tahoe-lafs/docs/historical/historical_known_issues.txt

= Known Issues =

Below is a list of known issues in older releases of Tahoe-LAFS, and how to
manage them.  The current version of this file can be found at

https://tahoe-lafs.org/source/tahoe/trunk/docs/historical/historical_known_issues.txt

Issues in newer releases of Tahoe-LAFS can be found at:

https://tahoe-lafs.org/source/tahoe/trunk/docs/known_issues.rst

== issues in Tahoe v1.8.2, released 30-Jan-2011 ==

Unauthorized deletion of an immutable file by its storage index
---------------------------------------------------------------

Due to a flaw in the Tahoe-LAFS storage server software in v1.3.0 through
v1.8.2, a person who knows the "storage index" that identifies an immutable
file can cause the server to delete its shares of that file.

If an attacker can cause enough shares to be deleted from enough storage
servers, this deletes the file.

This vulnerability does not enable anyone to read file contents without
authorization (confidentiality), nor to change the contents of a file
(integrity).

A person could learn the storage index of a file in several ways:

1. By being granted the authority to read the immutable file—i.e. by being
   granted a read capability to the file. They can determine the file's
   storage index from its read capability.

2. By being granted a verify capability to the file. They can determine the
   file's storage index from its verify capability. This case probably
   doesn't happen often because users typically don't share verify caps.

3. By operating a storage server, and receiving a request from a client that
   has a read cap or a verify cap. If the client attempts to upload,
   download, or verify the file with their storage server, even if it doesn't
   actually have the file, then they can learn the storage index of the file.

4. By gaining read access to an existing storage server's local filesystem,
   and inspecting the directory structure that it stores its shares in. They
   can thus learn the storage indexes of all files that the server is holding
   at least one share of. Normally only the operator of an existing storage
   server would be able to inspect its local filesystem, so this requires
   either being such an operator of an existing storage server, or somehow
   gaining the ability to inspect the local filesystem of an existing storage
   server.

*how to manage it*

Tahoe-LAFS version v1.8.3 or newer (except v1.9a1) no longer has this flaw;
if you upgrade a storage server to a fixed release then that server is no
longer vulnerable to this problem.

Note that the issue is local to each storage server independently of other
storage servers—when you upgrade a storage server then that particular
storage server can no longer be tricked into deleting its shares of the
target file.

If you can't immediately upgrade your storage server to a version of
Tahoe-LAFS that eliminates this vulnerability, then you could temporarily
shut down your storage server. This would of course negatively impact
availability—clients would not be able to upload or download shares to that
particular storage server while it was shut down—but it would protect the
shares already stored on that server from being deleted as long as the server
is shut down.

If the servers that store shares of your file are running a version of
Tahoe-LAFS with this vulnerability, then you should think about whether
someone can learn the storage indexes of your files by one of the methods
described above. A person can not exploit this vulnerability unless they have
received a read cap or verify cap, or they control a storage server that has
been queried about this file by a client that has a read cap or a verify cap.

Tahoe-LAFS does not currently have a mechanism to limit which storage servers
can connect to your grid, but it does have a way to see which storage servers
have been connected to the grid. The Introducer's front page in the Web User
Interface has a list of all storage servers that the Introducer has ever seen
and the first time and the most recent time that it saw them. Each Tahoe-LAFS
gateway maintains a similar list on its front page in its Web User Interface,
showing all of the storage servers that it learned about from the Introducer,
when it first connected to that storage server, and when it most recently
connected to that storage server. These lists are stored in memory and are
reset to empty when the process is restarted.

See ticket `#1528`_ for technical details.

.. _#1528: https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/1528



== issues in Tahoe v1.1.0, released 2008-06-11 ==

(Tahoe v1.1.0 was superceded by v1.2.0 which was released 2008-07-21.)

=== more than one file can match an immutable file cap ===

In Tahoe v1.0 and v1.1, a flaw in the cryptographic integrity check
makes it possible for the original uploader of an immutable file to
produce more than one immutable file matching the same capability, so
that different downloads using the same capability could result in
different files.  This flaw can be exploited only by the original
uploader of an immutable file, which means that it is not a severe
vulnerability: you can still rely on the integrity check to make sure
that the file you download with a given capability is a file that the
original uploader intended.  The only issue is that you can't assume
that every time you use the same capability to download a file you'll
get the same file.

==== how to manage it ====

This was fixed in Tahoe v1.2.0, released 2008-07-21, under ticket
#491.  Upgrade to that release of Tahoe and then you can rely on the
property that there is only one file that you can download using a
given capability.  If you are still using Tahoe v1.0 or v1.1, then
remember that the original uploader could produce multiple files that
match the same capability, so for example if someone gives you a
capability, and you use it to download a file, and you give that
capability to your friend, and he uses it to download a file, you and
your friend could get different files.


=== server out of space when writing mutable file ===

If a v1.0 or v1.1 storage server runs out of disk space or is
otherwise unable to write to its local filesystem, then problems can
ensue.  For immutable files, this will not lead to any problem (the
attempt to upload that share to that server will fail, the partially
uploaded share will be deleted from the storage server's "incoming
shares" directory, and the client will move on to using another
storage server instead).

If the write was an attempt to modify an existing mutable file,
however, a problem will result: when the attempt to write the new
share fails (e.g. due to insufficient disk space), then it will be
aborted and the old share will be left in place.  If enough such old
shares are left, then a subsequent read may get those old shares and
see the file in its earlier state, which is a "rollback" failure.
With the default parameters (3-of-10), six old shares will be enough
to potentially lead to a rollback failure.

==== how to manage it ====

Make sure your Tahoe storage servers don't run out of disk space.
This means refusing storage requests before the disk fills up. There
are a couple of ways to do that with v1.1.

First, there is a configuration option named "sizelimit" which will
cause the storage server to do a "du" style recursive examination of
its directories at startup, and then if the sum of the size of files
found therein is greater than the "sizelimit" number, it will reject
requests by clients to write new immutable shares.

However, that can take a long time (something on the order of a minute
of examination of the filesystem for each 10 GB of data stored in the
Tahoe server), and the Tahoe server will be unavailable to clients
during that time.

Another option is to set the "readonly_storage" configuration option
on the storage server before startup.  This will cause the storage
server to reject all requests to upload new immutable shares.

Note that neither of these configurations affect mutable shares: even
if sizelimit is configured and the storage server currently has
greater space used than allowed, or even if readonly_storage is
configured, servers will continue to accept new mutable shares and
will continue to accept requests to overwrite existing mutable shares.

Mutable files are typically used only for directories, and are usually
much smaller than immutable files, so if you use one of these
configurations to stop the influx of immutable files while there is
still sufficient disk space to receive an influx of (much smaller)
mutable files, you may be able to avoid the potential for "rollback"
failure.

A future version of Tahoe will include a fix for this issue.  Here is
[https://tahoe-lafs.org/pipermail/tahoe-dev/2008-May/000630.html the
mailing list discussion] about how that future version will work.


=== pyOpenSSL/Twisted defect causes false alarms in tests ===

The combination of Twisted v8.0 or Twisted v8.1 with pyOpenSSL v0.7
causes the Tahoe v1.1 unit tests to fail, even though the behavior of
Tahoe itself which is being tested is correct.

==== how to manage it ====

If you are using Twisted v8.0 or Twisted v8.1 and pyOpenSSL v0.7, then
please ignore ERROR "Reactor was unclean" in test_system and
test_introducer. Upgrading to a newer version of Twisted or pyOpenSSL
will cause those false alarms to stop happening (as will downgrading
to an older version of either of those packages).

== issues in Tahoe v1.0.0, released 2008-03-25 ==

(Tahoe v1.0 was superceded by v1.1 which was released 2008-06-11.)

=== server out of space when writing mutable file ===

In addition to the problems caused by insufficient disk space
described above, v1.0 clients which are writing mutable files when the
servers fail to write to their filesystem are likely to think the
write succeeded, when it in fact failed. This can cause data loss.

==== how to manage it ====

Upgrade client to v1.1, or make sure that servers are always able to
write to their local filesystem (including that there is space
available) as described in "server out of space when writing mutable
file" above.


=== server out of space when writing immutable file ===

Tahoe v1.0 clients are using v1.0 servers which are unable to write to
their filesystem during an immutable upload will correctly detect the
first failure, but if they retry the upload without restarting the
client, or if another client attempts to upload the same file, the
second upload may appear to succeed when it hasn't, which can lead to
data loss.

==== how to manage it ====

Upgrading either or both of the client and the server to v1.1 will fix
this issue.  Also it can be avoided by ensuring that the servers are
always able to write to their local filesystem (including that there
is space available) as described in "server out of space when writing
mutable file" above.


=== large directories or mutable files of certain sizes ===

If a client attempts to upload a large mutable file with a size
greater than about 3,139,000 and less than or equal to 3,500,000 bytes
then it will fail but appear to succeed, which can lead to data loss.

(Mutable files larger than 3,500,000 are refused outright).  The
symptom of the failure is very high memory usage (3 GB of memory) and
100% CPU for about 5 minutes, before it appears to succeed, although
it hasn't.

Directories are stored in mutable files, and a directory of
approximately 9000 entries may fall into this range of mutable file
sizes (depending on the size of the filenames or other metadata
associated with the entries).

==== how to manage it ====

This was fixed in v1.1, under ticket #379.  If the client is upgraded
to v1.1, then it will fail cleanly instead of falsely appearing to
succeed when it tries to write a file whose size is in this range.  If
the server is also upgraded to v1.1, then writes of mutable files
whose size is in this range will succeed.  (If the server is upgraded
to v1.1 but the client is still v1.0 then the client will still suffer
this failure.)


=== uploading files greater than 12 GiB ===

If a Tahoe v1.0 client uploads a file greater than 12 GiB in size, the file will
be silently corrupted so that it is not retrievable, but the client will think
that it succeeded.  This is a "data loss" failure.

==== how to manage it ====

Don't upload files larger than 12 GiB.  If you have previously uploaded files of
that size, assume that they have been corrupted and are not retrievable from the
Tahoe storage grid.  Tahoe v1.1 clients will refuse to upload files larger than
12 GiB with a clean failure.  A future release of Tahoe will remove this
limitation so that larger files can be uploaded.