This (compatibility-breaking) change moves much of the validation data and
encoding parameters out of the URI and into the so-called "thingA" block
(which will get a better name as soon as we find one we're comfortable with).
The URI retains the "storage_index" (a generalized term for the role that
we're currently using the verifierid for, the unique index for each file
that gets used by storage servers to decide which shares to return), the
decryption key, the needed_shares/total_shares counts (since they affect
peer selection), and the hash of the thingA block.
This shortens the URI and lets us add more kinds of validation data without
growing the URI (like plaintext merkle trees, to enable strong incremental
plaintext validation), at the cost of maybe 150 bytes of alacrity. Each
storage server holds an identical copy of the thingA block.
This is an incompatible change: new messages have been added to the storage
server interface, and the URI format has changed drastically.
hashtree.py: improve the methods available for finding out which hash nodes
are needed. Change set_hashes() to require that every hash provided can
be validated up to the root.
download.py: validate from the top down, including the URI-derived roothash
in the share hash tree, and stashing the thus-validated share hash for use
in the block hash tree.
Implement enough of chunk.IncompleteHashTree to be usable.
Rearrange download: all block/hash requests now go through
a ValidatedBucket instance, which is responsible for retrieving
and verifying hashes before providing validated data. Download
was changed to use ValidatedBuckets everywhere instead of
unwrapped RIBucketReader references.
Added metadata to the bucket store, which is used to hold the share number
(but the bucket doesn't know that, it just gets a string).
Modified the codec interfaces a bit.
Try to pass around URIs to/from download/upload instead of verifierids.
URI format is still in flux.
Change the current (primitive) file encoder to use a ReplicatingEncoder
because it provides ICodecEncoder. We will be moving to the (less primitive)
file encoder (currently in allmydata.encode_new) eventually, but for now
this change lets us test out PyRS or zooko's upcoming C-based RS codec in
something larger than a single unit test. This primitive file encoder only
uses a single segment, and has no merkle trees.
Also added allmydata.util.deferredutil for a DeferredList wrapper that
errbacks (but only when all component Deferreds have fired) if there were
any errors, which unfortunately is not a behavior available from the standard
DeferredList.
