corda/src/jnienv.cpp

/* Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Avian Contributors

   Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software
   for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided
   that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear
   in all copies.

   There is NO WARRANTY for this software.  See license.txt for
   details. */

#include "jnienv.h"
#include "machine.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "processor.h"
#include "constants.h"

using namespace vm;

namespace {

namespace local {

const uintptr_t InterfaceMethodID
= (static_cast<uintptr_t>(1) << (BitsPerWord - 1));

const uintptr_t NonVirtualMethodID
= (static_cast<uintptr_t>(1) << (BitsPerWord - 2));

jint JNICALL
AttachCurrentThread(Machine* m, Thread** t, void*)
{
  *t = static_cast<Thread*>(m->localThread->get());
  if (*t == 0) {
    *t = attachThread(m, false);
  }
  return 0;
}

jint JNICALL
AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon(Machine* m, Thread** t, void*)
{
  *t = static_cast<Thread*>(m->localThread->get());
  if (*t == 0) {
    *t = attachThread(m, true);
  }
  return 0;
}

jint JNICALL
DetachCurrentThread(Machine* m)
{
  Thread* t = static_cast<Thread*>(m->localThread->get());
  if (t) {
    expect(t, t != m->rootThread);

    m->localThread->set(0);

    ACQUIRE_RAW(t, t->m->stateLock);

    enter(t, Thread::ActiveState);

    threadPeer(t, t->javaThread) = 0;

    enter(t, Thread::ZombieState);

    t->state = Thread::JoinedState;

    return 0;
  } else {
    return -1;
  }
}

uint64_t
destroyJavaVM(Thread* t, uintptr_t*)
{
  // wait for other non-daemon threads to exit
  { ACQUIRE(t, t->m->stateLock);
    while (t->m->liveCount - t->m->daemonCount > 1) {
      t->m->stateLock->wait(t->systemThread, 0);
    }
  }

  shutDown(t);

  return 1;
}

jint JNICALL
DestroyJavaVM(Machine* m)
{
  Thread* t; AttachCurrentThread(m, &t, 0);

  if (run(t, destroyJavaVM, 0)) {
    t->exit();
    return 0;
  } else {
    return -1;
  }
}

jint JNICALL
GetEnv(Machine* m, Thread** t, jint version)
{
  *t = static_cast<Thread*>(m->localThread->get());
  if (*t) {
    if (version <= JNI_VERSION_1_4) {
      return JNI_OK;
    } else {
      return JNI_EVERSION;
    }
  } else {
    return JNI_EDETACHED;
  }
}

jint JNICALL
GetVersion(Thread* t)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
}

jsize JNICALL
GetStringLength(Thread* t, jstring s)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return stringLength(t, *s);
}

const jchar* JNICALL
GetStringChars(Thread* t, jstring s, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  jchar* chars = static_cast<jchar*>
    (t->m->heap->allocate((stringLength(t, *s) + 1) * sizeof(jchar)));
  stringChars(t, *s, chars);

  if (isCopy) *isCopy = true;
  return chars;
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseStringChars(Thread* t, jstring s, const jchar* chars)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  t->m->heap->free(chars, (stringLength(t, *s) + 1) * sizeof(jchar));
}

void JNICALL
GetStringRegion(Thread* t, jstring s, jsize start, jsize length, jchar* dst)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  stringChars(t, *s, start, length, dst);
}

const jchar* JNICALL
GetStringCritical(Thread* t, jstring s, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  if ((t->criticalLevel ++) == 0) {
    enter(t, Thread::ActiveState);
  }

  if (isCopy) {
    *isCopy = true;
  }
  
  object data = stringData(t, *s);
  if (objectClass(t, data) == type(t, Machine::ByteArrayType)) {
    return GetStringChars(t, s, isCopy);
  } else {
    return &charArrayBody(t, data, stringOffset(t, *s));
  }
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseStringCritical(Thread* t, jstring s, const jchar* chars)
{
  if (objectClass(t, stringData(t, *s)) == type(t, Machine::ByteArrayType)) {
    ReleaseStringChars(t, s, chars);
  }

  if ((-- t->criticalLevel) == 0) {
    enter(t, Thread::IdleState);
  }
}

jsize JNICALL
GetStringUTFLength(Thread* t, jstring s)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return stringUTFLength(t, *s);
}

const char* JNICALL
GetStringUTFChars(Thread* t, jstring s, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  int length = stringUTFLength(t, *s);
  char* chars = static_cast<char*>
    (t->m->heap->allocate(length + 1));
  stringUTFChars(t, *s, chars, length);

  if (isCopy) *isCopy = true;
  return chars;
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseStringUTFChars(Thread* t, jstring s, const char* chars)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  t->m->heap->free(chars, stringLength(t, *s) + 1);
}

void JNICALL
GetStringUTFRegion(Thread* t, jstring s, jsize start, jsize length, char* dst)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  stringUTFChars
    (t, *s, start, length, dst, stringUTFLength(t, *s, start, length));
}

jsize JNICALL
GetArrayLength(Thread* t, jarray array)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<uintptr_t>(*array, BytesPerWord);
}

uint64_t
newString(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  const jchar* chars = reinterpret_cast<const jchar*>(arguments[0]);
  jsize size = arguments[1];

  object a = 0;
  if (size) {
    a = makeCharArray(t, size);
    memcpy(&charArrayBody(t, a, 0), chars, size * sizeof(jchar));
  }

  return reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>
    (makeLocalReference(t, t->m->classpath->makeString(t, a, 0, size)));
}

jstring JNICALL
NewString(Thread* t, const jchar* chars, jsize size)
{
  if (chars == 0) return 0;

  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(chars), size };

  return reinterpret_cast<jstring>(run(t, newString, arguments));
}

uint64_t
newStringUTF(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  const char* chars = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arguments[0]);

  object array = parseUtf8(t, chars, strlen(chars));

  return reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>
    (makeLocalReference
     (t, t->m->classpath->makeString
      (t, array, 0, cast<uintptr_t>(array, BytesPerWord) - 1)));
}

jstring JNICALL
NewStringUTF(Thread* t, const char* chars)
{
  if (chars == 0) return 0;

  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(chars) };

  return reinterpret_cast<jstring>(run(t, newStringUTF, arguments));
}

void
replace(int a, int b, const char* in, int8_t* out)
{
  while (*in) {
    *out = (*in == a ? b : *in);
    ++ in;
    ++ out;
  }
  *out = 0;
}

uint64_t
defineClass(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jobject loader = reinterpret_cast<jobject>(arguments[0]);
  const uint8_t* buffer = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(arguments[1]);
  jsize length = arguments[2];

  return reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>
    (makeLocalReference
     (t, getJClass
      (t, defineClass
       (t, loader ? *loader : root(t, Machine::BootLoader), buffer, length))));
}

jclass JNICALL
DefineClass(Thread* t, const char*, jobject loader, const jbyte* buffer,
            jsize length)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(loader),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buffer),
                            length };

  return reinterpret_cast<jclass>(run(t, defineClass, arguments));
}

uint64_t
findClass(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  const char* name = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arguments[0]);

  object n = makeByteArray(t, strlen(name) + 1);
  replace('.', '/', name, &byteArrayBody(t, n, 0));

  object caller = getCaller(t, 0);

  return reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>
    (makeLocalReference
     (t, getJClass
      (t, resolveClass
       (t, caller ? classLoader(t, methodClass(t, caller))
        : root(t, Machine::AppLoader), n))));
}

jclass JNICALL
FindClass(Thread* t, const char* name)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(name) };

  return reinterpret_cast<jclass>(run(t, findClass, arguments));
}

uint64_t
throwNew(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jclass c = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[0]);
  const char* message = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arguments[1]);

  object m = 0;
  PROTECT(t, m);

  if (message) {
    m = makeString(t, "%s", message);
  }

  object trace = makeTrace(t);
  PROTECT(t, trace);

  t->exception = make(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c));
  set(t, t->exception, ThrowableMessage, m);
  set(t, t->exception, ThrowableTrace, trace);

  return 1;
}

jint JNICALL
ThrowNew(Thread* t, jclass c, const char* message)
{
  if (t->exception) {
    return -1;
  }

  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(c),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(message) };

  return run(t, throwNew, arguments) ? 0 : -1;
}

jint JNICALL
Throw(Thread* t, jthrowable throwable)
{
  if (t->exception) {
    return -1;
  }

  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);
  
  t->exception = *throwable;

  return 0;
}

void JNICALL
DeleteLocalRef(Thread* t, jobject r)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  disposeLocalReference(t, r);
}

jboolean JNICALL
ExceptionCheck(Thread* t)
{
  return t->exception != 0;
}

jobject JNICALL
NewDirectByteBuffer(Thread*, void*, jlong)
{
  return 0;
}

void* JNICALL
GetDirectBufferAddress(Thread*, jobject)
{
  return 0;
}

jlong JNICALL
GetDirectBufferCapacity(Thread*, jobject)
{
  return -1;
}

jclass JNICALL
GetObjectClass(Thread* t, jobject o)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return makeLocalReference(t, getJClass(t, objectClass(t, *o)));
}

jboolean JNICALL
IsInstanceOf(Thread* t, jobject o, jclass c)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return instanceOf(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c), *o);
}

jboolean JNICALL
IsAssignableFrom(Thread* t, jclass b, jclass a)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return isAssignableFrom(t, jclassVmClass(t, *a), jclassVmClass(t, *b));
}

object
findMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, const char* name, const char* spec)
{
  object n = makeByteArray(t, "%s", name);
  PROTECT(t, n);

  object s = makeByteArray(t, "%s", spec);
  return vm::findMethod(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c), n, s);
}

jint
methodID(Thread* t, object method)
{
  if (methodNativeID(t, method) == 0) {
    PROTECT(t, method);

    ACQUIRE(t, t->m->referenceLock);
    
    if (methodNativeID(t, method) == 0) {
      setRoot(t, Machine::JNIMethodTable, vectorAppend
              (t, root(t, Machine::JNIMethodTable), method));
      methodNativeID(t, method) = vectorSize
        (t, root(t, Machine::JNIMethodTable));
    }
  }

  return methodNativeID(t, method);
}

uint64_t
getMethodID(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jclass c = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[0]);
  const char* name = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arguments[1]);
  const char* spec = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arguments[2]);

  object method = findMethod(t, c, name, spec);

  assert(t, (methodFlags(t, method) & ACC_STATIC) == 0);

  return methodID(t, method);  
}

jmethodID JNICALL
GetMethodID(Thread* t, jclass c, const char* name, const char* spec)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(c),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(name),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(spec) };

  return run(t, getMethodID, arguments);
}

uint64_t
getStaticMethodID(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jclass c = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[0]);
  const char* name = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arguments[1]);
  const char* spec = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arguments[2]);

  object method = findMethod(t, c, name, spec);

  assert(t, methodFlags(t, method) & ACC_STATIC);

  return methodID(t, method);
}

jmethodID JNICALL
GetStaticMethodID(Thread* t, jclass c, const char* name, const char* spec)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(c),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(name),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(spec) };

  return run(t, getStaticMethodID, arguments);
}

inline object
getMethod(Thread* t, jmethodID m)
{
  object method = vectorBody(t, root(t, Machine::JNIMethodTable), m - 1);

  assert(t, (methodFlags(t, method) & ACC_STATIC) == 0);

  return method;
}

uint64_t
newObjectV(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jclass c = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[0]);
  jmethodID m = arguments[1];
  va_list* a = reinterpret_cast<va_list*>(arguments[2]);

  object o = make(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c));
  PROTECT(t, o);

  t->m->processor->invokeList(t, getMethod(t, m), o, true, *a);

  return reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(makeLocalReference(t, o));
}

jobject JNICALL
NewObjectV(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(c),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return reinterpret_cast<jobject>(run(t, newObjectV, arguments));
}

jobject JNICALL
NewObject(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jobject r = NewObjectV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

uint64_t
callObjectMethodV(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jobject o = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[0]);
  jmethodID m = arguments[1];
  va_list* a = reinterpret_cast<va_list*>(arguments[2]);

  object method = getMethod(t, m);
  return reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>
    (makeLocalReference
     (t, t->m->processor->invokeList(t, method, *o, true, *a)));
}

jobject JNICALL
CallObjectMethodV(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return reinterpret_cast<jobject>(run(t, callObjectMethodV, arguments));
}

jobject JNICALL
CallObjectMethod(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jobject r = CallObjectMethodV(t, o, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

uint64_t
callIntMethodV(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jobject o = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[0]);
  jmethodID m = arguments[1];
  va_list* a = reinterpret_cast<va_list*>(arguments[2]);

  object method = getMethod(t, m);
  return intValue(t, t->m->processor->invokeList(t, method, *o, true, *a));
}

jboolean JNICALL
CallBooleanMethodV(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callIntMethodV, arguments) != 0;
}

jboolean JNICALL
CallBooleanMethod(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jboolean r = CallBooleanMethodV(t, o, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jbyte JNICALL
CallByteMethodV(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callIntMethodV, arguments);
}

jbyte JNICALL
CallByteMethod(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jbyte r = CallByteMethodV(t, o, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jchar JNICALL
CallCharMethodV(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callIntMethodV, arguments);
}

jchar JNICALL
CallCharMethod(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jchar r = CallCharMethodV(t, o, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jshort JNICALL
CallShortMethodV(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callIntMethodV, arguments);
}

jshort JNICALL
CallShortMethod(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jshort r = CallShortMethodV(t, o, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jint JNICALL
CallIntMethodV(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callIntMethodV, arguments);
}

jint JNICALL
CallIntMethod(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jint r = CallIntMethodV(t, o, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

uint64_t
callLongMethodV(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jobject o = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[0]);
  jmethodID m = arguments[1];
  va_list* a = reinterpret_cast<va_list*>(arguments[2]);

  object method = getMethod(t, m);
  return longValue(t, t->m->processor->invokeList(t, method, *o, true, *a));
}

jlong JNICALL
CallLongMethodV(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callLongMethodV, arguments);
}

jlong JNICALL
CallLongMethod(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jlong r = CallLongMethodV(t, o, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jfloat JNICALL
CallFloatMethodV(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return bitsToFloat(run(t, callIntMethodV, arguments));
}

jfloat JNICALL
CallFloatMethod(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jfloat r = CallFloatMethodV(t, o, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jdouble JNICALL
CallDoubleMethodV(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return bitsToDouble(run(t, callLongMethodV, arguments));
}

jdouble JNICALL
CallDoubleMethod(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jdouble r = CallDoubleMethodV(t, o, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

uint64_t
callVoidMethodV(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jobject o = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[0]);
  jmethodID m = arguments[1];
  va_list* a = reinterpret_cast<va_list*>(arguments[2]);

  object method = getMethod(t, m);
  t->m->processor->invokeList(t, method, *o, true, *a);

  return 0;
}

void JNICALL
CallVoidMethodV(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o),
                            m,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  run(t, callVoidMethodV, arguments);
}

void JNICALL
CallVoidMethod(Thread* t, jobject o, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  CallVoidMethodV(t, o, m, a);

  va_end(a);
}

inline object
getStaticMethod(Thread* t, jmethodID m)
{
  object method = vectorBody(t, root(t, Machine::JNIMethodTable), m - 1);

  assert(t, methodFlags(t, method) & ACC_STATIC);

  return method;
}

uint64_t
callStaticObjectMethodV(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jmethodID m = arguments[0];
  va_list* a = reinterpret_cast<va_list*>(arguments[1]);

  return reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>
    (makeLocalReference
     (t, t->m->processor->invokeList(t, getStaticMethod(t, m), 0, true, *a)));
}

jobject JNICALL
CallStaticObjectMethodV(Thread* t, jclass, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { m, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return reinterpret_cast<jobject>(run(t, callStaticObjectMethodV, arguments));
}

jobject JNICALL
CallStaticObjectMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jobject r = CallStaticObjectMethodV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

uint64_t
callStaticIntMethodV(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jmethodID m = arguments[0];
  va_list* a = reinterpret_cast<va_list*>(arguments[1]);

  return intValue
    (t, t->m->processor->invokeList(t, getStaticMethod(t, m), 0, true, *a));
}

jboolean JNICALL
CallStaticBooleanMethodV(Thread* t, jclass, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { m, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callStaticIntMethodV, arguments) != 0;
}

jboolean JNICALL
CallStaticBooleanMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jboolean r = CallStaticBooleanMethodV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jbyte JNICALL
CallStaticByteMethodV(Thread* t, jclass, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { m, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callStaticIntMethodV, arguments);
}

jbyte JNICALL
CallStaticByteMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jbyte r = CallStaticByteMethodV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jchar JNICALL
CallStaticCharMethodV(Thread* t, jclass, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { m, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callStaticIntMethodV, arguments);
}

jchar JNICALL
CallStaticCharMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jchar r = CallStaticCharMethodV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jshort JNICALL
CallStaticShortMethodV(Thread* t, jclass, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { m, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callStaticIntMethodV, arguments);
}

jshort JNICALL
CallStaticShortMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jshort r = CallStaticShortMethodV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jint JNICALL
CallStaticIntMethodV(Thread* t, jclass, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { m, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callStaticIntMethodV, arguments);
}

jint JNICALL
CallStaticIntMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jint r = CallStaticIntMethodV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

uint64_t
callStaticLongMethodV(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jmethodID m = arguments[0];
  va_list* a = reinterpret_cast<va_list*>(arguments[1]);

  return longValue
    (t, t->m->processor->invokeList(t, getStaticMethod(t, m), 0, true, *a));
}

jlong JNICALL
CallStaticLongMethodV(Thread* t, jclass, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { m, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return run(t, callStaticLongMethodV, arguments);
}

jlong JNICALL
CallStaticLongMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jlong r = CallStaticLongMethodV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jfloat JNICALL
CallStaticFloatMethodV(Thread* t, jclass, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { m, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return bitsToFloat(run(t, callStaticIntMethodV, arguments));
}

jfloat JNICALL
CallStaticFloatMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jfloat r = CallStaticFloatMethodV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

jdouble JNICALL
CallStaticDoubleMethodV(Thread* t, jclass, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { m, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  return bitsToDouble(run(t, callStaticLongMethodV, arguments));
}

jdouble JNICALL
CallStaticDoubleMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  jdouble r = CallStaticDoubleMethodV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);

  return r;
}

uint64_t
callStaticVoidMethodV(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jmethodID m = arguments[0];
  va_list* a = reinterpret_cast<va_list*>(arguments[1]);

  t->m->processor->invokeList(t, getStaticMethod(t, m), 0, true, *a);

  return 0;
}

void JNICALL
CallStaticVoidMethodV(Thread* t, jclass, jmethodID m, va_list a)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { m, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a) };

  run(t, callStaticVoidMethodV, arguments);
}

void JNICALL
CallStaticVoidMethod(Thread* t, jclass c, jmethodID m, ...)
{
  va_list a;
  va_start(a, m);

  CallStaticVoidMethodV(t, c, m, a);

  va_end(a);
}

uint64_t
getFieldID(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jclass c = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[0]);
  const char* name = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arguments[1]);
  const char* spec = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arguments[2]);

  return fieldOffset(t, resolveField(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c), name, spec));
}

jfieldID JNICALL
GetFieldID(Thread* t, jclass c, const char* name, const char* spec)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(c),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(name),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(spec) };

  return run(t, getFieldID, arguments);
}

jfieldID JNICALL
GetStaticFieldID(Thread* t, jclass c, const char* name, const char* spec)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(c),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(name),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(spec) };

  return run(t, getFieldID, arguments);
}

jobject JNICALL
GetObjectField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return makeLocalReference(t, cast<object>(*o, field));
}

jboolean JNICALL
GetBooleanField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<jboolean>(*o, field);
}

jbyte JNICALL
GetByteField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<jbyte>(*o, field);
}

jchar JNICALL
GetCharField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<jchar>(*o, field);
}

jshort JNICALL
GetShortField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<jshort>(*o, field);
}

jint JNICALL
GetIntField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<jint>(*o, field);
}

jlong JNICALL
GetLongField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<jlong>(*o, field);
}

jfloat JNICALL
GetFloatField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<jfloat>(*o, field);
}

jdouble JNICALL
GetDoubleField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<jdouble>(*o, field);
}

void JNICALL
SetObjectField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field, jobject v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  set(t, *o, field, (v ? *v : 0));
}

void JNICALL
SetBooleanField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field, jboolean v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<jboolean>(*o, field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetByteField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field, jbyte v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<jbyte>(*o, field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetCharField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field, jchar v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<jchar>(*o, field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetShortField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field, jshort v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<jshort>(*o, field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetIntField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field, jint v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<jint>(*o, field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetLongField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field, jlong v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<jlong>(*o, field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetFloatField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field, jfloat v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<jfloat>(*o, field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetDoubleField(Thread* t, jobject o, jfieldID field, jdouble v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<jdouble>(*o, field) = v;
}

jobject JNICALL
GetStaticObjectField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return makeLocalReference
    (t, cast<object>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field));
}

jboolean JNICALL
GetStaticBooleanField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<int8_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field);
}

jbyte JNICALL
GetStaticByteField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<int8_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field);
}

jchar JNICALL
GetStaticCharField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<uint16_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field);
}

jshort JNICALL
GetStaticShortField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<int16_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field);
}

jint JNICALL
GetStaticIntField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<int32_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field);
}

jlong JNICALL
GetStaticLongField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<int64_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field);
}

jfloat JNICALL
GetStaticFloatField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<float>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field);
}

jdouble JNICALL
GetStaticDoubleField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return cast<double>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field);
}

void JNICALL
SetStaticObjectField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field, jobject v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  set(t, classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field, (v ? *v : 0));
}

void JNICALL
SetStaticBooleanField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field, jboolean v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);
  
  cast<int8_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetStaticByteField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field, jbyte v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<int8_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetStaticCharField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field, jchar v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<uint16_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetStaticShortField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field, jshort v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<int16_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetStaticIntField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field, jint v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<int32_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetStaticLongField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field, jlong v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<int64_t>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetStaticFloatField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field, jfloat v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<float>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field) = v;
}

void JNICALL
SetStaticDoubleField(Thread* t, jclass c, jfieldID field, jdouble v)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  cast<double>(classStaticTable(t, jclassVmClass(t, *c)), field) = v;
}

jobject JNICALL
NewGlobalRef(Thread* t, jobject o)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  ACQUIRE(t, t->m->referenceLock);
  
  if (o) {
    for (Reference* r = t->m->jniReferences; r; r = r->next) {
      if (r->target == *o) {
        acquire(t, r);

        return &(r->target);
      }
    }

    Reference* r = new (t->m->heap->allocate(sizeof(Reference)))
      Reference(*o, &(t->m->jniReferences));

    acquire(t, r);

    return &(r->target);
  } else {
    return 0;
  }
}

void JNICALL
DeleteGlobalRef(Thread* t, jobject r)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  ACQUIRE(t, t->m->referenceLock);
  
  if (r) {
    release(t, reinterpret_cast<Reference*>(r));
  }
}

jint JNICALL
EnsureLocalCapacity(Thread*, jint)
{
  return 0;
}

jthrowable JNICALL
ExceptionOccurred(Thread* t)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return makeLocalReference(t, t->exception);
}

void JNICALL
ExceptionDescribe(Thread* t)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return printTrace(t, t->exception);
}

void JNICALL
ExceptionClear(Thread* t)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  t->exception = 0;
}

uint64_t
newObjectArray(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jsize length = arguments[0];
  jclass class_ = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[1]);
  jobject init = reinterpret_cast<jobject>(arguments[2]);

  object a = makeObjectArray(t, jclassVmClass(t, *class_), length);
  object value = (init ? *init : 0);
  for (jsize i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
    set(t, a, ArrayBody + (i * BytesPerWord), value);
  }
  return reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(makeLocalReference(t, a));
}

jobjectArray JNICALL
NewObjectArray(Thread* t, jsize length, jclass class_, jobject init)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { length,
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(class_),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(init) };

  return reinterpret_cast<jobjectArray>(run(t, newObjectArray, arguments));
}

jobject JNICALL
GetObjectArrayElement(Thread* t, jobjectArray array, jsize index)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  return makeLocalReference(t, objectArrayBody(t, *array, index));
}

void JNICALL
SetObjectArrayElement(Thread* t, jobjectArray array, jsize index,
                      jobject value)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  set(t, *array, ArrayBody + (index * BytesPerWord), (value ? *value : 0));
}

uint64_t
newArray(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  object (*constructor)(Thread*, unsigned)
    = reinterpret_cast<object (*)(Thread*, unsigned)>(arguments[0]);

  jsize length = arguments[1];

  return reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>
    (makeLocalReference(t, constructor(t, length)));
}

jbooleanArray JNICALL
NewBooleanArray(Thread* t, jsize length)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[]
    = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(voidPointer(makeBooleanArray)),
        length };

  return reinterpret_cast<jbooleanArray>(run(t, newArray, arguments));
}

object
makeByteArray0(Thread* t, unsigned length)
{
  return makeByteArray(t, length);
}

jbyteArray JNICALL
NewByteArray(Thread* t, jsize length)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[]
    = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(voidPointer(makeByteArray0)),
        length };

  return reinterpret_cast<jbyteArray>(run(t, newArray, arguments));
}

jcharArray JNICALL
NewCharArray(Thread* t, jsize length)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[]
    = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(voidPointer(makeCharArray)),
        length };

  return reinterpret_cast<jcharArray>(run(t, newArray, arguments));
}

jshortArray JNICALL
NewShortArray(Thread* t, jsize length)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[]
    = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(voidPointer(makeShortArray)),
        length };

  return reinterpret_cast<jshortArray>(run(t, newArray, arguments));
}

jintArray JNICALL
NewIntArray(Thread* t, jsize length)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[]
    = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(voidPointer(makeIntArray)),
        length };

  return reinterpret_cast<jintArray>(run(t, newArray, arguments));
}

jlongArray JNICALL
NewLongArray(Thread* t, jsize length)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[]
    = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(voidPointer(makeLongArray)),
        length };

  return reinterpret_cast<jlongArray>(run(t, newArray, arguments));
}

jfloatArray JNICALL
NewFloatArray(Thread* t, jsize length)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[]
    = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(voidPointer(makeFloatArray)),
        length };

  return reinterpret_cast<jfloatArray>(run(t, newArray, arguments));
}

jdoubleArray JNICALL
NewDoubleArray(Thread* t, jsize length)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[]
    = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(voidPointer(makeDoubleArray)),
        length };

  return reinterpret_cast<jdoubleArray>(run(t, newArray, arguments));
}

jboolean* JNICALL
GetBooleanArrayElements(Thread* t, jbooleanArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  unsigned size = booleanArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jboolean);
  jboolean* p = static_cast<jboolean*>(t->m->heap->allocate(size));
  if (size) {
    memcpy(p, &booleanArrayBody(t, *array, 0), size);
  }

  if (isCopy) {
    *isCopy = true;
  }

  return p;
}

jbyte* JNICALL
GetByteArrayElements(Thread* t, jbyteArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  unsigned size = byteArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jbyte);
  jbyte* p = static_cast<jbyte*>(t->m->heap->allocate(size));
  if (size) {
    memcpy(p, &byteArrayBody(t, *array, 0), size);
  }

  if (isCopy) {
    *isCopy = true;
  }

  return p;
}

jchar* JNICALL
GetCharArrayElements(Thread* t, jcharArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  unsigned size = charArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jchar);
  jchar* p = static_cast<jchar*>(t->m->heap->allocate(size));
  if (size) {
    memcpy(p, &charArrayBody(t, *array, 0), size);
  }

  if (isCopy) {
    *isCopy = true;
  }

  return p;
}

jshort* JNICALL
GetShortArrayElements(Thread* t, jshortArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  unsigned size = shortArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jshort);
  jshort* p = static_cast<jshort*>(t->m->heap->allocate(size));
  if (size) {
    memcpy(p, &shortArrayBody(t, *array, 0), size);
  }

  if (isCopy) {
    *isCopy = true;
  }

  return p;
}

jint* JNICALL
GetIntArrayElements(Thread* t, jintArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  unsigned size = intArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jint);
  jint* p = static_cast<jint*>(t->m->heap->allocate(size));
  if (size) {
    memcpy(p, &intArrayBody(t, *array, 0), size);
  }

  if (isCopy) {
    *isCopy = true;
  }

  return p;
}

jlong* JNICALL
GetLongArrayElements(Thread* t, jlongArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  unsigned size = longArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jlong);
  jlong* p = static_cast<jlong*>(t->m->heap->allocate(size));
  if (size) {
    memcpy(p, &longArrayBody(t, *array, 0), size);
  }

  if (isCopy) {
    *isCopy = true;
  }

  return p;
}

jfloat* JNICALL
GetFloatArrayElements(Thread* t, jfloatArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  unsigned size = floatArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jfloat);
  jfloat* p = static_cast<jfloat*>(t->m->heap->allocate(size));
  if (size) {
    memcpy(p, &floatArrayBody(t, *array, 0), size);
  }

  if (isCopy) {
    *isCopy = true;
  }

  return p;
}

jdouble* JNICALL
GetDoubleArrayElements(Thread* t, jdoubleArray array, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  unsigned size = doubleArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jdouble);
  jdouble* p = static_cast<jdouble*>(t->m->heap->allocate(size));
  if (size) {
    memcpy(p, &doubleArrayBody(t, *array, 0), size);
  }

  if (isCopy) {
    *isCopy = true;
  }

  return p;
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseBooleanArrayElements(Thread* t, jbooleanArray array, jboolean* p,
                            jint mode)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);
    
  unsigned size = booleanArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jboolean);

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_COMMIT) {
    if (size) {
      memcpy(&booleanArrayBody(t, *array, 0), p, size);
    }
  }

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_ABORT) {
    t->m->heap->free(p, size);
  }
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseByteArrayElements(Thread* t, jbyteArray array, jbyte* p, jint mode)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);
    
  unsigned size = byteArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jbyte);

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_COMMIT) {
    if (size) {
      memcpy(&byteArrayBody(t, *array, 0), p, size);
    }
  }

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_ABORT) {
    t->m->heap->free(p, size);
  }
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseCharArrayElements(Thread* t, jcharArray array, jchar* p, jint mode)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  unsigned size = charArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jchar);

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_COMMIT) {    
    if (size) {
      memcpy(&charArrayBody(t, *array, 0), p, size);
    }
  }

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_ABORT) {
    t->m->heap->free(p, size);
  }
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseShortArrayElements(Thread* t, jshortArray array, jshort* p, jint mode)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);  

  unsigned size = shortArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jshort);

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_COMMIT) {
    if (size) {
      memcpy(&shortArrayBody(t, *array, 0), p, size);
    }
  }

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_ABORT) {
    t->m->heap->free(p, size);
  }
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseIntArrayElements(Thread* t, jintArray array, jint* p, jint mode)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);
    
  unsigned size = intArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jint);

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_COMMIT) {
    if (size) {
      memcpy(&intArrayBody(t, *array, 0), p, size);
    }
  }

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_ABORT) {
    t->m->heap->free(p, size);
  }
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseLongArrayElements(Thread* t, jlongArray array, jlong* p, jint mode)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);
    
  unsigned size = longArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jlong);

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_COMMIT) {
    if (size) {
      memcpy(&longArrayBody(t, *array, 0), p, size);
    }
  }

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_ABORT) {
    t->m->heap->free(p, size);
  }
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseFloatArrayElements(Thread* t, jfloatArray array, jfloat* p, jint mode)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);
    
  unsigned size = floatArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jfloat);

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_COMMIT) {
    if (size) {
      memcpy(&floatArrayBody(t, *array, 0), p, size);
    }
  }

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_ABORT) {
    t->m->heap->free(p, size);
  }
}

void JNICALL
ReleaseDoubleArrayElements(Thread* t, jdoubleArray array, jdouble* p,
                           jint mode)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);
    
  unsigned size = doubleArrayLength(t, *array) * sizeof(jdouble);

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_COMMIT) {
    if (size) {
      memcpy(&doubleArrayBody(t, *array, 0), p, size);
    }
  }

  if (mode == 0 or mode == JNI_ABORT) {
    t->m->heap->free(p, size);
  }
}

void JNICALL
GetBooleanArrayRegion(Thread* t, jbooleanArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                      jboolean* dst)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(dst, &booleanArrayBody(t, *array, offset),
           length * sizeof(jboolean));
  }
}

void JNICALL
GetByteArrayRegion(Thread* t, jbyteArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                   jbyte* dst)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(dst, &byteArrayBody(t, *array, offset), length * sizeof(jbyte));
  }
}

void JNICALL
GetCharArrayRegion(Thread* t, jcharArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                   jchar* dst)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(dst, &charArrayBody(t, *array, offset), length * sizeof(jchar));
  }
}

void JNICALL
GetShortArrayRegion(Thread* t, jshortArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                    jshort* dst)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(dst, &shortArrayBody(t, *array, offset), length * sizeof(jshort));
  }
}

void JNICALL
GetIntArrayRegion(Thread* t, jintArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                  jint* dst)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(dst, &intArrayBody(t, *array, offset), length * sizeof(jint));
  }
}

void JNICALL
GetLongArrayRegion(Thread* t, jlongArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                   jlong* dst)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(dst, &longArrayBody(t, *array, offset), length * sizeof(jlong));
  }
}

void JNICALL
GetFloatArrayRegion(Thread* t, jfloatArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                    jfloat* dst)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(dst, &floatArrayBody(t, *array, offset), length * sizeof(jfloat));
  }
}

void JNICALL
GetDoubleArrayRegion(Thread* t, jdoubleArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                     jdouble* dst)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(dst, &doubleArrayBody(t, *array, offset), length * sizeof(jdouble));
  }
}

void JNICALL
SetBooleanArrayRegion(Thread* t, jbooleanArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                      const jboolean* src)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(&booleanArrayBody(t, *array, offset), src,
           length * sizeof(jboolean));
  }
}

void JNICALL
SetByteArrayRegion(Thread* t, jbyteArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                   const jbyte* src)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(&byteArrayBody(t, *array, offset), src, length * sizeof(jbyte));
  }
}

void JNICALL
SetCharArrayRegion(Thread* t, jcharArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                   const jchar* src)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(&charArrayBody(t, *array, offset), src, length * sizeof(jchar));
  }
}

void JNICALL
SetShortArrayRegion(Thread* t, jshortArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                    const jshort* src)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(&shortArrayBody(t, *array, offset), src, length * sizeof(jshort));
  }
}

void JNICALL
SetIntArrayRegion(Thread* t, jintArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                  const jint* src)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(&intArrayBody(t, *array, offset), src, length * sizeof(jint));
  }
}

void JNICALL
SetLongArrayRegion(Thread* t, jlongArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                   const jlong* src)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(&longArrayBody(t, *array, offset), src, length * sizeof(jlong));
  }
}

void JNICALL
SetFloatArrayRegion(Thread* t, jfloatArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                    const jfloat* src)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(&floatArrayBody(t, *array, offset), src, length * sizeof(jfloat));
  }
}

void JNICALL
SetDoubleArrayRegion(Thread* t, jdoubleArray array, jint offset, jint length,
                     const jdouble* src)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  if (length) {
    memcpy(&doubleArrayBody(t, *array, offset), src, length * sizeof(jdouble));
  }
}

void* JNICALL
GetPrimitiveArrayCritical(Thread* t, jarray array, jboolean* isCopy)
{
  if ((t->criticalLevel ++) == 0) {
    enter(t, Thread::ActiveState);
  }
  
  if (isCopy) {
    *isCopy = true;
  }

  return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t*>(*array) + 2;
}

void JNICALL
ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical(Thread* t, jarray, void*, jint)
{
  if ((-- t->criticalLevel) == 0) {
    enter(t, Thread::IdleState);
  }
}

uint64_t
registerNatives(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  jclass c = reinterpret_cast<jclass>(arguments[0]);
  const JNINativeMethod* methods
    = reinterpret_cast<const JNINativeMethod*>(arguments[1]);
  jint methodCount = arguments[2];

  for (int i = 0; i < methodCount; ++i) {
    if (methods[i].function) {
      object method = findMethodOrNull
        (t, jclassVmClass(t, *c), methods[i].name, methods[i].signature);

      if (method == 0 or (methodFlags(t, method) & ACC_NATIVE) == 0) {
        // The JNI spec says we must throw a NoSuchMethodError in this
        // case, but that would prevent using a code shrinker like
        // ProGuard effectively.  Instead, we just ignore it.
      } else {
        registerNative(t, method, methods[i].function);
      }
    }
  }

  return 1;  
}

jint JNICALL
RegisterNatives(Thread* t, jclass c, const JNINativeMethod* methods,
                jint methodCount)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[] = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(c),
                            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(methods),
                            methodCount };

  return run(t, registerNatives, arguments) ? 0 : -1;
}

jint JNICALL
UnregisterNatives(Thread* t, jclass c)
{
  ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  unregisterNatives(t, *c);

  return 0;
}

uint64_t
monitorOp(Thread* t, uintptr_t* arguments)
{
  void (*op)(Thread*, object)
    = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(Thread*, object)>(arguments[0]);

  jobject o = reinterpret_cast<jobject>(arguments[1]);
  
  op(t, *o);

  return 1;
}

void
acquire0(Thread* t, object o)
{
  return acquire(t, o);
}

jint JNICALL
MonitorEnter(Thread* t, jobject o)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[]
    = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(voidPointer(acquire0)),
        reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o) };

  return run(t, monitorOp, arguments) ? 0 : -1;
}

void
release0(Thread* t, object o)
{
  return acquire(t, o);
}

jint JNICALL
MonitorExit(Thread* t, jobject o)
{
  uintptr_t arguments[]
    = { reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(voidPointer(release0)),
        reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(o) };

  return run(t, monitorOp, arguments) ? 0 : -1;
}

jint JNICALL
GetJavaVM(Thread* t, Machine** m)
{
  *m = t->m;
  return 0;
}

jboolean JNICALL
IsSameObject(Thread* t, jobject a, jobject b)
{
  if (a and b) {
    ENTER(t, Thread::ActiveState);

    return *a == *b;
  } else {
    return a == b;
  }
}

struct JavaVMOption {
  char* optionString;
  void* extraInfo;
};

struct JavaVMInitArgs {
  jint version;

  jint nOptions;
  JavaVMOption* options;
  jboolean ignoreUnrecognized;
};

int
parseSize(const char* s)
{
  unsigned length = strlen(s);
  RUNTIME_ARRAY(char, buffer, length + 1);
  if (length == 0) {
    return 0;
  } else if (s[length - 1] == 'k') {
    memcpy(RUNTIME_ARRAY_BODY(buffer), s, length - 1);
    RUNTIME_ARRAY_BODY(buffer)[length - 1] = 0;
    return atoi(RUNTIME_ARRAY_BODY(buffer)) * 1024;
  } else if (s[length - 1] == 'm') {
    memcpy(RUNTIME_ARRAY_BODY(buffer), s, length - 1);
    RUNTIME_ARRAY_BODY(buffer)[length - 1] = 0;
    return atoi(RUNTIME_ARRAY_BODY(buffer)) * 1024 * 1024;
  } else {
    return atoi(s);
  }
}

void
append(char** p, const char* value, unsigned length, char tail)
{
  if (length) {
    memcpy(*p, value, length);
    *p += length;
    *((*p)++) = tail;
  }
}

void
boot(Thread* t)
{
  enter(t, Thread::ActiveState);

  t->javaThread = t->m->classpath->makeThread(t, 0);

  setRoot(t, Machine::NullPointerException, makeThrowable
          (t, Machine::NullPointerExceptionType));
      
  setRoot(t, Machine::ArithmeticException,
          makeThrowable(t, Machine::ArithmeticExceptionType));

  setRoot(t, Machine::ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException,
          makeThrowable(t, Machine::ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsExceptionType));

  setRoot(t, Machine::OutOfMemoryError,
          makeThrowable(t, Machine::OutOfMemoryErrorType));

  setRoot(t, Machine::FinalizerThread, t->m->classpath->makeThread(t, t));

  threadDaemon(t, root(t, Machine::FinalizerThread)) = true;

  t->m->classpath->boot(t);

  enter(t, Thread::IdleState);
}

} // namespace local

} // namespace

namespace vm {

void
populateJNITables(JavaVMVTable* vmTable, JNIEnvVTable* envTable)
{
  memset(vmTable, 0, sizeof(JavaVMVTable));

  vmTable->DestroyJavaVM = local::DestroyJavaVM;
  vmTable->AttachCurrentThread = local::AttachCurrentThread;
  vmTable->AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon = local::AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon;
  vmTable->DetachCurrentThread = local::DetachCurrentThread;
  vmTable->GetEnv = local::GetEnv;

  memset(envTable, 0, sizeof(JNIEnvVTable));

  envTable->GetVersion = local::GetVersion;
  envTable->GetStringLength = local::GetStringLength;
  envTable->GetStringChars = local::GetStringChars;
  envTable->ReleaseStringChars = local::ReleaseStringChars;
  envTable->GetStringRegion = local::GetStringRegion;
  envTable->GetStringCritical = local::GetStringCritical;
  envTable->ReleaseStringCritical = local::ReleaseStringCritical;
  envTable->GetStringUTFLength = local::GetStringUTFLength;
  envTable->GetStringUTFChars = local::GetStringUTFChars;
  envTable->ReleaseStringUTFChars = local::ReleaseStringUTFChars;
  envTable->GetStringUTFRegion = local::GetStringUTFRegion;
  envTable->GetArrayLength = local::GetArrayLength;
  envTable->NewString = local::NewString;
  envTable->NewStringUTF = local::NewStringUTF;
  envTable->DefineClass = local::DefineClass;
  envTable->FindClass = local::FindClass;
  envTable->ThrowNew = local::ThrowNew;
  envTable->Throw = local::Throw;
  envTable->ExceptionCheck = local::ExceptionCheck;
  envTable->NewDirectByteBuffer = local::NewDirectByteBuffer;
  envTable->GetDirectBufferAddress = local::GetDirectBufferAddress;
  envTable->GetDirectBufferCapacity = local::GetDirectBufferCapacity;
  envTable->DeleteLocalRef = local::DeleteLocalRef;
  envTable->GetObjectClass = local::GetObjectClass;
  envTable->IsInstanceOf = local::IsInstanceOf;
  envTable->IsAssignableFrom = local::IsAssignableFrom;
  envTable->GetFieldID = local::GetFieldID;
  envTable->GetMethodID = local::GetMethodID;
  envTable->GetStaticMethodID = local::GetStaticMethodID;
  envTable->NewObject = local::NewObject;
  envTable->NewObjectV = local::NewObjectV;
  envTable->CallObjectMethodV = local::CallObjectMethodV;
  envTable->CallObjectMethod = local::CallObjectMethod;
  envTable->CallBooleanMethodV = local::CallBooleanMethodV;
  envTable->CallBooleanMethod = local::CallBooleanMethod;
  envTable->CallByteMethodV = local::CallByteMethodV;
  envTable->CallByteMethod = local::CallByteMethod;
  envTable->CallCharMethodV = local::CallCharMethodV;
  envTable->CallCharMethod = local::CallCharMethod;
  envTable->CallShortMethodV = local::CallShortMethodV;
  envTable->CallShortMethod = local::CallShortMethod;
  envTable->CallIntMethodV = local::CallIntMethodV;
  envTable->CallIntMethod = local::CallIntMethod;
  envTable->CallLongMethodV = local::CallLongMethodV;
  envTable->CallLongMethod = local::CallLongMethod;
  envTable->CallFloatMethodV = local::CallFloatMethodV;
  envTable->CallFloatMethod = local::CallFloatMethod;
  envTable->CallDoubleMethodV = local::CallDoubleMethodV;
  envTable->CallDoubleMethod = local::CallDoubleMethod;
  envTable->CallVoidMethodV = local::CallVoidMethodV;
  envTable->CallVoidMethod = local::CallVoidMethod;
  envTable->CallStaticObjectMethodV = local::CallStaticObjectMethodV;
  envTable->CallStaticObjectMethod = local::CallStaticObjectMethod;
  envTable->CallStaticBooleanMethodV = local::CallStaticBooleanMethodV;
  envTable->CallStaticBooleanMethod = local::CallStaticBooleanMethod;
  envTable->CallStaticByteMethodV = local::CallStaticByteMethodV;
  envTable->CallStaticByteMethod = local::CallStaticByteMethod;
  envTable->CallStaticCharMethodV = local::CallStaticCharMethodV;
  envTable->CallStaticCharMethod = local::CallStaticCharMethod;
  envTable->CallStaticShortMethodV = local::CallStaticShortMethodV;
  envTable->CallStaticShortMethod = local::CallStaticShortMethod;
  envTable->CallStaticIntMethodV = local::CallStaticIntMethodV;
  envTable->CallStaticIntMethod = local::CallStaticIntMethod;
  envTable->CallStaticLongMethodV = local::CallStaticLongMethodV;
  envTable->CallStaticLongMethod = local::CallStaticLongMethod;
  envTable->CallStaticFloatMethodV = local::CallStaticFloatMethodV;
  envTable->CallStaticFloatMethod = local::CallStaticFloatMethod;
  envTable->CallStaticDoubleMethodV = local::CallStaticDoubleMethodV;
  envTable->CallStaticDoubleMethod = local::CallStaticDoubleMethod;
  envTable->CallStaticVoidMethodV = local::CallStaticVoidMethodV;
  envTable->CallStaticVoidMethod = local::CallStaticVoidMethod;
  envTable->GetStaticFieldID = local::GetStaticFieldID;
  envTable->GetObjectField = local::GetObjectField;
  envTable->GetBooleanField = local::GetBooleanField;
  envTable->GetByteField = local::GetByteField;
  envTable->GetCharField = local::GetCharField;
  envTable->GetShortField = local::GetShortField;
  envTable->GetIntField = local::GetIntField;
  envTable->GetLongField = local::GetLongField;
  envTable->GetFloatField = local::GetFloatField;
  envTable->GetDoubleField = local::GetDoubleField;
  envTable->SetObjectField = local::SetObjectField;
  envTable->SetBooleanField = local::SetBooleanField;
  envTable->SetByteField = local::SetByteField;
  envTable->SetCharField = local::SetCharField;
  envTable->SetShortField = local::SetShortField;
  envTable->SetIntField = local::SetIntField;
  envTable->SetLongField = local::SetLongField;
  envTable->SetFloatField = local::SetFloatField;
  envTable->SetDoubleField = local::SetDoubleField;
  envTable->GetStaticObjectField = local::GetStaticObjectField;
  envTable->GetStaticBooleanField = local::GetStaticBooleanField;
  envTable->GetStaticByteField = local::GetStaticByteField;
  envTable->GetStaticCharField = local::GetStaticCharField;
  envTable->GetStaticShortField = local::GetStaticShortField;
  envTable->GetStaticIntField = local::GetStaticIntField;
  envTable->GetStaticLongField = local::GetStaticLongField;
  envTable->GetStaticFloatField = local::GetStaticFloatField;
  envTable->GetStaticDoubleField = local::GetStaticDoubleField;
  envTable->SetStaticObjectField = local::SetStaticObjectField;
  envTable->SetStaticBooleanField = local::SetStaticBooleanField;
  envTable->SetStaticByteField = local::SetStaticByteField;
  envTable->SetStaticCharField = local::SetStaticCharField;
  envTable->SetStaticShortField = local::SetStaticShortField;
  envTable->SetStaticIntField = local::SetStaticIntField;
  envTable->SetStaticLongField = local::SetStaticLongField;
  envTable->SetStaticFloatField = local::SetStaticFloatField;
  envTable->SetStaticDoubleField = local::SetStaticDoubleField;
  envTable->NewGlobalRef = local::NewGlobalRef;
  envTable->NewWeakGlobalRef = local::NewGlobalRef;
  envTable->DeleteGlobalRef = local::DeleteGlobalRef;
  envTable->EnsureLocalCapacity = local::EnsureLocalCapacity;
  envTable->ExceptionOccurred = local::ExceptionOccurred;
  envTable->ExceptionDescribe = local::ExceptionDescribe;
  envTable->ExceptionClear = local::ExceptionClear;
  envTable->NewObjectArray = local::NewObjectArray;
  envTable->GetObjectArrayElement = local::GetObjectArrayElement;
  envTable->SetObjectArrayElement = local::SetObjectArrayElement;
  envTable->NewBooleanArray = local::NewBooleanArray;
  envTable->NewByteArray = local::NewByteArray;
  envTable->NewCharArray = local::NewCharArray;
  envTable->NewShortArray = local::NewShortArray;
  envTable->NewIntArray = local::NewIntArray;
  envTable->NewLongArray = local::NewLongArray;
  envTable->NewFloatArray = local::NewFloatArray;
  envTable->NewDoubleArray = local::NewDoubleArray;
  envTable->GetBooleanArrayElements = local::GetBooleanArrayElements;
  envTable->GetByteArrayElements = local::GetByteArrayElements;
  envTable->GetCharArrayElements = local::GetCharArrayElements;
  envTable->GetShortArrayElements = local::GetShortArrayElements;
  envTable->GetIntArrayElements = local::GetIntArrayElements;
  envTable->GetLongArrayElements = local::GetLongArrayElements;
  envTable->GetFloatArrayElements = local::GetFloatArrayElements;
  envTable->GetDoubleArrayElements = local::GetDoubleArrayElements;
  envTable->ReleaseBooleanArrayElements = local::ReleaseBooleanArrayElements;
  envTable->ReleaseByteArrayElements = local::ReleaseByteArrayElements;
  envTable->ReleaseCharArrayElements = local::ReleaseCharArrayElements;
  envTable->ReleaseShortArrayElements = local::ReleaseShortArrayElements;
  envTable->ReleaseIntArrayElements = local::ReleaseIntArrayElements;
  envTable->ReleaseLongArrayElements = local::ReleaseLongArrayElements;
  envTable->ReleaseFloatArrayElements = local::ReleaseFloatArrayElements;
  envTable->ReleaseDoubleArrayElements = local::ReleaseDoubleArrayElements;
  envTable->GetBooleanArrayRegion = local::GetBooleanArrayRegion;
  envTable->GetByteArrayRegion = local::GetByteArrayRegion;
  envTable->GetCharArrayRegion = local::GetCharArrayRegion;
  envTable->GetShortArrayRegion = local::GetShortArrayRegion;
  envTable->GetIntArrayRegion = local::GetIntArrayRegion;
  envTable->GetLongArrayRegion = local::GetLongArrayRegion;
  envTable->GetFloatArrayRegion = local::GetFloatArrayRegion;
  envTable->GetDoubleArrayRegion = local::GetDoubleArrayRegion;
  envTable->SetBooleanArrayRegion = local::SetBooleanArrayRegion;
  envTable->SetByteArrayRegion = local::SetByteArrayRegion;
  envTable->SetCharArrayRegion = local::SetCharArrayRegion;
  envTable->SetShortArrayRegion = local::SetShortArrayRegion;
  envTable->SetIntArrayRegion = local::SetIntArrayRegion;
  envTable->SetLongArrayRegion = local::SetLongArrayRegion;
  envTable->SetFloatArrayRegion = local::SetFloatArrayRegion;
  envTable->SetDoubleArrayRegion = local::SetDoubleArrayRegion;
  envTable->GetPrimitiveArrayCritical = local::GetPrimitiveArrayCritical;
  envTable->ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical
    = local::ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical;
  envTable->RegisterNatives = local::RegisterNatives;
  envTable->UnregisterNatives = local::UnregisterNatives;
  envTable->MonitorEnter = local::MonitorEnter;
  envTable->MonitorExit = local::MonitorExit;
  envTable->GetJavaVM = local::GetJavaVM;
  envTable->IsSameObject = local::IsSameObject;
}

} // namespace vm

#define BOOTSTRAP_PROPERTY "avian.bootstrap"
#define CRASHDIR_PROPERTY "avian.crash.dir"
#define EMBED_PREFIX_PROPERTY "avian.embed.prefix"
#define CLASSPATH_PROPERTY "java.class.path"
#define JAVA_HOME_PROPERTY "java.home"
#define BOOTCLASSPATH_PREPEND_OPTION "bootclasspath/p"
#define BOOTCLASSPATH_OPTION "bootclasspath"
#define BOOTCLASSPATH_APPEND_OPTION "bootclasspath/a"
#define BOOTCLASSPATH_APPEND_OPTION "bootclasspath/a"

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
JNI_GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs(void*)
{
  return 0;
}

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
JNI_CreateJavaVM(Machine** m, Thread** t, void* args)
{
  local::JavaVMInitArgs* a = static_cast<local::JavaVMInitArgs*>(args);

  unsigned heapLimit = 0;
  const char* bootLibrary = 0;
  const char* classpath = 0;
  const char* javaHome = AVIAN_JAVA_HOME;
  const char* embedPrefix = AVIAN_EMBED_PREFIX;
  const char* bootClasspathPrepend = "";
  const char* bootClasspath = 0;
  const char* bootClasspathAppend = "";
  const char* crashDumpDirectory = 0;

  unsigned propertyCount = 0;

  for (int i = 0; i < a->nOptions; ++i) {
    if (strncmp(a->options[i].optionString, "-X", 2) == 0) {
      const char* p = a->options[i].optionString + 2;
      if (strncmp(p, "mx", 2) == 0) {
        heapLimit = local::parseSize(p + 2);
      } else if (strncmp(p, BOOTCLASSPATH_PREPEND_OPTION ":",
                         sizeof(BOOTCLASSPATH_PREPEND_OPTION)) == 0)
      {
        bootClasspathPrepend = p + sizeof(BOOTCLASSPATH_PREPEND_OPTION);
      } else if (strncmp(p, BOOTCLASSPATH_OPTION ":",
                         sizeof(BOOTCLASSPATH_OPTION)) == 0)
      {
        bootClasspath = p + sizeof(BOOTCLASSPATH_OPTION);
      } else if (strncmp(p, BOOTCLASSPATH_APPEND_OPTION ":",
                         sizeof(BOOTCLASSPATH_APPEND_OPTION)) == 0)
      {
        bootClasspathAppend = p + sizeof(BOOTCLASSPATH_APPEND_OPTION);
      }
    } else if (strncmp(a->options[i].optionString, "-D", 2) == 0) {
      const char* p = a->options[i].optionString + 2;
      if (strncmp(p, BOOTSTRAP_PROPERTY "=",
                  sizeof(BOOTSTRAP_PROPERTY)) == 0)
      {
        bootLibrary = p + sizeof(BOOTSTRAP_PROPERTY);
      } else if (strncmp(p, CRASHDIR_PROPERTY "=",
                         sizeof(CRASHDIR_PROPERTY)) == 0)
      {
        crashDumpDirectory = p + sizeof(CRASHDIR_PROPERTY);
      } else if (strncmp(p, CLASSPATH_PROPERTY "=",
                         sizeof(CLASSPATH_PROPERTY)) == 0)
      {
        classpath = p + sizeof(CLASSPATH_PROPERTY);
      } else if (strncmp(p, JAVA_HOME_PROPERTY "=",
                         sizeof(JAVA_HOME_PROPERTY)) == 0)
      {
        javaHome = p + sizeof(JAVA_HOME_PROPERTY);
      } else if (strncmp(p, EMBED_PREFIX_PROPERTY "=",
                         sizeof(EMBED_PREFIX_PROPERTY)) == 0)
      {
        embedPrefix = p + sizeof(EMBED_PREFIX_PROPERTY);
      }

      ++ propertyCount;
    }
  }

  if (heapLimit == 0) heapLimit = 128 * 1024 * 1024;
  
  if (classpath == 0) classpath = ".";
  
  System* s = makeSystem(crashDumpDirectory);
  Heap* h = makeHeap(s, heapLimit);
  Classpath* c = makeClasspath(s, h, javaHome, embedPrefix);

  if (bootClasspath == 0) {
    bootClasspath = c->bootClasspath();
  }

  unsigned bcppl = strlen(bootClasspathPrepend);
  unsigned bcpl = strlen(bootClasspath);
  unsigned bcpal = strlen(bootClasspathAppend);

  unsigned bootClasspathBufferSize = bcppl + bcpl + bcpal + 3;
  RUNTIME_ARRAY(char, bootClasspathBuffer, bootClasspathBufferSize);
  char* bootClasspathPointer = RUNTIME_ARRAY_BODY(bootClasspathBuffer);
  local::append(&bootClasspathPointer, bootClasspathPrepend, bcppl,
                bcpl + bcpal ? PATH_SEPARATOR : 0);
  local::append(&bootClasspathPointer, bootClasspath, bcpl,
                bcpal ? PATH_SEPARATOR : 0);
  local::append(&bootClasspathPointer, bootClasspathAppend, bcpal, 0);

  Finder* bf = makeFinder
    (s, h, RUNTIME_ARRAY_BODY(bootClasspathBuffer), bootLibrary);
  Finder* af = makeFinder(s, h, classpath, bootLibrary);
  Processor* p = makeProcessor(s, h, true);

  const char** properties = static_cast<const char**>
    (h->allocate(sizeof(const char*) * propertyCount));
  const char** propertyPointer = properties;
  for (int i = 0; i < a->nOptions; ++i) {
    if (strncmp(a->options[i].optionString, "-D", 2) == 0) {
      *(propertyPointer++) = a->options[i].optionString + 2;
    }
  }

  *m = new (h->allocate(sizeof(Machine)))
    Machine(s, h, bf, af, p, c, properties, propertyCount);

  *t = p->makeThread(*m, 0, 0);

  local::boot(*t);

  return 0;
}