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405 lines
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ReStructuredText
405 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. highlight:: kotlin
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.. raw:: html
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<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/codesets.js"></script>
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Node shell
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==========
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.. contents::
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The Corda shell is an embedded or standalone command line that allows an administrator to control and monitor a node. It is based on
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the `CRaSH`_ shell and supports many of the same features. These features include:
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* Invoking any of the node's RPC methods
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* Viewing a dashboard of threads, heap usage, VM properties
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* Uploading and downloading attachments
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* Issuing SQL queries to the underlying database
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* Viewing JMX metrics and monitoring exports
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* UNIX style pipes for both text and objects, an ``egrep`` command and a command for working with columnar data
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* Shutting the node down.
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Permissions
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-----------
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When accessing the shell (embedded, standalone, via SSH) RPC permissions are required. This is because the shell actually communicates
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with the node using RPC calls.
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* Watching flows (``flow watch``) requires ``InvokeRpc.stateMachinesFeed``
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* Starting flows requires ``InvokeRpc.startTrackedFlowDynamic``, ``InvokeRpc.registeredFlows`` and ``InvokeRpc.wellKnownPartyFromX500Name``, as well as a
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permission for the flow being started
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The shell via the local terminal
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--------------------------------
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.. note:: Local terminal shell works only in development mode!
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The shell will display in the node's terminal window. It connects to the node as 'shell' user with password 'shell'
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(which is only available in dev mode).
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It may be disabled by passing the ``--no-local-shell`` flag when running the node.
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The shell via SSH
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-----------------
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The shell is also accessible via SSH.
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Enabling SSH access
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*******************
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By default, the SSH server is *disabled*. To enable it, a port must be configured in the node's ``node.conf`` file:
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.. code:: bash
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sshd {
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port = 2222
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}
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Authentication
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**************
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Users log in to shell via SSH using the same credentials as for RPC.
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No RPC permissions are required to allow the connection and log in.
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The host key is loaded from the ``<node root directory>/sshkey/hostkey.pem`` file. If this file does not exist, it is
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generated automatically. In development mode, the seed may be specified to give the same results on the same computer
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in order to avoid host-checking errors.
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Connecting to the shell
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***********************
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Linux and MacOS
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Run the following command from the terminal:
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.. code:: bash
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ssh -p [portNumber] [host] -l [user]
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Where:
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* ``[portNumber]`` is the port number specified in the ``node.conf`` file
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* ``[host]`` is the node's host (e.g. ``localhost`` if running the node locally)
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* ``[user]`` is the RPC username
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The RPC password will be requested after a connection is established.
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.. note:: In development mode, restarting a node frequently may cause the host key to be regenerated. SSH usually saves
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trusted hosts and will refuse to connect in case of a change. This check can be disabled using the
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``-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no`` flag. This option should never be used in production environment!
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Windows
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^^^^^^^
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Windows does not provide a built-in SSH tool. An alternative such as PuTTY should be used.
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.. _standalone-shell:
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The standalone shell
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--------------------
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The standalone shell is a standalone application interacting with a Corda node via RPC calls.
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RPC node permissions are necessary for authentication and authorisation.
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Certain operations, such as starting flows, require access to CordApps jars.
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Starting the standalone shell
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*****************************
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Run the following command from the terminal:
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.. code:: bash
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corda-shell [-hvV] [--logging-level=<loggingLevel>] [--password=<password>]
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[--sshd-hostkey-directory=<sshdHostKeyDirectory>]
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[--sshd-port=<sshdPort>] [--truststore-file=<trustStoreFile>]
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[--truststore-password=<trustStorePassword>]
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[--truststore-type=<trustStoreType>] [--user=<user>] [-a=<host>]
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[-c=<cordappDirectory>] [-f=<configFile>] [-o=<commandsDirectory>]
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[-p=<port>] [COMMAND]
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Where:
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* ``--config-file=<configFile>``, ``--f`` The path to the shell configuration file, used instead of providing the rest of the command line options.
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* ``--cordapp-directory=<cordappDirectory>``, ``-c`` The path to the directory containing CorDapp jars, CorDapps are required when starting flows.
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* ``--commands-directory=<commandsDirectory>``, ``-o`` The path to the directory containing additional CRaSH shell commands.
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* ``--host``, ``-a``: The host address of the Corda node.
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* ``--port``, ``-p``: The RPC port of the Corda node.
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* ``--user=<user>``: The RPC user name.
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* ``--password=<password>`` The RPC user password. If not provided it will be prompted for on startup.
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* ``--sshd-port=<sshdPort>`` Enables SSH server for shell.
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* ``--sshd-hostkey-directory=<sshHostKeyDirectory``: The directory containing the hostkey.pem file for the SSH server.
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* ``--truststore-password=<trustStorePassword>``: The password to unlock the TrustStore file.
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* ``--truststore-file=<trustStoreFile>``: The path to the TrustStore file.
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* ``--truststore-type=<trustStoreType>``: The type of the TrustStore (e.g. JKS).
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* ``--verbose``, ``--log-to-console``, ``-v``: If set, prints logging to the console as well as to a file.
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* ``--logging-level=<loggingLevel>``: Enable logging at this level and higher. Possible values: ERROR, WARN, INFO, DEBUG, TRACE. Default: INFO.
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* ``--help``, ``-h``: Show this help message and exit.
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* ``--version``, ``-V``: Print version information and exit.
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Additionally, the ``install-shell-extensions`` subcommand can be used to install the ``corda-shell`` alias and auto completion for bash and zsh. See :doc:`cli-application-shell-extensions` for more info.
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The format of ``config-file``:
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.. code:: bash
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node {
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addresses {
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rpc {
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host : "localhost"
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port : 10006
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}
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}
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}
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shell {
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workDir : /path/to/dir
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}
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extensions {
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cordapps {
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path : /path/to/cordapps/dir
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}
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sshd {
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enabled : "false"
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port : 2223
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}
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}
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ssl {
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keystore {
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path: "/path/to/keystore"
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type: "JKS"
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password: password
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}
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trustore {
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path: "/path/to/trusttore"
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type: "JKS"
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password: password
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}
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}
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user : demo
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password : demo
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Standalone Shell via SSH
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------------------------
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The standalone shell can embed an SSH server which redirects interactions via RPC calls to the Corda node.
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To run SSH server use ``--sshd-port`` option when starting standalone shell or ``extensions.sshd`` entry in the configuration file.
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For connection to SSH refer to `Connecting to the shell`_.
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Certain operations (like starting Flows) will require Shell's ``--cordpass-directory`` to be configured correctly (see `Starting the standalone shell`_).
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Interacting with the node via the shell
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---------------------------------------
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The shell interacts with the node by issuing RPCs (remote procedure calls). You make an RPC from the shell by typing
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``run`` followed by the name of the desired RPC method. For example, you'd see a list of the registered flows on your
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node by running:
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``run registeredFlows``
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Some RPCs return a stream of events that will be shown on screen until you press Ctrl-C.
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You can find a list of the available RPC methods
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`here <https://docs.corda.net/api/kotlin/corda/net.corda.core.messaging/-corda-r-p-c-ops/index.html>`_.
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Shutting down the node
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**********************
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You can shut the node down via shell:
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* ``gracefulShutdown`` will put node into draining mode, and shut down when there are no flows running
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* ``shutdown`` will shut the node down immediately
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Output Formats
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**********************
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You can choose the format in which the output of the commands will be shown.
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To see what is the format that's currently used, you can type ``output-format get``.
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To update the format, you can type ``output-format set json``.
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The currently supported formats are ``json``, ``yaml``. The default format is ``yaml``.
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Flow commands
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*************
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The shell also has special commands for working with flows:
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* ``flow list`` lists the flows available on the node
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* ``flow watch`` shows all the flows currently running on the node with result (or error) information
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* ``flow start`` starts a flow. The ``flow start`` command takes the name of a flow class, or
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*any unambiguous substring* thereof, as well as the data to be passed to the flow constructor. If there are several
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matches for a given substring, the possible matches will be printed out. If a flow has multiple constructors then the
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names and types of the arguments will be used to try and automatically determine which one to use. If the match
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against available constructors is unclear, the reasons each available constructor failed to match will be printed
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out. In the case of an ambiguous match, the first applicable constructor will be used
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Parameter syntax
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****************
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Parameters are passed to RPC or flow commands using a syntax called `Yaml`_ (yet another markup language), a
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simple JSON-like language. The key features of Yaml are:
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* Parameters are separated by commas
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* Each parameter is specified as a ``key: value`` pair
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* There **MUST** to be a space after the colon, otherwise you'll get a syntax error
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* Strings do not need to be surrounded by quotes unless they contain commas, colons or embedded quotes
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* Class names must be fully-qualified (e.g. ``java.lang.String``)
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* Nested classes are referenced using ``$``. For example, the ``net.corda.finance.contracts.asset.Cash.State``
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class is referenced as ``net.corda.finance.contracts.asset.Cash$State`` (note the ``$``)
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.. note:: If your CorDapp is written in Java, named arguments won't work unless you compiled the node using the
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``-parameters`` argument to javac. See :doc:`generating-a-node` for how to specify it via Gradle.
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Creating an instance of a class
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Class instances are created using curly-bracket syntax. For example, if we have a ``Campaign`` class with the following
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constructor:
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``data class Campaign(val name: String, val target: Int)``
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Then we could create an instance of this class to pass as a parameter as follows:
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``newCampaign: { name: Roger, target: 1000 }``
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Where ``newCampaign`` is a parameter of type ``Campaign``.
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Mappings from strings to types
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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In addition to the types already supported by Jackson, several parameter types can automatically be mapped from strings.
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We cover the most common types here.
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Amount
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~~~~~~
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A parameter of type ``Amount<Currency>`` can be written as either:
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* A dollar ($), pound (£) or euro (€) symbol followed by the amount as a decimal
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* The amount as a decimal followed by the ISO currency code (e.g. "100.12 CHF")
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SecureHash
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~~~~~~~~~~
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A parameter of type ``SecureHash`` can be written as a hexadecimal string: ``F69A7626ACC27042FEEAE187E6BFF4CE666E6F318DC2B32BE9FAF87DF687930C``
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OpaqueBytes
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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A parameter of type ``OpaqueBytes`` can be provided as a UTF-8 string.
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PublicKey and CompositeKey
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A parameter of type ``PublicKey`` can be written as a Base58 string of its encoded format: ``GfHq2tTVk9z4eXgyQXzegw6wNsZfHcDhfw8oTt6fCHySFGp3g7XHPAyc2o6D``.
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``net.corda.core.utilities.EncodingUtils.toBase58String`` will convert a ``PublicKey`` to this string format.
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Party
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~~~~~
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A parameter of type ``Party`` can be written in several ways:
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* By using the full name: ``"O=Monogram Bank,L=Sao Paulo,C=GB"``
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* By specifying the organisation name only: ``"Monogram Bank"``
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* By specifying any other non-ambiguous part of the name: ``"Sao Paulo"`` (if only one network node is located in Sao
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Paulo)
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* By specifying the public key (see above)
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NodeInfo
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~~~~~~~~
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A parameter of type ``NodeInfo`` can be written in terms of one of its identities (see ``Party`` above)
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AnonymousParty
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A parameter of type ``AnonymousParty`` can be written in terms of its ``PublicKey`` (see above)
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NetworkHostAndPort
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A parameter of type ``NetworkHostAndPort`` can be written as a "host:port" string: ``"localhost:1010"``
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Instant and Date
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A parameter of ``Instant`` and ``Date`` can be written as an ISO-8601 string: ``"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z"``
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Examples
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^^^^^^^^
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Starting a flow
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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We would start the ``CashIssueFlow`` flow as follows:
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``flow start CashIssueFlow amount: $1000, issuerBankPartyRef: 1234, notary: "O=Controller, L=London, C=GB"``
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This breaks down as follows:
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* ``flow start`` is a shell command for starting a flow
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* ``CashIssueFlow`` is the flow we want to start
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* Each ``name: value`` pair after that is a flow constructor argument
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This command invokes the following ``CashIssueFlow`` constructor:
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.. container:: codeset
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.. sourcecode:: kotlin
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class CashIssueFlow(val amount: Amount<Currency>,
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val issuerBankPartyRef: OpaqueBytes,
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val recipient: Party,
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val notary: Party) : AbstractCashFlow(progressTracker)
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Querying the vault
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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We would query the vault for ``IOUState`` states as follows:
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``run vaultQuery contractStateType: com.template.IOUState``
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This breaks down as follows:
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* ``run`` is a shell command for making an RPC call
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* ``vaultQuery`` is the RPC call we want to make
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* ``contractStateType: com.template.IOUState`` is the fully-qualified name of the state type we are querying for
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Attachments
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***********
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The shell can be used to upload and download attachments from the node. To learn more, see the tutorial
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":doc:`tutorial-attachments`".
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Getting help
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************
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You can type ``help`` in the shell to list the available commands, and ``man`` to get interactive help on many
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commands. You can also pass the ``--help`` or ``-h`` flags to a command to get info about what switches it supports.
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Commands may have subcommands, in the same style as ``git``. In that case, running the command by itself will
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list the supported subcommands.
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Extending the shell
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-------------------
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The shell can be extended using commands written in either Java or `Groovy`_ (a Java-compatible scripting language).
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These commands have full access to the node's internal APIs and thus can be used to achieve almost anything.
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A full tutorial on how to write such commands is out of scope for this documentation. To learn more, please refer to
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the `CRaSH`_ documentation. New commands are placed in the ``shell-commands`` subdirectory in the node directory. Edits
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to existing commands will be used automatically, but currently commands added after the node has started won't be
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automatically detected. Commands must have names all in lower-case with either a ``.java`` or ``.groovy`` extension.
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.. warning:: Commands written in Groovy ignore Java security checks, so have unrestricted access to node and JVM
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internals regardless of any sandboxing that may be in place. Don't allow untrusted users to edit files in the
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shell-commands directory!
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Limitations
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-----------
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The shell will be enhanced over time. The currently known limitations include:
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* Flows cannot be run unless they override the progress tracker
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* If a command requires an argument of an abstract type, the command cannot be run because the concrete subclass to use cannot be specified using the YAML syntax
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* There is no command completion for flows or RPCs
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* Command history is not preserved across restarts
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* The ``jdbc`` command requires you to explicitly log into the database first
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* Commands placed in the ``shell-commands`` directory are only noticed after the node is restarted
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* The ``jul`` command advertises access to logs, but it doesn't work with the logging framework we're using
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.. _Yaml: http://www.yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html
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.. _Groovy: http://groovy-lang.org/
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.. _CRaSH: http://www.crashub.org/
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