flags.boolean({
 			description: 'force a rebuild before deploy',
 			char: 'b',
 		}),
-		nologupload: flags.boolean({
+		nologupload: Flags.boolean({
 			description:
 				"don't upload build logs to the dashboard with image (if building)",
 		}),
-		'release-tag': flags.string({
+		'release-tag': Flags.string({
 			description: stripIndent`
 				Set release tags if the image deployment is successful. Multiple
 				arguments may be provided, alternating tag keys and values (see examples).
@@ -137,11 +132,20 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 			`,
 			multiple: true,
 		}),
+		draft: Flags.boolean({
+			description: stripIndent`
+				Deploy the release as a draft. Draft releases are ignored
+				by the 'track latest' release policy but can be used through release pinning.
+				Draft releases can be marked as final through the API. Releases are created
+				as final by default unless this option is given.`,
+			default: false,
+		}),
+		note: Flags.string({ description: 'The notes for this release' }),
 		...composeCliFlags,
 		...dockerCliFlags,
 		// NOTE: Not supporting -h for help, because of clash with -h in DockerCliFlags
 		// Revisit this in future release.
-		help: flags.help({}),
+		help: Flags.help({}),
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
@@ -149,18 +153,14 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 	public static primary = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DeployCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(DeployCmd);
 
-		// compositions with many services trigger misleading warnings
-		// @ts-ignore editing property that isn't typed but does exist
 		(await import('events')).defaultMaxListeners = 1000;
 
 		const logger = await Command.getLogger();
 		logger.logDebug('Parsing input...');
 
-		const { appName, image } = params;
+		const { fleet, image } = params;
 
 		// Build args are under consideration for removal - warn user
 		if (options.buildArg) {
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 
 		const sdk = getBalenaSdk();
 		const { getRegistrySecrets, validateProjectDirectory } = await import(
-			'../utils/compose_ts'
+			'../../utils/compose_ts'
 		);
 
 		const { releaseTagKeys, releaseTagValues } = parseReleaseTagKeysAndValues(
@@ -183,41 +183,40 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 		);
 
 		if (image) {
-			options['registry-secrets'] = await getRegistrySecrets(
+			(options as FlagsDef)['registry-secrets'] = await getRegistrySecrets(
 				sdk,
 				options['registry-secrets'],
 			);
 		} else {
-			const {
-				dockerfilePath,
-				registrySecrets,
-			} = await validateProjectDirectory(sdk, {
-				dockerfilePath: options.dockerfile,
-				noParentCheck: options['noparent-check'] || false,
-				projectPath: options.source || '.',
-				registrySecretsPath: options['registry-secrets'],
-			});
+			const { dockerfilePath, registrySecrets } =
+				await validateProjectDirectory(sdk, {
+					dockerfilePath: options.dockerfile,
+					noParentCheck: options['noparent-check'] || false,
+					projectPath: options.source || '.',
+					registrySecretsPath: options['registry-secrets'],
+				});
 			options.dockerfile = dockerfilePath;
-			options['registry-secrets'] = registrySecrets;
+			(options as FlagsDef)['registry-secrets'] = registrySecrets;
 		}
 
-		const helpers = await import('../utils/helpers');
-		const app = await helpers.getAppWithArch(appName);
+		const helpers = await import('../../utils/helpers');
+		const app = await helpers.getAppWithArch(fleet);
 
-		const dockerUtils = await import('../utils/docker');
+		const dockerUtils = await import('../../utils/docker');
 		const [docker, buildOpts, composeOpts] = await Promise.all([
 			dockerUtils.getDocker(options),
-			dockerUtils.generateBuildOpts(options),
+			dockerUtils.generateBuildOpts(options as FlagsDef),
 			compose.generateOpts(options),
 		]);
 
 		const release = await this.deployProject(docker, logger, composeOpts, {
 			app,
-			appName, // may be prefixed by 'owner/', unlike app.app_name
+			appName: fleet, // may be prefixed by 'owner/', unlike app.app_name
 			image,
 			shouldPerformBuild: !!options.build,
 			shouldUploadLogs: !options.nologupload,
 			buildEmulated: !!options.emulated,
+			createAsDraft: options.draft,
 			buildOpts,
 		});
 		await applyReleaseTagKeysAndValues(
@@ -226,11 +225,14 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 			releaseTagKeys,
 			releaseTagValues,
 		);
+		if (options.note) {
+			await sdk.models.release.setNote(release.id, options.note);
+		}
 	}
 
 	async deployProject(
-		docker: import('docker-toolbelt'),
-		logger: import('../utils/logger'),
+		docker: import('dockerode'),
+		logger: import('../../utils/logger'),
 		composeOpts: ComposeOpts,
 		opts: {
 			app: ApplicationWithArch; // the application instance to deploy to
@@ -240,23 +242,29 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 			shouldPerformBuild: boolean;
 			shouldUploadLogs: boolean;
 			buildEmulated: boolean;
-			buildOpts: any; // arguments to forward to docker build command
+			buildOpts: BuildOpts;
+			createAsDraft: boolean;
 		},
 	) {
 		const _ = await import('lodash');
 		const doodles = await import('resin-doodles');
 		const sdk = getBalenaSdk();
 		const { deployProject: $deployProject, loadProject } = await import(
-			'../utils/compose_ts'
+			'../../utils/compose_ts'
 		);
 
-		const appType = (opts.app?.application_type as ApplicationType[])?.[0];
+		const appType = opts.app.application_type[0];
 
 		try {
-			const project = await loadProject(logger, composeOpts, opts.image);
+			const project = await loadProject(
+				logger,
+				composeOpts,
+				opts.image,
+				opts.buildOpts.t,
+			);
 			if (project.descriptors.length > 1 && !appType?.supports_multicontainer) {
 				throw new ExpectedError(
-					'Target application does not support multiple containers. Aborting!',
+					'Target fleet does not support multiple containers. Aborting!',
 				);
 			}
 
@@ -302,13 +310,12 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 					projectName: project.name,
 					composition: compositionToBuild,
 					arch: opts.app.arch,
-					deviceType: (opts.app?.is_for__device_type as DeviceType[])?.[0].slug,
+					deviceType: opts.app.is_for__device_type[0].slug,
 					emulated: opts.buildEmulated,
 					buildOpts: opts.buildOpts,
 					inlineLogs: composeOpts.inlineLogs,
 					convertEol: composeOpts.convertEol,
 					dockerfilePath: composeOpts.dockerfilePath,
-					nogitignore: composeOpts.nogitignore,
 					multiDockerignore: composeOpts.multiDockerignore,
 				});
 				builtImagesByService = _.keyBy(builtImages, 'serviceName');
@@ -324,17 +331,17 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 			);
 
 			let release: Release | ComposeReleaseInfo['release'];
-			if (appType?.is_legacy) {
-				const { deployLegacy } = require('../utils/deploy-legacy');
+			if (appType.slug === 'legacy-v1' || appType.slug === 'legacy-v2') {
+				const { deployLegacy } = require('../../utils/deploy-legacy');
 
 				const msg = getChalk().yellow(
-					'Target application requires legacy deploy method.',
+					'Target fleet requires legacy deploy method.',
 				);
 				logger.logWarn(msg);
 
-				const [token, username, url, options] = await Promise.all([
+				const [token, { username }, url, options] = await Promise.all([
 					sdk.auth.getToken(),
-					sdk.auth.whoami(),
+					sdk.auth.getUserInfo(),
 					sdk.settings.get('balenaUrl'),
 					{
 						// opts.appName may be prefixed by 'owner/', unlike opts.app.app_name
@@ -357,8 +364,8 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 					$select: ['commit'],
 				});
 			} else {
-				const [userId, auth, apiEndpoint] = await Promise.all([
-					sdk.auth.getUserId(),
+				const [{ id: userId }, auth, apiEndpoint] = await Promise.all([
+					sdk.auth.getUserInfo(),
 					sdk.auth.getToken(),
 					sdk.settings.get('apiUrl'),
 				]);
@@ -372,6 +379,8 @@ ${dockerignoreHelp}
 					`Bearer ${auth}`,
 					apiEndpoint,
 					!opts.shouldUploadLogs,
+					composeOpts.projectPath,
+					opts.createAsDraft,
 				);
 			}
 

lib/commands/device/deactivate.ts

@@ -15,21 +15,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	yes: boolean;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-}
-
 export default class DeviceDeactivateCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Deactivate a device.
@@ -44,17 +34,16 @@ export default class DeviceDeactivateCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena device deactivate 7cf02a6 --yes',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description: 'the UUID of the device to be deactivated',
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device deactivate <uuid>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		yes: cf.yes,
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
@@ -62,9 +51,8 @@ export default class DeviceDeactivateCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DeviceDeactivateCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } =
+			await this.parse(DeviceDeactivateCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 		const patterns = await import('../../utils/patterns');

lib/commands/device/identify.ts

@@ -15,22 +15,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { tryAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
 import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-}
-
 export default class DeviceIdentifyCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Identify a device.
@@ -39,25 +29,23 @@ export default class DeviceIdentifyCmd extends Command {
 		`;
 	public static examples = ['$ balena device identify 23c73a1'];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description: 'the uuid of the device to identify',
-			parse: (dev) => tryAsInteger(dev),
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device identify <uuid>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(DeviceIdentifyCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(DeviceIdentifyCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 

lib/commands/device/index.ts

@@ -15,18 +15,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Flags, Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { expandForAppName } from '../../utils/helpers';
 import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { tryAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
+import { jsonInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
+
 import type { Application, Release } from 'balena-sdk';
 
 interface ExtendedDevice extends DeviceWithDeviceType {
 	dashboard_url?: string;
-	application_name?: string;
+	fleet: string; // 'org/name' slug
 	device_type?: string;
 	commit?: string;
 	last_seen?: string;
@@ -41,79 +41,101 @@ interface ExtendedDevice extends DeviceWithDeviceType {
 	undervoltage_detected?: boolean;
 }
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-}
-
 export default class DeviceCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Show info about a single device.
 
 		Show information about a single device.
-		`;
-	public static examples = ['$ balena device 7cf02a6'];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
-			description: 'the device uuid',
-			parse: (dev) => tryAsInteger(dev),
-			required: true,
-		},
+		${jsonInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
+		`;
+	public static examples = [
+		'$ balena device 7cf02a6',
+		'$ balena device 7cf02a6 --view',
+		'$ balena device 7cf02a6 --json',
 	];
 
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
+			description: 'the device uuid',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+	};
+
 	public static usage = 'device <uuid>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
+		json: cf.json,
 		help: cf.help,
+		view: Flags.boolean({
+			default: false,
+			description: 'open device dashboard page',
+		}),
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 	public static primary = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(DeviceCmd);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(DeviceCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 
-		const device = (await balena.models.device.get(params.uuid, {
-			$select: [
-				'device_name',
-				'id',
-				'overall_status',
-				'is_online',
-				'ip_address',
-				'mac_address',
-				'last_connectivity_event',
-				'uuid',
-				'supervisor_version',
-				'is_web_accessible',
-				'note',
-				'os_version',
-				'memory_usage',
-				'memory_total',
-				'public_address',
-				'storage_block_device',
-				'storage_usage',
-				'storage_total',
-				'cpu_usage',
-				'cpu_temp',
-				'cpu_id',
-				'is_undervolted',
-			],
-			...expandForAppName,
-		})) as ExtendedDevice;
+		const device = (await balena.models.device.get(
+			params.uuid,
+			options.json
+				? {
+						$expand: {
+							device_tag: {
+								$select: ['tag_key', 'value'],
+							},
+							...expandForAppName.$expand,
+						},
+				  }
+				: {
+						$select: [
+							'device_name',
+							'id',
+							'overall_status',
+							'is_online',
+							'ip_address',
+							'mac_address',
+							'last_connectivity_event',
+							'uuid',
+							'supervisor_version',
+							'is_web_accessible',
+							'note',
+							'os_version',
+							'memory_usage',
+							'memory_total',
+							'public_address',
+							'storage_block_device',
+							'storage_usage',
+							'storage_total',
+							'cpu_usage',
+							'cpu_temp',
+							'cpu_id',
+							'is_undervolted',
+						],
+						...expandForAppName,
+				  },
+		)) as ExtendedDevice;
+
+		if (options.view) {
+			const open = await import('open');
+			const dashboardUrl = balena.models.device.getDashboardUrl(device.uuid);
+			await open(dashboardUrl, { wait: false });
+			return;
+		}
+
 		device.status = device.overall_status;
 
 		device.dashboard_url = balena.models.device.getDashboardUrl(device.uuid);
 
-		const belongsToApplication = device.belongs_to__application as Application[];
-		device.application_name = belongsToApplication?.[0]
-			? belongsToApplication[0].app_name
+		const belongsToApplication =
+			device.belongs_to__application as Application[];
+		device.fleet = belongsToApplication?.[0]
+			? belongsToApplication[0].slug
 			: 'N/a';
 
 		device.device_type = device.is_of__device_type[0].slug;
@@ -161,6 +183,11 @@ export default class DeviceCmd extends Command {
 			);
 		}
 
+		if (options.json) {
+			console.log(JSON.stringify(device, null, 4));
+			return;
+		}
+
 		console.log(
 			getVisuals().table.vertical(device, [
 				`$${device.device_name}$`,
@@ -171,7 +198,7 @@ export default class DeviceCmd extends Command {
 				'ip_address',
 				'public_address',
 				'mac_address',
-				'application_name',
+				'fleet',
 				'last_seen',
 				'uuid',
 				'commit',

lib/commands/device/init.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Flags } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
@@ -23,46 +23,67 @@ import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
 import { runCommand } from '../../utils/helpers';
 
 interface FlagsDef {
-	application?: string;
-	app?: string;
+	fleet?: string;
 	yes: boolean;
 	advanced: boolean;
 	'os-version'?: string;
 	drive?: string;
 	config?: string;
 	help: void;
+	'provisioning-key-name'?: string;
+	'provisioning-key-expiry-date'?: string;
 }
 
 export default class DeviceInitCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Initialize a device with balenaOS.
 
-		Initialize a device by downloading the OS image of a certain application
-		and writing it to an SD Card.
+		Register a new device in the selected fleet, download the OS image for the
+		fleet's default device type, configure the image and write it to an SD card.
+		This command effectively combines several other balena CLI commands in one,
+		namely:
 
-		Note, if the application option is omitted it will be prompted
-		for interactively.
+		'balena device register'  
+		'balena os download'  
+		'balena os build-config' or 'balena config generate'  
+		'balena os configure'  
+		'balena os local flash'
+
+		Possible arguments for the '--fleet', '--os-version' and '--drive' options can
+		be listed respectively with the commands:
+
+		'balena fleets'  
+		'balena os versions'  
+		'balena util available-drives'
+
+		If the '--fleet' or '--drive' options are omitted, interactive menus will be
+		presented with values to choose from. If the '--os-version' option is omitted,
+		the latest released OS version for the fleet's default device type will be used.
 
 		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
+
+		Image configuration questions will be asked interactively unless a pre-configured
+		'config.json' file is provided with the '--config' option.  The file can be
+		generated with the 'balena config generate' or 'balena os build-config' commands.
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
 		'$ balena device init',
-		'$ balena device init --application MyApp',
-		'$ balena device init -a myorg/myapp',
+		'$ balena device init -f myorg/myfleet',
+		'$ balena device init --fleet myFleet --os-version 2.101.7 --drive /dev/disk5 --config config.json --yes',
+		'$ balena device init --fleet myFleet --os-version 2.83.21+rev1.prod --drive /dev/disk5 --config config.json --yes',
 	];
 
 	public static usage = 'device init';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		application: cf.application,
-		app: cf.app,
+	public static flags = {
+		fleet: cf.fleet,
 		yes: cf.yes,
-		advanced: flags.boolean({
+		advanced: Flags.boolean({
 			char: 'v',
 			description: 'show advanced configuration options',
 		}),
-		'os-version': flags.string({
+		'os-version': Flags.string({
 			description: stripIndent`
 				exact version number, or a valid semver range,
 				or 'latest' (includes pre-releases),
@@ -72,16 +93,23 @@ export default class DeviceInitCmd extends Command {
 				`,
 		}),
 		drive: cf.drive,
-		config: flags.string({
+		config: Flags.string({
 			description: 'path to the config JSON file, see `balena os build-config`',
 		}),
+		'provisioning-key-name': Flags.string({
+			description: 'custom key name assigned to generated provisioning api key',
+		}),
+		'provisioning-key-expiry-date': Flags.string({
+			description:
+				'expiry date assigned to generated provisioning api key (format: YYYY-MM-DD)',
+		}),
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, {}>(DeviceInitCmd);
+		const { flags: options } = await this.parse(DeviceInitCmd);
 
 		// Imports
 		const { promisify } = await import('util');
@@ -95,27 +123,21 @@ export default class DeviceInitCmd extends Command {
 		const logger = await Command.getLogger();
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 
-		// Consolidate application options
-		options.application = options.application || options.app;
-		delete options.app;
-
 		// Get application and
-		const application = (await getApplication(
-			balena,
-			options['application'] ||
-				(await (await import('../../utils/patterns')).selectApplication()).id,
-			{
-				$expand: {
-					is_for__device_type: {
-						$select: 'slug',
+		const application = options.fleet
+			? await getApplication(balena, options.fleet, {
+					$select: ['id', 'slug'],
+					$expand: {
+						is_for__device_type: {
+							$select: 'slug',
+						},
 					},
-				},
-			},
-		)) as ApplicationWithDeviceType;
+			  })
+			: await (await import('../../utils/patterns')).selectApplication();
 
 		// Register new device
 		const deviceUuid = balena.models.device.generateUniqueKey();
-		console.info(`Registering to ${application.app_name}: ${deviceUuid}`);
+		console.info(`Registering to ${application.slug}: ${deviceUuid}`);
 		await balena.models.device.register(application.id, deviceUuid);
 		const device = await balena.models.device.get(deviceUuid);
 
@@ -158,6 +180,21 @@ export default class DeviceInitCmd extends Command {
 		} else if (options.advanced) {
 			configureCommand.push('--advanced');
 		}
+
+		if (options['provisioning-key-name']) {
+			configureCommand.push(
+				'--provisioning-key-name',
+				options['provisioning-key-name'],
+			);
+		}
+
+		if (options['provisioning-key-expiry-date']) {
+			configureCommand.push(
+				'--provisioning-key-expiry-date',
+				options['provisioning-key-expiry-date'],
+			);
+		}
+
 		await runCommand(configureCommand);
 	}
 

lib/commands/device/local-mode.ts

@@ -15,23 +15,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Flags, Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { tryAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	enable: boolean;
-	disable: boolean;
-	status: boolean;
-	help?: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string | number;
-}
 
 export default class DeviceLocalModeCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
@@ -48,27 +35,25 @@ export default class DeviceLocalModeCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena device local-mode 23c73a1 --status',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description: 'the uuid of the device to manage',
-			parse: (dev) => tryAsInteger(dev),
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device local-mode <uuid>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		enable: flags.boolean({
+	public static flags = {
+		enable: Flags.boolean({
 			description: 'enable local mode',
 			exclusive: ['disable', 'status'],
 		}),
-		disable: flags.boolean({
+		disable: Flags.boolean({
 			description: 'disable local mode',
 			exclusive: ['enable', 'status'],
 		}),
-		status: flags.boolean({
+		status: Flags.boolean({
 			description: 'output boolean indicating local mode status',
 			exclusive: ['enable', 'disable'],
 		}),
@@ -78,9 +63,8 @@ export default class DeviceLocalModeCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DeviceLocalModeCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } =
+			await this.parse(DeviceLocalModeCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 

lib/commands/device/move.ts

@@ -15,37 +15,26 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
-import type { Application, BalenaSDK } from 'balena-sdk';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
+import type {
+	BalenaSDK,
+	Device,
+	PineOptions,
+	PineTypedResult,
+} from 'balena-sdk';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
-import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
-
-interface ExtendedDevice extends DeviceWithDeviceType {
-	application_name?: string;
-}
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	application?: string;
-	app?: string;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-}
 
 export default class DeviceMoveCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Move one or more devices to another application.
+		Move one or more devices to another fleet.
 
-		Move one or more devices to another application.
+		Move one or more devices to another fleet.
 
-		Note, if the application option is omitted it will be prompted
-		for interactively.
+		If --fleet is omitted, the fleet will be prompted for interactively.
 
 		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
 	`;
@@ -53,80 +42,77 @@ export default class DeviceMoveCmd extends Command {
 	public static examples = [
 		'$ balena device move 7cf02a6',
 		'$ balena device move 7cf02a6,dc39e52',
-		'$ balena device move 7cf02a6 --application MyNewApp',
-		'$ balena device move 7cf02a6 -a myorg/mynewapp',
+		'$ balena device move 7cf02a6 --fleet MyNewFleet',
+		'$ balena device move 7cf02a6 -f myorg/mynewfleet',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description:
 				'comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of device UUIDs to be moved',
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device move <uuid(s)>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		application: cf.application,
-		app: cf.app,
+	public static flags = {
+		fleet: cf.fleet,
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
-	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DeviceMoveCmd,
-		);
+	private async getDevices(balena: BalenaSDK, deviceUuids: string[]) {
+		const deviceOptions = {
+			$select: 'belongs_to__application',
+			$expand: {
+				is_of__device_type: {
+					$select: 'is_of__cpu_architecture',
+					$expand: {
+						is_of__cpu_architecture: {
+							$select: 'slug',
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		} satisfies PineOptions<Device>;
 
-		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
-
-		const { tryAsInteger } = await import('../../utils/validation');
-		const { expandForAppName } = await import('../../utils/helpers');
-
-		options.application = options.application || options.app;
-		delete options.app;
-
-		// Parse ids string into array of correct types
-		const deviceIds: Array<string | number> = params.uuid
-			.split(',')
-			.map((id) => tryAsInteger(id));
-
-		// Get devices
+		// TODO: Refacor once `device.get()` accepts an array of uuids`
 		const devices = await Promise.all(
-			deviceIds.map(
+			deviceUuids.map(
 				(uuid) =>
-					balena.models.device.get(uuid, expandForAppName) as Promise<
-						ExtendedDevice
+					balena.models.device.get(uuid, deviceOptions) as Promise<
+						PineTypedResult<Device, typeof deviceOptions>
 					>,
 			),
 		);
+		return devices;
+	}
 
-		// Map application name for each device
-		for (const device of devices) {
-			const belongsToApplication = device.belongs_to__application as Application[];
-			device.application_name = belongsToApplication?.[0]
-				? belongsToApplication[0].app_name
-				: 'N/a';
-		}
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(DeviceMoveCmd);
 
-		// Disambiguate application (if is a number, it could either be an ID or a numerical name)
+		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
+
+		// Split uuids string into array of uuids
+		const deviceUuids = params.uuid.split(',');
+
+		const devices = await this.getDevices(balena, deviceUuids);
+
+		// Disambiguate application
 		const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
 
 		// Get destination application
-		const application = options.application
-			? await getApplication(balena, options.application)
+		const application = options.fleet
+			? await getApplication(balena, options.fleet, { $select: ['id', 'slug'] })
 			: await this.interactivelySelectApplication(balena, devices);
 
 		// Move each device
-		for (const uuid of deviceIds) {
+		for (const uuid of deviceUuids) {
 			try {
 				await balena.models.device.move(uuid, application.id);
-				console.info(
-					`Device ${uuid} was moved to application ${application.slug}`,
-				);
+				console.info(`Device ${uuid} was moved to fleet ${application.slug}`);
 			} catch (err) {
 				console.info(`${err.message}, uuid: ${uuid}`);
 				process.exitCode = 1;
@@ -136,45 +122,55 @@ export default class DeviceMoveCmd extends Command {
 
 	async interactivelySelectApplication(
 		balena: BalenaSDK,
-		devices: ExtendedDevice[],
+		devices: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof this.getDevices>>,
 	) {
-		const [deviceDeviceTypes, deviceTypes] = await Promise.all([
-			Promise.all(
-				devices.map((device) =>
-					balena.models.device.getManifestBySlug(
-						device.is_of__device_type[0].slug,
-					),
+		// deduplicate the slugs
+		const deviceCpuArchs = Array.from(
+			new Set(
+				devices.map(
+					(d) => d.is_of__device_type[0].is_of__cpu_architecture[0].slug,
 				),
 			),
-			balena.models.config.getDeviceTypes(),
-		]);
-
-		const compatibleDeviceTypes = deviceTypes.filter((dt) =>
-			deviceDeviceTypes.every(
-				(deviceDeviceType) =>
-					balena.models.os.isArchitectureCompatibleWith(
-						deviceDeviceType.arch,
-						dt.arch,
-					) &&
-					!!dt.isDependent === !!deviceDeviceType.isDependent &&
-					dt.state !== 'DISCONTINUED',
-			),
 		);
 
+		const allCpuArches = await balena.pine.get({
+			resource: 'cpu_architecture',
+			options: {
+				$select: ['id', 'slug'],
+			},
+		});
+
+		const compatibleCpuArchIds = allCpuArches
+			.filter((cpuArch) => {
+				return deviceCpuArchs.every((deviceCpuArch) =>
+					balena.models.os.isArchitectureCompatibleWith(
+						deviceCpuArch,
+						cpuArch.slug,
+					),
+				);
+			})
+			.map((deviceType) => deviceType.id);
+
 		const patterns = await import('../../utils/patterns');
 		try {
 			const application = await patterns.selectApplication(
-				(app) =>
-					compatibleDeviceTypes.some(
-						(dt) => dt.slug === app.is_for__device_type[0].slug,
-					) &&
-					// @ts-ignore using the extended device object prop
-					devices.some((device) => device.application_name !== app.app_name),
+				{
+					is_for__device_type: {
+						$any: {
+							$alias: 'dt',
+							$expr: {
+								dt: {
+									is_of__cpu_architecture: { $in: compatibleCpuArchIds },
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
 				true,
 			);
 			return application;
 		} catch (err) {
-			if (deviceDeviceTypes.length) {
+			if (!compatibleCpuArchIds.length) {
 				throw new ExpectedError(
 					`${err.message}\nDo all devices have a compatible architecture?`,
 				);

lib/commands/device/os-update.ts

@@ -15,25 +15,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Flags, Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent, getCliForm } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { tryAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
 import type { Device } from 'balena-sdk';
 import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	version?: string;
-	yes: boolean;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-}
-
 export default class DeviceOsUpdateCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Start a Host OS update for a device.
@@ -47,23 +35,29 @@ export default class DeviceOsUpdateCmd extends Command {
 		`;
 	public static examples = [
 		'$ balena device os-update 23c73a1',
+		'$ balena device os-update 23c73a1 --version 2.101.7',
 		'$ balena device os-update 23c73a1 --version 2.31.0+rev1.prod',
+		'$ balena device os-update 23c73a1 --include-draft',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description: 'the uuid of the device to update',
-			parse: (dev) => tryAsInteger(dev),
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device os-update <uuid>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		version: flags.string({
+	public static flags = {
+		version: Flags.string({
 			description: 'a balenaOS version',
+			exclusive: ['include-draft'],
+		}),
+		'include-draft': Flags.boolean({
+			description: 'include pre-release balenaOS versions',
+			default: false,
+			exclusive: ['version'],
 		}),
 		yes: cf.yes,
 		help: cf.help,
@@ -72,26 +66,21 @@ export default class DeviceOsUpdateCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DeviceOsUpdateCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } =
+			await this.parse(DeviceOsUpdateCmd);
 
 		const sdk = getBalenaSdk();
 
 		// Get device info
-		const {
-			uuid,
-			is_of__device_type,
-			os_version,
-			os_variant,
-		} = (await sdk.models.device.get(params.uuid, {
-			$select: ['uuid', 'os_version', 'os_variant'],
-			$expand: {
-				is_of__device_type: {
-					$select: 'slug',
+		const { uuid, is_of__device_type, os_version, os_variant } =
+			(await sdk.models.device.get(params.uuid, {
+				$select: ['uuid', 'os_version', 'os_variant'],
+				$expand: {
+					is_of__device_type: {
+						$select: 'slug',
+					},
 				},
-			},
-		})) as DeviceWithDeviceType;
+			})) as DeviceWithDeviceType;
 
 		// Get current device OS version
 		const currentOsVersion = sdk.models.device.getOsVersion({
@@ -104,10 +93,25 @@ export default class DeviceOsUpdateCmd extends Command {
 			);
 		}
 
+		let includeDraft = options['include-draft'];
+		if (!includeDraft && options.version != null) {
+			const bSemver = await import('balena-semver');
+			const parsedVersion = bSemver.parse(options.version);
+			// When the user provides a draft version, we need to pass `includeDraft`
+			// to the os.getSupportedOsUpdateVersions() since w/o it the results
+			// will for sure not include the user provided version and the command
+			// would return a "not in the Host OS update targets" error.
+			includeDraft =
+				parsedVersion != null && parsedVersion.prerelease.length > 0;
+		}
+
 		// Get supported OS update versions
 		const hupVersionInfo = await sdk.models.os.getSupportedOsUpdateVersions(
 			is_of__device_type[0].slug,
 			currentOsVersion,
+			{
+				includeDraft,
+			},
 		);
 		if (hupVersionInfo.versions.length === 0) {
 			throw new ExpectedError(
@@ -118,6 +122,8 @@ export default class DeviceOsUpdateCmd extends Command {
 		// Get target OS version
 		let targetOsVersion = options.version;
 		if (targetOsVersion != null) {
+			const { normalizeOsVersion } = await import('../../utils/normalization');
+			targetOsVersion = normalizeOsVersion(targetOsVersion);
 			if (!hupVersionInfo.versions.includes(targetOsVersion)) {
 				throw new ExpectedError(
 					`The provided version ${targetOsVersion} is not in the Host OS update targets for this device`,

lib/commands/device/pin.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+import { getExpandedProp } from '../../utils/pine';
+
+export default class DevicePinCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Pin a device to a release.
+
+		Pin a device to a release.
+
+		Note, if the commit is omitted, the currently pinned release will be printed, with instructions for how to see a list of releases
+		`;
+	public static examples = [
+		'$ balena device pin 7cf02a6',
+		'$ balena device pin 7cf02a6 91165e5',
+	];
+
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
+			description: 'the uuid of the device to pin to a release',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+		releaseToPinTo: Args.string({
+			description: 'the commit of the release for the device to get pinned to',
+		}),
+	};
+
+	public static usage = 'device pin <uuid> [releaseToPinTo]';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		help: cf.help,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(DevicePinCmd);
+
+		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
+
+		const device = await balena.models.device.get(params.uuid, {
+			$expand: {
+				should_be_running__release: {
+					$select: 'commit',
+				},
+				belongs_to__application: {
+					$select: 'slug',
+				},
+			},
+		});
+
+		const pinnedRelease = getExpandedProp(
+			device.should_be_running__release,
+			'commit',
+		);
+		const appSlug = getExpandedProp(device.belongs_to__application, 'slug');
+
+		const releaseToPinTo = params.releaseToPinTo;
+
+		if (!releaseToPinTo) {
+			console.log(
+				`${
+					pinnedRelease
+						? `This device is currently pinned to ${pinnedRelease}.`
+						: 'This device is not currently pinned to any release.'
+				} \n\nTo see a list of all releases this device can be pinned to, run \`balena releases ${appSlug}\`.`,
+			);
+		} else {
+			await balena.models.device.pinToRelease(params.uuid, releaseToPinTo);
+		}
+	}
+}

lib/commands/device/public-url.ts

@@ -15,26 +15,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Flags, Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { tryAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	enable: boolean;
-	disable: boolean;
-	status: boolean;
-	help?: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-	// Optional hidden arg to support old command format
-	legacyUuid?: string;
-}
 
 export default class DevicePublicUrlCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
@@ -43,9 +28,6 @@ export default class DevicePublicUrlCmd extends Command {
 		This command will output the current public URL for the
 		specified device.  It can also enable or disable the URL,
 		or output the enabled status, using the respective options.
-
-		The old command style 'balena device public-url enable <uuid>'
-		is deprecated, but still supported.
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
@@ -55,33 +37,25 @@ export default class DevicePublicUrlCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena device public-url 23c73a1 --status',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description: 'the uuid of the device to manage',
-			parse: (dev) => tryAsInteger(dev),
 			required: true,
-		},
-		{
-			// Optional hidden arg to support old command format
-			name: 'legacyUuid',
-			parse: (dev) => tryAsInteger(dev),
-			hidden: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device public-url <uuid>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		enable: flags.boolean({
+	public static flags = {
+		enable: Flags.boolean({
 			description: 'enable the public URL',
 			exclusive: ['disable', 'status'],
 		}),
-		disable: flags.boolean({
+		disable: Flags.boolean({
 			description: 'disable the public URL',
 			exclusive: ['enable', 'status'],
 		}),
-		status: flags.boolean({
+		status: Flags.boolean({
 			description: 'determine if public URL is enabled',
 			exclusive: ['enable', 'disable'],
 		}),
@@ -91,28 +65,8 @@ export default class DevicePublicUrlCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DevicePublicUrlCmd,
-		);
-
-		// Legacy command format support.
-		// Previously this command used the following format
-		// (changed due to oclif technicalities):
-		//   `balena device public-url enable|disable|status <uuid>`
-		if (params.legacyUuid) {
-			const action = params.uuid;
-			if (!['enable', 'disable', 'status'].includes(action)) {
-				throw new ExpectedError(
-					`Unexpected arguments: ${params.uuid} ${params.legacyUuid}`,
-				);
-			}
-
-			options.enable = action === 'enable';
-			options.disable = action === 'disable';
-			options.status = action === 'status';
-			params.uuid = params.legacyUuid;
-			delete params.legacyUuid;
-		}
+		const { args: params, flags: options } =
+			await this.parse(DevicePublicUrlCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 

lib/commands/device/purge.ts

@@ -15,26 +15,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, getCliUx, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-}
-
 export default class DevicePurgeCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Purge application data from a device.
+		Purge data from a device.
 
-		Purge application data from a device.
-		This will clear the application's /data directory.
+		Purge data from a device.
+		This will clear the device's "/data" directory.
 
 		Multiple devices may be specified with a comma-separated list
 		of values (no spaces).
@@ -46,34 +37,30 @@ export default class DevicePurgeCmd extends Command {
 
 	public static usage = 'device purge <uuid>';
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description: 'comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of device UUIDs',
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(DevicePurgeCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(DevicePurgeCmd);
 
-		const { tryAsInteger } = await import('../../utils/validation');
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 		const ux = getCliUx();
 
-		const deviceIds = params.uuid.split(',').map((id) => {
-			return tryAsInteger(id);
-		});
+		const deviceUuids = params.uuid.split(',');
 
-		for (const deviceId of deviceIds) {
-			ux.action.start(`Purging data from device ${deviceId}`);
-			await balena.models.device.purge(deviceId);
+		for (const uuid of deviceUuids) {
+			ux.action.start(`Purging data from device ${uuid}`);
+			await balena.models.device.purge(uuid);
 			ux.action.stop();
 		}
 	}

lib/commands/device/reboot.ts

@@ -15,21 +15,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { tryAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	force: boolean;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-}
 
 export default class DeviceRebootCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
@@ -39,18 +28,16 @@ export default class DeviceRebootCmd extends Command {
 		`;
 	public static examples = ['$ balena device reboot 23c73a1'];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description: 'the uuid of the device to reboot',
-			parse: (dev) => tryAsInteger(dev),
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device reboot <uuid>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		force: cf.force,
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
@@ -58,9 +45,7 @@ export default class DeviceRebootCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DeviceRebootCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(DeviceRebootCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 

lib/commands/device/register.ts

@@ -15,67 +15,71 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Flags } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import * as ca from '../../utils/common-args';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	uuid?: string;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	application: string;
-}
-
 export default class DeviceRegisterCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Register a device.
+		Register a new device.
 
-		Register a device to an application.
+		Register a new device with a balena fleet.
+
+		If --uuid is not provided, a new UUID will be automatically assigned.
 
 		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena device register MyApp',
-		'$ balena device register MyApp --uuid <uuid>',
-		'$ balena device register myorg/myapp --uuid <uuid>',
+		'$ balena device register MyFleet',
+		'$ balena device register MyFleet --uuid <uuid>',
+		'$ balena device register myorg/myfleet --uuid <uuid>',
+		'$ balena device register myorg/myfleet --uuid <uuid> --deviceType <deviceTypeSlug>',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [ca.applicationRequired];
+	public static args = {
+		fleet: ca.fleetRequired,
+	};
 
-	public static usage = 'device register <application>';
+	public static usage = 'device register <fleet>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		uuid: flags.string({
+	public static flags = {
+		uuid: Flags.string({
 			description: 'custom uuid',
 			char: 'u',
 		}),
+		deviceType: Flags.string({
+			description:
+				"device type slug (run 'balena devices supported' for possible values)",
+		}),
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DeviceRegisterCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } =
+			await this.parse(DeviceRegisterCmd);
 
 		const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 
-		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.application);
+		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.fleet, {
+			$select: ['id', 'slug'],
+		});
 		const uuid = options.uuid ?? balena.models.device.generateUniqueKey();
 
-		console.info(`Registering to ${application.app_name}: ${uuid}`);
+		console.info(`Registering to ${application.slug}: ${uuid}`);
 
-		const result = await balena.models.device.register(application.id, uuid);
+		const result = await balena.models.device.register(
+			application.id,
+			uuid,
+			options.deviceType,
+		);
 
 		return result && result.uuid;
 	}

lib/commands/device/rename.ts

@@ -15,21 +15,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent, getCliForm } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { tryAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-	newName?: string;
-}
 
 export default class DeviceRenameCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
@@ -44,29 +33,26 @@ export default class DeviceRenameCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena device rename 7cf02a6 MyPi',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description: 'the uuid of the device to rename',
-			parse: (dev) => tryAsInteger(dev),
 			required: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: 'newName',
+		}),
+		newName: Args.string({
 			description: 'the new name for the device',
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device rename <uuid> [newName]';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(DeviceRenameCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(DeviceRenameCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 

lib/commands/device/restart.ts

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Flags, Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, getCliUx, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
@@ -26,15 +25,6 @@ import type {
 	CurrentServiceWithCommit,
 } from 'balena-sdk';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-	service?: string;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-}
-
 export default class DeviceRestartCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Restart containers on a device.
@@ -55,19 +45,18 @@ export default class DeviceRestartCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena device restart 23c73a1 -s myService1,myService2',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description:
 				'comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of device UUIDs to restart',
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device restart <uuid>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		service: flags.string({
+	public static flags = {
+		service: Flags.string({
 			description:
 				'comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of service names to restart',
 			char: 's',
@@ -78,28 +67,23 @@ export default class DeviceRestartCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DeviceRestartCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(DeviceRestartCmd);
 
-		const { tryAsInteger } = await import('../../utils/validation');
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 		const ux = getCliUx();
 
-		const deviceIds = params.uuid.split(',').map((id) => {
-			return tryAsInteger(id);
-		});
+		const deviceUuids = params.uuid.split(',');
 		const serviceNames = options.service?.split(',');
 
-		// Iterate sequentially through deviceIds.
+		// Iterate sequentially through deviceUuids.
 		// We may later want to add a batching feature,
 		// so that n devices are processed in parallel
-		for (const deviceId of deviceIds) {
-			ux.action.start(`Restarting services on device ${deviceId}`);
+		for (const uuid of deviceUuids) {
+			ux.action.start(`Restarting services on device ${uuid}`);
 			if (serviceNames) {
-				await this.restartServices(balena, deviceId, serviceNames);
+				await this.restartServices(balena, uuid, serviceNames);
 			} else {
-				await this.restartAllServices(balena, deviceId);
+				await this.restartAllServices(balena, uuid);
 			}
 			ux.action.stop();
 		}
@@ -107,7 +91,7 @@ export default class DeviceRestartCmd extends Command {
 
 	async restartServices(
 		balena: BalenaSDK,
-		deviceId: number | string,
+		deviceUuid: string,
 		serviceNames: string[],
 	) {
 		const { ExpectedError, instanceOf } = await import('../../errors');
@@ -116,7 +100,7 @@ export default class DeviceRestartCmd extends Command {
 		// Get device
 		let device: DeviceWithServiceDetails<CurrentServiceWithCommit>;
 		try {
-			device = await balena.models.device.getWithServiceDetails(deviceId, {
+			device = await balena.models.device.getWithServiceDetails(deviceUuid, {
 				$expand: {
 					is_running__release: { $select: 'commit' },
 				},
@@ -124,7 +108,7 @@ export default class DeviceRestartCmd extends Command {
 		} catch (e) {
 			const { BalenaDeviceNotFound } = await import('balena-errors');
 			if (instanceOf(e, BalenaDeviceNotFound)) {
-				throw new ExpectedError(`Device ${deviceId} not found.`);
+				throw new ExpectedError(`Device ${deviceUuid} not found.`);
 			} else {
 				throw e;
 			}
@@ -136,7 +120,7 @@ export default class DeviceRestartCmd extends Command {
 		serviceNames.forEach((service) => {
 			if (!device.current_services[service]) {
 				throw new ExpectedError(
-					`Service ${service} not found on device ${deviceId}.`,
+					`Service ${service} not found on device ${deviceUuid}.`,
 				);
 			}
 		});
@@ -155,7 +139,7 @@ export default class DeviceRestartCmd extends Command {
 			if (serviceContainer) {
 				restartPromises.push(
 					balena.models.device.restartService(
-						deviceId,
+						deviceUuid,
 						serviceContainer.image_id,
 					),
 				);
@@ -166,32 +150,32 @@ export default class DeviceRestartCmd extends Command {
 			await Promise.all(restartPromises);
 		} catch (e) {
 			if (e.message.toLowerCase().includes('no online device')) {
-				throw new ExpectedError(`Device ${deviceId} is not online.`);
+				throw new ExpectedError(`Device ${deviceUuid} is not online.`);
 			} else {
 				throw e;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	async restartAllServices(balena: BalenaSDK, deviceId: number | string) {
+	async restartAllServices(balena: BalenaSDK, deviceUuid: string) {
 		// Note: device.restartApplication throws `BalenaDeviceNotFound: Device not found` if device not online.
 		// Need to use device.get first to distinguish between non-existant and offline devices.
 		// Remove this workaround when SDK issue resolved: https://github.com/balena-io/balena-sdk/issues/649
 		const { instanceOf, ExpectedError } = await import('../../errors');
 		try {
-			const device = await balena.models.device.get(deviceId);
+			const device = await balena.models.device.get(deviceUuid);
 			if (!device.is_online) {
-				throw new ExpectedError(`Device ${deviceId} is not online.`);
+				throw new ExpectedError(`Device ${deviceUuid} is not online.`);
 			}
 		} catch (e) {
 			const { BalenaDeviceNotFound } = await import('balena-errors');
 			if (instanceOf(e, BalenaDeviceNotFound)) {
-				throw new ExpectedError(`Device ${deviceId} not found.`);
+				throw new ExpectedError(`Device ${deviceUuid} not found.`);
 			} else {
 				throw e;
 			}
 		}
 
-		await balena.models.device.restartApplication(deviceId);
+		await balena.models.device.restartApplication(deviceUuid);
 	}
 }

lib/commands/device/rm.ts

@@ -15,21 +15,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { tryAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	yes: boolean;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-}
 
 export default class DeviceRmCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
@@ -46,18 +35,17 @@ export default class DeviceRmCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena device rm 7cf02a6 --yes',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description:
 				'comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of device UUIDs to be removed',
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device rm <uuid(s)>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		yes: cf.yes,
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
@@ -65,9 +53,7 @@ export default class DeviceRmCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DeviceRmCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(DeviceRmCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 		const patterns = await import('../../utils/patterns');
@@ -84,7 +70,7 @@ export default class DeviceRmCmd extends Command {
 		// Remove
 		for (const uuid of uuids) {
 			try {
-				await balena.models.device.remove(tryAsInteger(uuid));
+				await balena.models.device.remove(uuid);
 			} catch (err) {
 				console.info(`${err.message}, uuid: ${uuid}`);
 				process.exitCode = 1;

lib/commands/device/shutdown.ts

@@ -15,23 +15,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type { IArg } from '@oclif/parser/lib/args';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
-import { tryAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
 import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	force: boolean;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	uuid: string;
-}
-
 export default class DeviceShutdownCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Shutdown a device.
@@ -40,18 +29,16 @@ export default class DeviceShutdownCmd extends Command {
 		`;
 	public static examples = ['$ balena device shutdown 23c73a1'];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'uuid',
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
 			description: 'the uuid of the device to shutdown',
-			parse: (dev) => tryAsInteger(dev),
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'device shutdown <uuid>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		force: cf.force,
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
@@ -59,9 +46,8 @@ export default class DeviceShutdownCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			DeviceShutdownCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } =
+			await this.parse(DeviceShutdownCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 

lib/commands/device/start-service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, getCliUx, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+import type { BalenaSDK } from 'balena-sdk';
+
+export default class DeviceStartServiceCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Start containers on a device.
+
+		Start containers on a device.
+
+		Multiple devices and services may be specified with a comma-separated list
+		of values (no spaces).
+		`;
+	public static examples = [
+		'$ balena device start-service 23c73a1 myService',
+		'$ balena device start-service 23c73a1 myService1,myService2',
+	];
+
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
+			description: 'comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of device UUIDs',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+		service: Args.string({
+			description: 'comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of service names',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+	};
+
+	public static usage = 'device start-service <uuid>';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		help: cf.help,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(DeviceStartServiceCmd);
+
+		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
+		const ux = getCliUx();
+
+		const deviceUuids = params.uuid.split(',');
+		const serviceNames = params.service.split(',');
+
+		// Iterate sequentially through deviceUuids.
+		// We may later want to add a batching feature,
+		// so that n devices are processed in parallel
+		for (const uuid of deviceUuids) {
+			ux.action.start(`Starting services on device ${uuid}`);
+			await this.startServices(balena, uuid, serviceNames);
+			ux.action.stop();
+		}
+	}
+
+	async startServices(
+		balena: BalenaSDK,
+		deviceUuid: string,
+		serviceNames: string[],
+	) {
+		const { ExpectedError } = await import('../../errors');
+		const { getExpandedProp } = await import('../../utils/pine');
+
+		// Get device
+		const device = await balena.models.device.getWithServiceDetails(
+			deviceUuid,
+			{
+				$expand: {
+					is_running__release: { $select: 'commit' },
+				},
+			},
+		);
+
+		const activeReleaseCommit = getExpandedProp(
+			device.is_running__release,
+			'commit',
+		);
+
+		// Check specified services exist on this device before startinganything
+		serviceNames.forEach((service) => {
+			if (!device.current_services[service]) {
+				throw new ExpectedError(
+					`Service ${service} not found on device ${deviceUuid}.`,
+				);
+			}
+		});
+
+		// Start services
+		const startPromises: Array<Promise<void>> = [];
+		for (const serviceName of serviceNames) {
+			const service = device.current_services[serviceName];
+			// Each service is an array of `CurrentServiceWithCommit`
+			// because when service is updating, it will actually hold 2 services
+			// Target commit matching `device.is_running__release`
+			const serviceContainer = service.find((s) => {
+				return s.commit === activeReleaseCommit;
+			});
+
+			if (serviceContainer) {
+				startPromises.push(
+					balena.models.device.startService(
+						deviceUuid,
+						serviceContainer.image_id,
+					),
+				);
+			}
+		}
+
+		try {
+			await Promise.all(startPromises);
+		} catch (e) {
+			if (e.message.toLowerCase().includes('no online device')) {
+				throw new ExpectedError(`Device ${deviceUuid} is not online.`);
+			} else {
+				throw e;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

lib/commands/device/stop-service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, getCliUx, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+import type { BalenaSDK } from 'balena-sdk';
+
+export default class DeviceStopServiceCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Stop containers on a device.
+
+		Stop containers on a device.
+
+		Multiple devices and services may be specified with a comma-separated list
+		of values (no spaces).
+		`;
+	public static examples = [
+		'$ balena device stop-service 23c73a1 myService',
+		'$ balena device stop-service 23c73a1 myService1,myService2',
+	];
+
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
+			description: 'comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of device UUIDs',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+		service: Args.string({
+			description: 'comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of service names',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+	};
+
+	public static usage = 'device stop-service <uuid>';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		help: cf.help,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(DeviceStopServiceCmd);
+
+		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
+		const ux = getCliUx();
+
+		const deviceUuids = params.uuid.split(',');
+		const serviceNames = params.service.split(',');
+
+		// Iterate sequentially through deviceUuids.
+		// We may later want to add a batching feature,
+		// so that n devices are processed in parallel
+		for (const uuid of deviceUuids) {
+			ux.action.start(`Stopping services on device ${uuid}`);
+			await this.stopServices(balena, uuid, serviceNames);
+			ux.action.stop();
+		}
+	}
+
+	async stopServices(
+		balena: BalenaSDK,
+		deviceUuid: string,
+		serviceNames: string[],
+	) {
+		const { ExpectedError } = await import('../../errors');
+		const { getExpandedProp } = await import('../../utils/pine');
+
+		// Get device
+		const device = await balena.models.device.getWithServiceDetails(
+			deviceUuid,
+			{
+				$expand: {
+					is_running__release: { $select: 'commit' },
+				},
+			},
+		);
+
+		const activeReleaseCommit = getExpandedProp(
+			device.is_running__release,
+			'commit',
+		);
+
+		// Check specified services exist on this device before stoppinganything
+		serviceNames.forEach((service) => {
+			if (!device.current_services[service]) {
+				throw new ExpectedError(
+					`Service ${service} not found on device ${deviceUuid}.`,
+				);
+			}
+		});
+
+		// Stop services
+		const stopPromises: Array<Promise<void>> = [];
+		for (const serviceName of serviceNames) {
+			const service = device.current_services[serviceName];
+			// Each service is an array of `CurrentServiceWithCommit`
+			// because when service is updating, it will actually hold 2 services
+			// Target commit matching `device.is_running__release`
+			const serviceContainer = service.find((s) => {
+				return s.commit === activeReleaseCommit;
+			});
+
+			if (serviceContainer) {
+				stopPromises.push(
+					balena.models.device.stopService(
+						deviceUuid,
+						serviceContainer.image_id,
+					),
+				);
+			}
+		}
+
+		try {
+			await Promise.all(stopPromises);
+		} catch (e) {
+			if (e.message.toLowerCase().includes('no online device')) {
+				throw new ExpectedError(`Device ${deviceUuid} is not online.`);
+			} else {
+				throw e;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

lib/commands/device/track-fleet.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+
+export default class DeviceTrackFleetCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Make a device track the fleet's pinned release.
+
+		Make a device track the fleet's pinned release.
+		`;
+	public static examples = ['$ balena device track-fleet 7cf02a6'];
+
+	public static args = {
+		uuid: Args.string({
+			description: "the uuid of the device to make track the fleet's release",
+			required: true,
+		}),
+	};
+
+	public static usage = 'device track-fleet <uuid>';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		help: cf.help,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(DeviceTrackFleetCmd);
+
+		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
+
+		await balena.models.device.trackApplicationRelease(params.uuid);
+	}
+}

lib/commands/devices/index.ts

@@ -15,34 +15,33 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { expandForAppName } from '../../utils/helpers';
 import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { applicationIdInfo, jsonInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
-import type { Application } from 'balena-sdk';
 
-interface ExtendedDevice extends DeviceWithDeviceType {
-	dashboard_url?: string;
-	application_name?: string | null;
-	device_type?: string | null;
-}
+import type { Device, PineOptions } from 'balena-sdk';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	application?: string;
-	app?: string;
-	help: void;
-	json: boolean;
-}
+const devicesSelectFields = {
+	$select: [
+		'id',
+		'uuid',
+		'device_name',
+		'status',
+		'is_online',
+		'supervisor_version',
+		'os_version',
+	],
+} satisfies PineOptions<Device>;
 
 export default class DevicesCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		List all devices.
 
-		list all devices that belong to you.
+		List all of your devices.
 
-		You can filter the devices by application by using the \`--application\` option.
+		Devices can be filtered by fleet with the \`--fleet\` option.
 
 		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
 
@@ -50,17 +49,14 @@ export default class DevicesCmd extends Command {
 	`;
 	public static examples = [
 		'$ balena devices',
-		'$ balena devices --application MyApp',
-		'$ balena devices --app MyApp',
-		'$ balena devices -a MyApp',
-		'$ balena devices -a myorg/myapp',
+		'$ balena devices --fleet MyFleet',
+		'$ balena devices -f myorg/myfleet',
 	];
 
 	public static usage = 'devices';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		application: cf.application,
-		app: cf.app,
+	public static flags = {
+		fleet: cf.fleet,
 		json: cf.json,
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
@@ -70,63 +66,60 @@ export default class DevicesCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, {}>(DevicesCmd);
+		const { flags: options } = await this.parse(DevicesCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
+		const devicesOptions = {
+			...devicesSelectFields,
+			...expandForAppName,
+			$orderby: { device_name: 'asc' },
+		} satisfies PineOptions<Device>;
 
-		// Consolidate application options
-		options.application = options.application || options.app;
-		delete options.app;
+		const devices = (
+			await (async () => {
+				if (options.fleet != null) {
+					const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
+					const application = await getApplication(balena, options.fleet, {
+						$select: 'slug',
+						$expand: {
+							owns__device: devicesOptions,
+						},
+					});
+					return application.owns__device;
+				}
 
-		let devices;
+				return await balena.pine.get({
+					resource: 'device',
+					options: devicesOptions,
+				});
+			})()
+		).map((device) => ({
+			...device,
+			dashboard_url: balena.models.device.getDashboardUrl(device.uuid),
+			fleet: device.belongs_to__application?.[0]?.slug || null,
+			uuid: options.json ? device.uuid : device.uuid.slice(0, 7),
+			device_type: device.is_of__device_type?.[0]?.slug || null,
+		}));
 
-		if (options.application != null) {
-			const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
-			const application = await getApplication(balena, options.application);
-			devices = (await balena.models.device.getAllByApplication(
-				application.id,
-				expandForAppName,
-			)) as ExtendedDevice[];
-		} else {
-			devices = (await balena.models.device.getAll(
-				expandForAppName,
-			)) as ExtendedDevice[];
-		}
-
-		devices = devices.map(function (device) {
-			device.dashboard_url = balena.models.device.getDashboardUrl(device.uuid);
-
-			const belongsToApplication = device.belongs_to__application as Application[];
-			device.application_name = belongsToApplication?.[0]?.app_name || null;
-
-			device.uuid = options.json ? device.uuid : device.uuid.slice(0, 7);
-
-			device.device_type = device.is_of__device_type?.[0]?.slug || null;
-			return device;
-		});
-
-		const fields = [
+		const fields: Array<keyof (typeof devices)[number]> = [
 			'id',
 			'uuid',
 			'device_name',
 			'device_type',
-			'application_name',
+			'fleet',
 			'status',
 			'is_online',
 			'supervisor_version',
 			'os_version',
 			'dashboard_url',
 		];
-		const _ = await import('lodash');
+
 		if (options.json) {
-			console.log(
-				JSON.stringify(
-					devices.map((device) => _.pick(device, fields)),
-					null,
-					4,
-				),
-			);
+			const { pickAndRename } = await import('../../utils/helpers');
+			const mapped = devices.map((device) => pickAndRename(device, fields));
+			console.log(JSON.stringify(mapped, null, 4));
 		} else {
+			const _ = await import('lodash');
 			console.log(
 				getVisuals().table.horizontal(
 					devices.map((dev) => _.mapValues(dev, (val) => val ?? 'N/a')),

lib/commands/devices/supported.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2016-2019 Balena Ltd.
+ * Copyright 2016-2021 Balena Ltd.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import type * as SDK from 'balena-sdk';
+import { Flags } from '@oclif/core';
+import type * as BalenaSdk from 'balena-sdk';
 import * as _ from 'lodash';
 import Command from '../../command';
 
@@ -23,24 +23,12 @@ import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { CommandHelp } from '../../utils/oclif-utils';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	discontinued: boolean;
-	help: void;
-	json?: boolean;
-	verbose?: boolean;
-}
-
 export default class DevicesSupportedCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		List the supported device types (like 'raspberrypi3' or 'intel-nuc').
 
 		List the supported device types (like 'raspberrypi3' or 'intel-nuc').
 
-		The --verbose option adds extra columns/fields to the output, including the
-		"STATE" column whose values are one of 'new', 'released' or 'discontinued'.
-		However, 'discontinued' device types are only listed if the '--discontinued'
-		option is used.
-
 		The --json option is recommended when scripting the output of this command,
 		because the JSON format is less likely to change and it better represents data
 		types like lists and empty strings (for example, the ALIASES column contains a
@@ -49,8 +37,7 @@ export default class DevicesSupportedCmd extends Command {
 `;
 	public static examples = [
 		'$ balena devices supported',
-		'$ balena devices supported --verbose',
-		'$ balena devices supported -vj',
+		'$ balena devices supported --json',
 	];
 
 	public static usage = (
@@ -58,56 +45,50 @@ export default class DevicesSupportedCmd extends Command {
 		new CommandHelp({ args: DevicesSupportedCmd.args }).defaultUsage()
 	).trim();
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		discontinued: flags.boolean({
-			description: 'include "discontinued" device types',
-		}),
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
-		json: flags.boolean({
+		json: Flags.boolean({
 			char: 'j',
 			description: 'produce JSON output instead of tabular output',
 		}),
-		verbose: flags.boolean({
-			char: 'v',
-			description:
-				'add extra columns in the tabular output (ALIASES, ARCH, STATE)',
-		}),
 	};
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, {}>(DevicesSupportedCmd);
-		const dts = await getBalenaSdk().models.config.getDeviceTypes();
-		let deviceTypes: Array<Partial<SDK.DeviceTypeJson.DeviceType>> = dts.map(
-			(d) => {
-				if (d.aliases && d.aliases.length) {
-					// remove aliases that are equal to the slug
-					d.aliases = d.aliases.filter((alias: string) => alias !== d.slug);
-					if (!options.json) {
-						// stringify the aliases array with commas and spaces
-						d.aliases = [d.aliases.join(', ')];
-					}
-				} else {
-					// ensure it is always an array (for the benefit of JSON output)
-					d.aliases = [];
-				}
-				return d;
+		const { flags: options } = await this.parse(DevicesSupportedCmd);
+		const pineOptions = {
+			$select: ['slug', 'name'],
+			$expand: {
+				is_of__cpu_architecture: { $select: 'slug' },
+				device_type_alias: {
+					$select: 'is_referenced_by__alias',
+					$orderby: { is_referenced_by__alias: 'asc' },
+				},
 			},
-		);
-		if (!options.discontinued) {
-			deviceTypes = deviceTypes.filter((dt) => dt.state !== 'DISCONTINUED');
+		} satisfies BalenaSdk.PineOptions<BalenaSdk.DeviceType>;
+		const dts = (await getBalenaSdk().models.deviceType.getAllSupported(
+			pineOptions,
+		)) as Array<
+			BalenaSdk.PineTypedResult<BalenaSdk.DeviceType, typeof pineOptions>
+		>;
+		interface DT {
+			slug: string;
+			aliases: string[];
+			arch: string;
+			name: string;
 		}
-		const fields = options.verbose
-			? ['slug', 'aliases', 'arch', 'state', 'name']
-			: ['slug', 'aliases', 'arch', 'name'];
-		deviceTypes = _.sortBy(
-			deviceTypes.map((d) => {
-				const picked = _.pick(d, fields);
-				// 'BETA' renamed to 'NEW'
-				picked.state = picked.state === 'BETA' ? 'NEW' : picked.state;
-				return picked;
-			}),
-			fields,
-		);
+		let deviceTypes = dts.map((dt): DT => {
+			const aliases = dt.device_type_alias
+				.map((dta) => dta.is_referenced_by__alias)
+				.filter((alias) => alias !== dt.slug);
+			return {
+				slug: dt.slug,
+				aliases: options.json ? aliases : [aliases.join(', ')],
+				arch: dt.is_of__cpu_architecture[0]?.slug || 'n/a',
+				name: dt.name || 'N/A',
+			};
+		});
+		const fields = ['slug', 'aliases', 'arch', 'name'];
+		deviceTypes = _.sortBy(deviceTypes, fields);
 		if (options.json) {
 			console.log(JSON.stringify(deviceTypes, null, 4));
 		} else {

lib/commands/env/add.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import type * as BalenaSdk from 'balena-sdk';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
 
 interface FlagsDef {
-	application?: string;
+	fleet?: string;
 	device?: string; // device UUID
 	help: void;
 	quiet: boolean;
@@ -38,18 +38,17 @@ interface ArgsDef {
 
 export default class EnvAddCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Add env or config variable to application(s), device(s) or service(s).
+		Add env or config variable to fleets, devices or services.
 
-		Add an environment or config variable to one or more applications, devices
-		or services, as selected by the respective command-line options. Either the
-		--application or the --device option must be provided, and either may be be
+		Add an environment or config variable to one or more fleets, devices or
+		services, as selected by the respective command-line options. Either the
+		--fleet or the --device option must be provided,  and either may be be
 		used alongside the --service option to define a service-specific variable.
-		(A service is an application container in a "microservices" application.)
+		(A service corresponds to a Docker image/container in a microservices fleet.)
 		When the --service option is used in conjunction with the --device option,
-		the service variable applies to the selected device only. Otherwise, it
-		applies to all devices of the selected application (i.e., the application's
-		fleet). If the --service option is omitted, the variable applies to all
-		services.
+		the service variable applies to the selected device only.  Otherwise, it
+		applies to all devices of the selected fleet. If the --service option is
+		omitted, the variable applies to all services.
 
 		If VALUE is omitted, the CLI will attempt to use the value of the environment
 		variable of same name in the CLI process' environment. In this case, a warning
@@ -61,58 +60,55 @@ export default class EnvAddCmd extends Command {
 		running on devices. They are also stored differently in the balenaCloud API
 		database. Configuration variables cannot be set for specific services,
 		therefore the --service option cannot be used when the variable name starts
-		with a reserved prefix. When defining custom application variables, please
-		avoid the reserved prefixes.
+		with a reserved prefix. When defining custom fleet variables, please avoid
+		these reserved prefixes.
 
 		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena env add TERM --application MyApp',
-		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --application MyApp',
-		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim -a myorg/myapp',
-		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --application MyApp,MyApp2',
-		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --application MyApp --service MyService',
-		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --application MyApp,MyApp2 --service MyService,MyService2',
+		'$ balena env add TERM --fleet MyFleet',
+		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim -f myorg/myfleet',
+		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --fleet MyFleet,MyFleet2',
+		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --fleet MyFleet --service MyService',
+		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --fleet MyFleet,MyFleet2 --service MyService,MyService2',
 		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --device 7cf02a6',
 		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --device 7cf02a6,d6f1433',
 		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --device 7cf02a6 --service MyService',
 		'$ balena env add EDITOR vim --device 7cf02a6,d6f1433 --service MyService,MyService2',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'name',
+	public static args = {
+		name: Args.string({
 			required: true,
 			description: 'environment or config variable name',
-		},
-		{
-			name: 'value',
+		}),
+		value: Args.string({
 			required: false,
 			description:
 				"variable value; if omitted, use value from this process' environment",
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
+	// Required for supporting empty string ('') `value` args.
+	public static strict = false;
 	public static usage = 'env add <name> [value]';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		application: { ...cf.application, exclusive: ['device'] },
-		device: { ...cf.device, exclusive: ['application'] },
+	public static flags = {
+		fleet: { ...cf.fleet, exclusive: ['device'] },
+		device: { ...cf.device, exclusive: ['fleet'] },
 		help: cf.help,
 		quiet: cf.quiet,
 		service: cf.service,
 	};
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			EnvAddCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(EnvAddCmd);
 		const cmd = this;
 
-		if (!options.application && !options.device) {
+		if (!options.fleet && !options.device) {
 			throw new ExpectedError(
-				'Either the --application or the --device option must be specified',
+				'Either the --fleet or the --device option must be specified',
 			);
 		}
 
@@ -152,16 +148,16 @@ export default class EnvAddCmd extends Command {
 		}
 
 		const varType = isConfigVar ? 'configVar' : 'envVar';
-		if (options.application) {
-			for (const app of options.application.split(',')) {
+		if (options.fleet) {
+			for (const appSlug of await resolveFleetSlugs(balena, options.fleet)) {
 				try {
 					await balena.models.application[varType].set(
-						app,
+						appSlug,
 						params.name,
 						params.value,
 					);
 				} catch (err) {
-					console.error(`${err.message}, app: ${app}`);
+					console.error(`${err.message}, fleet: ${appSlug}`);
 					process.exitCode = 1;
 				}
 			}
@@ -182,26 +178,45 @@ export default class EnvAddCmd extends Command {
 	}
 }
 
+// TODO: Stop accepting application names in the next major
+// and just drop this in favor of doing the .split(',') directly.
+async function resolveFleetSlugs(
+	balena: BalenaSdk.BalenaSDK,
+	fleetOption: string,
+) {
+	const fleetSlugs: string[] = [];
+	const { getFleetSlug } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
+	for (const appNameOrSlug of fleetOption.split(',')) {
+		try {
+			fleetSlugs.push(await getFleetSlug(balena, appNameOrSlug));
+		} catch (err) {
+			console.error(`${err.message}, fleet: ${appNameOrSlug}`);
+			process.exitCode = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return fleetSlugs;
+}
+
 /**
- * Add service variables for a device or application.
+ * Add service variables for a device or fleet.
  */
 async function setServiceVars(
 	sdk: BalenaSdk.BalenaSDK,
 	params: ArgsDef,
 	options: FlagsDef,
 ) {
-	if (options.application) {
-		for (const app of options.application.split(',')) {
+	if (options.fleet) {
+		for (const appSlug of await resolveFleetSlugs(sdk, options.fleet)) {
 			for (const service of options.service!.split(',')) {
 				try {
-					const serviceId = await getServiceIdForApp(sdk, app, service);
+					const serviceId = await getServiceIdForApp(sdk, appSlug, service);
 					await sdk.models.service.var.set(
 						serviceId,
 						params.name,
 						params.value!,
 					);
 				} catch (err) {
-					console.error(`${err.message}, application: ${app}`);
+					console.error(`${err.message}, fleet: ${appSlug}`);
 					process.exitCode = 1;
 				}
 			}
@@ -216,7 +231,7 @@ async function setServiceVars(
 					sdk,
 					uuid,
 					['id'],
-					['app_name'],
+					['slug'],
 				);
 			} catch (err) {
 				console.error(`${err.message}, device: ${uuid}`);
@@ -225,11 +240,7 @@ async function setServiceVars(
 			}
 			for (const service of options.service!.split(',')) {
 				try {
-					const serviceId = await getServiceIdForApp(
-						sdk,
-						app.app_name,
-						service,
-					);
+					const serviceId = await getServiceIdForApp(sdk, app.slug, service);
 					await sdk.models.device.serviceVar.set(
 						device.id,
 						serviceId,
@@ -250,11 +261,12 @@ async function setServiceVars(
  */
 async function getServiceIdForApp(
 	sdk: BalenaSdk.BalenaSDK,
-	appName: string,
+	appSlug: string,
 	serviceName: string,
 ): Promise<number> {
 	let serviceId: number | undefined;
-	const services = await sdk.models.service.getAllByApplication(appName, {
+	const services = await sdk.models.service.getAllByApplication(appSlug, {
+		$select: 'id',
 		$filter: { service_name: serviceName },
 	});
 	if (services.length > 0) {
@@ -262,7 +274,7 @@ async function getServiceIdForApp(
 	}
 	if (serviceId === undefined) {
 		throw new ExpectedError(
-			`Cannot find service ${serviceName} for application ${appName}`,
+			`Cannot find service ${serviceName} for fleet ${appSlug}`,
 		);
 	}
 	return serviceId;

lib/commands/env/rename.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
@@ -22,25 +22,11 @@ import * as ec from '../../utils/env-common';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { parseAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
 
-type IArg<T> = import('@oclif/parser').args.IArg<T>;
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	config: boolean;
-	device: boolean;
-	service: boolean;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	id: number;
-	value: string;
-}
-
 export default class EnvRenameCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Change the value of a config or env var for an app, device or service.
+		Change the value of a config or env var for a fleet, device or service.
 
-		Change the value of a configuration or environment variable for an application,
+		Change the value of a configuration or environment variable for a fleet,
 		device or service, as selected by command-line options.
 
 		${ec.rmRenameHelp.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
@@ -54,24 +40,22 @@ export default class EnvRenameCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena env rename 678678 1 --device --config',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'id',
+	public static args = {
+		id: Args.integer({
 			required: true,
 			description: "variable's numeric database ID",
-			parse: (input) => parseAsInteger(input, 'id'),
-		},
-		{
-			name: 'value',
+			parse: async (input) => parseAsInteger(input, 'id'),
+		}),
+		value: Args.string({
 			required: true,
 			description:
 				"variable value; if omitted, use value from this process' environment",
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'env rename <id> <value>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		config: ec.booleanConfig,
 		device: ec.booleanDevice,
 		service: ec.booleanService,
@@ -79,9 +63,7 @@ export default class EnvRenameCmd extends Command {
 	};
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: opt } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			EnvRenameCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: opt } = await this.parse(EnvRenameCmd);
 
 		await Command.checkLoggedIn();
 

lib/commands/env/rm.ts

@@ -15,31 +15,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Flags, Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 
 import * as ec from '../../utils/env-common';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { parseAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
 
-type IArg<T> = import('@oclif/parser').args.IArg<T>;
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	config: boolean;
-	device: boolean;
-	service: boolean;
-	yes: boolean;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	id: number;
-}
-
 export default class EnvRmCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Remove a config or env var from an application, device or service.
+		Remove a config or env var from a fleet, device or service.
 
-		Remove a configuration or environment variable from an application, device
+		Remove a configuration or environment variable from a fleet, device
 		or service, as selected by command-line options.
 
 		${ec.rmRenameHelp.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
@@ -57,22 +44,21 @@ export default class EnvRmCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena env rm 789789 --device --service --yes',
 	];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'id',
+	public static args = {
+		id: Args.integer({
 			required: true,
 			description: "variable's numeric database ID",
-			parse: (input) => parseAsInteger(input, 'id'),
-		},
-	];
+			parse: async (input) => parseAsInteger(input, 'id'),
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'env rm <id>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		config: ec.booleanConfig,
 		device: ec.booleanDevice,
 		service: ec.booleanService,
-		yes: flags.boolean({
+		yes: Flags.boolean({
 			char: 'y',
 			description:
 				'do not prompt for confirmation before deleting the variable',
@@ -81,9 +67,7 @@ export default class EnvRmCmd extends Command {
 	};
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: opt } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			EnvRmCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: opt } = await this.parse(EnvRmCmd);
 
 		await Command.checkLoggedIn();
 
@@ -91,8 +75,6 @@ export default class EnvRmCmd extends Command {
 		await confirm(
 			opt.yes || false,
 			'Are you sure you want to delete the environment variable?',
-			undefined,
-			true,
 		);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();

lib/commands/envs/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2016-2019 Balena Ltd.
+ * Copyright 2016-2021 Balena Ltd.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,62 +14,54 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Flags } from '@oclif/core';
+import type { Interfaces } from '@oclif/core';
 import type * as SDK from 'balena-sdk';
 import * as _ from 'lodash';
-import Command from '../command';
-import { ExpectedError } from '../errors';
-import * as cf from '../utils/common-flags';
-import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../utils/lazy';
-import { applicationIdInfo } from '../utils/messages';
-import { isV13 } from '../utils/version';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	application?: string;
-	config: boolean;
-	device?: string; // device UUID
-	json: boolean;
-	help: void;
-	service?: string; // service name
-	verbose: boolean;
-}
+type FlagsDef = Interfaces.InferredFlags<typeof EnvsCmd.flags>;
 
 interface EnvironmentVariableInfo extends SDK.EnvironmentVariableBase {
-	appName?: string | null; // application name
+	fleet?: string | null; // fleet slug
 	deviceUUID?: string; // device UUID
 	serviceName?: string; // service name
 }
 
 interface DeviceServiceEnvironmentVariableInfo
 	extends SDK.DeviceServiceEnvironmentVariable {
-	appName?: string; // application name
+	fleet?: string; // fleet slug
 	deviceUUID?: string; // device UUID
 	serviceName?: string; // service name
 }
 
 interface ServiceEnvironmentVariableInfo
 	extends SDK.ServiceEnvironmentVariable {
-	appName?: string; // application name
+	fleet?: string; // fleet slug
 	deviceUUID?: string; // device UUID
 	serviceName?: string; // service name
 }
 
 export default class EnvsCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		List the environment or config variables of an application, device or service.
+		List the environment or config variables of a fleet, device or service.
 
-		List the environment or configuration variables of an application, device or
-		service, as selected by the respective command-line options. (A service is
-		an application container in a "microservices" application.)
+		List the environment or configuration variables of a fleet, device or
+		service, as selected by the respective command-line options. (A service
+		corresponds to a Docker image/container in a microservices fleet.)
 
-		The results include application-wide (fleet), device-wide (multiple services on
-		a device) and service-specific variables that apply to the selected application,
-		device or service. It can be thought of as including "inherited" variables;
-		for example, a service inherits device-wide variables, and a device inherits
-		application-wide variables.
+		The results include fleet-wide (multiple devices), device-specific (multiple
+		services on a specific device) and service-specific variables that apply to the
+		selected fleet, device or service. It can be thought of as including inherited
+		variables; for example, a service inherits device-wide variables, and a device
+		inherits fleet-wide variables.
 
 		The printed output may include DEVICE and/or SERVICE columns to distinguish
-		between application-wide, device-specific and service-specific variables.
+		between fleet-wide, device-specific and service-specific variables.
 		An asterisk in these columns indicates that the variable applies to
 		"all devices" or "all services".
 
@@ -83,22 +75,19 @@ export default class EnvsCmd extends Command {
 		types like lists and empty strings. The 'jq' utility may be helpful in shell
 		scripts (https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/). When --json is used, an empty
 		JSON array ([]) is printed instead of an error message when no variables exist
-		for the given query. When querying variables for a device, note that the
-		application name may be null in JSON output (or 'N/A' in tabular output) if the
-		application linked to the device is no longer accessible by the current user
-		(for example, in case the current user has been removed from the application
-		by its owner).
+		for the given query. When querying variables for a device, note that the fleet
+		name may be null in JSON output (or 'N/A' in tabular output) if the fleet that
+		the device belonged to is no longer accessible by the current user (for example,
+		in case the current user was removed from the fleet by the fleet's owner).
 
 		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena envs --application MyApp',
-		'$ balena envs --application myorg/myapp',
-		'$ balena envs --application MyApp --json',
-		'$ balena envs --application MyApp --service MyService',
-		'$ balena envs --application MyApp --service MyService',
-		'$ balena envs --application MyApp --config',
+		'$ balena envs --fleet myorg/myfleet',
+		'$ balena envs --fleet MyFleet --json',
+		'$ balena envs --fleet MyFleet --service MyService',
+		'$ balena envs --fleet MyFleet --config',
 		'$ balena envs --device 7cf02a6',
 		'$ balena envs --device 7cf02a6 --json',
 		'$ balena envs --device 7cf02a6 --config --json',
@@ -107,74 +96,69 @@ export default class EnvsCmd extends Command {
 
 	public static usage = 'envs';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		...(isV13()
-			? {}
-			: {
-					all: flags.boolean({
-						default: false,
-						description: stripIndent`
-				No-op since balena CLI v12.0.0.`,
-						hidden: true,
-					}),
-			  }),
-
-		application: { exclusive: ['device'], ...cf.application },
-		config: flags.boolean({
+	public static flags = {
+		fleet: { ...cf.fleet, exclusive: ['device'] },
+		config: Flags.boolean({
 			default: false,
 			char: 'c',
 			description: 'show configuration variables only',
 			exclusive: ['service'],
 		}),
-		device: { exclusive: ['application'], ...cf.device },
+		device: { ...cf.device, exclusive: ['fleet'] },
 		help: cf.help,
 		json: cf.json,
-		verbose: cf.verbose,
-		service: { exclusive: ['config'], ...cf.service },
+		service: { ...cf.service, exclusive: ['config'] },
 	};
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, {}>(EnvsCmd);
+		const { flags: options } = await this.parse(EnvsCmd);
+
 		const variables: EnvironmentVariableInfo[] = [];
 
 		await Command.checkLoggedIn();
 
-		if (!options.application && !options.device) {
-			throw new ExpectedError('You must specify an application or device');
+		if (!options.fleet && !options.device) {
+			throw new ExpectedError('Missing --fleet or --device option');
 		}
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 
-		let appNameOrSlug = options.application;
+		let fleetSlug: string | undefined = options.fleet
+			? await (
+					await import('../../utils/sdk')
+			  ).getFleetSlug(balena, options.fleet)
+			: undefined;
 		let fullUUID: string | undefined; // as oppposed to the short, 7-char UUID
 
 		if (options.device) {
-			const { getDeviceAndMaybeAppFromUUID } = await import('../utils/cloud');
+			const { getDeviceAndMaybeAppFromUUID } = await import(
+				'../../utils/cloud'
+			);
 			const [device, app] = await getDeviceAndMaybeAppFromUUID(
 				balena,
 				options.device,
 				['uuid'],
-				['app_name'],
+				['slug'],
 			);
 			fullUUID = device.uuid;
 			if (app) {
-				appNameOrSlug = app.app_name;
+				fleetSlug = app.slug;
 			}
 		}
-		if (appNameOrSlug && options.service) {
-			await validateServiceName(balena, options.service, appNameOrSlug);
+		if (fleetSlug && options.service) {
+			await validateServiceName(balena, options.service, fleetSlug);
 		}
-		variables.push(...(await getAppVars(balena, appNameOrSlug, options)));
+		variables.push(...(await getAppVars(balena, fleetSlug, options)));
 		if (fullUUID) {
 			variables.push(
-				...(await getDeviceVars(balena, fullUUID, appNameOrSlug, options)),
+				...(await getDeviceVars(balena, fullUUID, fleetSlug, options)),
 			);
 		}
 		if (!options.json && variables.length === 0) {
 			const target =
 				(options.service ? `service "${options.service}" of ` : '') +
-				(options.application
-					? `application "${options.application}"`
+				(options.fleet
+					? `fleet "${options.fleet}"`
 					: `device "${options.device}"`);
 			throw new ExpectedError(`No environment variables found for ${target}`);
 		}
@@ -186,15 +170,14 @@ export default class EnvsCmd extends Command {
 		varArray: EnvironmentVariableInfo[],
 		options: FlagsDef,
 	) {
-		const fields = ['id', 'name', 'value'];
+		const fields = ['id', 'name', 'value', 'fleet'];
 
 		// Replace undefined app names with 'N/A' or null
 		varArray = varArray.map((i: EnvironmentVariableInfo) => {
-			i.appName = i.appName || (options.json ? null : 'N/A');
+			i.fleet ||= options.json ? null : 'N/A';
 			return i;
 		});
 
-		fields.push(options.json ? 'appName' : 'appName => APPLICATION');
 		if (options.device) {
 			fields.push(options.json ? 'deviceUUID' : 'deviceUUID => DEVICE');
 		}
@@ -203,9 +186,9 @@ export default class EnvsCmd extends Command {
 		}
 
 		if (options.json) {
-			this.log(
-				stringifyVarArray<SDK.EnvironmentVariableBase>(varArray, fields),
-			);
+			const { pickAndRename } = await import('../../utils/helpers');
+			const mapped = varArray.map((o) => pickAndRename(o, fields));
+			this.log(JSON.stringify(mapped, null, 4));
 		} else {
 			this.log(
 				getVisuals().table.horizontal(
@@ -220,14 +203,15 @@ export default class EnvsCmd extends Command {
 async function validateServiceName(
 	sdk: SDK.BalenaSDK,
 	serviceName: string,
-	appName: string,
+	fleetSlug: string,
 ) {
-	const services = await sdk.models.service.getAllByApplication(appName, {
+	const services = await sdk.models.service.getAllByApplication(fleetSlug, {
+		$select: 'id',
 		$filter: { service_name: serviceName },
 	});
 	if (services.length === 0) {
 		throw new ExpectedError(
-			`Service "${serviceName}" not found for application "${appName}"`,
+			`Service "${serviceName}" not found for fleet "${fleetSlug}"`,
 		);
 	}
 }
@@ -241,17 +225,18 @@ async function validateServiceName(
  */
 async function getAppVars(
 	sdk: SDK.BalenaSDK,
-	appNameOrSlug: string | undefined,
+	fleetSlug: string | undefined,
 	options: FlagsDef,
 ): Promise<EnvironmentVariableInfo[]> {
 	const appVars: EnvironmentVariableInfo[] = [];
-	if (!appNameOrSlug) {
+	if (!fleetSlug) {
 		return appVars;
 	}
-	const vars = await sdk.models.application[
-		options.config ? 'configVar' : 'envVar'
-	].getAllByApplication(appNameOrSlug);
-	fillInInfoFields(vars, appNameOrSlug);
+	const vars =
+		await sdk.models.application[
+			options.config ? 'configVar' : 'envVar'
+		].getAllByApplication(fleetSlug);
+	fillInInfoFields(vars, fleetSlug);
 	appVars.push(...vars);
 	if (!options.config) {
 		const pineOpts: SDK.PineOptions<SDK.ServiceEnvironmentVariable> = {
@@ -267,10 +252,10 @@ async function getAppVars(
 			};
 		}
 		const serviceVars = await sdk.models.service.var.getAllByApplication(
-			appNameOrSlug,
+			fleetSlug,
 			pineOpts,
 		);
-		fillInInfoFields(serviceVars, appNameOrSlug);
+		fillInInfoFields(serviceVars, fleetSlug);
 		appVars.push(...serviceVars);
 	}
 	return appVars;
@@ -283,16 +268,15 @@ async function getAppVars(
 async function getDeviceVars(
 	sdk: SDK.BalenaSDK,
 	fullUUID: string,
-	appNameOrSlug: string | undefined,
+	fleetSlug: string | undefined,
 	options: FlagsDef,
 ): Promise<EnvironmentVariableInfo[]> {
 	const printedUUID = options.json ? fullUUID : options.device!;
 	const deviceVars: EnvironmentVariableInfo[] = [];
 	if (options.config) {
-		const deviceConfigVars = await sdk.models.device.configVar.getAllByDevice(
-			fullUUID,
-		);
-		fillInInfoFields(deviceConfigVars, appNameOrSlug, printedUUID);
+		const deviceConfigVars =
+			await sdk.models.device.configVar.getAllByDevice(fullUUID);
+		fillInInfoFields(deviceConfigVars, fleetSlug, printedUUID);
 		deviceVars.push(...deviceConfigVars);
 	} else {
 		const pineOpts: SDK.PineOptions<SDK.DeviceServiceEnvironmentVariable> = {
@@ -313,13 +297,12 @@ async function getDeviceVars(
 			fullUUID,
 			pineOpts,
 		);
-		fillInInfoFields(deviceServiceVars, appNameOrSlug, printedUUID);
+		fillInInfoFields(deviceServiceVars, fleetSlug, printedUUID);
 		deviceVars.push(...deviceServiceVars);
 
-		const deviceEnvVars = await sdk.models.device.envVar.getAllByDevice(
-			fullUUID,
-		);
-		fillInInfoFields(deviceEnvVars, appNameOrSlug, printedUUID);
+		const deviceEnvVars =
+			await sdk.models.device.envVar.getAllByDevice(fullUUID);
+		fillInInfoFields(deviceEnvVars, fleetSlug, printedUUID);
 		deviceVars.push(...deviceEnvVars);
 	}
 	return deviceVars;
@@ -335,7 +318,7 @@ function fillInInfoFields(
 		| EnvironmentVariableInfo[]
 		| DeviceServiceEnvironmentVariableInfo[]
 		| ServiceEnvironmentVariableInfo[],
-	appNameOrSlug?: string,
+	fleetSlug?: string,
 	deviceUUID?: string,
 ) {
 	for (const envVar of varArray) {
@@ -344,33 +327,13 @@ function fillInInfoFields(
 			envVar.serviceName = (envVar.service as SDK.Service[])[0]?.service_name;
 		} else if ('service_install' in envVar) {
 			// envVar is of type DeviceServiceEnvironmentVariableInfo
-			envVar.serviceName = ((envVar.service_install as SDK.ServiceInstall[])[0]
-				?.installs__service as SDK.Service[])[0]?.service_name;
+			envVar.serviceName = (
+				(envVar.service_install as SDK.ServiceInstall[])[0]
+					?.installs__service as SDK.Service[]
+			)[0]?.service_name;
 		}
-		envVar.appName = appNameOrSlug;
+		envVar.fleet = fleetSlug;
 		envVar.serviceName = envVar.serviceName || '*';
 		envVar.deviceUUID = deviceUUID || '*';
 	}
 }
-
-/**
- * Transform each object (item) of varArray to preserve only the
- * fields (keys) listed in the fields argument.
- */
-function stringifyVarArray<T = Dictionary<any>>(
-	varArray: T[],
-	fields: string[],
-): string {
-	const transformed = varArray.map((o: Dictionary<any>) =>
-		_.transform(
-			o,
-			(result, value, key) => {
-				if (fields.includes(key)) {
-					result[key] = value;
-				}
-			},
-			{} as Dictionary<any>,
-		),
-	);
-	return JSON.stringify(transformed, null, 4);
-}

lib/commands/fleet/create.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2021 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Flags, Args } from '@oclif/core';
+
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+
+export default class FleetCreateCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Create a fleet.
+
+		Create a new balena fleet.
+
+		You can specify the organization the fleet should belong to using
+		the \`--organization\` option. The organization's handle, not its name,
+		should be provided. Organization handles can be listed with the
+		\`balena orgs\` command.
+
+		The fleet's default device type is specified with the \`--type\` option.
+		The \`balena devices supported\` command can be used to list the available
+		device types.
+
+		Interactive dropdowns will be shown for selection if no device type or
+		organization is specified and there are multiple options to choose from.
+		If there is a single option to choose from, it will be chosen automatically.
+		This interactive behavior can be disabled by explicitly specifying a device
+		type and organization.
+	`;
+
+	public static examples = [
+		'$ balena fleet create MyFleet',
+		'$ balena fleet create MyFleet --organization mmyorg',
+		'$ balena fleet create MyFleet -o myorg --type raspberry-pi',
+	];
+
+	public static args = {
+		name: Args.string({
+			description: 'fleet name',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+	};
+
+	public static usage = 'fleet create <name>';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		organization: Flags.string({
+			char: 'o',
+			description: 'handle of the organization the fleet should belong to',
+		}),
+		type: Flags.string({
+			char: 't',
+			description:
+				'fleet device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`)',
+		}),
+		help: cf.help,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(FleetCreateCmd);
+
+		await (
+			await import('../../utils/application-create')
+		).applicationCreateBase('fleet', options, params);
+	}
+}

lib/commands/fleet/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2021 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Flags } from '@oclif/core';
+
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import * as ca from '../../utils/common-args';
+import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
+
+export default class FleetCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Display information about a single fleet.
+
+		Display detailed information about a single fleet.
+
+		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
+`;
+	public static examples = [
+		'$ balena fleet MyFleet',
+		'$ balena fleet myorg/myfleet',
+		'$ balena fleet myorg/myfleet --view',
+	];
+
+	public static args = {
+		fleet: ca.fleetRequired,
+	};
+
+	public static usage = 'fleet <fleet>';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		help: cf.help,
+		view: Flags.boolean({
+			default: false,
+			description: 'open fleet dashboard page',
+		}),
+		...cf.dataOutputFlags,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+	public static primary = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(FleetCmd);
+
+		const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
+
+		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
+
+		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.fleet, {
+			$expand: {
+				is_for__device_type: { $select: 'slug' },
+				should_be_running__release: { $select: 'commit' },
+			},
+		});
+
+		if (options.view) {
+			const open = await import('open');
+			const dashboardUrl = balena.models.application.getDashboardUrl(
+				application.id,
+			);
+			await open(dashboardUrl, { wait: false });
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const outputApplication = {
+			...application,
+			device_type: application.is_for__device_type[0].slug,
+			commit: application.should_be_running__release[0]?.commit,
+		};
+
+		await this.outputData(
+			outputApplication,
+			['app_name', 'id', 'device_type', 'slug', 'commit'],
+			options,
+		);
+	}
+}

lib/commands/fleet/pin.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+import { getExpandedProp } from '../../utils/pine';
+
+export default class FleetPinCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Pin a fleet to a release.
+
+		Pin a fleet to a release.
+
+		Note, if the commit is omitted, the currently pinned release will be printed, with instructions for how to see a list of releases
+		`;
+	public static examples = [
+		'$ balena fleet pin myfleet',
+		'$ balena fleet pin myorg/myfleet 91165e5',
+	];
+
+	public static args = {
+		slug: Args.string({
+			description: 'the slug of the fleet to pin to a release',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+		releaseToPinTo: Args.string({
+			description: 'the commit of the release for the fleet to get pinned to',
+		}),
+	};
+
+	public static usage = 'fleet pin <slug> [releaseToPinTo]';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		help: cf.help,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(FleetPinCmd);
+
+		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
+
+		const fleet = await balena.models.application.get(params.slug, {
+			$expand: {
+				should_be_running__release: {
+					$select: 'commit',
+				},
+			},
+		});
+
+		const pinnedRelease = getExpandedProp(
+			fleet.should_be_running__release,
+			'commit',
+		);
+
+		const releaseToPinTo = params.releaseToPinTo;
+		const slug = params.slug;
+
+		if (!releaseToPinTo) {
+			console.log(
+				`${
+					pinnedRelease
+						? `This fleet is currently pinned to ${pinnedRelease}.`
+						: 'This fleet is not currently pinned to any release.'
+				} \n\nTo see a list of all releases this fleet can be pinned to, run \`balena releases ${slug}\`.`,
+			);
+		} else {
+			await balena.models.application.pinToRelease(slug, releaseToPinTo);
+		}
+	}
+}

lib/commands/fleet/purge.ts

@@ -15,48 +15,41 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import * as ca from '../../utils/common-args';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	application: string;
-}
-
-export default class AppPurgeCmd extends Command {
+export default class FleetPurgeCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Purge data from an application.
+		Purge data from a fleet.
 
-		Purge data from all devices belonging to an application.
-		This will clear the application's /data directory.
+		Purge data from all devices belonging to a fleet.
+		This will clear the fleet's '/data' directory.
 
 		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena app purge MyApp',
-		'$ balena app purge myorg/myapp',
+		'$ balena fleet purge MyFleet',
+		'$ balena fleet purge myorg/myfleet',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [ca.applicationRequired];
+	public static args = {
+		fleet: ca.fleetRequired,
+	};
 
-	public static usage = 'app purge <application>';
+	public static usage = 'fleet purge <fleet>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(AppPurgeCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(FleetPurgeCmd);
 
 		const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
 
@@ -64,7 +57,9 @@ export default class AppPurgeCmd extends Command {
 
 		// balena.models.application.purge only accepts a numeric id
 		// so we must first fetch the app to get it's id,
-		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.application);
+		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.fleet, {
+			$select: 'id',
+		});
 
 		try {
 			await balena.models.application.purge(application.id);

lib/commands/fleet/rename.ts

@@ -15,28 +15,19 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
+
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import * as ca from '../../utils/common-args';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent, getCliForm } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
-import type { ApplicationType } from 'balena-sdk';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	application: string;
-	newName?: string;
-}
-
-export default class AppRenameCmd extends Command {
+export default class FleetRenameCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Rename an application.
+		Rename a fleet.
 
-		Rename an application.
+		Rename a fleet.
 
 		Note, if the \`newName\` parameter is omitted, it will be
 		prompted for interactively.
@@ -45,29 +36,28 @@ export default class AppRenameCmd extends Command {
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena app rename OldName',
-		'$ balena app rename OldName NewName',
-		'$ balena app rename myorg/oldname NewName',
+		'$ balena fleet rename OldName',
+		'$ balena fleet rename OldName NewName',
+		'$ balena fleet rename myorg/oldname NewName',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [
-		ca.applicationRequired,
-		{
-			name: 'newName',
-			description: 'the new name for the application',
-		},
-	];
+	public static args = {
+		fleet: ca.fleetRequired,
+		newName: Args.string({
+			description: 'the new name for the fleet',
+		}),
+	};
 
-	public static usage = 'app rename <application> [newName]';
+	public static usage = 'fleet rename <fleet> [newName]';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(AppRenameCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(FleetRenameCmd);
 
 		const { validateApplicationName } = await import('../../utils/validation');
 		const { ExpectedError } = await import('../../errors');
@@ -76,26 +66,25 @@ export default class AppRenameCmd extends Command {
 
 		// Disambiguate target application (if params.params is a number, it could either be an ID or a numerical name)
 		const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
-		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.application, {
+		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.fleet, {
+			$select: ['id', 'app_name', 'slug'],
 			$expand: {
 				application_type: {
-					$select: ['is_legacy'],
+					$select: 'slug',
 				},
 			},
 		});
 
 		// Check app exists
 		if (!application) {
-			throw new ExpectedError(
-				'Error: application ${params.nameOrSlug} not found.',
-			);
+			throw new ExpectedError(`Error: fleet ${params.fleet} not found.`);
 		}
 
 		// Check app supports renaming
-		const appType = (application.application_type as ApplicationType[])?.[0];
-		if (appType.is_legacy) {
+		const appType = application.application_type[0];
+		if (appType.slug === 'legacy-v1' || appType.slug === 'legacy-v2') {
 			throw new ExpectedError(
-				`Application ${params.application} is of 'legacy' type, and cannot be renamed.`,
+				`Fleet ${params.fleet} is of 'legacy' type, and cannot be renamed.`,
 			);
 		}
 
@@ -103,32 +92,43 @@ export default class AppRenameCmd extends Command {
 		const newName =
 			params.newName ||
 			(await getCliForm().ask({
-				message: 'Please enter the new name for this application:',
+				message: 'Please enter the new name for this fleet:',
 				type: 'input',
 				validate: validateApplicationName,
 			})) ||
 			'';
 
+		// Check they haven't used slug in new name
+		if (newName.includes('/')) {
+			throw new ExpectedError(
+				`New fleet name cannot include '/', please check that you are not specifying fleet slug.`,
+			);
+		}
+
 		// Rename
 		try {
 			await balena.models.application.rename(application.id, newName);
 		} catch (e) {
 			// BalenaRequestError: Request error: "organization" and "app_name" must be unique.
 			if ((e.message || '').toLowerCase().includes('unique')) {
+				throw new ExpectedError(`Error: fleet ${newName} already exists.`);
+			}
+			// BalenaRequestError: Request error: App name may only contain [a-zA-Z0-9_-].
+			if ((e.message || '').toLowerCase().includes('name may only contain')) {
 				throw new ExpectedError(
-					`Error: application ${params.application} already exists.`,
+					`Error: new fleet name may only include characters [a-zA-Z0-9_-].`,
 				);
 			}
 			throw e;
 		}
 
 		// Get application again, to be sure of results
-		const renamedApplication = await balena.models.application.get(
-			application.id,
-		);
+		const renamedApplication = await getApplication(balena, application.id, {
+			$select: ['app_name', 'slug'],
+		});
 
 		// Output result
-		console.log(`Application renamed`);
+		console.log(`Fleet renamed`);
 		console.log('From:');
 		console.log(`\tname: ${application.app_name}`);
 		console.log(`\tslug: ${application.slug}`);

lib/commands/fleet/restart.ts

@@ -15,55 +15,50 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import * as ca from '../../utils/common-args';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	application: string;
-}
-
-export default class AppRestartCmd extends Command {
+export default class FleetRestartCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Restart an application.
+		Restart a fleet.
 
-		Restart all devices belonging to an application.
+		Restart all devices belonging to a fleet.
 
 		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena app restart MyApp',
-		'$ balena app restart myorg/myapp',
+		'$ balena fleet restart MyFleet',
+		'$ balena fleet restart myorg/myfleet',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [ca.applicationRequired];
+	public static args = {
+		fleet: ca.fleetRequired,
+	};
 
-	public static usage = 'app restart <application>';
+	public static usage = 'fleet restart <fleet>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(AppRestartCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(FleetRestartCmd);
 
 		const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 
-		// Disambiguate application (if is a number, it could either be an ID or a numerical name)
-		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.application);
+		// Disambiguate application
+		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.fleet, {
+			$select: 'slug',
+		});
 
-		await balena.models.application.restart(application.id);
+		await balena.models.application.restart(application.slug);
 	}
 }

lib/commands/fleet/rm.ts

@@ -15,27 +15,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import * as ca from '../../utils/common-args';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	yes: boolean;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	application: string;
-}
-
-export default class AppRmCmd extends Command {
+export default class FleetRmCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Remove an application.
+		Remove a fleet.
 
-		Permanently remove a balena application.
+		Permanently remove a fleet.
 
 		The --yes option may be used to avoid interactive confirmation.
 
@@ -43,16 +33,18 @@ export default class AppRmCmd extends Command {
 	`;
 
 	public static examples = [
-		'$ balena app rm MyApp',
-		'$ balena app rm MyApp --yes',
-		'$ balena app rm myorg/myapp',
+		'$ balena fleet rm MyFleet',
+		'$ balena fleet rm MyFleet --yes',
+		'$ balena fleet rm myorg/myfleet',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [ca.applicationRequired];
+	public static args = {
+		fleet: ca.fleetRequired,
+	};
 
-	public static usage = 'app rm <application>';
+	public static usage = 'fleet rm <fleet>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		yes: cf.yes,
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
@@ -60,9 +52,7 @@ export default class AppRmCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			AppRmCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(FleetRmCmd);
 
 		const { confirm } = await import('../../utils/patterns');
 		const { getApplication } = await import('../../utils/sdk');
@@ -71,13 +61,15 @@ export default class AppRmCmd extends Command {
 		// Confirm
 		await confirm(
 			options.yes ?? false,
-			`Are you sure you want to delete application ${params.application}?`,
+			`Are you sure you want to delete fleet ${params.fleet}?`,
 		);
 
 		// Disambiguate application (if is a number, it could either be an ID or a numerical name)
-		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.application);
+		const application = await getApplication(balena, params.fleet, {
+			$select: 'slug',
+		});
 
 		// Remove
-		await balena.models.application.remove(application.id);
+		await balena.models.application.remove(application.slug);
 	}
 }

lib/commands/fleet/track-latest.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+
+export default class FleetTrackLatestCmd extends Command {
+	public static description = stripIndent`
+		Make this fleet track the latest release.
+
+		Make this fleet track the latest release.
+		`;
+	public static examples = [
+		'$ balena fleet track-latest myorg/myfleet',
+		'$ balena fleet track-latest myfleet',
+	];
+
+	public static args = {
+		slug: Args.string({
+			description: 'the slug of the fleet to make track the latest release',
+			required: true,
+		}),
+	};
+
+	public static usage = 'fleet track-latest <slug>';
+
+	public static flags = {
+		help: cf.help,
+	};
+
+	public static authenticated = true;
+
+	public async run() {
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(FleetTrackLatestCmd);
+
+		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
+
+		await balena.models.application.trackLatestRelease(params.slug);
+	}
+}

lib/commands/fleets/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2016-2020 Balena Ltd.
+ * Copyright 2016-2021 Balena Ltd.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,82 +15,79 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import Command from '../command';
-import * as cf from '../utils/common-flags';
-import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../utils/lazy';
+import type * as BalenaSdk from 'balena-sdk';
 
-interface ExtendedApplication extends ApplicationWithDeviceType {
-	device_count?: number;
-	online_devices?: number;
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+
+interface ExtendedApplication extends ApplicationWithDeviceTypeSlug {
+	device_count: number;
+	online_devices: number;
+	device_type?: string;
 }
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-	verbose: boolean;
-}
-
-export default class AppsCmd extends Command {
+export default class FleetsCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		List all applications.
+		List all fleets.
 
-		list all your balena applications.
+		List all your balena fleets.
 
-		For detailed information on a particular application,
-		use \`balena app <application>\` instead.
+		For detailed information on a particular fleet, use
+		\`balena fleet <fleet>\`
 	`;
 
-	public static examples = ['$ balena apps'];
+	public static examples = ['$ balena fleets'];
 
-	public static usage = 'apps';
+	public static usage = 'fleets';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
+		...cf.dataSetOutputFlags,
 		help: cf.help,
-		verbose: flags.boolean({
-			default: false,
-			char: 'v',
-			description: 'No-op since release v12.0.0',
-		}),
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 	public static primary = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		this.parse<FlagsDef, {}>(AppsCmd);
+		const { flags: options } = await this.parse(FleetsCmd);
 
 		const balena = getBalenaSdk();
 
-		// Get applications
-		const applications = (await balena.models.application.getAll({
+		const pineOptions = {
 			$select: ['id', 'app_name', 'slug'],
 			$expand: {
 				is_for__device_type: { $select: 'slug' },
 				owns__device: { $select: 'is_online' },
 			},
-		})) as ExtendedApplication[];
+		} satisfies BalenaSdk.PineOptions<BalenaSdk.Application>;
+		// Get applications
+		const applications =
+			(await balena.models.application.getAllDirectlyAccessible(
+				pineOptions,
+			)) as Array<
+				BalenaSdk.PineTypedResult<BalenaSdk.Application, typeof pineOptions>
+			> as ExtendedApplication[];
 
-		const _ = await import('lodash');
 		// Add extended properties
 		applications.forEach((application) => {
 			application.device_count = application.owns__device?.length ?? 0;
-			application.online_devices = _.sumBy(application.owns__device, (d) =>
-				d.is_online === true ? 1 : 0,
-			);
-			// @ts-expect-error
+			application.online_devices =
+				application.owns__device?.filter((d) => d.is_online).length || 0;
 			application.device_type = application.is_for__device_type[0].slug;
 		});
 
-		// Display
-		console.log(
-			getVisuals().table.horizontal(applications, [
+		await this.outputData(
+			applications,
+			[
 				'id',
 				'app_name',
 				'slug',
 				'device_type',
-				'online_devices',
 				'device_count',
-			]),
+				'online_devices',
+			],
+			options,
 		);
 	}
 }

lib/commands/internal/osinit.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import { stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { CommandHelp } from '../../utils/oclif-utils';
@@ -27,12 +28,6 @@ import { CommandHelp } from '../../utils/oclif-utils';
 //    - https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/pull/1455#discussion_r334308357
 //    - https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/pull/1455#discussion_r334308526
 
-interface ArgsDef {
-	image: string;
-	type: string;
-	config: string;
-}
-
 export default class OsinitCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Do actual init of the device with the preconfigured os image.
@@ -41,20 +36,17 @@ export default class OsinitCmd extends Command {
 		Use \`balena os initialize <image>\` instead.
 	`;
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'image',
+	public static args = {
+		image: Args.string({
 			required: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: 'type',
+		}),
+		type: Args.string({
 			required: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: 'config',
+		}),
+		config: Args.string({
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = (
 		'internal osinit ' +
@@ -63,9 +55,10 @@ export default class OsinitCmd extends Command {
 
 	public static hidden = true;
 	public static root = true;
+	public static offlineCompatible = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<{}, ArgsDef>(OsinitCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(OsinitCmd);
 
 		const config = JSON.parse(params.config);
 

lib/commands/join/index.ts

@@ -15,41 +15,31 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import Command from '../command';
-import * as cf from '../utils/common-flags';
-import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../utils/lazy';
-import { applicationIdInfo } from '../utils/messages';
-import { parseAsLocalHostnameOrIp } from '../utils/validation';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	application?: string;
-	pollInterval?: number;
-	help?: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	deviceIpOrHostname?: string;
-}
+import { Args, Flags } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+import { applicationIdInfo } from '../../utils/messages';
+import { parseAsLocalHostnameOrIp } from '../../utils/validation';
 
 export default class JoinCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Move a local device to an application on another balena server.
+		Move a local device to a fleet on another balena server.
 
-		Move a local device to an application on another balena server, causing
+		Move a local device to a fleet on another balena server, causing
 		the device to "join" the new server. The device must be running balenaOS.
 
 		For example, you could provision a device against an openBalena installation
 		where you perform end-to-end tests and then move it to balenaCloud when it's
 		ready for production.
 
-		To move a device between applications on the same server, use the
+		To move a device between fleets on the same server, use the
 		\`balena device move\` command instead of \`balena join\`.
 
 		If you don't specify a device hostname or IP, this command will automatically
 		scan the local network for balenaOS devices and prompt you to select one
 		from an interactive picker. This may require administrator/root privileges.
-		Likewise, if the application flag is not provided then a picker will be shown.
+		Likewise, if the fleet option is not provided then a picker will be shown.
 
 		${applicationIdInfo.split('\n').join('\n\t\t')}
 	`;
@@ -57,26 +47,25 @@ export default class JoinCmd extends Command {
 	public static examples = [
 		'$ balena join',
 		'$ balena join balena.local',
-		'$ balena join balena.local --application MyApp',
-		'$ balena join balena.local -a myorg/myapp',
+		'$ balena join balena.local --fleet MyFleet',
+		'$ balena join balena.local -f myorg/myfleet',
 		'$ balena join 192.168.1.25',
-		'$ balena join 192.168.1.25 --application MyApp',
+		'$ balena join 192.168.1.25 --fleet MyFleet',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'deviceIpOrHostname',
+	public static args = {
+		deviceIpOrHostname: Args.string({
 			description: 'the IP or hostname of device',
 			parse: parseAsLocalHostnameOrIp,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	// Hardcoded to preserve camelcase
 	public static usage = 'join [deviceIpOrHostname]';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
-		application: cf.application,
-		pollInterval: flags.integer({
+	public static flags = {
+		fleet: cf.fleet,
+		pollInterval: Flags.integer({
 			description: 'the interval in minutes to check for updates',
 			char: 'i',
 		}),
@@ -87,18 +76,16 @@ export default class JoinCmd extends Command {
 	public static primary = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			JoinCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(JoinCmd);
 
-		const promote = await import('../utils/promote');
+		const promote = await import('../../utils/promote');
 		const sdk = getBalenaSdk();
 		const logger = await Command.getLogger();
 		return promote.join(
 			logger,
 			sdk,
 			params.deviceIpOrHostname,
-			options.application,
+			options.fleet,
 			options.pollInterval,
 		);
 	}

lib/commands/key/add.ts

@@ -15,21 +15,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import { ExpectedError } from '../../errors';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	name: string;
-	path: string;
-}
-
 export default class KeyAddCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Add an SSH key to balenaCloud.
@@ -60,21 +51,19 @@ export default class KeyAddCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena key add Main %userprofile%.sshid_rsa.pub',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'name',
+	public static args = {
+		name: Args.string({
 			description: 'the SSH key name',
 			required: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: `path`,
+		}),
+		path: Args.string({
 			description: `the path to the public key file`,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'key add <name> [path]';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
@@ -83,7 +72,7 @@ export default class KeyAddCmd extends Command {
 	public static readStdin = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(KeyAddCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(KeyAddCmd);
 
 		let key: string;
 		if (params.path != null) {

lib/commands/key/index.ts

@@ -15,22 +15,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { parseAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
 
-type IArg<T> = import('@oclif/parser').args.IArg<T>;
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	id: number;
-}
-
 export default class KeyCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Display an SSH key.
@@ -40,25 +30,24 @@ export default class KeyCmd extends Command {
 
 	public static examples = ['$ balena key 17'];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'id',
+	public static args = {
+		id: Args.integer({
 			description: 'balenaCloud ID for the SSH key',
-			parse: (x) => parseAsInteger(x, 'id'),
+			parse: async (x) => parseAsInteger(x, 'id'),
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'key <id>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<{}, ArgsDef>(KeyCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(KeyCmd);
 
 		const key = await getBalenaSdk().models.key.get(params.id);
 

lib/commands/key/rm.ts

@@ -15,23 +15,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
 import Command from '../../command';
 import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
 import { getBalenaSdk, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 import { parseAsInteger } from '../../utils/validation';
 
-type IArg<T> = import('@oclif/parser').args.IArg<T>;
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	yes: boolean;
-	help: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	id: number;
-}
-
 export default class KeyRmCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
 		Remove an SSH key from balenaCloud.
@@ -43,18 +32,17 @@ export default class KeyRmCmd extends Command {
 
 	public static examples = ['$ balena key rm 17', '$ balena key rm 17 --yes'];
 
-	public static args: Array<IArg<any>> = [
-		{
-			name: 'id',
+	public static args = {
+		id: Args.integer({
 			description: 'balenaCloud ID for the SSH key',
-			parse: (x) => parseAsInteger(x, 'id'),
+			parse: async (x) => parseAsInteger(x, 'id'),
 			required: true,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'key rm <id>';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		yes: cf.yes,
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
@@ -62,9 +50,7 @@ export default class KeyRmCmd extends Command {
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params, flags: options } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(
-			KeyRmCmd,
-		);
+		const { args: params, flags: options } = await this.parse(KeyRmCmd);
 
 		const patterns = await import('../../utils/patterns');
 

lib/commands/keys/index.ts

@@ -15,14 +15,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import Command from '../command';
-import * as cf from '../utils/common-flags';
-import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../utils/lazy';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help: void;
-}
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { getBalenaSdk, getVisuals, stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
 
 export default class KeysCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
@@ -34,14 +29,14 @@ export default class KeysCmd extends Command {
 
 	public static usage = 'keys';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
 	public static authenticated = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		this.parse<FlagsDef, {}>(KeysCmd);
+		await this.parse(KeysCmd);
 
 		const keys = await getBalenaSdk().models.key.getAll();
 

lib/commands/leave/index.ts

@@ -15,25 +15,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import { flags } from '@oclif/command';
-import Command from '../command';
-import * as cf from '../utils/common-flags';
-import { stripIndent } from '../utils/lazy';
-import { parseAsLocalHostnameOrIp } from '../utils/validation';
-
-interface FlagsDef {
-	help?: void;
-}
-
-interface ArgsDef {
-	deviceIpOrHostname?: string;
-}
+import { Args } from '@oclif/core';
+import Command from '../../command';
+import * as cf from '../../utils/common-flags';
+import { stripIndent } from '../../utils/lazy';
+import { parseAsLocalHostnameOrIp } from '../../utils/validation';
 
 export default class LeaveCmd extends Command {
 	public static description = stripIndent`
-		Remove a local device from its balena application.
+		Remove a local device from its balena fleet.
 
-		Remove a local device from its balena application, causing the device to
+		Remove a local device from its balena fleet, causing the device to
 		"leave" the server it is provisioned on. This effectively makes the device
 		"unmanaged". The device must be running balenaOS.
 
@@ -51,17 +43,16 @@ export default class LeaveCmd extends Command {
 		'$ balena leave 192.168.1.25',
 	];
 
-	public static args = [
-		{
-			name: 'deviceIpOrHostname',
+	public static args = {
+		deviceIpOrHostname: Args.string({
 			description: 'the device IP or hostname',
 			parse: parseAsLocalHostnameOrIp,
-		},
-	];
+		}),
+	};
 
 	public static usage = 'leave [deviceIpOrHostname]';
 
-	public static flags: flags.Input<FlagsDef> = {
+	public static flags = {
 		help: cf.help,
 	};
 
@@ -69,9 +60,9 @@ export default class LeaveCmd extends Command {
 	public static primary = true;
 
 	public async run() {
-		const { args: params } = this.parse<FlagsDef, ArgsDef>(LeaveCmd);
+		const { args: params } = await this.parse(LeaveCmd);
 
-		const promote = await import('../utils/promote');
+		const promote = await import('../../utils/promote');
 		const logger = await Command.getLogger();
 		return promote.leave(logger, params.deviceIpOrHostname);
 	}