This (compatibility-breaking) change moves much of the validation data and
encoding parameters out of the URI and into the so-called "thingA" block
(which will get a better name as soon as we find one we're comfortable with).
The URI retains the "storage_index" (a generalized term for the role that
we're currently using the verifierid for, the unique index for each file
that gets used by storage servers to decide which shares to return), the
decryption key, the needed_shares/total_shares counts (since they affect
peer selection), and the hash of the thingA block.
This shortens the URI and lets us add more kinds of validation data without
growing the URI (like plaintext merkle trees, to enable strong incremental
plaintext validation), at the cost of maybe 150 bytes of alacrity. Each
storage server holds an identical copy of the thingA block.
This is an incompatible change: new messages have been added to the storage
server interface, and the URI format has changed drastically.
Implement enough of chunk.IncompleteHashTree to be usable.
Rearrange download: all block/hash requests now go through
a ValidatedBucket instance, which is responsible for retrieving
and verifying hashes before providing validated data. Download
was changed to use ValidatedBuckets everywhere instead of
unwrapped RIBucketReader references.
Note that using "whatever version of python the name 'python' maps to in the current shell environment" is more error-prone that specifying which python you mean, such as by executing "/usr/bin/python setup.py" instead of executing "./setup.py". When you build tahoe (by running "make") it will make a copy of bin/allmydata-tahoe in instdir/bin/allmydata-tahoe with the shebang line rewritten to execute the specific version of python that was used when building instead of to execute "/usr/bin/env python".
However, it seems better that the default for lazy people be "whatever 'python' means currently" instead of "whatever 'python' meant to the manufacturer of your operating system".
