feat(apisix): add Cloudron package

- Implements Apache APISIX packaging for Cloudron platform. - Includes Dockerfile, CloudronManifest.json, and start.sh. - Configured to use Cloudron's etcd addon. 🤖 Generated with Gemini CLI Co-Authored-By: Gemini <noreply@google.com>
2025-09-04 09:42:47 -05:00
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+---
+title: HTTP3 协议
+---
+
+<!--
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+-->
+
+[HTTP/3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/3) 是 Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP) 的第三个主要版本。与依赖 TCP 的前辈不同，HTTP/3 基于 [QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QUIC)。它带来了多项好处，减少了延迟并提高了性能：
+
+* 实现不同网络连接之间的无缝过渡，例如从 Wi-Fi 切换到移动数据。
+* 消除队头阻塞，以便丢失的数据包不会阻塞所有流。
+* 在 TLS 握手的同时协商 TLS 版本，从而实现更快的连接。
+* 默认提供加密，确保通过 HTTP/3 连接传输的所有数据都受到保护和保密。
+* 在与客户端已建立连接的服务器通信时提供零往返时间 (0-RTT)。
+
+APISIX 目前支持下游客户端和 APISIX 之间的 HTTP/3 连接。尚不支持与上游服务的 HTTP/3 连接。欢迎社区贡献。
+
+:::caution
+
+此功能尚未经过大规模测试，因此不建议用于生产使用。
+
+:::
+
+本文档将向您展示如何配置 APISIX 以在客户端和 APISIX 之间启用 HTTP/3 连接，并记录一些已知问题。
+
+## 使用示例
+
+### 启用 HTTP/3
+
+将以下配置添加到 APISIX 的配置文件。该配置将在端口 `9443`（或其他端口）上启用 HTTP/3：
+
+```yaml title="config.yaml"
+apisix:
+  ssl:
+    listen:
+      - port: 9443
+        enable_http3: true
+    ssl_protocols: TLSv1.3
+```
+
+:::info
+
+如果您使用 Docker 部署 APISIX，请确保在 HTTP3 端口中允许 UDP，例如 `-p 9443:9443/udp`。
+
+:::
+
+然后重新加载 APISIX 以使配置更改生效：
+
+```shell
+apisix reload
+```
+
+### 生成证书和密钥
+
+HTTP/3 需要 TLS。您可以利用购买的证书或自行生成证书。
+
+如自行生成，首先生成证书颁发机构 (CA) 密钥和证书：
+
+```shell
+openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048 && \
+  openssl req -new -sha256 -key ca.key -out ca.csr -subj "/CN=ROOTCA" && \
+  openssl x509 -req -days 36500 -sha256 -extensions v3_ca -signkey ca.key -in ca.csr -out ca.crt
+```
+
+接下来，生成具有 APISIX 通用名称的密钥和证书，并使用 CA 证书进行签名：
+
+```shell
+openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048 && \
+  openssl req -new -sha256 -key server.key -out server.csr -subj "/CN=test.com" && \
+  openssl x509 -req -days 36500 -sha256 -extensions v3_req \
+  -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAserial ca.srl -CAcreateserial \
+  -in server.csr -out server.crt
+```
+
+### 配置 HTTPS
+
+可选择性地将存储在 `server.crt` 和 `server.key` 中的内容加载到环境变量中：
+
+```shell
+server_cert=$(cat server.crt)
+server_key=$(cat server.key)
+```
+
+创建一个保存服务器证书及其密钥的 SSL 对象：
+
+```shell
+curl -i "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/ssls" -X PUT -d '
+{
+  "id": "quickstart-tls-client-ssl",
+  "sni": "test.com",
+  "cert": "'"${server_cert}"'",
+  "key": "'"${server_key}"'"
+}'
+```
+
+### 创建路由
+
+创建一个路由至 `httpbin.org`:
+
+```shell
+curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT -d '
+{
+  "id":"httpbin-route",
+  "uri":"/get",
+  "upstream": {
+    "type":"roundrobin",
+    "nodes": {
+      "httpbin.org:80": 1
+    }
+  }
+}'
+```
+
+### 验证 HTTP/3 连接
+
+验证前需要安装支持 HTTP/3 的 curl，如 [static-curl](https://github.com/stunnel/static-curl) 或其他支持 HTTP/3 的 curl。
+
+发送一个请求到路由：
+
+```shell
+curl -kv --http3-only \
+  -H "Host: test.com" \
+  --resolve "test.com:9443:127.0.0.1" "https://test.com:9443/get"
+```
+
+应收到 `HTTP/3 200` 相应如下：
+
+```text
+* Added test.com:9443:127.0.0.1 to DNS cache
+* Hostname test.com was found in DNS cache
+*   Trying 127.0.0.1:9443...
+* QUIC cipher selection: TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256
+* Skipped certificate verification
+* Connected to test.com (127.0.0.1) port 9443
+* using HTTP/3
+* [HTTP/3] [0] OPENED stream for https://test.com:9443/get
+* [HTTP/3] [0] [:method: GET]
+* [HTTP/3] [0] [:scheme: https]
+* [HTTP/3] [0] [:authority: test.com]
+* [HTTP/3] [0] [:path: /get]
+* [HTTP/3] [0] [user-agent: curl/8.7.1]
+* [HTTP/3] [0] [accept: */*]
+> GET /get HTTP/3
+> Host: test.com
+> User-Agent: curl/8.7.1
+> Accept: */*
+>
+* Request completely sent off
+< HTTP/3 200
+...
+{
+  "args": {},
+  "headers": {
+    "Accept": "*/*",
+    "Content-Length": "0",
+    "Host": "test.com",
+    "User-Agent": "curl/8.7.1",
+    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6656013a-27da6b6a34d98e3e79baaf5b",
+    "X-Forwarded-Host": "test.com"
+  },
+  "origin": "172.19.0.1, 123.40.79.456",
+  "url": "http://test.com/get"
+}
+* Connection #0 to host test.com left intact
+```
+
+## 已知问题
+
+- 对于 APISIX-3.9, Tongsuo 相关测试用例会失败，因为 Tongsuo 不支持 QUIC TLS。
+- APISIX-3.9 基于 NGINX-1.25.3，存在 HTTP/3 漏洞（CVE-2024-24989、CVE-2024-24990）。