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Replace 'python' with 'python3' in apt-get install command line, and refactor for clarity. Change-type: patch
170 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
170 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
# balena CLI Advanced Installation Options
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**These are alternative, advanced installation options. Most users would prefer the [recommended,
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streamlined installation
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instructions](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/INSTALL.md).**
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There are 3 options to choose from to install balena's CLI:
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* [Executable Installer](#executable-installer): the easiest method on Windows and macOS, using the
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traditional graphical desktop application installers.
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* [Standalone Zip Package](#standalone-zip-package): these are plain zip files with the balena CLI
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executable in them: extract and run. Available for all platforms: Linux, Windows, macOS.
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Recommended also for scripted installation in CI (continuous integration) environments.
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* [NPM Installation](#npm-installation): recommended for Node.js developers who may be interested
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in integrating the balena CLI in their existing projects or workflow.
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Some specific CLI commands have a few extra installation steps: see section [Additional
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Dependencies](#additional-dependencies).
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## Executable Installer
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This is the recommended installation option on macOS and Windows. Follow the specific OS
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instructions:
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* [Windows](./INSTALL-WINDOWS.md)
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* [macOS](./INSTALL-MAC.md)
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> Note regarding WSL ([Windows Subsystem for
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> Linux](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about))
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> If you would like to use WSL, follow the [installations instructions for
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> Linux](./INSTALL-LINUX.md) rather than Windows, as WSL consists of a Linux environment.
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If you had previously installed the CLI using a standalone zip package, it may be a good idea to
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check your system's `PATH` environment variable for duplicate entries, as the terminal will use the
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entry that comes first. Check the [Standalone Zip Package](#standalone-zip-package) instructions
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for how to modify the PATH variable.
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By default, the CLI is installed to the following folders:
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OS | Folders
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--- | ---
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Windows: | `C:\Program Files\balena-cli\`
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macOS: | `/usr/local/lib/balena-cli/` <br> `/usr/local/bin/balena`
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## Standalone Zip Package
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1. Download the latest zip file from the [releases page](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/releases).
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Look for a file name that ends with the word "standalone", for example:
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`balena-cli-vX.Y.Z-linux-x64-standalone.zip` ← _also for the Windows Subsystem for Linux_
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`balena-cli-vX.Y.Z-macOS-x64-standalone.zip`
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`balena-cli-vX.Y.Z-windows-x64-standalone.zip`
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2. Extract the zip file contents to any folder you choose. The extracted contents will include a
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`balena-cli` folder.
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3. Add the `balena-cli` folder to the system's `PATH` environment variable.
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See instructions for:
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[Linux](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14637979/how-to-permanently-set-path-on-linux-unix) |
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[macOS](https://www.architectryan.com/2012/10/02/add-to-the-path-on-mac-os-x-mountain-lion/#.Uydjga1dXDg) |
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[Windows](https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000549.htm)
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> * If you are using macOS 10.15 or later (Catalina, Big Sur), [check this known issue and
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> workaround](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/issues/2244).
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> * **Linux Alpine** and **Busybox:** the standalone zip package is not currently compatible with
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> these "compact" Linux distributions, because of the alternative C libraries they ship with.
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> For these, consider the [NPM Installation](#npm-installation) option.
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> * Note that moving the `balena` executable out of the extracted `balena-cli` folder on its own
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> (e.g. moving it to `/usr/local/bin/balena`) will **not** work, as it depends on the other
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> folders and files also present in the `balena-cli` folder.
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To update the CLI to a new version, download a new release zip file and replace the previous
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installation folder. To uninstall, simply delete the folder and edit the PATH environment variable
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as described above.
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## NPM Installation
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If you are a Node.js developer, you may wish to install the balena CLI via [npm](https://www.npmjs.com).
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The npm installation involves building native (platform-specific) binary modules, which require
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some development tools to be installed first, as follows.
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> **The balena CLI currently requires Node.js version 10 (min 10.20.0) or 12.**
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> **Versions 13 and later are not yet fully supported.**
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### Install development tools
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#### **Linux or WSL** (Windows Subsystem for Linux)
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```sh
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$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install curl python3 git make g++
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$ curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash
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$ . ~/.bashrc
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$ nvm install 12
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```
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The `curl` command line above uses
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[nvm](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/blob/master/README.md#install--update-script) to install
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Node.js, instead of using `apt-get`. Installing Node.js through `apt-get` is a common source of
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problems from permission errors to conflict with other system packages, and therefore not
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recommended.
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#### **macOS**
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* Download and install Apple's Command Line Tools from https://developer.apple.com/downloads/
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* Install Node.js through [nvm](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/blob/master/README.md#install--update-script):
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```sh
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$ curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash
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$ . ~/.bashrc
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$ nvm install 12
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```
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#### **Windows** (not WSL)
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Install:
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* Node.js v12 from the [Nodejs.org releases page](https://nodejs.org/en/download/releases/).
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* If you'd like the ability to switch between Node.js versions, install
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[nvm-windows](https://github.com/coreybutler/nvm-windows#node-version-manager-nvm-for-windows)
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instead.
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* The [MSYS2 shell](https://www.msys2.org/), which provides `git`, `make`, `g++` and more:
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* `pacman -S git gcc make openssh p7zip`
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* [Set a Windows environment variable](https://www.onmsft.com/how-to/how-to-set-an-environment-variable-in-windows-10): `MSYS2_PATH_TYPE=inherit`
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* Note that a bug in the MSYS2 launch script (`msys2_shell.cmd`) makes text-based
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interactive CLI menus to misbehave. [Check this Github issue for a
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workaround](https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/1633#issuecomment-240583890).
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* The Windows Driver Kit (WDK), which is needed to compile some native Node modules. It is **not**
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necessary to install Visual Studio, only the WDK, which is "step 2" in the following guides:
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* [WDK for Windows 10](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/download-the-wdk#download-icon-step-2-install-refreshed-wdk-for-windows-10-version-2004)
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* [WDK for earlier versions of Windows](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/other-wdk-downloads#step-2-install-the-wdk)
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* The [windows-build-tools](https://www.npmjs.com/package/windows-build-tools) npm package,
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by running the following command on an [administrator
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console](https://www.howtogeek.com/194041/how-to-open-the-command-prompt-as-administrator-in-windows-8.1/):
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`npm install --global --production windows-build-tools`
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### Install the balena CLI
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After installing the development tools, install the balena CLI with:
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```sh
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$ npm install balena-cli --global --production --unsafe-perm
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```
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`--unsafe-perm` is needed when `npm install` is executed as the `root` user (e.g. in a Docker
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container) in order to allow npm scripts like `postinstall` to be executed.
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## Additional Dependencies
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The `balena ssh`, `scan`, `build`, `deploy` and `preload` commands may require
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additional software to be installed. Check the Additional Dependencies sections for each operating
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system:
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* [Windows](./INSTALL-WINDOWS.md#additional-dependencies)
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* [macOS](./INSTALL-MAC.md#additional-dependencies)
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* [Linux](./INSTALL-LINUX.md#additional-dependencies)
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Where Docker or balenaEngine are required, they may be installed on the local machine (where the
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balena CLI is executed), on a remote server, or on a balenaOS device running a [balenaOS development
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image](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/OS/overview/2.x/#dev-vs-prod-images). Reasons why this
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may be desirable include:
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* To avoid having to install Docker on the development machine / laptop.
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* To take advantage of a more powerful server (CPU, memory).
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* To build or run images "natively" on an ARM device, avoiding the need for QEMU emulation.
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To use a remote Docker Engine (daemon) or balenaEngine, specify the remote machine's IP address and
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port number with the `--dockerHost` and `--dockerPort` command-line options. The `preload` command
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has additional requirements because the bind mount feature is used. For more details, see
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`balena help` for each command or the [online
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reference](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/cli/#cli-command-reference).
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