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This patch replaces the former prominent use of pointers by references wherever feasible. This has the following benefits: * The contract between caller and callee becomes more obvious. When passing a reference, the contract says that the argument cannot be a null pointer. The caller is responsible to ensure that. Therefore, the use of reference eliminates the need to add defensive null-pointer checks at the callee site, which sometimes merely exist to be on the safe side. The bottom line is that the code becomes easier to follow. * Reference members must be initialized via an object initializer, which promotes a programming style that avoids intermediate object- construction states. Within core, there are still a few pointers as member variables left though. E.g., caused by the late association of 'Platform_thread' objects with their 'Platform_pd' objects. * If no pointers are present as member variables, we don't need to manually provide declarations of a private copy constructor and an assignment operator to avoid -Weffc++ errors "class ... has pointer data members [-Werror=effc++]". This patch also changes a few system bindings on NOVA and Fiasco.OC, e.g., the return value of the global 'cap_map' accessor has become a reference. Hence, the patch touches a few places outside of core. Fixes #3135 |
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