In case of an emergency, remember that ECE labs have emergency contact and other phone numbers posted near the lab door. Every ECE lab has a small first-aid kit near the lab entrance.
-
Report accidents and injuries immediately to T.A. and instructors.
-
There should always be more than one person in the department’s Power Systems lab.
-
Wear safety glasses when cutting wires, trimming component leads and soldering.
-
If you are new to soldering, look at several of the many tutorials on soldering on YouTube:
-
Do not touch the tip of a soldering iron to find out if it is hot.
-
Do not melt a ball of solder on the soldering iron tip and then move the tip over to the joint you want to solder. If the ball of solder drops, you will have molten droplets of solder splattering.
-
When soldering, use a fume extractor to remove and filter the fumes. Here is a YouTube video on solder fumes: www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVaN3vTXY9E.
-
Some oscilloscope inputs are floating, meaning they are completely isolated from the mains power supply. For these oscilloscopes one can safely make measurements on the main power supply. Other oscilloscopes may have their ground connection connected to the mains power supply. Consequently, one has to be very careful with these oscilloscopes when making measurements on the main power supply, otherwise one may inadvertently create a short. For a particular oscilloscope one may not know how the oscilloscope ground is connected, so a good rule to follow is to avoid making measurements on the mains power supply with an oscilloscope. The safest method is to us an isolation transformer.
-
Always wear shoes, make sure shoes have not slip soles.
-
Some components can explode, burst into flames and get hot, so be careful
-
Electrolytic capacitors are polarized, which means they have a “++ side and a “-“ side. They can burst open or even explode when they are place in a circuit incorrectly. See for example:www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnPQCZ0Sfsg. Tantalum electrolytic capacitors (if used incorrectly) can cause fire. See www.youtube.com/watch?v=sW0a9d_vWoc.
Some LEDs can “pop” or burst open and even catch fire if they are used without current-limiting resistors or the current-limiting resistor is too small. See www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXEZtePxa0U
-
Some components in a circuit can get quite hot even though they are functioning properly. For example, linear voltage regulator ICs is often bolted to heat sink to cool them down. Without a heat sink some of these ICs will get hot enough to cause severe burns.
ESE171: Principles of Digital Design Laboratory
-
-
-
Spring 2015
-
-
-
-
-
-
Lab Safety
-
-
-
- Acquaint yourself with the location of the following safety items within
- the lab.
-
-
-
- Fire extinguisher
-
-
- First aid kit
-
-
- Telephone and emergency numbers : Make sure that you have handy emergency
- phone numbers to call for assistance if necessary. The number for
- emergencies is on campus is 511. (No need to dial 8 for this number).
- If any safety questions arise, consult the lab instructor or staff for
- guidance and instructions.
-
-
-
Observing proper safety precautions is important when working in
- the laboratory to prevent harm to yourself or others. The most common hazard
- is the electric shock which can be fatal if one is not careful.
-
- Electric shock
- Shock is caused by passing an electric current through the human body.
- The severity depends mainly on the amount of current and is less function
- of the applied voltage. The threshold of electric shock is about 1 mA which
- usually gives an unpleasant tingling. For currents above 10 mA, severe
- muscle pain occurs and the victim can't let go of the conductor due to
- muscle spasm. Current between 100 mA and 200 mA (60 Hz AC) causes ventricular
- fibrillation of the heart and is most likely to be lethal.
-
What is the voltage required for a fatal current to flow? This depends
- on the skin resistance. Wet skin can have a resistance as low as 150 Ohm
- and dry skin may have a resistance of 15 kohm. Arms and legs have a resistance
- of about 100 Ohm and the trunk 200 Ohm. This implies that 110 V can cause
- about 160 mA to flow in the body if the skin is wet and thus be fatal.
- In addition skin resistance falls quickly at the point of contact, so it
- is important to break the contact as quickly as possible to prevent the
- current from rising to lethal levels.
-
-
Equipment grounding
-
Electric instruments and appliances have equipment cases that are electrically
- insulated from the wires that carry the power. The isolation is provided
- by the insulation of the wires as shown in the figure a below. However,
- if the wire insulation gets damaged and makes contact to the case, the
- case will be at the high voltage supplied by the wires. If the user touches
- the instrument he or she will feel the high voltage. If, while standing
- on a wet floor, a user simultaneously comes in contact with the instrument
- case and a pipe or faucet connected to ground, a sizable current can flow
- through him or her, as shown in Figure b. However, if the case is connected
- to the ground by use of a third (ground) wire, the current will flow from
- the hot wire directly to the ground and bypass the user as illustrated
- in figure c.
-
-
- Equipment with a three wire cord is thus much safer to use. The ground
- wire (3rd wire) which is connected to metal case, is also connected to
- the earth ground (usually a pipe or bar in the ground) through the wall
- plug outlet.
-
Safety Precautions
-
-
-
- -Do not work alone while working with high voltages or if you are using
- electrically operated machinary like a drill.
-
-
- -Never leave high voltages on when you are not present.
-
-
- -Keep one hand in your pocket when probing high voltage circuits or discharging
- capacitors.
-
-
- -Make sure all high voltage connections are adequately taped or otherwise
- insulated to prevent accidental contact by you or neighboring students.
-
-
- -After switching power off, discharge any capacitors that were in
- the circuit. Do not trust supposedly discharged capacitors. Certain types
- of capacitors can build up a residual charge after being discharged.
- Use a shorting bar across the capacitor, and keep it connected until ready
- for use.
-
-
- -If you use electrolytic capacitors, do not
-
-
-
-
- put excessive voltage across them
-
-
- put ac across them
-
-
- connect them in reverse polarity
-
-
-
-
- -Take extreme care using tools that can cause short circuits if accidental
- contact is made to other circuit elements. Only tools with insulated handles
- should be used.
-
-
- -If a person comes in contact with a high voltage, immediately shut off
- power. Do not attempt to remove a person in contact with a high voltage
- unless you are insulated from them.
-
-
- -In the event of an electrical fire do not use water. The lab fire extinguishers
- are specifically charged for electrical fires. Vacate the lab and close
- the door. Do not breath toxic smoke or fumes. Ring the fire alarm, if one
- is available.
-
-
- -Check wire current carrying capacity if you will be using high currents.
- The lab power wiring can only handle 15 Amperes continuously.
-
-
- -Make sure your leads are rated to withstand the voltages you are using.
- This includes instrument leads. Common wire insulation is rated for
- 600 Volts.
-
-
- -Avoid simultaneous touching of any metal chassis used as an enclosure
- for your circuits and any pipes in the laboratory that may make contact
- with the earth, such as a water pipe. Use a floating voltmeter to measure
- the voltage from ground to the chassis to see if a hazardous potential
- difference exists.
-
-
- -Make sure that the lab instruments are at ground potential by using the
- ground terminal supplied on the instrument.
-
-
-
-
-
- Back to the ESE171 homepage
-
-
-
diff --git a/SourceMaterialTomerge/tsysShopmanual/safety.md b/SourceMaterialTomerge/tsysShopmanual/safety.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 4efcbd6..0000000
--- a/SourceMaterialTomerge/tsysShopmanual/safety.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-**Lab Safety**
-
-
-**Acquaint yourself with the location of the following safety items
-within the lab.**
-
-
-1. Fire extinguisher
-2. First aid kit
-3. Telephone and emergency numbers : Make sure that you have handy
- emergency phone numbers to call for assistance if necessary. The
- number for emergencies is on campus is **511**. (No need to dial 8
- for this number). If any safety questions arise, consult the lab
- instructor or staff for guidance and instructions.
-
-\
-Observing proper safety precautions is important when working in the
-laboratory to prevent harm to yourself or others. The most common hazard
-is the electric shock which can be fatal if one is not careful.
-
-### Electric shock
-
-Shock is caused by passing an electric current through the human body.
-The severity depends mainly on the amount of current and is less
-function of the applied voltage. The threshold of electric shock is
-about 1 mA which usually gives an unpleasant tingling. For currents
-above 10 mA, severe muscle pain occurs and the victim can\'t let go of
-the conductor due to muscle spasm. Current between 100 mA and 200 mA (60
-Hz AC) causes ventricular fibrillation of the heart and is most likely
-to be lethal.
-
-What is the voltage required for a fatal current to flow? This depends
-on the skin resistance. Wet skin can have a resistance as low as 150 Ohm
-and dry skin may have a resistance of 15 kohm. Arms and legs have a
-resistance of about 100 Ohm and the trunk 200 Ohm. This implies that 110
-V can cause about 160 mA to flow in the body if the skin is wet and thus
-be fatal. In addition skin resistance falls quickly at the point of
-contact, so it is important to break the contact as quickly as possible
-to prevent the current from rising to lethal levels.
-
-
-
-Equipment grounding
-
-Electric instruments and appliances have equipment cases that are
-electrically insulated from the wires that carry the power. The
-isolation is provided by the insulation of the wires as shown in the
-figure a below. However, if the wire insulation gets damaged and makes
-contact to the case, the case will be at the high voltage supplied by
-the wires. If the user touches the instrument he or she will feel the
-high voltage. If, while standing on a wet floor, a user simultaneously
-comes in contact with the instrument case and a pipe or faucet connected
-to ground, a sizable current can flow through him or her, as shown in
-Figure b. However, if the case is connected to the ground by use of a
-third (ground) wire, the current will flow from the hot wire directly to
-the ground and bypass the user as illustrated in figure c.
-
-{width="423" height="331"}
-
-Equipment with a three wire cord is thus much safer to use. The ground
-wire (3rd wire) which is connected to metal case, is also connected to
-the earth ground (usually a pipe or bar in the ground) through the wall
-plug outlet.
-
-**Safety Precautions**\
-
-
-- -Do not work alone while working with high voltages or if you are
- using electrically operated machinary like a drill.
-- -Never leave high voltages on when you are not present.
-- -Keep one hand in your pocket when probing high voltage circuits or
- discharging capacitors.
-- -Make sure all high voltage connections are adequately taped or
- otherwise insulated to prevent accidental contact by you or
- neighboring students.
-- -After switching power off, discharge any capacitors that were in
- the circuit. Do not trust supposedly discharged capacitors. Certain
- types of capacitors can build up a residual charge after being
- discharged. Use a shorting bar across the capacitor, and keep it
- connected until ready for use.
-- -If you use electrolytic capacitors, do not
-- - put excessive voltage across them
- - put ac across them
- - connect them in reverse polarity
-
-- -Take extreme care using tools that can cause short circuits if
- accidental contact is made to other circuit elements. Only tools
- with insulated handles should be used.
-- -If a person comes in contact with a high voltage, immediately shut
- off power. Do not attempt to remove a person in contact with a high
- voltage unless you are insulated from them.
-- -In the event of an electrical fire do not use water. The lab fire
- extinguishers are specifically charged for electrical fires. Vacate
- the lab and close the door. Do not breath toxic smoke or fumes. Ring
- the fire alarm, if one is available.
-- -Check wire current carrying capacity if you will be using high
- currents. The lab power wiring can only handle 15 Amperes
- continuously.
-- -Make sure your leads are rated to withstand the voltages you are
- using. This includes instrument leads. Common wire insulation is
- rated for 600 Volts.
-- -Avoid simultaneous touching of any metal chassis used as an
- enclosure for your circuits and any pipes in the laboratory that may
- make contact with the earth, such as a water pipe. Use a floating
- voltmeter to measure the voltage from ground to the chassis to see
- if a hazardous potential difference exists.
-- -Make sure that the lab instruments are at ground potential by using
- the ground terminal supplied on the instrument.
diff --git a/SourceMaterialTomerge/tsysShopmanual/stage/TSYS-rANDdShopManual.md b/SourceMaterialTomerge/tsysShopmanual/stage/TSYS-rANDdShopManual.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 04fe8ff..0000000
--- a/SourceMaterialTomerge/tsysShopmanual/stage/TSYS-rANDdShopManual.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-# TSYS Shop Manual
-
-## Introduction
-
-Welcome to the TSYS Shop. TSYS Group has built the shop to further it's various components R&D operations. In the spirit of giving back, it makes the shop available
-on an invite only basis to members of the community under a mix of free, (low/at)cost, for-profit basis.
-
-This manual covers everything related to the shop and is the definitive policy/procedure/process guide for all shop operations.
-
-All users of the shop must read the manual in it's entirety before utilzing any of the shop resources.
-
-
-## Safety
-
-### Sources
-
-* https://www.engr.colostate.edu/ECE462/ECE462_motor%20lab_Appendix.pdf
-* https://ece.engineering.uiowa.edu/resources/lab-safety-guidelines
-* https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.266AppA
-* https://www.seas.upenn.edu/~ese171/general/safety.html
-* https://ehs.uconn.edu/emergency/lab-accidentfirst-aid-information/#
-
-### Overview
-
-**Acquaint yourself with the location of the following safety items
-within the shop.**
-
-* Fire extinguisher (located by roll up garage door)
-
-* First aid kit (located by roll up garage door) (next to fire extinguisher)
-
-* Telephone and emergency numbers : They are located in a laminated contact sheet
-above the work bench by the back door of the garage (right above the cordless phone)
-The number for emergencies in the lab (or anywhere on TSYS grounds) is **511**. (No need to dial 9 for this number).
-
-* Please do not call 911 from your cellular phone, as this will delay emergency response. Please use the cordless phone in the shop.
-
-* If any safety questions arise, consult the senior management team / most senir manager on site for guidance and instructions.
-
-Observing proper safety precautions is important when working in the
-shop to prevent harm to yourself or others. The most common hazard
-is electric shock which can be fatal if one is not careful.
-
-### Electric shock
-
-Shock is caused by passing an electric current through the human body.
-The severity depends mainly on the amount of current and is less
-a function of the applied voltage.
-
-The threshold of electric shock is about 1 mA which usually gives an unpleasant tingling. For currents above 10 mA, severe muscle pain occurs and the victim
-can't let go of the conductor due to muscle spasm.
-
-Current between 100 mA and 200 mA (60 Hz AC) causes ventricular fibrillation of the heart and is most likely to be lethal.
-
-What is the voltage required for a fatal current to flow? This depends
-on the skin resistance. Wet skin can have a resistance as low as 150 Ohm
-and dry skin may have a resistance of 15 kohm. Arms and legs have a
-resistance of about 100 Ohm and the trunk 200 Ohm. This implies that 110
-V can cause about 160 mA to flow in the body if the skin is wet and thus
-be fatal. In addition skin resistance falls quickly at the point of
-contact, so it is important to break the contact as quickly as possible
-to prevent the current from rising to lethal levels.
-
-### Equipment grounding
-
-Electric instruments and appliances have equipment cases that are
-electrically insulated from the wires that carry the power. The
-isolation is provided by the insulation of the wires as shown in the
-figure a below. However, if the wire insulation gets damaged and makes
-contact to the case, the case will be at the high voltage supplied by
-the wires. If the user touches the instrument he or she will feel the
-high voltage. If, while standing on a wet floor, a user simultaneously
-comes in contact with the instrument case and a pipe or faucet connected
-to ground, a sizable current can flow through him or her, as shown in
-Figure b. However, if the case is connected to the ground by use of a
-third (ground) wire, the current will flow from the hot wire directly to
-the ground and bypass the user as illustrated in figure c.
-
-{width="423" height="331"}
-
-Equipment with a three wire cord is thus much safer to use. The ground
-wire (3rd wire) which is connected to metal case, is also connected to
-the earth ground (usually a pipe or bar in the ground) through the wall
-plug outlet.
-
-### **Safety Precautions**
-
-
-* Do not work alone while working with high voltages or if you are
- using electrically operated machinary like a drill.
-
-* Never leave high voltages on when you are not present.
-* Never leave anything with a switch on when you are not present (with exception of overhead lights if leaving for a short time)
-* Keep one hand in your pocket when probing high voltage circuits or discharging capacitors.
-* Make sure all high voltage connections are adequately taped or otherwise insulated to prevent accidental contact by you or neighboring personnel.
-* After switching power off, discharge any capacitors that were in the circuit. Do not trust supposedly discharged capacitors. Certain types of capacitors can build up a residual charge after being discharged. Use a shorting bar across the capacitor, and keep it connected until ready for use.
-* If you use electrolytic capacitors, do not:
-
- * put excessive voltage across them
- * put ac across them
- * connect them in reverse polarity
-
-* Take extreme care using tools that can cause short circuits if accidental contact is made to other circuit elements. Only tools with insulated handles should be used.
-* If a person comes in contact with a high voltage, immediately shut off power. You can use the master power switches by the back door of the shop. Do not attempt to remove a person in contact with a high voltage unless you are insulated from them.
-* In the event of an electrical fire :
- * do not use water. The shop fire extinguishers are specifically charged for electrical fires.
- * Turn off the master power switches and vacate the shop (using an exit not in path of the fire) and close the doors. If safe todo so, use the cordless phone to dial 511 (and take the phone with you as you exit)
- * Do not breath toxic smoke or fumes.
-
-* Check wire current carrying capacity if you will be using high currents. The shop power wiring can only handle 15 Amperes continuously.
-* Make sure your leads are rated to withstand the voltages you are using. This includes instrument leads. Common wire insulation is rated for 600 Volts.
-* Avoid simultaneous touching of any metal chassis used as an enclosure for your circuits and any pipes in the shop that may make contact with the earth, such as a water pipe. Use a floating voltmeter to measure the voltage from ground to the chassis to see if a hazardous potential difference exists.
-* Make sure that the shop instruments are at ground potential by using the ground terminal supplied on the instrument.
-
-## Shop Inventory
-
-## Shop Capabilities
\ No newline at end of file
