hashtree.py: improve the methods available for finding out which hash nodes
are needed. Change set_hashes() to require that every hash provided can
be validated up to the root.
download.py: validate from the top down, including the URI-derived roothash
in the share hash tree, and stashing the thus-validated share hash for use
in the block hash tree.
Implement enough of chunk.IncompleteHashTree to be usable.
Rearrange download: all block/hash requests now go through
a ValidatedBucket instance, which is responsible for retrieving
and verifying hashes before providing validated data. Download
was changed to use ValidatedBuckets everywhere instead of
unwrapped RIBucketReader references.
Added metadata to the bucket store, which is used to hold the share number
(but the bucket doesn't know that, it just gets a string).
Modified the codec interfaces a bit.
Try to pass around URIs to/from download/upload instead of verifierids.
URI format is still in flux.
Change the current (primitive) file encoder to use a ReplicatingEncoder
because it provides ICodecEncoder. We will be moving to the (less primitive)
file encoder (currently in allmydata.encode_new) eventually, but for now
this change lets us test out PyRS or zooko's upcoming C-based RS codec in
something larger than a single unit test. This primitive file encoder only
uses a single segment, and has no merkle trees.
Also added allmydata.util.deferredutil for a DeferredList wrapper that
errbacks (but only when all component Deferreds have fired) if there were
any errors, which unfortunately is not a behavior available from the standard
DeferredList.
