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182 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
182 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
# balena CLI
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The official balena Command Line Interface.
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[](http://badge.fury.io/js/balena-cli)
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[](https://david-dm.org/balena-io/balena-cli)
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## About
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The balena CLI is a Command Line Interface for [balenaCloud](https://www.balena.io/cloud/) or
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[openBalena](https://www.balena.io/open/). It is a software tool available for Windows, macOS and
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Linux, used through a command prompt / terminal window. It can be used interactively or invoked in
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scripts. The balena CLI builds on the [balena API](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/api/overview/)
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and the [balena SDK](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/sdk/node-sdk/), and can also be directly
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imported in Node.js applications. The balena CLI is an [open-source project on
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GitHub](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/), and your contribution is also welcome!
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## Installation
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Check the [balena CLI installation instructions on
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GitHub](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/INSTALL.md).
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## Choosing a shell (command prompt/terminal)
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On **Windows,** the standard Command Prompt (`cmd.exe`) and
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[PowerShell](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/getting-started/getting-started-with-windows-powershell?view=powershell-6)
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are supported. Alternative shells include:
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* [MSYS2](https://www.msys2.org/):
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* Install additional packages with the command:
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`pacman -S git gcc make openssh p7zip`
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* [Set a Windows environment variable](https://www.onmsft.com/how-to/how-to-set-an-environment-variable-in-windows-10): `MSYS2_PATH_TYPE=inherit`
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* Note that a bug in the MSYS2 launch script (`msys2_shell.cmd`) makes text-based interactive CLI
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menus to break. [Check this Github issue for a
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workaround](https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/1633#issuecomment-240583890).
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* [MSYS](http://www.mingw.org/wiki/MSYS)
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* [Git for Windows](https://git-for-windows.github.io/)
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* During the installation, you will be prompted to choose between _"Use MinTTY"_ and _"Use
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Windows' default console window"._ Choose the latter, because of the same [MSYS2
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bug](https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/1633) mentioned above (Git for Windows
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actually uses MSYS2). For a screenshot, check this
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[comment](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/issues/598#issuecomment-556513098).
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* Microsoft's [Windows Subsystem for Linux](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about)
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(WSL). In this case, a Linux distribution like Ubuntu is installed via the Microsoft Store, and a
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balena CLI release **for Linux** should be selected. See
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[FAQ](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/TROUBLESHOOTING.md) for using the
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balena CLI with WSL and Docker Desktop for Windows.
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On **macOS** and **Linux,** the standard terminal window is supported. Optionally, `bash` command
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auto completion may be enabled by copying the
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[balena_comp](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/completion/balena-completion.bash)
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file to your system's `bash_completion` directory: check [Docker's command completion
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guide](https://docs.docker.com/compose/completion/) for system setup instructions.
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## Logging in
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Several CLI commands require access to your balenaCloud account, for example in order to push a
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new release to your fleet. Those commands require creating a CLI login session by running:
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```sh
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$ balena login
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```
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## Proxy support
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HTTP(S) proxies can be configured through any of the following methods, in precedence order
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(from higher to lower):
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* The `BALENARC_PROXY` environment variable in URL format, with protocol (`http` or `https`),
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host, port and optionally basic auth. Examples:
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* `export BALENARC_PROXY='https://bob:secret@proxy.company.com:12345'`
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* `export BALENARC_PROXY='http://localhost:8000'`
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* The `proxy` setting in the [CLI config
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file](https://www.npmjs.com/package/balena-settings-client#documentation). It may be:
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* A string in URL format, e.g. `proxy: 'http://localhost:8000'`
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* An object in the format:
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```yaml
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proxy:
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protocol: 'http'
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host: 'proxy.company.com'
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port: 12345
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proxyAuth: 'bob:secret'
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```
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* The `HTTPS_PROXY` and/or `HTTP_PROXY` environment variables, in the same URL format as
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`BALENARC_PROXY`.
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### Proxy setup for balena ssh
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In order to work behind a proxy server, the `balena ssh` command requires the
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[`proxytunnel`](http://proxytunnel.sourceforge.net/) package (command-line tool) to be installed.
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`proxytunnel` is available for Linux distributions like Ubuntu/Debian (`apt install proxytunnel`),
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and for macOS through [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/). Windows support is limited to the [Windows
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Subsystem for Linux](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about) (e.g., by installing
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Ubuntu through the Microsoft App Store).
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Ensure that the proxy server is configured to allow proxy requests to ssh port 22, using
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SSL encryption. For example, in the case of the [Squid](http://www.squid-cache.org/) proxy
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server, it should be configured with the following rules in the `squid.conf` file:
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`acl SSL_ports port 22`
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`acl Safe_ports port 22`
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### Proxy exclusion
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The `BALENARC_NO_PROXY` variable may be used to exclude specified destinations from proxying.
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> * This feature requires CLI version 11.30.8 or later. In the case of the npm [installation
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> option](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/INSTALL.md), it also requires
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> Node.js version 10.16.0 or later.
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> * To exclude a `balena ssh` target from proxying (IP address or `.local` hostname), the
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> `--noproxy` option should be specified in addition to the `BALENARC_NO_PROXY` variable.
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By default (if `BALENARC_NO_PROXY` is not defined), all [private IPv4
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addresses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network) and `'*.local'` hostnames are excluded
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from proxying. Other hostnames that resolve to private IPv4 addresses are **not** excluded by
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default, because matching takes place before name resolution.
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`localhost` and `127.0.0.1` are always excluded from proxying, regardless of the value of
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BALENARC_NO_PROXY.
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The format of the `BALENARC_NO_PROXY` environment variable is a comma-separated list of patterns
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that are matched against hostnames or IP addresses. For example:
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```
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export BALENARC_NO_PROXY='*.local,dev*.mycompany.com,192.168.*'
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```
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Matched patterns are excluded from proxying. Wildcard expressions are documented at
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[matcher](https://www.npmjs.com/package/matcher#usage). Matching takes place _before_ name
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resolution, so a pattern like `'192.168.*'` will **not** match a hostname that resolves to an IP
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address like `192.168.1.2`.
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## Command reference documentation
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The full CLI command reference is available [on the web](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/cli/
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) or by running `balena help --verbose`.
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## Support, FAQ and troubleshooting
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To learn more, troubleshoot issues, or to contact us for support:
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* Check the [masterclass tutorials](https://www.balena.io/docs/learn/more/masterclasses/overview/)
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* Check our [FAQ / troubleshooting document](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/TROUBLESHOOTING.md)
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* Ask us a question in the [balena forums](https://forums.balena.io/c/product-support)
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For CLI bug reports or feature requests, check the
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[CLI GitHub issues](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/issues/).
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## Deprecation policy
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The balena CLI uses [semver versioning](https://semver.org/), with the concepts
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of major, minor and patch version releases.
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The latest release of a major version of the balena CLI will remain compatible with
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the balenaCloud backend services for at least one year from the date when the
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following major version is released. For example, balena CLI v11.36.0, as the
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latest v11 release, would remain compatible with the balenaCloud backend for one
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year from the date when v12.0.0 was released.
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Half way through to that period (6 months after the release of the next major
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version), older major versions of the balena CLI will start printing a deprecation
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warning message when it is used interactively (when `stderr` is attached to a TTY
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device file). At the end of that period, older major versions will exit with an
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error message unless the `--unsupported` flag is used. This behavior was
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introduced in CLI version 12.47.0 and is also documented by `balena help`.
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To take advantage of the latest backend features and ensure compatibility, users
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are encouraged to regularly update the balena CLI to the latest version.
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## Contributing (including editing documentation files)
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Please have a look at the [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md) file for some guidance before
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submitting a pull request or updating documentation (because some files are automatically
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generated). Thank you for your help and interest!
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## License
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The project is licensed under the [Apache 2.0 License](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
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A copy is also available in the LICENSE file in this repository.
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