Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into 3849-refactor-out-foolscap-in-storage-server

CREDITS

@@ -260,3 +260,7 @@ D: Community-manager and documentation improvements
 N: Yash Nayani
 E: yashaswi.nram@gmail.com
 D: Installation Guide improvements
+
+N: Florian Sesser
+E: florian@private.storage
+D: OpenMetrics support

NEWS.rst

@@ -6,6 +6,83 @@ User-Visible Changes in Tahoe-LAFS
 
 .. towncrier start line
 
+
+Release 1.17.0 (2021-12-06)
+'''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+
+Security-related Changes
+------------------------
+
+- The introducer server no longer writes the sensitive introducer fURL value to its log at startup time.  Instead it writes the well-known path of the file from which this value can be read. (`#3819 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3819>`_)
+- The storage protocol operation ``add_lease`` now safely rejects an attempt to add a 4,294,967,296th lease to an immutable share.
+  Previously this failed with an error after recording the new lease in the share file, resulting in the share file losing track of a one previous lease. (`#3821 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3821>`_)
+- The storage protocol operation ``readv`` now safely rejects attempts to read negative lengths.
+  Previously these read requests were satisfied with the complete contents of the share file (including trailing metadata) starting from the specified offset. (`#3822 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3822>`_)
+- The storage server implementation now respects the ``reserved_space`` configuration value when writing lease information and recording corruption advisories.
+  Previously, new leases could be created and written to disk even when the storage server had less remaining space than the configured reserve space value.
+  Now this operation will fail with an exception and the lease will not be created.
+  Similarly, if there is no space available, corruption advisories will be logged but not written to disk. (`#3823 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3823>`_)
+- The storage server implementation no longer records corruption advisories about storage indexes for which it holds no shares. (`#3824 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3824>`_)
+- The lease-checker now uses JSON instead of pickle to serialize its state.
+
+  tahoe will now refuse to run until you either delete all pickle files or
+  migrate them using the new command::
+
+      tahoe admin migrate-crawler
+
+  This will migrate all crawler-related pickle files. (`#3825 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3825>`_)
+- The SFTP server no longer accepts password-based credentials for authentication.
+  Public/private key-based credentials are now the only supported authentication type.
+  This removes plaintext password storage from the SFTP credentials file.
+  It also removes a possible timing side-channel vulnerability which might have allowed attackers to discover an account's plaintext password. (`#3827 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3827>`_)
+- The storage server now keeps hashes of lease renew and cancel secrets for immutable share files instead of keeping the original secrets. (`#3839 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3839>`_)
+- The storage server now keeps hashes of lease renew and cancel secrets for mutable share files instead of keeping the original secrets. (`#3841 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3841>`_)
+
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Tahoe-LAFS releases now have just a .tar.gz source release and a (universal) wheel (`#3735 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3735>`_)
+- tahoe-lafs now provides its statistics also in OpenMetrics format (for Prometheus et. al.) at `/statistics?t=openmetrics`. (`#3786 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3786>`_)
+- If uploading an immutable hasn't had a write for 30 minutes, the storage server will abort the upload. (`#3807 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3807>`_)
+
+
+Bug Fixes
+---------
+
+- When uploading an immutable, overlapping writes that include conflicting data are rejected. In practice, this likely didn't happen in real-world usage. (`#3801 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3801>`_)
+
+
+Dependency/Installation Changes
+-------------------------------
+
+- Tahoe-LAFS now supports running on NixOS 21.05 with Python 3. (`#3808 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3808>`_)
+
+
+Documentation Changes
+---------------------
+
+- The news file for future releases will include a section for changes with a security impact. (`#3815 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3815>`_)
+
+
+Removed Features
+----------------
+
+- The little-used "control port" has been removed from all node types. (`#3814 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3814>`_)
+
+
+Other Changes
+-------------
+
+- Tahoe-LAFS no longer runs its Tor integration test suite on Python 2 due to the increased complexity of obtaining compatible versions of necessary dependencies. (`#3837 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3837>`_)
+
+
+Misc/Other
+----------
+
+- `#3525 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3525>`_, `#3527 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3527>`_, `#3754 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3754>`_, `#3758 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3758>`_, `#3784 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3784>`_, `#3792 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3792>`_, `#3793 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3793>`_, `#3795 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3795>`_, `#3797 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3797>`_, `#3798 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3798>`_, `#3799 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3799>`_, `#3800 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3800>`_, `#3805 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3805>`_, `#3806 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3806>`_, `#3810 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3810>`_, `#3812 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3812>`_, `#3820 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3820>`_, `#3829 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3829>`_, `#3830 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3830>`_, `#3831 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3831>`_, `#3832 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3832>`_, `#3833 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3833>`_, `#3834 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3834>`_, `#3835 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3835>`_, `#3836 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3836>`_, `#3838 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3838>`_, `#3842 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3842>`_, `#3843 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3843>`_, `#3847 <https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/3847>`_
+
+
 Release 1.16.0 (2021-09-17)
 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
 

docs/frontends/FTP-and-SFTP.rst

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ servers must be configured with a way to first authenticate a user (confirm
 that a prospective client has a legitimate claim to whatever authorities we
 might grant a particular user), and second to decide what directory cap
 should be used as the root directory for a log-in by the authenticated user.
-A username and password can be used; as of Tahoe-LAFS v1.11, RSA or DSA
+As of Tahoe-LAFS v1.17,
-public key authentication is also supported.
+RSA/DSA public key authentication is the only supported mechanism.
 
 Tahoe-LAFS provides two mechanisms to perform this user-to-cap mapping.
 The first (recommended) is a simple flat file with one account per line.
@@ -59,20 +59,14 @@ Creating an Account File
 
 To use the first form, create a file (for example ``BASEDIR/private/accounts``)
 in which each non-comment/non-blank line is a space-separated line of
-(USERNAME, PASSWORD, ROOTCAP), like so::
+(USERNAME, KEY-TYPE, PUBLIC-KEY, ROOTCAP), like so::
 
  % cat BASEDIR/private/accounts
- # This is a password line: username password cap
- alice password URI:DIR2:ioej8xmzrwilg772gzj4fhdg7a:wtiizszzz2rgmczv4wl6bqvbv33ag4kvbr6prz3u6w3geixa6m6a
- bob sekrit URI:DIR2:6bdmeitystckbl9yqlw7g56f4e:serp5ioqxnh34mlbmzwvkp3odehsyrr7eytt5f64we3k9hhcrcja
-
  # This is a public key line: username keytype pubkey cap
  # (Tahoe-LAFS v1.11 or later)
  carol ssh-rsa AAAA... URI:DIR2:ovjy4yhylqlfoqg2vcze36dhde:4d4f47qko2xm5g7osgo2yyidi5m4muyo2vjjy53q4vjju2u55mfa
 
-For public key authentication, the keytype may be either "ssh-rsa" or "ssh-dsa".
+The key type may be either "ssh-rsa" or "ssh-dsa".
-To avoid ambiguity between passwords and public key types, a password cannot
-start with "ssh-".
 
 Now add an ``accounts.file`` directive to your ``tahoe.cfg`` file, as described in
 the next sections.

integration/conftest.py

@@ -353,10 +353,23 @@ def storage_nodes(reactor, temp_dir, introducer, introducer_furl, flog_gatherer,
         nodes.append(process)
     return nodes
 
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def alice_sftp_client_key_path(temp_dir):
+    # The client SSH key path is typically going to be somewhere else (~/.ssh,
+    # typically), but for convenience sake for testing we'll put it inside node.
+    return join(temp_dir, "alice", "private", "ssh_client_rsa_key")
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
 @log_call(action_type=u"integration:alice", include_args=[], include_result=False)
-def alice(reactor, temp_dir, introducer_furl, flog_gatherer, storage_nodes, request):
+def alice(
+        reactor,
+        temp_dir,
+        introducer_furl,
+        flog_gatherer,
+        storage_nodes,
+        alice_sftp_client_key_path,
+        request,
+):
     process = pytest_twisted.blockon(
         _create_node(
             reactor, request, temp_dir, introducer_furl, flog_gatherer, "alice",
@@ -387,19 +400,13 @@ accounts.file = {accounts_path}
 """.format(ssh_key_path=host_ssh_key_path, accounts_path=accounts_path))
     generate_ssh_key(host_ssh_key_path)
 
-    # 3. Add a SFTP access file with username/password and SSH key auth.
+    # 3. Add a SFTP access file with an SSH key for auth.
-
+    generate_ssh_key(alice_sftp_client_key_path)
-    # The client SSH key path is typically going to be somewhere else (~/.ssh,
-    # typically), but for convenience sake for testing we'll put it inside node.
-    client_ssh_key_path = join(process.node_dir, "private", "ssh_client_rsa_key")
-    generate_ssh_key(client_ssh_key_path)
     # Pub key format is "ssh-rsa <thekey> <username>". We want the key.
-    ssh_public_key = open(client_ssh_key_path + ".pub").read().strip().split()[1]
+    ssh_public_key = open(alice_sftp_client_key_path + ".pub").read().strip().split()[1]
     with open(accounts_path, "w") as f:
         f.write("""\
-alice password {rwcap}
+alice-key ssh-rsa {ssh_public_key} {rwcap}
-
-alice2 ssh-rsa {ssh_public_key} {rwcap}
 """.format(rwcap=rwcap, ssh_public_key=ssh_public_key))
 
     # 4. Restart the node with new SFTP config.

integration/test_sftp.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from future.utils import PY2
 if PY2:
     from future.builtins import filter, map, zip, ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow, round, super, bytes, dict, list, object, range, str, max, min  # noqa: F401
 
+import os.path
 from posixpath import join
 from stat import S_ISDIR
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ import pytest
 from .util import generate_ssh_key, run_in_thread
 
 
-def connect_sftp(connect_args={"username": "alice", "password": "password"}):
+def connect_sftp(connect_args):
     """Create an SFTP client."""
     client = SSHClient()
     client.set_missing_host_key_policy(AutoAddPolicy)
@@ -60,24 +61,24 @@ def connect_sftp(connect_args={"username": "alice", "password": "password"}):
 @run_in_thread
 def test_bad_account_password_ssh_key(alice, tmpdir):
     """
-    Can't login with unknown username, wrong password, or wrong SSH pub key.
+    Can't login with unknown username, any password, or wrong SSH pub key.
     """
-    # Wrong password, wrong username:
+    # Any password, wrong username:
-    for u, p in [("alice", "wrong"), ("someuser", "password")]:
+    for u, p in [("alice-key", "wrong"), ("someuser", "password")]:
         with pytest.raises(AuthenticationException):
             connect_sftp(connect_args={
                 "username": u, "password": p,
             })
 
-    another_key = join(str(tmpdir), "ssh_key")
+    another_key = os.path.join(str(tmpdir), "ssh_key")
     generate_ssh_key(another_key)
-    good_key = RSAKey(filename=join(alice.node_dir, "private", "ssh_client_rsa_key"))
+    good_key = RSAKey(filename=os.path.join(alice.node_dir, "private", "ssh_client_rsa_key"))
     bad_key = RSAKey(filename=another_key)
 
     # Wrong key:
     with pytest.raises(AuthenticationException):
         connect_sftp(connect_args={
-            "username": "alice2", "pkey": bad_key,
+            "username": "alice-key", "pkey": bad_key,
         })
 
     # Wrong username:
@@ -86,13 +87,24 @@ def test_bad_account_password_ssh_key(alice, tmpdir):
             "username": "someoneelse", "pkey": good_key,
         })
 
+def sftp_client_key(node):
+    return RSAKey(
+        filename=os.path.join(node.node_dir, "private", "ssh_client_rsa_key"),
+    )
+
+def test_sftp_client_key_exists(alice, alice_sftp_client_key_path):
+    """
+    Weakly validate the sftp client key fixture by asserting that *something*
+    exists at the supposed key path.
+    """
+    assert os.path.exists(alice_sftp_client_key_path)
 
 @run_in_thread
 def test_ssh_key_auth(alice):
     """It's possible to login authenticating with SSH public key."""
-    key = RSAKey(filename=join(alice.node_dir, "private", "ssh_client_rsa_key"))
+    key = sftp_client_key(alice)
     sftp = connect_sftp(connect_args={
-        "username": "alice2", "pkey": key
+        "username": "alice-key", "pkey": key
     })
     assert sftp.listdir() == []
 
@@ -100,7 +112,10 @@ def test_ssh_key_auth(alice):
 @run_in_thread
 def test_read_write_files(alice):
     """It's possible to upload and download files."""
-    sftp = connect_sftp()
+    sftp = connect_sftp(connect_args={
+        "username": "alice-key",
+        "pkey": sftp_client_key(alice),
+    })
     with sftp.file("myfile", "wb") as f:
         f.write(b"abc")
         f.write(b"def")
@@ -117,7 +132,10 @@ def test_directories(alice):
     It's possible to create, list directories, and create and remove files in
     them.
     """
-    sftp = connect_sftp()
+    sftp = connect_sftp(connect_args={
+        "username": "alice-key",
+        "pkey": sftp_client_key(alice),
+    })
     assert sftp.listdir() == []
 
     sftp.mkdir("childdir")
@@ -148,7 +166,10 @@ def test_directories(alice):
 @run_in_thread
 def test_rename(alice):
     """Directories and files can be renamed."""
-    sftp = connect_sftp()
+    sftp = connect_sftp(connect_args={
+        "username": "alice-key",
+        "pkey": sftp_client_key(alice),
+    })
     sftp.mkdir("dir")
 
     filepath = join("dir", "file")

newsfragments/3735.feature

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Tahoe-LAFS releases now have just a .tar.gz source release and a (universal) wheel

newsfragments/3786.feature

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-tahoe-lafs now provides its statistics also in OpenMetrics format (for Prometheus et. al.) at `/statistics?t=openmetrics`.

newsfragments/3801.bugfix

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-When uploading an immutable, overlapping writes that include conflicting data are rejected. In practice, this likely didn't happen in real-world usage.

newsfragments/3807.feature

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-If uploading an immutable hasn't had a write for 30 minutes, the storage server will abort the upload.

newsfragments/3808.installation

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Tahoe-LAFS now supports running on NixOS 21.05 with Python 3.

newsfragments/3814.removed

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-The little-used "control port" has been removed from all node types.

newsfragments/3815.documentation

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-The news file for future releases will include a section for changes with a security impact.

newsfragments/3837.other

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Tahoe-LAFS no longer runs its Tor integration test suite on Python 2 due to the increased complexity of obtaining compatible versions of necessary dependencies.

nix/tahoe-lafs.nix

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 , html5lib, pyutil, distro, configparser, klein, cbor2
 }:
 python.pkgs.buildPythonPackage rec {
-  # Most of the time this is not exactly the release version (eg 1.16.0).
+  # Most of the time this is not exactly the release version (eg 1.17.0).
   # Give it a `post` component to make it look newer than the release version
   # and we'll bump this up at the time of each release.
   #
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ python.pkgs.buildPythonPackage rec {
   # is not a reproducable artifact (in the sense of "reproducable builds") so
   # it is excluded from the source tree by default.  When it is included, the
   # package tends to be frequently spuriously rebuilt.
-  version = "1.16.0.post1";
+  version = "1.17.0.post1";
   name = "tahoe-lafs-${version}";
   src = lib.cleanSourceWith {
     src = ../.;

relnotes.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-ANNOUNCING Tahoe, the Least-Authority File Store, v1.16.0
+ANNOUNCING Tahoe, the Least-Authority File Store, v1.17.0
 
-The Tahoe-LAFS team is pleased to announce version 1.16.0 of
+The Tahoe-LAFS team is pleased to announce version 1.17.0 of
 Tahoe-LAFS, an extremely reliable decentralized storage
 system. Get it with "pip install tahoe-lafs", or download a
 tarball here:
@@ -15,24 +15,17 @@ unique security and fault-tolerance properties:
 
   https://tahoe-lafs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/about.html
 
-The previous stable release of Tahoe-LAFS was v1.15.1, released on
+The previous stable release of Tahoe-LAFS was v1.16.0, released on
-March 23rd, 2021.
+October 19, 2021.
 
-The major change in this release is the completion of the Python 3
+This release fixes several security issues raised as part of an audit
-port -- while maintaining support for Python 2. A future release will
+by Cure53. We developed fixes for these issues in a private
-remove Python 2 support.
+repository. Shortly after this release, public tickets will be updated
+with further information (along with, of course, all the code).
 
-The previously deprecated subcommands "start", "stop", "restart" and
+There is also OpenMetrics support now and several bug fixes.
-"daemonize" have been removed. You must now use "tahoe run" (possibly
-along with your favourite daemonization software).
 
-Several features are now removed: the Account Server, stats-gatherer
+In all, 46 issues have been fixed since the last release.
-and FTP support.
-
-There are several dependency changes that will be interesting for
-distribution maintainers.
-
-In all, 240 issues have been fixed since the last release.
 
 Please see ``NEWS.rst`` for a more complete list of changes.
 
@@ -151,19 +144,19 @@ solely as a labor of love by volunteers. Thank you very much
 to the team of "hackers in the public interest" who make
 Tahoe-LAFS possible.
 
-fenn-cs + meejah
+meejah
 on behalf of the Tahoe-LAFS team
 
-October 19, 2021
+December 6, 2021
 Planet Earth
 
 
-[1] https://github.com/tahoe-lafs/tahoe-lafs/blob/tahoe-lafs-1.16.0/NEWS.rst
+[1] https://github.com/tahoe-lafs/tahoe-lafs/blob/tahoe-lafs-1.17.0/NEWS.rst
 [2] https://github.com/tahoe-lafs/tahoe-lafs/blob/master/docs/known_issues.rst
 [3] https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/wiki/RelatedProjects
-[4] https://github.com/tahoe-lafs/tahoe-lafs/blob/tahoe-lafs-1.16.0/COPYING.GPL
+[4] https://github.com/tahoe-lafs/tahoe-lafs/blob/tahoe-lafs-1.17.0/COPYING.GPL
-[5] https://github.com/tahoe-lafs/tahoe-lafs/blob/tahoe-lafs-1.16.0/COPYING.TGPPL.rst
+[5] https://github.com/tahoe-lafs/tahoe-lafs/blob/tahoe-lafs-1.17.0/COPYING.TGPPL.rst
-[6] https://tahoe-lafs.readthedocs.org/en/tahoe-lafs-1.16.0/INSTALL.html
+[6] https://tahoe-lafs.readthedocs.org/en/tahoe-lafs-1.17.0/INSTALL.html
 [7] https://lists.tahoe-lafs.org/mailman/listinfo/tahoe-dev
 [8] https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/roadmap
 [9] https://github.com/tahoe-lafs/tahoe-lafs/blob/master/CREDITS

src/allmydata/frontends/auth.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ if PY2:
 
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from twisted.internet import defer
-from twisted.cred import error, checkers, credentials
+from twisted.cred import checkers, credentials
 from twisted.conch.ssh import keys
 from twisted.conch.checkers import SSHPublicKeyChecker, InMemorySSHKeyDB
 
@@ -32,65 +32,93 @@ class FTPAvatarID(object):
 
 @implementer(checkers.ICredentialsChecker)
 class AccountFileChecker(object):
-    credentialInterfaces = (credentials.IUsernamePassword,
+    credentialInterfaces = (credentials.ISSHPrivateKey,)
-                            credentials.IUsernameHashedPassword,
+
-                            credentials.ISSHPrivateKey)
     def __init__(self, client, accountfile):
         self.client = client
-        self.passwords = BytesKeyDict()
+        path = abspath_expanduser_unicode(accountfile)
-        pubkeys = BytesKeyDict()
+        with open_account_file(path) as f:
-        self.rootcaps = BytesKeyDict()
+            self.rootcaps, pubkeys = load_account_file(f)
-        with open(abspath_expanduser_unicode(accountfile), "rb") as f:
-            for line in f:
-                line = line.strip()
-                if line.startswith(b"#") or not line:
-                    continue
-                name, passwd, rest = line.split(None, 2)
-                if passwd.startswith(b"ssh-"):
-                    bits = rest.split()
-                    keystring = b" ".join([passwd] + bits[:-1])
-                    key = keys.Key.fromString(keystring)
-                    rootcap = bits[-1]
-                    pubkeys[name] = [key]
-                else:
-                    self.passwords[name] = passwd
-                    rootcap = rest
-                self.rootcaps[name] = rootcap
         self._pubkeychecker = SSHPublicKeyChecker(InMemorySSHKeyDB(pubkeys))
 
     def _avatarId(self, username):
         return FTPAvatarID(username, self.rootcaps[username])
 
-    def _cbPasswordMatch(self, matched, username):
-        if matched:
-            return self._avatarId(username)
-        raise error.UnauthorizedLogin
-
     def requestAvatarId(self, creds):
         if credentials.ISSHPrivateKey.providedBy(creds):
             d = defer.maybeDeferred(self._pubkeychecker.requestAvatarId, creds)
             d.addCallback(self._avatarId)
             return d
-        elif credentials.IUsernameHashedPassword.providedBy(creds):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
-            return self._checkPassword(creds)
-        elif credentials.IUsernamePassword.providedBy(creds):
-            return self._checkPassword(creds)
-        else:
-            raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def _checkPassword(self, creds):
+def open_account_file(path):
-        """
+    """
-        Determine whether the password in the given credentials matches the
+    Open and return the accounts file at the given path.
-        password in the account file.
+    """
+    return open(path, "rt", encoding="utf-8")
 
-        Returns a Deferred that fires with the username if the password matches
+def load_account_file(lines):
-        or with an UnauthorizedLogin failure otherwise.
+    """
-        """
+    Load credentials from an account file.
-        try:
-            correct = self.passwords[creds.username]
-        except KeyError:
-            return defer.fail(error.UnauthorizedLogin())
 
-        d = defer.maybeDeferred(creds.checkPassword, correct)
+    :param lines: An iterable of account lines to load.
-        d.addCallback(self._cbPasswordMatch, creds.username)
+
-        return d
+    :return: See ``create_account_maps``.
+    """
+    return create_account_maps(
+        parse_accounts(
+            content_lines(
+                lines,
+            ),
+        ),
+    )
+
+def content_lines(lines):
+    """
+    Drop empty and commented-out lines (``#``-prefixed) from an iterator of
+    lines.
+
+    :param lines: An iterator of lines to process.
+
+    :return: An iterator of lines including only those from ``lines`` that
+        include content intended to be loaded.
+    """
+    for line in lines:
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line and not line.startswith("#"):
+            yield line
+
+def parse_accounts(lines):
+    """
+    Parse account lines into their components (name, key, rootcap).
+    """
+    for line in lines:
+        name, passwd, rest = line.split(None, 2)
+        if not passwd.startswith("ssh-"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Password-based authentication is not supported; "
+                "configure key-based authentication instead."
+            )
+
+        bits = rest.split()
+        keystring = " ".join([passwd] + bits[:-1])
+        key = keys.Key.fromString(keystring)
+        rootcap = bits[-1]
+        yield (name, key, rootcap)
+
+def create_account_maps(accounts):
+    """
+    Build mappings from account names to keys and rootcaps.
+
+    :param accounts: An iterator if (name, key, rootcap) tuples.
+
+    :return: A tuple of two dicts.  The first maps account names to rootcaps.
+        The second maps account names to public keys.
+    """
+    rootcaps = BytesKeyDict()
+    pubkeys = BytesKeyDict()
+    for (name, key, rootcap) in accounts:
+        name_bytes = name.encode("utf-8")
+        rootcaps[name_bytes] = rootcap.encode("utf-8")
+        pubkeys[name_bytes] = [key]
+    return rootcaps, pubkeys

src/allmydata/interfaces.py

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ WriteEnablerSecret = Hash # used to protect mutable share modifications
 LeaseRenewSecret = Hash # used to protect lease renewal requests
 LeaseCancelSecret = Hash # was used to protect lease cancellation requests
 
+class NoSpace(Exception):
+    """Storage space was not available for a space-allocating operation."""
 
 class DataTooLargeError(Exception):
     """The write went past the expected size of the bucket."""

src/allmydata/introducer/server.py

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class _IntroducerNode(node.Node):
             os.rename(old_public_fn, private_fn)
         furl = self.tub.registerReference(introducerservice,
                                           furlFile=private_fn)
-        self.log(" introducer is at %s" % furl, umid="qF2L9A")
+        self.log(" introducer can be found in {!r}".format(private_fn), umid="qF2L9A")
         self.introducer_url = furl # for tests
 
     def init_web(self, webport):

src/allmydata/scripts/admin.py

@@ -18,7 +18,17 @@ except ImportError:
     pass
 
 from twisted.python import usage
-from allmydata.scripts.common import BaseOptions
+from twisted.python.filepath import (
+    FilePath,
+)
+from allmydata.scripts.common import (
+    BaseOptions,
+    BasedirOptions,
+)
+from allmydata.storage import (
+    crawler,
+    expirer,
+)
 
 class GenerateKeypairOptions(BaseOptions):
 
@@ -65,12 +75,55 @@ def derive_pubkey(options):
     print("public:", str(ed25519.string_from_verifying_key(public_key), "ascii"), file=out)
     return 0
 
+class MigrateCrawlerOptions(BasedirOptions):
+
+    def getSynopsis(self):
+        return "Usage: tahoe [global-options] admin migrate-crawler"
+
+    def getUsage(self, width=None):
+        t = BasedirOptions.getUsage(self, width)
+        t += (
+            "The crawler data is now stored as JSON to avoid"
+            " potential security issues with pickle files.\n\nIf"
+            " you are confident the state files in the 'storage/'"
+            " subdirectory of your node are trustworthy, run this"
+            " command to upgrade them to JSON.\n\nThe files are:"
+            " lease_checker.history, lease_checker.state, and"
+            " bucket_counter.state"
+        )
+        return t
+
+
+def migrate_crawler(options):
+    out = options.stdout
+    storage = FilePath(options['basedir']).child("storage")
+
+    conversions = [
+        (storage.child("lease_checker.state"), crawler._convert_pickle_state_to_json),
+        (storage.child("bucket_counter.state"), crawler._convert_pickle_state_to_json),
+        (storage.child("lease_checker.history"), expirer._convert_pickle_state_to_json),
+    ]
+
+    for fp, converter in conversions:
+        existed = fp.exists()
+        newfp = crawler._upgrade_pickle_to_json(fp, converter)
+        if existed:
+            print("Converted '{}' to '{}'".format(fp.path, newfp.path), file=out)
+        else:
+            if newfp.exists():
+                print("Already converted: '{}'".format(newfp.path), file=out)
+            else:
+                print("Not found: '{}'".format(fp.path), file=out)
+
+
 class AdminCommand(BaseOptions):
     subCommands = [
         ("generate-keypair", None, GenerateKeypairOptions,
          "Generate a public/private keypair, write to stdout."),
         ("derive-pubkey", None, DerivePubkeyOptions,
          "Derive a public key from a private key."),
+        ("migrate-crawler", None, MigrateCrawlerOptions,
+         "Write the crawler-history data as JSON."),
         ]
     def postOptions(self):
         if not hasattr(self, 'subOptions'):
@@ -88,6 +141,7 @@ each subcommand.
 subDispatch = {
     "generate-keypair": print_keypair,
     "derive-pubkey": derive_pubkey,
+    "migrate-crawler": migrate_crawler,
     }
 
 def do_admin(options):

src/allmydata/scripts/debug.py

@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ def dump_mutable_share(options):
             print("  ownerid: %d" % lease.owner_num, file=out)
             when = format_expiration_time(lease.get_expiration_time())
             print("  expires in %s" % when, file=out)
-            print("  renew_secret: %s" % str(base32.b2a(lease.renew_secret), "utf-8"), file=out)
+            print("  renew_secret: %s" % lease.present_renew_secret(), file=out)
-            print("  cancel_secret: %s" % str(base32.b2a(lease.cancel_secret), "utf-8"), file=out)
+            print("  cancel_secret: %s" % lease.present_cancel_secret(), file=out)
             print("  secrets are for nodeid: %s" % idlib.nodeid_b2a(lease.nodeid), file=out)
     else:
         print("No leases.", file=out)

src/allmydata/scripts/tahoe_run.py

@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ from allmydata.scripts.default_nodedir import _default_nodedir
 from allmydata.util.encodingutil import listdir_unicode, quote_local_unicode_path
 from allmydata.util.configutil import UnknownConfigError
 from allmydata.util.deferredutil import HookMixin
-
+from allmydata.storage.crawler import (
+    MigratePickleFileError,
+)
 from allmydata.node import (
     PortAssignmentRequired,
     PrivacyError,
@@ -164,6 +166,18 @@ class DaemonizeTheRealService(Service, HookMixin):
                     self.stderr.write("\ntub.port cannot be 0: you must choose.\n\n")
                 elif reason.check(PrivacyError):
                     self.stderr.write("\n{}\n\n".format(reason.value))
+                elif reason.check(MigratePickleFileError):
+                    self.stderr.write(
+                        "Error\nAt least one 'pickle' format file exists.\n"
+                        "The file is {}\n"
+                        "You must either delete the pickle-format files"
+                        " or migrate them using the command:\n"
+                        "    tahoe admin migrate-crawler --basedir {}\n\n"
+                        .format(
+                            reason.value.args[0].path,
+                            self.basedir,
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
                     self.stderr.write("\nUnknown error\n")
                     reason.printTraceback(self.stderr)

src/allmydata/storage/common.py

@@ -16,11 +16,22 @@ from allmydata.util import base32
 # Backwards compatibility.
 from allmydata.interfaces import DataTooLargeError  # noqa: F401
 
-class UnknownMutableContainerVersionError(Exception):
+class UnknownContainerVersionError(Exception):
-    pass
+    def __init__(self, filename, version):
-class UnknownImmutableContainerVersionError(Exception):
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.version = version
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "sharefile {!r} had unexpected version {!r}".format(
+            self.filename,
+            self.version,
+        )
+
+class UnknownMutableContainerVersionError(UnknownContainerVersionError):
     pass
 
+class UnknownImmutableContainerVersionError(UnknownContainerVersionError):
+    pass
 
 def si_b2a(storageindex):
     return base32.b2a(storageindex)

src/allmydata/storage/crawler.py

@@ -11,23 +11,185 @@ from __future__ import print_function
 
 from future.utils import PY2, PY3
 if PY2:
-    # We don't import bytes, object, dict, and list just in case they're used,
+    from builtins import filter, map, zip, ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow, round, super, bytes, dict, list, object, range, str, max, min  # noqa: F401
-    # so as not to create brittle pickles with random magic objects.
-    from builtins import filter, map, zip, ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow, round, super, range, str, max, min  # noqa: F401
 
-import os, time, struct
+import os
-try:
+import time
-    import cPickle as pickle
+import json
-except ImportError:
+import struct
-    import pickle  # type: ignore
 from twisted.internet import reactor
 from twisted.application import service
+from twisted.python.filepath import FilePath
 from allmydata.storage.common import si_b2a
 from allmydata.util import fileutil
 
 class TimeSliceExceeded(Exception):
     pass
 
+
+class MigratePickleFileError(Exception):
+    """
+    A pickle-format file exists (the FilePath to the file will be the
+    single arg).
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+def _convert_cycle_data(state):
+    """
+    :param dict state: cycle-to-date or history-item state
+
+    :return dict: the state in the JSON form
+    """
+
+    def _convert_expiration_mode(value):
+        # original is a 4-tuple, with the last element being a 2-tuple
+        # .. convert both to lists
+        return [
+            value[0],
+            value[1],
+            value[2],
+            list(value[3]),
+        ]
+
+    def _convert_lease_age(value):
+        # if we're in cycle-to-date, this is a dict
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            return {
+                "{},{}".format(k[0], k[1]): v
+                for k, v in value.items()
+            }
+        # otherwise, it's a history-item and they're 3-tuples
+        return [
+            list(v)
+            for v in value
+        ]
+
+    converters = {
+        "configured-expiration-mode": _convert_expiration_mode,
+        "cycle-start-finish-times": list,
+        "lease-age-histogram": _convert_lease_age,
+        "corrupt-shares": lambda value: [
+            list(x)
+            for x in value
+        ],
+        "leases-per-share-histogram": lambda value: {
+            str(k): v
+            for k, v in value.items()
+        },
+    }
+    return {
+            k: converters.get(k, lambda z: z)(v)
+            for k, v in state.items()
+    }
+
+
+def _convert_pickle_state_to_json(state):
+    """
+    :param dict state: the pickled state
+
+    :return dict: the state in the JSON form
+    """
+    assert state["version"] == 1, "Only known version is 1"
+
+    converters = {
+        "cycle-to-date": _convert_cycle_data,
+    }
+    return {
+        k: converters.get(k, lambda x: x)(v)
+        for k, v in state.items()
+    }
+
+
+def _upgrade_pickle_to_json(state_path, convert_pickle):
+    """
+    :param FilePath state_path: the filepath to ensure is json
+
+    :param Callable[dict] convert_pickle: function to change
+        pickle-style state into JSON-style state
+
+    :returns FilePath: the local path where the state is stored
+
+    If this state is pickle, convert to the JSON format and return the
+    JSON path.
+    """
+    json_state_path = state_path.siblingExtension(".json")
+
+    # if there's no file there at all, we're done because there's
+    # nothing to upgrade
+    if not state_path.exists():
+        return json_state_path
+
+    # upgrade the pickle data to JSON
+    import pickle
+    with state_path.open("rb") as f:
+        state = pickle.load(f)
+    new_state = convert_pickle(state)
+    _dump_json_to_file(new_state, json_state_path)
+
+    # we've written the JSON, delete the pickle
+    state_path.remove()
+    return json_state_path
+
+
+def _confirm_json_format(fp):
+    """
+    :param FilePath fp: the original (pickle) name of a state file
+
+    This confirms that we do _not_ have the pickle-version of a
+    state-file and _do_ either have nothing, or the JSON version. If
+    the pickle-version exists, an exception is raised.
+
+    :returns FilePath: the JSON name of a state file
+    """
+    if fp.path.endswith(".json"):
+        return fp
+    jsonfp = fp.siblingExtension(".json")
+    if fp.exists():
+        raise MigratePickleFileError(fp)
+    return jsonfp
+
+
+def _dump_json_to_file(js, afile):
+    """
+    Dump the JSON object `js` to the FilePath `afile`
+    """
+    with afile.open("wb") as f:
+        data = json.dumps(js)
+        if PY2:
+            f.write(data)
+        else:
+            f.write(data.encode("utf8"))
+
+
+class _LeaseStateSerializer(object):
+    """
+    Read and write state for LeaseCheckingCrawler. This understands
+    how to read the legacy pickle format files and upgrade them to the
+    new JSON format (which will occur automatically).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, state_path):
+        self._path = _confirm_json_format(FilePath(state_path))
+
+    def load(self):
+        """
+        :returns: deserialized JSON state
+        """
+        with self._path.open("rb") as f:
+            return json.load(f)
+
+    def save(self, data):
+        """
+        Serialize the given data as JSON into the state-path
+        :returns: None
+        """
+        tmpfile = self._path.siblingExtension(".tmp")
+        _dump_json_to_file(data, tmpfile)
+        fileutil.move_into_place(tmpfile.path, self._path.path)
+        return None
+
+
 class ShareCrawler(service.MultiService):
     """A ShareCrawler subclass is attached to a StorageServer, and
     periodically walks all of its shares, processing each one in some
@@ -90,7 +252,7 @@ class ShareCrawler(service.MultiService):
             self.allowed_cpu_percentage = allowed_cpu_percentage
         self.server = server
         self.sharedir = server.sharedir
-        self.statefile = statefile
+        self._state_serializer = _LeaseStateSerializer(statefile)
         self.prefixes = [si_b2a(struct.pack(">H", i << (16-10)))[:2]
                          for i in range(2**10)]
         if PY3:
@@ -213,8 +375,7 @@ class ShareCrawler(service.MultiService):
         #                            of the last bucket to be processed, or
         #                            None if we are sleeping between cycles
         try:
-            with open(self.statefile, "rb") as f:
+            state = self._state_serializer.load()
-                state = pickle.load(f)
         except Exception:
             state = {"version": 1,
                      "last-cycle-finished": None,
@@ -250,12 +411,7 @@ class ShareCrawler(service.MultiService):
         else:
             last_complete_prefix = self.prefixes[lcpi]
         self.state["last-complete-prefix"] = last_complete_prefix
-        tmpfile = self.statefile + ".tmp"
+        self._state_serializer.save(self.get_state())
-        with open(tmpfile, "wb") as f:
-            # Newer protocols won't work in Python 2; when it is dropped,
-            # protocol v4 can be used (added in Python 3.4).
-            pickle.dump(self.state, f, protocol=2)
-        fileutil.move_into_place(tmpfile, self.statefile)
 
     def startService(self):
         # arrange things to look like we were just sleeping, so

src/allmydata/storage/expirer.py

@@ -5,15 +5,69 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from future.utils import PY2
 if PY2:
-    # We omit anything that might end up in pickle, just in case.
+    from builtins import filter, map, zip, ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow, round, super, bytes, dict, list, object, range, str, max, min  # noqa: F401
-    from future.builtins import filter, map, zip, ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow, round, super, range, str, max, min  # noqa: F401
+import json
-
+import time
-import time, os, pickle, struct
+import os
-from allmydata.storage.crawler import ShareCrawler
+import struct
+from allmydata.storage.crawler import (
+    ShareCrawler,
+    _confirm_json_format,
+    _convert_cycle_data,
+    _dump_json_to_file,
+)
 from allmydata.storage.shares import get_share_file
 from allmydata.storage.common import UnknownMutableContainerVersionError, \
      UnknownImmutableContainerVersionError
 from twisted.python import log as twlog
+from twisted.python.filepath import FilePath
+
+
+def _convert_pickle_state_to_json(state):
+    """
+    Convert a pickle-serialized crawler-history state to the new JSON
+    format.
+
+    :param dict state: the pickled state
+
+    :return dict: the state in the JSON form
+    """
+    return {
+        str(k): _convert_cycle_data(v)
+        for k, v in state.items()
+    }
+
+
+class _HistorySerializer(object):
+    """
+    Serialize the 'history' file of the lease-crawler state. This is
+    "storage/lease_checker.history" for the pickle or
+    "storage/lease_checker.history.json" for the new JSON format.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, history_path):
+        self._path = _confirm_json_format(FilePath(history_path))
+
+        if not self._path.exists():
+            _dump_json_to_file({}, self._path)
+
+    def load(self):
+        """
+        Deserialize the existing data.
+
+        :return dict: the existing history state
+        """
+        with self._path.open("rb") as f:
+            history = json.load(f)
+        return history
+
+    def save(self, new_history):
+        """
+        Serialize the existing data as JSON.
+        """
+        _dump_json_to_file(new_history, self._path)
+        return None
+
 
 class LeaseCheckingCrawler(ShareCrawler):
     """I examine the leases on all shares, determining which are still valid
@@ -63,7 +117,7 @@ class LeaseCheckingCrawler(ShareCrawler):
                  override_lease_duration, # used if expiration_mode=="age"
                  cutoff_date, # used if expiration_mode=="cutoff-date"
                  sharetypes):
-        self.historyfile = historyfile
+        self._history_serializer = _HistorySerializer(historyfile)
         self.expiration_enabled = expiration_enabled
         self.mode = mode
         self.override_lease_duration = None
@@ -91,14 +145,6 @@ class LeaseCheckingCrawler(ShareCrawler):
         for k in so_far:
             self.state["cycle-to-date"].setdefault(k, so_far[k])
 
-        # initialize history
-        if not os.path.exists(self.historyfile):
-            history = {} # cyclenum -> dict
-            with open(self.historyfile, "wb") as f:
-                # Newer protocols won't work in Python 2; when it is dropped,
-                # protocol v4 can be used (added in Python 3.4).
-                pickle.dump(history, f, protocol=2)
-
     def create_empty_cycle_dict(self):
         recovered = self.create_empty_recovered_dict()
         so_far = {"corrupt-shares": [],
@@ -142,7 +188,7 @@ class LeaseCheckingCrawler(ShareCrawler):
                     struct.error):
                 twlog.msg("lease-checker error processing %s" % sharefile)
                 twlog.err()
-                which = (storage_index_b32, shnum)
+                which = [storage_index_b32, shnum]
                 self.state["cycle-to-date"]["corrupt-shares"].append(which)
                 wks = (1, 1, 1, "unknown")
             would_keep_shares.append(wks)
@@ -212,7 +258,7 @@ class LeaseCheckingCrawler(ShareCrawler):
                 num_valid_leases_configured += 1
 
         so_far = self.state["cycle-to-date"]
-        self.increment(so_far["leases-per-share-histogram"], num_leases, 1)
+        self.increment(so_far["leases-per-share-histogram"], str(num_leases), 1)
         self.increment_space("examined", s, sharetype)
 
         would_keep_share = [1, 1, 1, sharetype]
@@ -291,12 +337,14 @@ class LeaseCheckingCrawler(ShareCrawler):
 
         start = self.state["current-cycle-start-time"]
         now = time.time()
-        h["cycle-start-finish-times"] = (start, now)
+        h["cycle-start-finish-times"] = [start, now]
         h["expiration-enabled"] = self.expiration_enabled
-        h["configured-expiration-mode"] = (self.mode,
+        h["configured-expiration-mode"] = [
-                                           self.override_lease_duration,
+            self.mode,
-                                           self.cutoff_date,
+            self.override_lease_duration,
-                                           self.sharetypes_to_expire)
+            self.cutoff_date,
+            self.sharetypes_to_expire,
+        ]
 
         s = self.state["cycle-to-date"]
 
@@ -314,16 +362,12 @@ class LeaseCheckingCrawler(ShareCrawler):
         # copy() needs to become a deepcopy
         h["space-recovered"] = s["space-recovered"].copy()
 
-        with open(self.historyfile, "rb") as f:
+        history = self._history_serializer.load()
-            history = pickle.load(f)
+        history[str(cycle)] = h
-        history[cycle] = h
         while len(history) > 10:
-            oldcycles = sorted(history.keys())
+            oldcycles = sorted(int(k) for k in history.keys())
-            del history[oldcycles[0]]
+            del history[str(oldcycles[0])]
-        with open(self.historyfile, "wb") as f:
+        self._history_serializer.save(history)
-            # Newer protocols won't work in Python 2; when it is dropped,
-            # protocol v4 can be used (added in Python 3.4).
-            pickle.dump(history, f, protocol=2)
 
     def get_state(self):
         """In addition to the crawler state described in
@@ -392,9 +436,7 @@ class LeaseCheckingCrawler(ShareCrawler):
         progress = self.get_progress()
 
         state = ShareCrawler.get_state(self) # does a shallow copy
-        with open(self.historyfile, "rb") as f:
+        state["history"] = self._history_serializer.load()
-            history = pickle.load(f)
-        state["history"] = history
 
         if not progress["cycle-in-progress"]:
             del state["cycle-to-date"]
@@ -406,10 +448,12 @@ class LeaseCheckingCrawler(ShareCrawler):
         lah = so_far["lease-age-histogram"]
         so_far["lease-age-histogram"] = self.convert_lease_age_histogram(lah)
         so_far["expiration-enabled"] = self.expiration_enabled
-        so_far["configured-expiration-mode"] = (self.mode,
+        so_far["configured-expiration-mode"] = [
-                                                self.override_lease_duration,
+            self.mode,
-                                                self.cutoff_date,
+            self.override_lease_duration,
-                                                self.sharetypes_to_expire)
+            self.cutoff_date,
+            self.sharetypes_to_expire,
+        ]
 
         so_far_sr = so_far["space-recovered"]
         remaining_sr = {}

src/allmydata/storage/immutable.py

@@ -21,26 +21,32 @@ from zope.interface import implementer
 from allmydata.interfaces import (
     RIBucketWriter, RIBucketReader, ConflictingWriteError,
     DataTooLargeError,
+    NoSpace,
 )
 from allmydata.util import base32, fileutil, log
 from allmydata.util.assertutil import precondition
-from allmydata.storage.lease import LeaseInfo
 from allmydata.storage.common import UnknownImmutableContainerVersionError
 
+from .immutable_schema import (
+    NEWEST_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+    schema_from_version,
+)
+
+
 # each share file (in storage/shares/$SI/$SHNUM) contains lease information
 # and share data. The share data is accessed by RIBucketWriter.write and
 # RIBucketReader.read . The lease information is not accessible through these
 # interfaces.
 
 # The share file has the following layout:
-#  0x00: share file version number, four bytes, current version is 1
+#  0x00: share file version number, four bytes, current version is 2
 #  0x04: share data length, four bytes big-endian = A # See Footnote 1 below.
 #  0x08: number of leases, four bytes big-endian
 #  0x0c: beginning of share data (see immutable.layout.WriteBucketProxy)
 #  A+0x0c = B: first lease. Lease format is:
 #   B+0x00: owner number, 4 bytes big-endian, 0 is reserved for no-owner
-#   B+0x04: renew secret, 32 bytes (SHA256)
+#   B+0x04: renew secret, 32 bytes (SHA256 + blake2b) # See Footnote 2 below.
-#   B+0x24: cancel secret, 32 bytes (SHA256)
+#   B+0x24: cancel secret, 32 bytes (SHA256 + blake2b)
 #   B+0x44: expiration time, 4 bytes big-endian seconds-since-epoch
 #   B+0x48: next lease, or end of record
 
@@ -52,7 +58,72 @@ from allmydata.storage.common import UnknownImmutableContainerVersionError
 # then the value stored in this field will be the actual share data length
 # modulo 2**32.
 
+# Footnote 2: The change between share file version number 1 and 2 is that
+# storage of lease secrets is changed from plaintext to hashed.  This change
+# protects the secrets from compromises of local storage on the server: if a
+# plaintext cancel secret is somehow exfiltrated from the storage server, an
+# attacker could use it to cancel that lease and potentially cause user data
+# to be discarded before intended by the real owner.  As of this comment,
+# lease cancellation is disabled because there have been at least two bugs
+# which leak the persisted value of the cancellation secret.  If lease secrets
+# were stored hashed instead of plaintext then neither of these bugs would
+# have allowed an attacker to learn a usable cancel secret.
+#
+# Clients are free to construct these secrets however they like.  The
+# Tahoe-LAFS client uses a SHA256-based construction.  The server then uses
+# blake2b to hash these values for storage so that it retains no persistent
+# copy of the original secret.
+#
+
+def _fix_lease_count_format(lease_count_format):
+    """
+    Turn a single character struct format string into a format string suitable
+    for use in encoding and decoding the lease count value inside a share
+    file, if possible.
+
+    :param str lease_count_format: A single character format string like
+        ``"B"`` or ``"L"``.
+
+    :raise ValueError: If the given format string is not suitable for use
+        encoding and decoding a lease count.
+
+    :return str: A complete format string which can safely be used to encode
+        and decode lease counts in a share file.
+    """
+    if len(lease_count_format) != 1:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Cannot construct ShareFile with lease_count_format={!r}; "
+            "format must accept a single value".format(
+                lease_count_format,
+            ),
+        )
+    # Make it big-endian with standard size so all platforms agree on the
+    # result.
+    fixed = ">" + lease_count_format
+    if struct.calcsize(fixed) > 4:
+        # There is only room for at most 4 bytes in the share file format so
+        # we can't allow any larger formats.
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Cannot construct ShareFile with lease_count_format={!r}; "
+            "size must be smaller than size of '>L'".format(
+                lease_count_format,
+            ),
+        )
+    return fixed
+
+
 class ShareFile(object):
+    """
+    Support interaction with persistent storage of a share.
+
+    :ivar str _lease_count_format: The format string which is used to encode
+        and decode the lease count inside the share file.  As stated in the
+        comment in this module there is room for at most 4 bytes in this part
+        of the file.  A format string that works on fewer bytes is allowed to
+        restrict the number of leases allowed in the share file to a smaller
+        number than could be supported by using the full 4 bytes.  This is
+        mostly of interest for testing.
+    """
     LEASE_SIZE = struct.calcsize(">L32s32sL")
     sharetype = "immutable"
 
@@ -69,11 +140,44 @@ class ShareFile(object):
             ``False`` otherwise.
         """
         (version,) = struct.unpack(">L", header[:4])
-        return version == 1
+        return schema_from_version(version) is not None
+
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            filename,
+            max_size=None,
+            create=False,
+            lease_count_format="L",
+            schema=NEWEST_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+    ):
+        """
+        Initialize a ``ShareFile``.
+
+        :param Optional[int] max_size: If given, the maximum number of bytes
+           that this ``ShareFile`` will accept to be stored.
+
+        :param bool create: If ``True``, create the file (and fail if it
+            exists already).  ``max_size`` must not be ``None`` in this case.
+            If ``False``, open an existing file for reading.
+
+        :param str lease_count_format: A format character to use to encode and
+            decode the number of leases in the share file.  There are only 4
+            bytes available in the file so the format must be 4 bytes or
+            smaller.  If different formats are used at different times with
+            the same share file, the result will likely be nonsense.
+
+            This parameter is intended for the test suite to use to be able to
+            exercise values near the maximum encodeable value without having
+            to create billions of leases.
+
+        :raise ValueError: If the encoding of ``lease_count_format`` is too
+            large or if it is not a single format character.
+        """
 
-    def __init__(self, filename, max_size=None, create=False):
-        """ If max_size is not None then I won't allow more than max_size to be written to me. If create=True and max_size must not be None. """
         precondition((max_size is not None) or (not create), max_size, create)
+
+        self._lease_count_format = _fix_lease_count_format(lease_count_format)
+        self._lease_count_size = struct.calcsize(self._lease_count_format)
         self.home = filename
         self._max_size = max_size
         if create:
@@ -81,27 +185,18 @@ class ShareFile(object):
             # it. Also construct the metadata.
             assert not os.path.exists(self.home)
             fileutil.make_dirs(os.path.dirname(self.home))
-            # The second field -- the four-byte share data length -- is no
+            self._schema = schema
-            # longer used as of Tahoe v1.3.0, but we continue to write it in
-            # there in case someone downgrades a storage server from >=
-            # Tahoe-1.3.0 to < Tahoe-1.3.0, or moves a share file from one
-            # server to another, etc. We do saturation -- a share data length
-            # larger than 2**32-1 (what can fit into the field) is marked as
-            # the largest length that can fit into the field. That way, even
-            # if this does happen, the old < v1.3.0 server will still allow
-            # clients to read the first part of the share.
             with open(self.home, 'wb') as f:
-                f.write(struct.pack(">LLL", 1, min(2**32-1, max_size), 0))
+                f.write(self._schema.header(max_size))
             self._lease_offset = max_size + 0x0c
             self._num_leases = 0
         else:
             with open(self.home, 'rb') as f:
                 filesize = os.path.getsize(self.home)
                 (version, unused, num_leases) = struct.unpack(">LLL", f.read(0xc))
-            if version != 1:
+            self._schema = schema_from_version(version)
-                msg = "sharefile %s had version %d but we wanted 1" % \
+            if self._schema is None:
-                      (filename, version)
+                raise UnknownImmutableContainerVersionError(filename, version)
-                raise UnknownImmutableContainerVersionError(msg)
             self._num_leases = num_leases
             self._lease_offset = filesize - (num_leases * self.LEASE_SIZE)
         self._data_offset = 0xc
@@ -136,16 +231,25 @@ class ShareFile(object):
         offset = self._lease_offset + lease_number * self.LEASE_SIZE
         f.seek(offset)
         assert f.tell() == offset
-        f.write(lease_info.to_immutable_data())
+        f.write(self._schema.lease_serializer.serialize(lease_info))
 
     def _read_num_leases(self, f):
         f.seek(0x08)
-        (num_leases,) = struct.unpack(">L", f.read(4))
+        (num_leases,) = struct.unpack(
+            self._lease_count_format,
+            f.read(self._lease_count_size),
+        )
         return num_leases
 
     def _write_num_leases(self, f, num_leases):
+        self._write_encoded_num_leases(
+            f,
+            struct.pack(self._lease_count_format, num_leases),
+        )
+
+    def _write_encoded_num_leases(self, f, encoded_num_leases):
         f.seek(0x08)
-        f.write(struct.pack(">L", num_leases))
+        f.write(encoded_num_leases)
 
     def _truncate_leases(self, f, num_leases):
         f.truncate(self._lease_offset + num_leases * self.LEASE_SIZE)
@@ -158,13 +262,16 @@ class ShareFile(object):
             for i in range(num_leases):
                 data = f.read(self.LEASE_SIZE)
                 if data:
-                    yield LeaseInfo.from_immutable_data(data)
+                    yield self._schema.lease_serializer.unserialize(data)
 
     def add_lease(self, lease_info):
         with open(self.home, 'rb+') as f:
             num_leases = self._read_num_leases(f)
+            # Before we write the new lease record, make sure we can encode
+            # the new lease count.
+            new_lease_count = struct.pack(self._lease_count_format, num_leases + 1)
             self._write_lease_record(f, num_leases, lease_info)
-            self._write_num_leases(f, num_leases+1)
+            self._write_encoded_num_leases(f, new_lease_count)
 
     def renew_lease(self, renew_secret, new_expire_time, allow_backdate=False):
         # type: (bytes, int, bool) -> None
@@ -189,14 +296,29 @@ class ShareFile(object):
                 return
         raise IndexError("unable to renew non-existent lease")
 
-    def add_or_renew_lease(self, lease_info):
+    def add_or_renew_lease(self, available_space, lease_info):
+        """
+        Renew an existing lease if possible, otherwise allocate a new one.
+
+        :param int available_space: The maximum number of bytes of storage to
+            commit in this operation.  If more than this number of bytes is
+            required, raise ``NoSpace`` instead.
+
+        :param LeaseInfo lease_info: The details of the lease to renew or add.
+
+        :raise NoSpace: If more than ``available_space`` bytes is required to
+            complete the operation.  In this case, no lease is added.
+
+        :return: ``None``
+        """
         try:
             self.renew_lease(lease_info.renew_secret,
                              lease_info.get_expiration_time())
         except IndexError:
+            if lease_info.immutable_size() > available_space:
+                raise NoSpace()
             self.add_lease(lease_info)
 
-
     def cancel_lease(self, cancel_secret):
         """Remove a lease with the given cancel_secret. If the last lease is
         cancelled, the file will be removed. Return the number of bytes that

src/allmydata/storage/immutable_schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"""
+Ported to Python 3.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from future.utils import PY2
+if PY2:
+    from future.builtins import filter, map, zip, ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow, round, super, bytes, dict, list, object, range, str, max, min  # noqa: F401
+
+import struct
+
+import attr
+
+from .lease_schema import (
+    v1_immutable,
+    v2_immutable,
+)
+
+@attr.s(frozen=True)
+class _Schema(object):
+    """
+    Implement encoding and decoding for multiple versions of the immutable
+    container schema.
+
+    :ivar int version: the version number of the schema this object supports
+
+    :ivar lease_serializer: an object that is responsible for lease
+        serialization and unserialization
+    """
+    version = attr.ib()
+    lease_serializer = attr.ib()
+
+    def header(self, max_size):
+        # type: (int) -> bytes
+        """
+        Construct a container header.
+
+        :param max_size: the maximum size the container can hold
+
+        :return: the header bytes
+        """
+        # The second field -- the four-byte share data length -- is no longer
+        # used as of Tahoe v1.3.0, but we continue to write it in there in
+        # case someone downgrades a storage server from >= Tahoe-1.3.0 to <
+        # Tahoe-1.3.0, or moves a share file from one server to another,
+        # etc. We do saturation -- a share data length larger than 2**32-1
+        # (what can fit into the field) is marked as the largest length that
+        # can fit into the field. That way, even if this does happen, the old
+        # < v1.3.0 server will still allow clients to read the first part of
+        # the share.
+        return struct.pack(">LLL", self.version, min(2**32 - 1, max_size), 0)
+
+ALL_SCHEMAS = {
+    _Schema(version=2, lease_serializer=v2_immutable),
+    _Schema(version=1, lease_serializer=v1_immutable),
+}
+ALL_SCHEMA_VERSIONS = {schema.version for schema in ALL_SCHEMAS}
+NEWEST_SCHEMA_VERSION = max(ALL_SCHEMAS, key=lambda schema: schema.version)
+
+def schema_from_version(version):
+    # (int) -> Optional[type]
+    """
+    Find the schema object that corresponds to a certain version number.
+    """
+    for schema in ALL_SCHEMAS:
+        if schema.version == version:
+            return schema
+    return None

src/allmydata/storage/lease.py

@@ -15,8 +15,114 @@ import struct, time
 
 import attr
 
-from allmydata.util.hashutil import timing_safe_compare
+from zope.interface import (
+    Interface,
+    implementer,
+)
 
+from twisted.python.components import (
+    proxyForInterface,
+)
+
+from allmydata.util.hashutil import timing_safe_compare
+from allmydata.util import base32
+
+# struct format for representation of a lease in an immutable share
+IMMUTABLE_FORMAT = ">L32s32sL"
+
+# struct format for representation of a lease in a mutable share
+MUTABLE_FORMAT = ">LL32s32s20s"
+
+
+class ILeaseInfo(Interface):
+    """
+    Represent a marker attached to a share that indicates that share should be
+    retained for some amount of time.
+
+    Typically clients will create and renew leases on their shares as a way to
+    inform storage servers that there is still interest in those shares.  A
+    share may have more than one lease.  If all leases on a share have
+    expiration times in the past then the storage server may take this as a
+    strong hint that no one is interested in the share anymore and therefore
+    the share may be deleted to reclaim the space.
+    """
+    def renew(new_expire_time):
+        """
+        Create a new ``ILeaseInfo`` with the given expiration time.
+
+        :param Union[int, float] new_expire_time: The expiration time the new
+            ``ILeaseInfo`` will have.
+
+        :return: The new ``ILeaseInfo`` provider with the new expiration time.
+        """
+
+    def get_expiration_time():
+        """
+        :return Union[int, float]: this lease's expiration time
+        """
+
+    def get_grant_renew_time_time():
+        """
+        :return Union[int, float]: a guess about the last time this lease was
+            renewed
+        """
+
+    def get_age():
+        """
+        :return Union[int, float]: a guess about how long it has been since this
+            lease was renewed
+        """
+
+    def to_immutable_data():
+        """
+        :return bytes: a serialized representation of this lease suitable for
+            inclusion in an immutable container
+        """
+
+    def to_mutable_data():
+        """
+        :return bytes: a serialized representation of this lease suitable for
+            inclusion in a mutable container
+        """
+
+    def immutable_size():
+        """
+        :return int: the size of the serialized representation of this lease in an
+            immutable container
+        """
+
+    def mutable_size():
+        """
+        :return int: the size of the serialized representation of this lease in a
+            mutable container
+        """
+
+    def is_renew_secret(candidate_secret):
+        """
+        :return bool: ``True`` if the given byte string is this lease's renew
+            secret, ``False`` otherwise
+        """
+
+    def present_renew_secret():
+        """
+        :return str: Text which could reasonably be shown to a person representing
+            this lease's renew secret.
+        """
+
+    def is_cancel_secret(candidate_secret):
+        """
+        :return bool: ``True`` if the given byte string is this lease's cancel
+            secret, ``False`` otherwise
+        """
+
+    def present_cancel_secret():
+        """
+        :return str: Text which could reasonably be shown to a person representing
+            this lease's cancel secret.
+        """
+
+
+@implementer(ILeaseInfo)
 @attr.s(frozen=True)
 class LeaseInfo(object):
     """
@@ -80,6 +186,13 @@ class LeaseInfo(object):
         """
         return timing_safe_compare(self.renew_secret, candidate_secret)
 
+    def present_renew_secret(self):
+        # type: () -> str
+        """
+        Return the renew secret, base32-encoded.
+        """
+        return str(base32.b2a(self.renew_secret), "utf-8")
+
     def is_cancel_secret(self, candidate_secret):
         # type: (bytes) -> bool
         """
@@ -90,6 +203,13 @@ class LeaseInfo(object):
         """
         return timing_safe_compare(self.cancel_secret, candidate_secret)
 
+    def present_cancel_secret(self):
+        # type: () -> str
+        """
+        Return the cancel secret, base32-encoded.
+        """
+        return str(base32.b2a(self.cancel_secret), "utf-8")
+
     def get_grant_renew_time_time(self):
         # hack, based upon fixed 31day expiration period
         return self._expiration_time - 31*24*60*60
@@ -110,17 +230,31 @@ class LeaseInfo(object):
             "cancel_secret",
             "expiration_time",
         ]
-        values = struct.unpack(">L32s32sL", data)
+        values = struct.unpack(IMMUTABLE_FORMAT, data)
         return cls(nodeid=None, **dict(zip(names, values)))
 
+    def immutable_size(self):
+        """
+        :return int: The size, in bytes, of the representation of this lease in an
+            immutable share file.
+        """
+        return struct.calcsize(IMMUTABLE_FORMAT)
+
+    def mutable_size(self):
+        """
+        :return int: The size, in bytes, of the representation of this lease in a
+            mutable share file.
+        """
+        return struct.calcsize(MUTABLE_FORMAT)
+
     def to_immutable_data(self):
-        return struct.pack(">L32s32sL",
+        return struct.pack(IMMUTABLE_FORMAT,
                            self.owner_num,
                            self.renew_secret, self.cancel_secret,
                            int(self._expiration_time))
 
     def to_mutable_data(self):
-        return struct.pack(">LL32s32s20s",
+        return struct.pack(MUTABLE_FORMAT,
                            self.owner_num,
                            int(self._expiration_time),
                            self.renew_secret, self.cancel_secret,
@@ -140,5 +274,114 @@ class LeaseInfo(object):
             "cancel_secret",
             "nodeid",
         ]
-        values = struct.unpack(">LL32s32s20s", data)
+        values = struct.unpack(MUTABLE_FORMAT, data)
         return cls(**dict(zip(names, values)))
+
+
+@attr.s(frozen=True)
+class HashedLeaseInfo(proxyForInterface(ILeaseInfo, "_lease_info")): # type: ignore # unsupported dynamic base class
+    """
+    A ``HashedLeaseInfo`` wraps lease information in which the secrets have
+    been hashed.
+    """
+    _lease_info = attr.ib()
+    _hash = attr.ib()
+
+    # proxyForInterface will take care of forwarding all methods on ILeaseInfo
+    # to `_lease_info`.  Here we override a few of those methods to adjust
+    # their behavior to make them suitable for use with hashed secrets.
+
+    def renew(self, new_expire_time):
+        # Preserve the HashedLeaseInfo wrapper around the renewed LeaseInfo.
+        return attr.assoc(
+            self,
+            _lease_info=super(HashedLeaseInfo, self).renew(new_expire_time),
+        )
+
+    def is_renew_secret(self, candidate_secret):
+        # type: (bytes) -> bool
+        """
+        Hash the candidate secret and compare the result to the stored hashed
+        secret.
+        """
+        return super(HashedLeaseInfo, self).is_renew_secret(self._hash(candidate_secret))
+
+    def present_renew_secret(self):
+        # type: () -> str
+        """
+        Present the hash of the secret with a marker indicating it is a hash.
+        """
+        return u"hash:" + super(HashedLeaseInfo, self).present_renew_secret()
+
+    def is_cancel_secret(self, candidate_secret):
+        # type: (bytes) -> bool
+        """
+        Hash the candidate secret and compare the result to the stored hashed
+        secret.
+        """
+        if isinstance(candidate_secret, _HashedCancelSecret):
+            # Someone read it off of this object in this project - probably
+            # the lease crawler - and is just trying to use it to identify
+            # which lease it wants to operate on.  Avoid re-hashing the value.
+            #
+            # It is important that this codepath is only availably internally
+            # for this process to talk to itself.  If it were to be exposed to
+            # clients over the network, they could just provide the hashed
+            # value to avoid having to ever learn the original value.
+            hashed_candidate = candidate_secret.hashed_value
+        else:
+            # It is not yet hashed so hash it.
+            hashed_candidate = self._hash(candidate_secret)
+
+        return super(HashedLeaseInfo, self).is_cancel_secret(hashed_candidate)
+
+    def present_cancel_secret(self):
+        # type: () -> str
+        """
+        Present the hash of the secret with a marker indicating it is a hash.
+        """
+        return u"hash:" + super(HashedLeaseInfo, self).present_cancel_secret()
+
+    @property
+    def owner_num(self):
+        return self._lease_info.owner_num
+
+    @property
+    def nodeid(self):
+        return self._lease_info.nodeid
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_secret(self):
+        """
+        Give back an opaque wrapper around the hashed cancel secret which can
+        later be presented for a succesful equality comparison.
+        """
+        # We don't *have* the cancel secret.  We hashed it and threw away the
+        # original.  That's good.  It does mean that some code that runs
+        # in-process with the storage service (LeaseCheckingCrawler) runs into
+        # some difficulty.  That code wants to cancel leases and does so using
+        # the same interface that faces storage clients (or would face them,
+        # if lease cancellation were exposed).
+        #
+        # Since it can't use the hashed secret to cancel a lease (that's the
+        # point of the hashing) and we don't have the unhashed secret to give
+        # it, instead we give it a marker that `cancel_lease` will recognize.
+        # On recognizing it, if the hashed value given matches the hashed
+        # value stored it is considered a match and the lease can be
+        # cancelled.
+        #
+        # This isn't great.  Maybe the internal and external consumers of
+        # cancellation should use different interfaces.
+        return _HashedCancelSecret(self._lease_info.cancel_secret)
+
+
+@attr.s(frozen=True)
+class _HashedCancelSecret(object):
+    """
+    ``_HashedCancelSecret`` is a marker type for an already-hashed lease
+    cancel secret that lets internal lease cancellers bypass the hash-based
+    protection that's imposed on external lease cancellers.
+
+    :ivar bytes hashed_value: The already-hashed secret.
+    """
+    hashed_value = attr.ib()

src/allmydata/storage/lease_schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+"""
+Ported to Python 3.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from future.utils import PY2
+if PY2:
+    from future.builtins import filter, map, zip, ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow, round, super, bytes, dict, list, object, range, str, max, min  # noqa: F401
+
+try:
+    from typing import Union
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+import attr
+
+from nacl.hash import blake2b
+from nacl.encoding import RawEncoder
+
+from .lease import (
+    LeaseInfo,
+    HashedLeaseInfo,
+)
+
+@attr.s(frozen=True)
+class CleartextLeaseSerializer(object):
+    """
+    Serialize and unserialize leases with cleartext secrets.
+    """
+    _to_data = attr.ib()
+    _from_data = attr.ib()
+
+    def serialize(self, lease):
+        # type: (LeaseInfo) -> bytes
+        """
+        Represent the given lease as bytes with cleartext secrets.
+        """
+        if isinstance(lease, LeaseInfo):
+            return self._to_data(lease)
+        raise ValueError(
+            "ShareFile v1 schema only supports LeaseInfo, not {!r}".format(
+                lease,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def unserialize(self, data):
+        # type: (bytes) -> LeaseInfo
+        """
+        Load a lease with cleartext secrets from the given bytes representation.
+        """
+        # In v1 of the immutable schema lease secrets are stored plaintext.
+        # So load the data into a plain LeaseInfo which works on plaintext
+        # secrets.
+        return self._from_data(data)
+
+@attr.s(frozen=True)
+class HashedLeaseSerializer(object):
+    _to_data = attr.ib()
+    _from_data = attr.ib()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _hash_secret(cls, secret):
+        # type: (bytes) -> bytes
+        """
+        Hash a lease secret for storage.
+        """
+        return blake2b(secret, digest_size=32, encoder=RawEncoder())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _hash_lease_info(cls, lease_info):
+        # type: (LeaseInfo) -> HashedLeaseInfo
+        """
+        Hash the cleartext lease info secrets into a ``HashedLeaseInfo``.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(lease_info, LeaseInfo):
+            # Provide a little safety against misuse, especially an attempt to
+            # re-hash an already-hashed lease info which is represented as a
+            # different type.
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Can only hash LeaseInfo, not {!r}".format(lease_info),
+            )
+
+        # Hash the cleartext secrets in the lease info and wrap the result in
+        # a new type.
+        return HashedLeaseInfo(
+            attr.assoc(
+                lease_info,
+                renew_secret=cls._hash_secret(lease_info.renew_secret),
+                cancel_secret=cls._hash_secret(lease_info.cancel_secret),
+            ),
+            cls._hash_secret,
+        )
+
+    def serialize(self, lease):
+        # type: (Union[LeaseInfo, HashedLeaseInfo]) -> bytes
+        if isinstance(lease, LeaseInfo):
+            # v2 of the immutable schema stores lease secrets hashed.  If
+            # we're given a LeaseInfo then it holds plaintext secrets.  Hash
+            # them before trying to serialize.
+            lease = self._hash_lease_info(lease)
+        if isinstance(lease, HashedLeaseInfo):
+            return self._to_data(lease)
+        raise ValueError(
+            "ShareFile v2 schema cannot represent lease {!r}".format(
+                lease,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def unserialize(self, data):
+        # type: (bytes) -> HashedLeaseInfo
+        # In v2 of the immutable schema lease secrets are stored hashed.  Wrap
+        # a LeaseInfo in a HashedLeaseInfo so it can supply the correct
+        # interpretation for those values.
+        return HashedLeaseInfo(self._from_data(data), self._hash_secret)
+
+v1_immutable = CleartextLeaseSerializer(
+    LeaseInfo.to_immutable_data,
+    LeaseInfo.from_immutable_data,
+)
+
+v2_immutable = HashedLeaseSerializer(
+    HashedLeaseInfo.to_immutable_data,
+    LeaseInfo.from_immutable_data,
+)
+
+v1_mutable = CleartextLeaseSerializer(
+    LeaseInfo.to_mutable_data,
+    LeaseInfo.from_mutable_data,
+)
+
+v2_mutable = HashedLeaseSerializer(
+    HashedLeaseInfo.to_mutable_data,
+    LeaseInfo.from_mutable_data,
+)

src/allmydata/storage/mutable.py

@@ -13,7 +13,10 @@ if PY2:
 
 import os, stat, struct
 
-from allmydata.interfaces import BadWriteEnablerError
+from allmydata.interfaces import (
+    BadWriteEnablerError,
+    NoSpace,
+)
 from allmydata.util import idlib, log
 from allmydata.util.assertutil import precondition
 from allmydata.util.hashutil import timing_safe_compare
@@ -21,7 +24,10 @@ from allmydata.storage.lease import LeaseInfo
 from allmydata.storage.common import UnknownMutableContainerVersionError, \
      DataTooLargeError
 from allmydata.mutable.layout import MAX_MUTABLE_SHARE_SIZE
-
+from .mutable_schema import (
+    NEWEST_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+    schema_from_header,
+)
 
 # the MutableShareFile is like the ShareFile, but used for mutable data. It
 # has a different layout. See docs/mutable.txt for more details.
@@ -61,9 +67,6 @@ class MutableShareFile(object):
     # our sharefiles share with a recognizable string, plus some random
     # binary data to reduce the chance that a regular text file will look
     # like a sharefile.
-    MAGIC = b"Tahoe mutable container v1\n" + b"\x75\x09\x44\x03\x8e"
-    assert len(MAGIC) == 32
-    assert isinstance(MAGIC, bytes)
     MAX_SIZE = MAX_MUTABLE_SHARE_SIZE
     # TODO: decide upon a policy for max share size
 
@@ -79,22 +82,19 @@ class MutableShareFile(object):
         :return: ``True`` if the bytes could belong to this container,
             ``False`` otherwise.
         """
-        return header.startswith(cls.MAGIC)
+        return schema_from_header(header) is not None
 
-    def __init__(self, filename, parent=None):
+    def __init__(self, filename, parent=None, schema=NEWEST_SCHEMA_VERSION):
         self.home = filename
         if os.path.exists(self.home):
             # we don't cache anything, just check the magic
             with open(self.home, 'rb') as f:
-                data = f.read(self.HEADER_SIZE)
+                header = f.read(self.HEADER_SIZE)
-            (magic,
+            self._schema = schema_from_header(header)
-             write_enabler_nodeid, write_enabler,
+            if self._schema is None:
-             data_length, extra_least_offset) = \
+                raise UnknownMutableContainerVersionError(filename, header)
-             struct.unpack(">32s20s32sQQ", data)
+        else:
-            if not self.is_valid_header(data):
+            self._schema = schema
-                msg = "sharefile %s had magic '%r' but we wanted '%r'" % \
-                      (filename, magic, self.MAGIC)
-                raise UnknownMutableContainerVersionError(msg)
         self.parent = parent # for logging
 
     def log(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -102,23 +102,8 @@ class MutableShareFile(object):
 
     def create(self, my_nodeid, write_enabler):
         assert not os.path.exists(self.home)
-        data_length = 0
-        extra_lease_offset = (self.HEADER_SIZE
-                              + 4 * self.LEASE_SIZE
-                              + data_length)
-        assert extra_lease_offset == self.DATA_OFFSET # true at creation
-        num_extra_leases = 0
         with open(self.home, 'wb') as f:
-            header = struct.pack(
+            f.write(self._schema.header(my_nodeid, write_enabler))
-                ">32s20s32sQQ",
-                self.MAGIC, my_nodeid, write_enabler,
-                data_length, extra_lease_offset,
-            )
-            leases = (b"\x00" * self.LEASE_SIZE) * 4
-            f.write(header + leases)
-            # data goes here, empty after creation
-            f.write(struct.pack(">L", num_extra_leases))
-            # extra leases go here, none at creation
 
     def unlink(self):
         os.unlink(self.home)
@@ -134,6 +119,7 @@ class MutableShareFile(object):
 
     def _read_share_data(self, f, offset, length):
         precondition(offset >= 0)
+        precondition(length >= 0)
         data_length = self._read_data_length(f)
         if offset+length > data_length:
             # reads beyond the end of the data are truncated. Reads that
@@ -250,7 +236,7 @@ class MutableShareFile(object):
                       + (lease_number-4)*self.LEASE_SIZE)
         f.seek(offset)
         assert f.tell() == offset
-        f.write(lease_info.to_mutable_data())
+        f.write(self._schema.lease_serializer.serialize(lease_info))
 
     def _read_lease_record(self, f, lease_number):
         # returns a LeaseInfo instance, or None
@@ -267,7 +253,7 @@ class MutableShareFile(object):
         f.seek(offset)
         assert f.tell() == offset
         data = f.read(self.LEASE_SIZE)
-        lease_info = LeaseInfo.from_mutable_data(data)
+        lease_info = self._schema.lease_serializer.unserialize(data)
         if lease_info.owner_num == 0:
             return None
         return lease_info
@@ -302,7 +288,19 @@ class MutableShareFile(object):
             except IndexError:
                 return
 
-    def add_lease(self, lease_info):
+    def add_lease(self, available_space, lease_info):
+        """
+        Add a new lease to this share.
+
+        :param int available_space: The maximum number of bytes of storage to
+            commit in this operation.  If more than this number of bytes is
+            required, raise ``NoSpace`` instead.
+
+        :raise NoSpace: If more than ``available_space`` bytes is required to
+            complete the operation.  In this case, no lease is added.
+
+        :return: ``None``
+        """
         precondition(lease_info.owner_num != 0) # 0 means "no lease here"
         with open(self.home, 'rb+') as f:
             num_lease_slots = self._get_num_lease_slots(f)
@@ -310,6 +308,8 @@ class MutableShareFile(object):
             if empty_slot is not None:
                 self._write_lease_record(f, empty_slot, lease_info)
             else:
+                if lease_info.mutable_size() > available_space:
+                    raise NoSpace()
                 self._write_lease_record(f, num_lease_slots, lease_info)
 
     def renew_lease(self, renew_secret, new_expire_time, allow_backdate=False):
@@ -345,13 +345,13 @@ class MutableShareFile(object):
         msg += " ."
         raise IndexError(msg)
 
-    def add_or_renew_lease(self, lease_info):
+    def add_or_renew_lease(self, available_space, lease_info):
         precondition(lease_info.owner_num != 0) # 0 means "no lease here"
         try:
             self.renew_lease(lease_info.renew_secret,
                              lease_info.get_expiration_time())
         except IndexError:
-            self.add_lease(lease_info)
+            self.add_lease(available_space, lease_info)
 
     def cancel_lease(self, cancel_secret):
         """Remove any leases with the given cancel_secret. If the last lease

src/allmydata/storage/mutable_schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"""
+Ported to Python 3.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from future.utils import PY2
+if PY2:
+    from future.builtins import filter, map, zip, ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow, round, super, bytes, dict, list, object, range, str, max, min  # noqa: F401
+
+import struct
+
+import attr
+
+from ..util.hashutil import (
+    tagged_hash,
+)
+from .lease import (
+    LeaseInfo,
+)
+from .lease_schema import (
+    v1_mutable,
+    v2_mutable,
+)
+
+def _magic(version):
+    # type: (int) -> bytes
+    """
+    Compute a "magic" header string for a container of the given version.
+
+    :param version: The version number of the container.
+    """
+    # Make it easy for people to recognize
+    human_readable = u"Tahoe mutable container v{:d}\n".format(version).encode("ascii")
+    # But also keep the chance of accidental collision low
+    if version == 1:
+        # It's unclear where this byte sequence came from.  It may have just
+        # been random.  In any case, preserve it since it is the magic marker
+        # in all v1 share files.
+        random_bytes = b"\x75\x09\x44\x03\x8e"
+    else:
+        # For future versions, use a reproducable scheme.
+        random_bytes = tagged_hash(
+            b"allmydata_mutable_container_header",
+            human_readable,
+            truncate_to=5,
+        )
+    magic = human_readable + random_bytes
+    assert len(magic) == 32
+    if version > 1:
+        # The chance of collision is pretty low but let's just be sure about
+        # it.
+        assert magic != _magic(version - 1)
+
+    return magic
+
+def _header(magic, extra_lease_offset, nodeid, write_enabler):
+    # type: (bytes, int, bytes, bytes) -> bytes
+    """
+    Construct a container header.
+
+    :param nodeid: A unique identifier for the node holding this
+        container.
+
+    :param write_enabler: A secret shared with the client used to
+        authorize changes to the contents of this container.
+    """
+    fixed_header = struct.pack(
+        ">32s20s32sQQ",
+        magic,
+        nodeid,
+        write_enabler,
+        # data length, initially the container is empty
+        0,
+        extra_lease_offset,
+    )
+    blank_leases = b"\x00" * LeaseInfo().mutable_size() * 4
+    extra_lease_count = struct.pack(">L", 0)
+
+    return b"".join([
+        fixed_header,
+        # share data will go in between the next two items eventually but
+        # for now there is none.
+        blank_leases,
+        extra_lease_count,
+    ])
+
+
+_HEADER_FORMAT = ">32s20s32sQQ"
+
+# This size excludes leases
+_HEADER_SIZE = struct.calcsize(_HEADER_FORMAT)
+
+_EXTRA_LEASE_OFFSET = _HEADER_SIZE + 4 * LeaseInfo().mutable_size()
+
+
+@attr.s(frozen=True)
+class _Schema(object):
+    """
+    Implement encoding and decoding for the mutable container.
+
+    :ivar int version: the version number of the schema this object supports
+
+    :ivar lease_serializer: an object that is responsible for lease
+        serialization and unserialization
+    """
+    version = attr.ib()
+    lease_serializer = attr.ib()
+    _magic = attr.ib()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def for_version(cls, version, lease_serializer):
+        return cls(version, lease_serializer, magic=_magic(version))
+
+    def magic_matches(self, candidate_magic):
+        # type: (bytes) -> bool
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if a candidate string matches the expected magic string
+        from a mutable container header, ``False`` otherwise.
+        """
+        return candidate_magic[:len(self._magic)] == self._magic
+
+    def header(self, nodeid, write_enabler):
+        return _header(self._magic, _EXTRA_LEASE_OFFSET, nodeid, write_enabler)
+
+ALL_SCHEMAS = {
+    _Schema.for_version(version=2, lease_serializer=v2_mutable),
+    _Schema.for_version(version=1, lease_serializer=v1_mutable),
+}
+ALL_SCHEMA_VERSIONS = {schema.version for schema in ALL_SCHEMAS}
+NEWEST_SCHEMA_VERSION = max(ALL_SCHEMAS, key=lambda schema: schema.version)
+
+def schema_from_header(header):
+    # (int) -> Optional[type]
+    """
+    Find the schema object that corresponds to a certain version number.
+    """
+    for schema in ALL_SCHEMAS:
+        if schema.magic_matches(header):
+            return schema
+    return None

src/allmydata/storage/server.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ else:
     from typing import Dict, Tuple
 
 import os, re
-import six
 
 from foolscap.api import Referenceable
 from foolscap.ipb import IRemoteReference
@@ -64,7 +63,8 @@ class StorageServer(service.MultiService):
     """
     Implement the business logic for the storage server.
     """
-    name = "storage"
+    name = 'storage'
+    # only the tests change this to anything else
     LeaseCheckerClass = LeaseCheckingCrawler
 
     def __init__(self, storedir, nodeid, reserved_space=0,
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ class StorageServer(service.MultiService):
         sharedir = os.path.join(storedir, "shares")
         fileutil.make_dirs(sharedir)
         self.sharedir = sharedir
-        # we don't actually create the corruption-advisory dir until necessary
         self.corruption_advisory_dir = os.path.join(storedir,
                                                     "corruption-advisories")
+        fileutil.make_dirs(self.corruption_advisory_dir)
         self.reserved_space = int(reserved_space)
         self.no_storage = discard_storage
         self.readonly_storage = readonly_storage
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class StorageServer(service.MultiService):
         # to a particular owner.
         start = self._clock.seconds()
         self.count("allocate")
-        alreadygot = set()
+        alreadygot = {}
         bucketwriters = {} # k: shnum, v: BucketWriter
         si_dir = storage_index_to_dir(storage_index)
         si_s = si_b2a(storage_index)
@@ -331,10 +331,9 @@ class StorageServer(service.MultiService):
         # leases for all of them: if they want us to hold shares for this
         # file, they'll want us to hold leases for this file.
         for (shnum, fn) in self._get_bucket_shares(storage_index):
-            alreadygot.add(shnum)
+            alreadygot[shnum] = ShareFile(fn)
-            if renew_leases:
+        if renew_leases:
-                sf = ShareFile(fn)
+            self._add_or_renew_leases(alreadygot.values(), lease_info)
-                sf.add_or_renew_lease(lease_info)
 
         for shnum in sharenums:
             incominghome = os.path.join(self.incomingdir, si_dir, "%d" % shnum)
@@ -367,7 +366,7 @@ class StorageServer(service.MultiService):
             fileutil.make_dirs(os.path.join(self.sharedir, si_dir))
 
         self.add_latency("allocate", self._clock.seconds() - start)
-        return alreadygot, bucketwriters
+        return set(alreadygot), bucketwriters
 
     def _iter_share_files(self, storage_index):
         for shnum, filename in self._get_bucket_shares(storage_index):
@@ -391,8 +390,10 @@ class StorageServer(service.MultiService):
         lease_info = LeaseInfo(owner_num,
                                renew_secret, cancel_secret,
                                new_expire_time, self.my_nodeid)
-        for sf in self._iter_share_files(storage_index):
+        self._add_or_renew_leases(
-            sf.add_or_renew_lease(lease_info)
+            self._iter_share_files(storage_index),
+            lease_info,
+        )
         self.add_latency("add-lease", self._clock.seconds() - start)
         return None
 
@@ -613,13 +614,13 @@ class StorageServer(service.MultiService):
         """
         Put the given lease onto the given shares.
 
-        :param dict[int, MutableShareFile] shares: The shares to put the lease
+        :param Iterable[Union[MutableShareFile, ShareFile]] shares: The shares
-            onto.
+            to put the lease onto.
 
         :param LeaseInfo lease_info: The lease to put on the shares.
         """
-        for share in six.viewvalues(shares):
+        for share in shares:
-            share.add_or_renew_lease(lease_info)
+            share.add_or_renew_lease(self.get_available_space(), lease_info)
 
     def slot_testv_and_readv_and_writev(  # type: ignore # warner/foolscap#78
             self,
@@ -679,7 +680,7 @@ class StorageServer(service.MultiService):
             )
             if renew_leases:
                 lease_info = self._make_lease_info(renew_secret, cancel_secret)
-                self._add_or_renew_leases(remaining_shares, lease_info)
+                self._add_or_renew_leases(remaining_shares.values(), lease_info)
 
         # all done
         self.add_latency("writev", self._clock.seconds() - start)
@@ -722,32 +723,60 @@ class StorageServer(service.MultiService):
         self.add_latency("readv", self._clock.seconds() - start)
         return datavs
 
+    def _share_exists(self, storage_index, shnum):
+        """
+        Check local share storage to see if a matching share exists.
+
+        :param bytes storage_index: The storage index to inspect.
+        :param int shnum: The share number to check for.
+
+        :return bool: ``True`` if a share with the given number exists at the
+            given storage index, ``False`` otherwise.
+        """
+        for existing_sharenum, ignored in self._get_bucket_shares(storage_index):
+            if existing_sharenum == shnum:
+                return True
+        return False
+
     def advise_corrupt_share(self, share_type, storage_index, shnum,
                              reason):
         # This is a remote API, I believe, so this has to be bytes for legacy
         # protocol backwards compatibility reasons.
         assert isinstance(share_type, bytes)
         assert isinstance(reason, bytes), "%r is not bytes" % (reason,)
-        fileutil.make_dirs(self.corruption_advisory_dir)
+
-        now = time_format.iso_utc(sep="T")
         si_s = si_b2a(storage_index)
-        # windows can't handle colons in the filename
+
-        fn = os.path.join(
+        if not self._share_exists(storage_index, shnum):
-            self.corruption_advisory_dir,
+            log.msg(
-            ("%s--%s-%d" % (now, str(si_s, "utf-8"), shnum)).replace(":","")
+                format=(
-        )
+                    "discarding client corruption claim for %(si)s/%(shnum)d "
-        with open(fn, "w") as f:
+                    "which I do not have"
-            f.write("report: Share Corruption\n")
+                ),
-            f.write("type: %s\n" % bytes_to_native_str(share_type))
+                si=si_s,
-            f.write("storage_index: %s\n" % bytes_to_native_str(si_s))
+                shnum=shnum,
-            f.write("share_number: %d\n" % shnum)
+            )
-            f.write("\n")
+            return
-            f.write(bytes_to_native_str(reason))
+
-            f.write("\n")
         log.msg(format=("client claims corruption in (%(share_type)s) " +
                         "%(si)s-%(shnum)d: %(reason)s"),
                 share_type=share_type, si=si_s, shnum=shnum, reason=reason,
                 level=log.SCARY, umid="SGx2fA")
+
+        report = render_corruption_report(share_type, si_s, shnum, reason)
+        if len(report) > self.get_available_space():
+            return None
+
+        now = time_format.iso_utc(sep="T")
+        report_path = get_corruption_report_path(
+            self.corruption_advisory_dir,
+            now,
+            si_s,
+            shnum,
+        )
+        with open(report_path, "w") as f:
+            f.write(report)
+
         return None
 
 
@@ -832,3 +861,56 @@ class FoolscapStorageServer(Referenceable):  # type: ignore # warner/foolscap#78
                                     reason):
         return self._server.advise_corrupt_share(share_type, storage_index, shnum,
                                                  reason)
+
+
+CORRUPTION_REPORT_FORMAT = """\
+report: Share Corruption
+type: {type}
+storage_index: {storage_index}
+share_number: {share_number}
+
+{reason}
+
+"""
+
+def render_corruption_report(share_type, si_s, shnum, reason):
+    """
+    Create a string that explains a corruption report using freeform text.
+
+    :param bytes share_type: The type of the share which the report is about.
+
+    :param bytes si_s: The encoded representation of the storage index which
+        the report is about.
+
+    :param int shnum: The share number which the report is about.
+
+    :param bytes reason: The reason given by the client for the corruption
+        report.
+    """
+    return CORRUPTION_REPORT_FORMAT.format(
+        type=bytes_to_native_str(share_type),
+        storage_index=bytes_to_native_str(si_s),
+        share_number=shnum,
+        reason=bytes_to_native_str(reason),
+    )
+
+def get_corruption_report_path(base_dir, now, si_s, shnum):
+    """
+    Determine the path to which a certain corruption report should be written.
+
+    :param str base_dir: The directory beneath which to construct the path.
+
+    :param str now: The time of the report.
+
+    :param str si_s: The encoded representation of the storage index which the
+        report is about.
+
+    :param int shnum: The share number which the report is about.
+
+    :return str: A path to which the report can be written.
+    """
+    # windows can't handle colons in the filename
+    return os.path.join(
+        base_dir,
+        ("%s--%s-%d" % (now, str(si_s, "utf-8"), shnum)).replace(":","")
+    )

src/allmydata/test/cli/test_admin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+"""
+Ported to Python 3.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from future.utils import PY2
+if PY2:
+    from future.builtins import filter, map, zip, ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow, round, super, bytes, dict, list, object, range, str, max, min  # noqa: F401
+
+from six.moves import StringIO
+
+from testtools.matchers import (
+    Contains,
+)
+
+from twisted.python.filepath import (
+    FilePath,
+)
+
+from allmydata.scripts.admin import (
+    migrate_crawler,
+)
+from allmydata.scripts.runner import (
+    Options,
+)
+from ..common import (
+    SyncTestCase,
+)
+
+class AdminMigrateCrawler(SyncTestCase):
+    """
+    Tests related to 'tahoe admin migrate-crawler'
+    """
+
+    def test_already(self):
+        """
+        We've already migrated; don't do it again.
+        """
+
+        root = FilePath(self.mktemp())
+        storage = root.child("storage")
+        storage.makedirs()
+        with storage.child("lease_checker.state.json").open("w") as f:
+            f.write(b"{}\n")
+
+        top = Options()
+        top.parseOptions([
+            "admin", "migrate-crawler",
+            "--basedir", storage.parent().path,
+        ])
+        options = top.subOptions
+        while hasattr(options, "subOptions"):
+            options = options.subOptions
+        options.stdout = StringIO()
+        migrate_crawler(options)
+
+        self.assertThat(
+            options.stdout.getvalue(),
+            Contains("Already converted:"),
+        )
+
+    def test_usage(self):
+        """
+        We've already migrated; don't do it again.
+        """
+
+        root = FilePath(self.mktemp())
+        storage = root.child("storage")
+        storage.makedirs()
+        with storage.child("lease_checker.state.json").open("w") as f:
+            f.write(b"{}\n")
+
+        top = Options()
+        top.parseOptions([
+            "admin", "migrate-crawler",
+            "--basedir", storage.parent().path,
+        ])
+        options = top.subOptions
+        while hasattr(options, "subOptions"):
+            options = options.subOptions
+        self.assertThat(
+            str(options),
+            Contains("security issues with pickle")
+        )

src/allmydata/test/common.py

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ from allmydata.interfaces import (
     SDMF_VERSION,
     MDMF_VERSION,
     IAddressFamily,
+    NoSpace,
 )
 from allmydata.check_results import CheckResults, CheckAndRepairResults, \
      DeepCheckResults, DeepCheckAndRepairResults
@@ -140,6 +141,42 @@ EMPTY_CLIENT_CONFIG = config_from_string(
     ""
 )
 
+@attr.s
+class FakeDisk(object):
+    """
+    Just enough of a disk to be able to report free / used information.
+    """
+    total = attr.ib()
+    used = attr.ib()
+
+    def use(self, num_bytes):
+        """
+        Mark some amount of available bytes as used (and no longer available).
+
+        :param int num_bytes: The number of bytes to use.
+
+        :raise NoSpace: If there are fewer bytes available than ``num_bytes``.
+
+        :return: ``None``
+        """
+        if num_bytes > self.total - self.used:
+            raise NoSpace()
+        self.used += num_bytes
+
+    @property
+    def available(self):
+        return self.total - self.used
+
+    def get_disk_stats(self, whichdir, reserved_space):
+        avail = self.available
+        return {
+            'total': self.total,
+            'free_for_root': avail,
+            'free_for_nonroot': avail,
+            'used': self.used,
+            'avail': avail - reserved_space,
+        }
+
 
 @attr.s
 class MemoryIntroducerClient(object):

src/allmydata/test/common_storage.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+def upload_immutable(storage_server, storage_index, renew_secret, cancel_secret, shares):
+    """
+    Synchronously upload some immutable shares to a ``StorageServer``.
+
+    :param allmydata.storage.server.StorageServer storage_server: The storage
+        server object to use to perform the upload.
+
+    :param bytes storage_index: The storage index for the immutable shares.
+
+    :param bytes renew_secret: The renew secret for the implicitly created lease.
+    :param bytes cancel_secret: The cancel secret for the implicitly created lease.
+
+    :param dict[int, bytes] shares: A mapping from share numbers to share data
+        to upload.  The data for all shares must be of the same length.
+
+    :return: ``None``
+    """
+    already, writers = storage_server.allocate_buckets(
+        storage_index,
+        renew_secret,
+        cancel_secret,
+        shares.keys(),
+        len(next(iter(shares.values()))),
+    )
+    for shnum, writer in writers.items():
+        writer.write(0, shares[shnum])
+        writer.close()
+
+
+def upload_mutable(storage_server, storage_index, secrets, shares):
+    """
+    Synchronously upload some mutable shares to a ``StorageServer``.
+
+    :param allmydata.storage.server.StorageServer storage_server: The storage
+        server object to use to perform the upload.
+
+    :param bytes storage_index: The storage index for the immutable shares.
+
+    :param secrets: A three-tuple of a write enabler, renew secret, and cancel
+        secret.
+
+    :param dict[int, bytes] shares: A mapping from share numbers to share data
+        to upload.
+
+    :return: ``None``
+    """
+    test_and_write_vectors = {
+        sharenum: ([], [(0, data)], None)
+        for sharenum, data
+        in shares.items()
+    }
+    read_vector = []
+
+    storage_server.slot_testv_and_readv_and_writev(
+        storage_index,
+        secrets,
+        test_and_write_vectors,
+        read_vector,
+    )

src/allmydata/test/data/lease_checker.history.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+(dp0
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+p2
+(S'age'
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src/allmydata/test/data/lease_checker.state.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+(dp1
+S'last-complete-prefix'
+p2
+NsS'version'
+p3
+I1
+sS'current-cycle-start-time'
+p4
+F1635003106.611748
+sS'last-cycle-finished'
+p5
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+tp123
+I3
+s(I38880000
+I38966400
+tp124
+I3
+s(I12528000
+I12614400
+tp125
+I193
+s(I10454400
+I10540800
+tp126
+I1239
+s(I11750400
+I11836800
+tp127
+I7
+s(I950400
+I1036800
+tp128
+I4435
+s(I44409600
+I44496000
+tp129
+I13
+s(I12787200
+I12873600
+tp130
+I218
+s(I10368000
+I10454400
+tp131
+I117
+s(I3283200
+I3369600
+tp132
+I86
+s(I7516800
+I7603200
+tp133
+I993
+s(I42336000
+I42422400
+tp134
+I33
+s(I46310400
+I46396800
+tp135
+I1
+s(I39052800
+I39139200
+tp136
+I51
+s(I7603200
+I7689600
+tp137
+I2004
+s(I10540800
+I10627200
+tp138
+I16
+s(I36374400
+I36460800
+tp139
+I3
+s(I3369600
+I3456000
+tp140
+I79
+s(I12700800
+I12787200
+tp141
+I25
+s(I4838400
+I4924800
+tp142
+I386
+s(I10972800
+I11059200
+tp143
+I122
+s(I8812800
+I8899200
+tp144
+I57
+s(I38966400
+I39052800
+tp145
+I61
+s(I3196800
+I3283200
+tp146
+I628
+s(I9244800
+I9331200
+tp147
+I73
+s(I30499200
+I30585600
+tp148
+I5
+s(I12009600
+I12096000
+tp149
+I329
+s(I12960000
+I13046400
+tp150
+I8
+s(I12614400
+I12700800
+tp151
+I210
+s(I3801600
+I3888000
+tp152
+I32
+s(I10627200
+I10713600
+tp153
+I43
+s(I44928000
+I45014400
+tp154
+I2
+s(I8208000
+I8294400
+tp155
+I38
+s(I8640000
+I8726400
+tp156
+I32
+s(I7344000
+I7430400
+tp157
+I12689
+s(I49075200
+I49161600
+tp158
+I19
+s(I2764800
+I2851200
+tp159
+I76
+s(I2592000
+I2678400
+tp160
+I40
+s(I2073600
+I2160000
+tp161
+I388
+s(I37497600
+I37584000
+tp162
+I11
+s(I1641600
+I1728000
+tp163
+I78
+s(I12873600
+I12960000
+tp164
+I5
+s(I1814400
+I1900800
+tp165
+I1860
+s(I40176000
+I40262400
+tp166
+I1
+s(I3715200
+I3801600
+tp167
+I104
+s(I2332800
+I2419200
+tp168
+I12
+s(I2678400
+I2764800
+tp169
+I278
+s(I12268800
+I12355200
+tp170
+I2
+s(I28771200
+I28857600
+tp171
+I6
+s(I41990400
+I42076800
+tp172
+I10
+sssS'last-complete-bucket'
+p173
+NsS'current-cycle'
+p174
+Ns.

src/allmydata/test/strategies.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from hypothesis.strategies import (
     one_of,
     builds,
     binary,
+    integers,
 )
 
 from ..uri import (
@@ -119,3 +120,17 @@ def dir2_mdmf_capabilities():
         MDMFDirectoryURI,
         mdmf_capabilities(),
     )
+
+def offsets(min_value=0, max_value=2 ** 16):
+    """
+    Build ``int`` values that could be used as valid offsets into a sequence
+    (such as share data in a share file).
+    """
+    return integers(min_value, max_value)
+
+def lengths(min_value=1, max_value=2 ** 16):
+    """
+    Build ``int`` values that could be used as valid lengths of data (such as
+    share data in a share file).
+    """
+    return integers(min_value, max_value)

src/allmydata/test/test_auth.py

@@ -8,7 +8,16 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from future.utils import PY2
 if PY2:
-    from future.builtins import str  # noqa: F401
+    from future.builtins import str, open  # noqa: F401
+
+from hypothesis import (
+    given,
+)
+from hypothesis.strategies import (
+    text,
+    characters,
+    lists,
+)
 
 from twisted.trial import unittest
 from twisted.python import filepath
@@ -38,25 +47,184 @@ dBSD8940XU3YW+oeq8e+p3yQ2GinHfeJ3BYQyNQLuMAJ
 -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
 """)
 
-DUMMY_ACCOUNTS = u"""\
+DUMMY_KEY_DSA = keys.Key.fromString("""\
-alice herpassword URI:DIR2:aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
-bob sekrit URI:DIR2:bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb:2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222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+-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
+""")
 
-# dennis password URI:DIR2:aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+ACCOUNTS = u"""\
+# dennis {key} URI:DIR2:aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
 carol {key} URI:DIR2:cccccccccccccccccccccccccc:3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333
 """.format(key=str(DUMMY_KEY.public().toString("openssh"), "ascii")).encode("ascii")
 
+# Python str.splitlines considers NEXT LINE, LINE SEPARATOR, and PARAGRAPH
+# separator to be line separators, too.  However, file.readlines() does not...
+LINE_SEPARATORS = (
+    '\x0a', # line feed
+    '\x0b', # vertical tab
+    '\x0c', # form feed
+    '\x0d', # carriage return
+)
+
+class AccountFileParserTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Tests for ``load_account_file`` and its helper functions.
+    """
+    @given(lists(
+        text(alphabet=characters(
+            blacklist_categories=(
+                # Surrogates are an encoding trick to help out UTF-16.
+                # They're not necessary to represent any non-surrogate code
+                # point in unicode.  They're also not legal individually but
+                # only in pairs.
+                'Cs',
+            ),
+            # Exclude all our line separators too.
+            blacklist_characters=("\n", "\r"),
+        )),
+    ))
+    def test_ignore_comments(self, lines):
+        """
+        ``auth.content_lines`` filters out lines beginning with `#` and empty
+        lines.
+        """
+        expected = set()
+
+        # It's not clear that real files and StringIO behave sufficiently
+        # similarly to use the latter instead of the former here.  In
+        # particular, they seem to have distinct and incompatible
+        # line-splitting rules.
+        bufpath = self.mktemp()
+        with open(bufpath, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as buf:
+            for line in lines:
+                stripped = line.strip()
+                is_content = stripped and not stripped.startswith("#")
+                if is_content:
+                    expected.add(stripped)
+                buf.write(line + "\n")
+
+        with auth.open_account_file(bufpath) as buf:
+            actual = set(auth.content_lines(buf))
+
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_parse_accounts(self):
+        """
+        ``auth.parse_accounts`` accepts an iterator of account lines and returns
+        an iterator of structured account data.
+        """
+        alice_key = DUMMY_KEY.public().toString("openssh").decode("utf-8")
+        alice_cap = "URI:DIR2:aaaa:1111"
+
+        bob_key = DUMMY_KEY_DSA.public().toString("openssh").decode("utf-8")
+        bob_cap = "URI:DIR2:aaaa:2222"
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(auth.parse_accounts([
+                "alice {} {}".format(alice_key, alice_cap),
+                "bob {} {}".format(bob_key, bob_cap),
+            ])),
+            [
+                ("alice", DUMMY_KEY.public(), alice_cap),
+                ("bob", DUMMY_KEY_DSA.public(), bob_cap),
+            ],
+        )
+
+    def test_parse_accounts_rejects_passwords(self):
+        """
+        The iterator returned by ``auth.parse_accounts`` raises ``ValueError``
+        when processing reaches a line that has what looks like a password
+        instead of an ssh key.
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            list(auth.parse_accounts(["alice apassword URI:DIR2:aaaa:1111"]))
+
+    def test_create_account_maps(self):
+        """
+        ``auth.create_account_maps`` accepts an iterator of structured account
+        data and returns two mappings: one from account name to rootcap, the
+        other from account name to public keys.
+        """
+        alice_cap = "URI:DIR2:aaaa:1111"
+        alice_key = DUMMY_KEY.public()
+        bob_cap = "URI:DIR2:aaaa:2222"
+        bob_key = DUMMY_KEY_DSA.public()
+        accounts = [
+            ("alice", alice_key, alice_cap),
+            ("bob", bob_key, bob_cap),
+        ]
+        self.assertEqual(
+            auth.create_account_maps(accounts),
+            ({
+                b"alice": alice_cap.encode("utf-8"),
+                b"bob": bob_cap.encode("utf-8"),
+            },
+             {
+                 b"alice": [alice_key],
+                 b"bob": [bob_key],
+             }),
+        )
+
+    def test_load_account_file(self):
+        """
+        ``auth.load_account_file`` accepts an iterator of serialized account lines
+        and returns two mappings: one from account name to rootcap, the other
+        from account name to public keys.
+        """
+        alice_key = DUMMY_KEY.public().toString("openssh").decode("utf-8")
+        alice_cap = "URI:DIR2:aaaa:1111"
+
+        bob_key = DUMMY_KEY_DSA.public().toString("openssh").decode("utf-8")
+        bob_cap = "URI:DIR2:aaaa:2222"
+
+        accounts = [
+            "alice {} {}".format(alice_key, alice_cap),
+            "bob {} {}".format(bob_key, bob_cap),
+            "# carol {} {}".format(alice_key, alice_cap),
+        ]
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            auth.load_account_file(accounts),
+            ({
+                b"alice": alice_cap.encode("utf-8"),
+                b"bob": bob_cap.encode("utf-8"),
+            },
+             {
+                 b"alice": [DUMMY_KEY.public()],
+                 b"bob": [DUMMY_KEY_DSA.public()],
+             }),
+        )
+
+
 class AccountFileCheckerKeyTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     Tests for key handling done by allmydata.frontends.auth.AccountFileChecker.
     """
     def setUp(self):
         self.account_file = filepath.FilePath(self.mktemp())
-        self.account_file.setContent(DUMMY_ACCOUNTS)
+        self.account_file.setContent(ACCOUNTS)
         abspath = abspath_expanduser_unicode(str(self.account_file.path))
         self.checker = auth.AccountFileChecker(None, abspath)
 
-    def test_unknown_user_ssh(self):
+    def test_unknown_user(self):
         """
         AccountFileChecker.requestAvatarId returns a Deferred that fires with
         UnauthorizedLogin if called with an SSHPrivateKey object with a
@@ -67,67 +235,6 @@ class AccountFileCheckerKeyTests(unittest.TestCase):
         avatarId = self.checker.requestAvatarId(key_credentials)
         return self.assertFailure(avatarId, error.UnauthorizedLogin)
 
-    def test_unknown_user_password(self):
-        """
-        AccountFileChecker.requestAvatarId returns a Deferred that fires with
-        UnauthorizedLogin if called with an SSHPrivateKey object with a
-        username not present in the account file.
-
-        We use a commented out user, so we're also checking that comments are
-        skipped.
-        """
-        key_credentials = credentials.UsernamePassword(b"dennis", b"password")
-        d = self.checker.requestAvatarId(key_credentials)
-        return self.assertFailure(d, error.UnauthorizedLogin)
-
-    def test_password_auth_user_with_ssh_key(self):
-        """
-        AccountFileChecker.requestAvatarId returns a Deferred that fires with
-        UnauthorizedLogin if called with an SSHPrivateKey object for a username
-        only associated with a password in the account file.
-        """
-        key_credentials = credentials.SSHPrivateKey(
-            b"alice", b"md5", None, None, None)
-        avatarId = self.checker.requestAvatarId(key_credentials)
-        return self.assertFailure(avatarId, error.UnauthorizedLogin)
-
-    def test_password_auth_user_with_correct_password(self):
-        """
-        AccountFileChecker.requestAvatarId returns a Deferred that fires with
-        the user if the correct password is given.
-        """
-        key_credentials = credentials.UsernamePassword(b"alice", b"herpassword")
-        d = self.checker.requestAvatarId(key_credentials)
-        def authenticated(avatarId):
-            self.assertEqual(
-                (b"alice",
-                 b"URI:DIR2:aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111"),
-                (avatarId.username, avatarId.rootcap))
-        return d
-
-    def test_password_auth_user_with_correct_hashed_password(self):
-        """
-        AccountFileChecker.requestAvatarId returns a Deferred that fires with
-        the user if the correct password is given in hashed form.
-        """
-        key_credentials = credentials.UsernameHashedPassword(b"alice", b"herpassword")
-        d = self.checker.requestAvatarId(key_credentials)
-        def authenticated(avatarId):
-            self.assertEqual(
-                (b"alice",
-                 b"URI:DIR2:aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111"),
-                (avatarId.username, avatarId.rootcap))
-        return d
-
-    def test_password_auth_user_with_wrong_password(self):
-        """
-        AccountFileChecker.requestAvatarId returns a Deferred that fires with
-        UnauthorizedLogin if the wrong password is given.
-        """
-        key_credentials = credentials.UsernamePassword(b"alice", b"WRONG")
-        avatarId = self.checker.requestAvatarId(key_credentials)
-        return self.assertFailure(avatarId, error.UnauthorizedLogin)
-
     def test_unrecognized_key(self):
         """
         AccountFileChecker.requestAvatarId returns a Deferred that fires with

src/allmydata/test/test_download.py

@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ class DownloadTest(_Base, unittest.TestCase):
         d.addCallback(_done)
         return d
 
-    def test_simultaneous_onefails_onecancelled(self):
+    def test_simul_1fail_1cancel(self):
         # This exercises an mplayer behavior in ticket #1154. I believe that
         # mplayer made two simultaneous webapi GET requests: first one for an
         # index region at the end of the (mp3/video) file, then one for the
@@ -1113,9 +1113,17 @@ class Corruption(_Base, unittest.TestCase):
                 d.addCallback(_download, imm_uri, i, expected)
                 d.addCallback(lambda ign: self.restore_all_shares(self.shares))
                 d.addCallback(fireEventually)
-            corrupt_values = [(3, 2, "no-sh2"),
+            corrupt_values = [
-                              (15, 2, "need-4th"), # share looks v2
+                # Make the container version for share number 2 look
-                              ]
+                # unsupported.  If you add support for immutable share file
+                # version number much past 16 million then you will have to
+                # update this test.  Also maybe you have other problems.
+                (1, 255, "no-sh2"),
+                # Make the immutable share number 2 (not the container, the
+                # thing inside the container) look unsupported.  Ditto the
+                # above about version numbers in the ballpark of 16 million.
+                (13, 255, "need-4th"),
+            ]
             for i,newvalue,expected in corrupt_values:
                 d.addCallback(self._corrupt_set, imm_uri, i, newvalue)
                 d.addCallback(_download, imm_uri, i, expected)

src/allmydata/test/test_storage.py

@@ -13,14 +13,22 @@ if PY2:
     from future.builtins import filter, map, zip, ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow, round, super, bytes, dict, list, object, range, str, max, min  # noqa: F401
 from six import ensure_str
 
+from io import (
+    BytesIO,
+)
 import time
 import os.path
 import platform
 import stat
 import struct
 import shutil
+from functools import partial
 from uuid import uuid4
 
+from testtools.matchers import (
+    HasLength,
+)
+
 from twisted.trial import unittest
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
@@ -36,10 +44,16 @@ from allmydata.storage.server import (
 )
 from allmydata.storage.shares import get_share_file
 from allmydata.storage.mutable import MutableShareFile
+from allmydata.storage.mutable_schema import (
+    ALL_SCHEMAS as ALL_MUTABLE_SCHEMAS,
+)
 from allmydata.storage.immutable import (
     BucketWriter, BucketReader, ShareFile, FoolscapBucketWriter,
     FoolscapBucketReader,
 )
+from allmydata.storage.immutable_schema import (
+    ALL_SCHEMAS as ALL_IMMUTABLE_SCHEMAS,
+)
 from allmydata.storage.common import storage_index_to_dir, \
      UnknownMutableContainerVersionError, UnknownImmutableContainerVersionError, \
      si_b2a, si_a2b
@@ -61,8 +75,21 @@ from allmydata.test.no_network import NoNetworkServer
 from allmydata.storage_client import (
     _StorageServer,
 )
-from .common import LoggingServiceParent, ShouldFailMixin
+from .common import (
+    LoggingServiceParent,
+    ShouldFailMixin,
+    FakeDisk,
+    SyncTestCase,
+)
 from .common_util import FakeCanary
+from .common_storage import (
+    upload_immutable,
+    upload_mutable,
+)
+from .strategies import (
+    offsets,
+    lengths,
+)
 
 
 class UtilTests(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -107,6 +134,7 @@ class FakeStatsProvider(object):
     def register_producer(self, producer):
         pass
 
+
 class Bucket(unittest.TestCase):
     def make_workdir(self, name):
         basedir = os.path.join("storage", "Bucket", name)
@@ -756,7 +784,9 @@ class Server(unittest.TestCase):
 
         e = self.failUnlessRaises(UnknownImmutableContainerVersionError,
                                   ss.get_buckets, b"si1")
-        self.failUnlessIn(" had version 0 but we wanted 1", str(e))
+        self.assertEqual(e.filename, fn)
+        self.assertEqual(e.version, 0)
+        self.assertIn("had unexpected version 0", str(e))
 
     def test_disconnect(self):
         # simulate a disconnection
@@ -784,6 +814,72 @@ class Server(unittest.TestCase):
         self.failUnlessEqual(already, set())
         self.failUnlessEqual(set(writers.keys()), set([0,1,2]))
 
+    def test_reserved_space_immutable_lease(self):
+        """
+        If there is not enough available space to store an additional lease on an
+        immutable share then ``remote_add_lease`` fails with ``NoSpace`` when
+        an attempt is made to use it to create a new lease.
+        """
+        disk = FakeDisk(total=1024, used=0)
+        self.patch(fileutil, "get_disk_stats", disk.get_disk_stats)
+
+        ss = self.create("test_reserved_space_immutable_lease")
+
+        storage_index = b"x" * 16
+        renew_secret = b"r" * 32
+        cancel_secret = b"c" * 32
+        shares = {0: b"y" * 500}
+        upload_immutable(ss, storage_index, renew_secret, cancel_secret, shares)
+
+        # use up all the available space
+        disk.use(disk.available)
+
+        # Different secrets to produce a different lease, not a renewal.
+        renew_secret = b"R" * 32
+        cancel_secret = b"C" * 32
+        with self.assertRaises(interfaces.NoSpace):
+            ss.add_lease(storage_index, renew_secret, cancel_secret)
+
+    def test_reserved_space_mutable_lease(self):
+        """
+        If there is not enough available space to store an additional lease on a
+        mutable share then ``remote_add_lease`` fails with ``NoSpace`` when an
+        attempt is made to use it to create a new lease.
+        """
+        disk = FakeDisk(total=1024, used=0)
+        self.patch(fileutil, "get_disk_stats", disk.get_disk_stats)
+
+        ss = self.create("test_reserved_space_mutable_lease")
+
+        renew_secrets = iter(
+            "{}{}".format("r" * 31, i).encode("ascii")
+            for i
+            in range(5)
+        )
+
+        storage_index = b"x" * 16
+        write_enabler = b"w" * 32
+        cancel_secret = b"c" * 32
+        secrets = (write_enabler, next(renew_secrets), cancel_secret)
+        shares = {0: b"y" * 500}
+        upload_mutable(ss, storage_index, secrets, shares)
+
+        # use up all the available space
+        disk.use(disk.available)
+
+        # The upload created one lease.  There is room for three more leases
+        # in the share header.  Even if we're out of disk space, on a boring
+        # enough filesystem we can write these.
+        for i in range(3):
+            ss.add_lease(storage_index, next(renew_secrets), cancel_secret)
+
+        # Having used all of the space for leases in the header, we would have
+        # to allocate storage for the next lease.  Since there is no space
+        # available, this must fail instead.
+        with self.assertRaises(interfaces.NoSpace):
+            ss.add_lease(storage_index, next(renew_secrets), cancel_secret)
+
+
     def test_reserved_space(self):
         reserved = 10000
         allocated = 0
@@ -910,6 +1006,9 @@ class Server(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Create a bucket:
         rs0, cs0 = self.create_bucket_5_shares(ss, b"si0")
+
+        # Upload of an immutable implies creation of a single lease with the
+        # supplied secrets.
         (lease,) = ss.get_leases(b"si0")
         self.assertTrue(lease.is_renew_secret(rs0))
 
@@ -1041,12 +1140,34 @@ class Server(unittest.TestCase):
         self.failUnlessEqual(set(b.keys()), set([0,1,2]))
         self.failUnlessEqual(b[0].read(0, 25), b"\x00" * 25)
 
+    def test_reserved_space_advise_corruption(self):
+        """
+        If there is no available space then ``remote_advise_corrupt_share`` does
+        not write a corruption report.
+        """
+        disk = FakeDisk(total=1024, used=1024)
+        self.patch(fileutil, "get_disk_stats", disk.get_disk_stats)
+
+        workdir = self.workdir("test_reserved_space_advise_corruption")
+        ss = StorageServer(workdir, b"\x00" * 20, discard_storage=True)
+        ss.setServiceParent(self.sparent)
+
+        upload_immutable(ss, b"si0", b"r" * 32, b"c" * 32, {0: b""})
+        ss.advise_corrupt_share(b"immutable", b"si0", 0,
+                                b"This share smells funny.\n")
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [],
+            os.listdir(ss.corruption_advisory_dir),
+        )
+
     def test_advise_corruption(self):
         workdir = self.workdir("test_advise_corruption")
         ss = StorageServer(workdir, b"\x00" * 20, discard_storage=True)
         ss.setServiceParent(self.sparent)
 
         si0_s = base32.b2a(b"si0")
+        upload_immutable(ss, b"si0", b"r" * 32, b"c" * 32, {0: b""})
         ss.advise_corrupt_share(b"immutable", b"si0", 0,
                                 b"This share smells funny.\n")
         reportdir = os.path.join(workdir, "corruption-advisories")
@@ -1085,6 +1206,26 @@ class Server(unittest.TestCase):
         self.failUnlessIn(b"share_number: 1", report)
         self.failUnlessIn(b"This share tastes like dust.", report)
 
+    def test_advise_corruption_missing(self):
+        """
+        If a corruption advisory is received for a share that is not present on
+        this server then it is not persisted.
+        """
+        workdir = self.workdir("test_advise_corruption_missing")
+        ss = StorageServer(workdir, b"\x00" * 20, discard_storage=True)
+        ss.setServiceParent(self.sparent)
+
+        # Upload one share for this storage index
+        upload_immutable(ss, b"si0", b"r" * 32, b"c" * 32, {0: b""})
+
+        # And try to submit a corruption advisory about a different share
+        ss.advise_corrupt_share(b"immutable", b"si0", 1,
+                                b"This share smells funny.\n")
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [],
+            os.listdir(ss.corruption_advisory_dir),
+        )
 
 
 class MutableServer(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -1154,8 +1295,10 @@ class MutableServer(unittest.TestCase):
         read = ss.slot_readv
         e = self.failUnlessRaises(UnknownMutableContainerVersionError,
                                   read, b"si1", [0], [(0,10)])
-        self.failUnlessIn(" had magic ", str(e))
+        self.assertEqual(e.filename, fn)
-        self.failUnlessIn(" but we wanted ", str(e))
+        self.assertTrue(e.version.startswith(b"BAD MAGIC"))
+        self.assertIn("had unexpected version", str(e))
+        self.assertIn("BAD MAGIC", str(e))
 
     def test_container_size(self):
         ss = self.create("test_container_size")
@@ -1378,14 +1521,25 @@ class MutableServer(unittest.TestCase):
                                       2: [b"2"*10]})
 
     def compare_leases_without_timestamps(self, leases_a, leases_b):
-        self.failUnlessEqual(len(leases_a), len(leases_b))
+        """
-        for i in range(len(leases_a)):
+        Assert that, except for expiration times, ``leases_a`` contains the same
-            a = leases_a[i]
+        lease information as ``leases_b``.
-            b = leases_b[i]
+        """
-            self.failUnlessEqual(a.owner_num,       b.owner_num)
+        for a, b in zip(leases_a, leases_b):
-            self.failUnlessEqual(a.renew_secret,    b.renew_secret)
+            # The leases aren't always of the same type (though of course
-            self.failUnlessEqual(a.cancel_secret,   b.cancel_secret)
+            # corresponding elements in the two lists should be of the same
-            self.failUnlessEqual(a.nodeid,          b.nodeid)
+            # type as each other) so it's inconvenient to just reach in and
+            # normalize the expiration timestamp.  We don't want to call
+            # `renew` on both objects to normalize the expiration timestamp in
+            # case `renew` is broken and gives us back equal outputs from
+            # non-equal inputs (expiration timestamp aside).  It seems
+            # reasonably safe to use `renew` to make _one_ of the timestamps
+            # equal to the other though.
+            self.assertEqual(
+                a.renew(b.get_expiration_time()),
+                b,
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(len(leases_a), len(leases_b))
 
     def test_leases(self):
         ss = self.create("test_leases")
@@ -3151,50 +3305,114 @@ class Stats(unittest.TestCase):
         self.failUnless(output["get"]["99_0_percentile"] is None, output)
         self.failUnless(output["get"]["99_9_percentile"] is None, output)
 
+immutable_schemas = strategies.sampled_from(list(ALL_IMMUTABLE_SCHEMAS))
 
 class ShareFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Tests for allmydata.storage.immutable.ShareFile."""
 
-    def get_sharefile(self):
+    def get_sharefile(self, **kwargs):
-        sf = ShareFile(self.mktemp(), max_size=1000, create=True)
+        sf = ShareFile(self.mktemp(), max_size=1000, create=True, **kwargs)
         sf.write_share_data(0, b"abc")
         sf.write_share_data(2, b"DEF")
         # Should be b'abDEF' now.
         return sf
 
-    def test_read_write(self):
+    @given(immutable_schemas)
+    def test_read_write(self, schema):
         """Basic writes can be read."""
-        sf = self.get_sharefile()
+        sf = self.get_sharefile(schema=schema)
         self.assertEqual(sf.read_share_data(0, 3), b"abD")
         self.assertEqual(sf.read_share_data(1, 4), b"bDEF")
 
-    def test_reads_beyond_file_end(self):
+    @given(immutable_schemas)
+    def test_reads_beyond_file_end(self, schema):
         """Reads beyond the file size are truncated."""
-        sf = self.get_sharefile()
+        sf = self.get_sharefile(schema=schema)
         self.assertEqual(sf.read_share_data(0, 10), b"abDEF")
         self.assertEqual(sf.read_share_data(5, 10), b"")
 
-    def test_too_large_write(self):
+    @given(immutable_schemas)
+    def test_too_large_write(self, schema):
         """Can't do write larger than file size."""
-        sf = self.get_sharefile()
+        sf = self.get_sharefile(schema=schema)
         with self.assertRaises(DataTooLargeError):
             sf.write_share_data(0, b"x" * 3000)
 
-    def test_no_leases_cancelled(self):
+    @given(immutable_schemas)
+    def test_no_leases_cancelled(self, schema):
         """If no leases were cancelled, IndexError is raised."""
-        sf = self.get_sharefile()
+        sf = self.get_sharefile(schema=schema)
         with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
             sf.cancel_lease(b"garbage")
 
-    def test_renew_secret(self):
+    @given(immutable_schemas)
+    def test_long_lease_count_format(self, schema):
         """
-        A lease loaded from a share file can have its renew secret verified.
+        ``ShareFile.__init__`` raises ``ValueError`` if the lease count format
+        given is longer than one character.
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.get_sharefile(schema=schema, lease_count_format="BB")
+
+    @given(immutable_schemas)
+    def test_large_lease_count_format(self, schema):
+        """
+        ``ShareFile.__init__`` raises ``ValueError`` if the lease count format
+        encodes to a size larger than 8 bytes.
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.get_sharefile(schema=schema, lease_count_format="Q")
+
+    @given(immutable_schemas)
+    def test_avoid_lease_overflow(self, schema):
+        """
+        If the share file already has the maximum number of leases supported then
+        ``ShareFile.add_lease`` raises ``struct.error`` and makes no changes
+        to the share file contents.
+        """
+        make_lease = partial(
+            LeaseInfo,
+            renew_secret=b"r" * 32,
+            cancel_secret=b"c" * 32,
+            expiration_time=2 ** 31,
+        )
+        # Make it a little easier to reach the condition by limiting the
+        # number of leases to only 255.
+        sf = self.get_sharefile(schema=schema, lease_count_format="B")
+
+        # Add the leases.
+        for i in range(2 ** 8 - 1):
+            lease = make_lease(owner_num=i)
+            sf.add_lease(lease)
+
+        # Capture the state of the share file at this point so we can
+        # determine whether the next operation modifies it or not.
+        with open(sf.home, "rb") as f:
+            before_data = f.read()
+
+        # It is not possible to add a 256th lease.
+        lease = make_lease(owner_num=256)
+        with self.assertRaises(struct.error):
+            sf.add_lease(lease)
+
+        # Compare the share file state to what we captured earlier.  Any
+        # change is a bug.
+        with open(sf.home, "rb") as f:
+            after_data = f.read()
+
+        self.assertEqual(before_data, after_data)
+
+    @given(immutable_schemas)
+    def test_renew_secret(self, schema):
+        """
+        A lease loaded from an immutable share file at any schema version can have
+        its renew secret verified.
         """
         renew_secret = b"r" * 32
         cancel_secret = b"c" * 32
         expiration_time = 2 ** 31
 
-        sf = self.get_sharefile()
+        sf = self.get_sharefile(schema=schema)
         lease = LeaseInfo(
             owner_num=0,
             renew_secret=renew_secret,
@@ -3205,15 +3423,17 @@ class ShareFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         (loaded_lease,) = sf.get_leases()
         self.assertTrue(loaded_lease.is_renew_secret(renew_secret))
 
-    def test_cancel_secret(self):
+    @given(immutable_schemas)
+    def test_cancel_secret(self, schema):
         """
-        A lease loaded from a share file can have its cancel secret verified.
+        A lease loaded from an immutable share file at any schema version can have
+        its cancel secret verified.
         """
         renew_secret = b"r" * 32
         cancel_secret = b"c" * 32
         expiration_time = 2 ** 31
 
-        sf = self.get_sharefile()
+        sf = self.get_sharefile(schema=schema)
         lease = LeaseInfo(
             owner_num=0,
             renew_secret=renew_secret,
@@ -3224,8 +3444,121 @@ class ShareFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         (loaded_lease,) = sf.get_leases()
         self.assertTrue(loaded_lease.is_cancel_secret(cancel_secret))
 
+mutable_schemas = strategies.sampled_from(list(ALL_MUTABLE_SCHEMAS))
 
-class LeaseInfoTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class MutableShareFileTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Tests for allmydata.storage.mutable.MutableShareFile.
+    """
+    def get_sharefile(self, **kwargs):
+        return MutableShareFile(self.mktemp(), **kwargs)
+
+    @given(
+        schema=mutable_schemas,
+        nodeid=strategies.just(b"x" * 20),
+        write_enabler=strategies.just(b"y" * 32),
+        datav=strategies.lists(
+            # Limit the max size of these so we don't write *crazy* amounts of
+            # data to disk.
+            strategies.tuples(offsets(), strategies.binary(max_size=2 ** 8)),
+            max_size=2 ** 8,
+        ),
+        new_length=offsets(),
+    )
+    def test_readv_reads_share_data(self, schema, nodeid, write_enabler, datav, new_length):
+        """
+        ``MutableShareFile.readv`` returns bytes from the share data portion
+        of the share file.
+        """
+        sf = self.get_sharefile(schema=schema)
+        sf.create(my_nodeid=nodeid, write_enabler=write_enabler)
+        sf.writev(datav=datav, new_length=new_length)
+
+        # Apply all of the writes to a simple in-memory buffer so we can
+        # resolve the final state of the share data.  In particular, this
+        # helps deal with overlapping writes which otherwise make it tricky to
+        # figure out what data to expect to be able to read back.
+        buf = BytesIO()
+        for (offset, data) in datav:
+            buf.seek(offset)
+            buf.write(data)
+        buf.truncate(new_length)
+
+        # Using that buffer, determine the expected result of a readv for all
+        # of the data just written.
+        def read_from_buf(offset, length):
+            buf.seek(offset)
+            return buf.read(length)
+        expected_data = list(
+            read_from_buf(offset, len(data))
+            for (offset, data)
+            in datav
+        )
+
+        # Perform a read that gives back all of the data written to the share
+        # file.
+        read_vectors = list((offset, len(data)) for (offset, data) in datav)
+        read_data = sf.readv(read_vectors)
+
+        # Make sure the read reproduces the value we computed using our local
+        # buffer.
+        self.assertEqual(expected_data, read_data)
+
+    @given(
+        schema=mutable_schemas,
+        nodeid=strategies.just(b"x" * 20),
+        write_enabler=strategies.just(b"y" * 32),
+        readv=strategies.lists(strategies.tuples(offsets(), lengths()), min_size=1),
+        random=strategies.randoms(),
+    )
+    def test_readv_rejects_negative_length(self, schema, nodeid, write_enabler, readv, random):
+        """
+        If a negative length is given to ``MutableShareFile.readv`` in a read
+        vector then ``AssertionError`` is raised.
+        """
+        # Pick a read vector to break with a negative value
+        readv_index = random.randrange(len(readv))
+        # Decide on whether we're breaking offset or length
+        offset_or_length = random.randrange(2)
+
+        # A helper function that will take a valid offset and length and break
+        # one of them.
+        def corrupt(break_length, offset, length):
+            if break_length:
+                # length must not be 0 or flipping the sign does nothing
+                # length must not be negative or flipping the sign *fixes* it
+                assert length > 0
+                return (offset, -length)
+            else:
+                if offset > 0:
+                    # We can break offset just by flipping the sign.
+                    return (-offset, length)
+                else:
+                    # Otherwise it has to be zero.  If it was negative, what's
+                    # going on?
+                    assert offset == 0
+                    # Since we can't just flip the sign on 0 to break things,
+                    # replace a 0 offset with a simple negative value.  All
+                    # other negative values will be tested by the `offset > 0`
+                    # case above.
+                    return (-1, length)
+
+        # Break the read vector very slightly!
+        broken_readv = readv[:]
+        broken_readv[readv_index] = corrupt(
+            offset_or_length,
+            *broken_readv[readv_index]
+        )
+
+        sf = self.get_sharefile(schema=schema)
+        sf.create(my_nodeid=nodeid, write_enabler=write_enabler)
+
+        # A read with a broken read vector is an error.
+        with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
+            sf.readv(broken_readv)
+
+
+class LeaseInfoTests(SyncTestCase):
     """
     Tests for ``allmydata.storage.lease.LeaseInfo``.
     """
@@ -3284,3 +3617,30 @@ class LeaseInfoTests(unittest.TestCase):
             cancel_secret=cancel_secret,
         )
         self.assertFalse(lease.is_cancel_secret(renew_secret))
+
+    @given(
+        strategies.tuples(
+            strategies.integers(min_value=0, max_value=2 ** 31 - 1),
+            strategies.binary(min_size=32, max_size=32),
+            strategies.binary(min_size=32, max_size=32),
+            strategies.integers(min_value=0, max_value=2 ** 31 - 1),
+            strategies.binary(min_size=20, max_size=20),
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_immutable_size(self, initializer_args):
+        """
+        ``LeaseInfo.immutable_size`` returns the length of the result of
+        ``LeaseInfo.to_immutable_data``.
+
+        ``LeaseInfo.mutable_size`` returns the length of the result of
+        ``LeaseInfo.to_mutable_data``.
+        """
+        info = LeaseInfo(*initializer_args)
+        self.expectThat(
+            info.to_immutable_data(),
+            HasLength(info.immutable_size()),
+        )
+        self.expectThat(
+            info.to_mutable_data(),
+            HasLength(info.mutable_size()),
+        )

src/allmydata/test/test_storage_http.py

@@ -63,7 +63,22 @@ class HTTPTests(TestCase):
     def test_version(self):
         """
         The client can return the version.
+
+        We ignore available disk space and max immutable share size, since that
+        might change across calls.
         """
         version = yield self.client.get_version()
+        version[b"http://allmydata.org/tahoe/protocols/storage/v1"].pop(
+            b"available-space"
+        )
+        version[b"http://allmydata.org/tahoe/protocols/storage/v1"].pop(
+            b"maximum-immutable-share-size"
+        )
         expected_version = self.storage_server.get_version()
+        expected_version[b"http://allmydata.org/tahoe/protocols/storage/v1"].pop(
+            b"available-space"
+        )
+        expected_version[b"http://allmydata.org/tahoe/protocols/storage/v1"].pop(
+            b"maximum-immutable-share-size"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(version, expected_version)

src/allmydata/test/test_storage_web.py

@@ -19,25 +19,40 @@ import time
 import os.path
 import re
 import json
+from unittest import skipIf
+from six.moves import StringIO
 
 from twisted.trial import unittest
-
 from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.application import service
 from twisted.web.template import flattenString
+from twisted.python.filepath import FilePath
+from twisted.python.runtime import platform
 
 from foolscap.api import fireEventually
 from allmydata.util import fileutil, hashutil, base32, pollmixin
 from allmydata.storage.common import storage_index_to_dir, \
      UnknownMutableContainerVersionError, UnknownImmutableContainerVersionError
 from allmydata.storage.server import StorageServer
-from allmydata.storage.crawler import BucketCountingCrawler
+from allmydata.storage.crawler import (
-from allmydata.storage.expirer import LeaseCheckingCrawler
+    BucketCountingCrawler,
+    _LeaseStateSerializer,
+)
+from allmydata.storage.expirer import (
+    LeaseCheckingCrawler,
+    _HistorySerializer,
+)
 from allmydata.web.storage import (
     StorageStatus,
     StorageStatusElement,
     remove_prefix
 )
+from allmydata.scripts.admin import (
+    migrate_crawler,
+)
+from allmydata.scripts.runner import (
+    Options,
+)
 
 from .common_web import (
     render,
@@ -374,7 +389,7 @@ class LeaseCrawler(unittest.TestCase, pollmixin.PollMixin):
             self.failUnlessEqual(type(lah), list)
             self.failUnlessEqual(len(lah), 1)
             self.failUnlessEqual(lah, [ (0.0, DAY, 1) ] )
-            self.failUnlessEqual(so_far["leases-per-share-histogram"], {1: 1})
+            self.failUnlessEqual(so_far["leases-per-share-histogram"], {"1": 1})
             self.failUnlessEqual(so_far["corrupt-shares"], [])
             sr1 = so_far["space-recovered"]
             self.failUnlessEqual(sr1["examined-buckets"], 1)
@@ -425,9 +440,9 @@ class LeaseCrawler(unittest.TestCase, pollmixin.PollMixin):
             self.failIf("cycle-to-date" in s)
             self.failIf("estimated-remaining-cycle" in s)
             self.failIf("estimated-current-cycle" in s)
-            last = s["history"][0]
+            last = s["history"]["0"]
             self.failUnlessIn("cycle-start-finish-times", last)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(type(last["cycle-start-finish-times"]), tuple)
+            self.failUnlessEqual(type(last["cycle-start-finish-times"]), list)
             self.failUnlessEqual(last["expiration-enabled"], False)
             self.failUnlessIn("configured-expiration-mode", last)
 
@@ -435,9 +450,9 @@ class LeaseCrawler(unittest.TestCase, pollmixin.PollMixin):
             lah = last["lease-age-histogram"]
             self.failUnlessEqual(type(lah), list)
             self.failUnlessEqual(len(lah), 1)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(lah, [ (0.0, DAY, 6) ] )
+            self.failUnlessEqual(lah, [ [0.0, DAY, 6] ] )
 
-            self.failUnlessEqual(last["leases-per-share-histogram"], {1: 2, 2: 2})
+            self.failUnlessEqual(last["leases-per-share-histogram"], {"1": 2, "2": 2})
             self.failUnlessEqual(last["corrupt-shares"], [])
 
             rec = last["space-recovered"]
@@ -585,12 +600,12 @@ class LeaseCrawler(unittest.TestCase, pollmixin.PollMixin):
             self.failUnlessEqual(count_leases(mutable_si_3), 1)
 
             s = lc.get_state()
-            last = s["history"][0]
+            last = s["history"]["0"]
 
             self.failUnlessEqual(last["expiration-enabled"], True)
             self.failUnlessEqual(last["configured-expiration-mode"],
-                                 ("age", 2000, None, ("mutable", "immutable")))
+                                 ["age", 2000, None, ["mutable", "immutable"]])
-            self.failUnlessEqual(last["leases-per-share-histogram"], {1: 2, 2: 2})
+            self.failUnlessEqual(last["leases-per-share-histogram"], {"1": 2, "2": 2})
 
             rec = last["space-recovered"]
             self.failUnlessEqual(rec["examined-buckets"], 4)
@@ -729,14 +744,14 @@ class LeaseCrawler(unittest.TestCase, pollmixin.PollMixin):
             self.failUnlessEqual(count_leases(mutable_si_3), 1)
 
             s = lc.get_state()
-            last = s["history"][0]
+            last = s["history"]["0"]
 
             self.failUnlessEqual(last["expiration-enabled"], True)
             self.failUnlessEqual(last["configured-expiration-mode"],
-                                 ("cutoff-date", None, then,
+                                 ["cutoff-date", None, then,
-                                  ("mutable", "immutable")))
+                                  ["mutable", "immutable"]])
             self.failUnlessEqual(last["leases-per-share-histogram"],
-                                 {1: 2, 2: 2})
+                                 {"1": 2, "2": 2})
 
             rec = last["space-recovered"]
             self.failUnlessEqual(rec["examined-buckets"], 4)
@@ -922,8 +937,8 @@ class LeaseCrawler(unittest.TestCase, pollmixin.PollMixin):
             s = lc.get_state()
             h = s["history"]
             self.failUnlessEqual(len(h), 10)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(max(h.keys()), 15)
+            self.failUnlessEqual(max(int(k) for k in h.keys()), 15)
-            self.failUnlessEqual(min(h.keys()), 6)
+            self.failUnlessEqual(min(int(k) for k in h.keys()), 6)
         d.addCallback(_check)
         return d
 
@@ -1012,7 +1027,7 @@ class LeaseCrawler(unittest.TestCase, pollmixin.PollMixin):
 
         def _check(ignored):
             s = lc.get_state()
-            last = s["history"][0]
+            last = s["history"]["0"]
             rec = last["space-recovered"]
             self.failUnlessEqual(rec["configured-buckets"], 4)
             self.failUnlessEqual(rec["configured-shares"], 4)
@@ -1108,7 +1123,7 @@ class LeaseCrawler(unittest.TestCase, pollmixin.PollMixin):
 
         def _after_first_cycle(ignored):
             s = lc.get_state()
-            last = s["history"][0]
+            last = s["history"]["0"]
             rec = last["space-recovered"]
             self.failUnlessEqual(rec["examined-buckets"], 5)
             self.failUnlessEqual(rec["examined-shares"], 3)
@@ -1137,6 +1152,390 @@ class LeaseCrawler(unittest.TestCase, pollmixin.PollMixin):
         d.addBoth(_cleanup)
         return d
 
+    @skipIf(platform.isWindows(), "pickle test-data can't be loaded on windows")
+    def test_deserialize_pickle(self):
+        """
+        The crawler can read existing state from the old pickle format
+        """
+        # this file came from an "in the wild" tahoe version 1.16.0
+        original_pickle = FilePath(__file__).parent().child("data").child("lease_checker.state.txt")
+        root = FilePath(self.mktemp())
+        storage = root.child("storage")
+        storage.makedirs()
+        test_pickle = storage.child("lease_checker.state")
+        with test_pickle.open("wb") as local, original_pickle.open("rb") as remote:
+            local.write(remote.read())
+
+        # convert from pickle format to JSON
+        top = Options()
+        top.parseOptions([
+            "admin", "migrate-crawler",
+            "--basedir", storage.parent().path,
+        ])
+        options = top.subOptions
+        while hasattr(options, "subOptions"):
+            options = options.subOptions
+        options.stdout = StringIO()
+        migrate_crawler(options)
+
+        # the (existing) state file should have been upgraded to JSON
+        self.assertFalse(test_pickle.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(test_pickle.siblingExtension(".json").exists())
+        serial = _LeaseStateSerializer(test_pickle.path)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            serial.load(),
+            {
+                u'last-complete-prefix': None,
+                u'version': 1,
+                u'current-cycle-start-time': 1635003106.611748,
+                u'last-cycle-finished': 312,
+                u'cycle-to-date': {
+                    u'leases-per-share-histogram': {
+                        u'1': 36793,
+                        u'2': 1,
+                    },
+                    u'space-recovered': {
+                        u'examined-buckets-immutable': 17183,
+                        u'configured-buckets-mutable': 0,
+                        u'examined-shares-mutable': 1796,
+                        u'original-shares-mutable': 1563,
+                        u'configured-buckets-immutable': 0,
+                        u'original-shares-immutable': 27926,
+                        u'original-diskbytes-immutable': 431149056,
+                        u'examined-shares-immutable': 34998,
+                        u'original-buckets': 14661,
+                        u'actual-shares-immutable': 0,
+                        u'configured-shares': 0,
+                        u'original-buckets-mutable': 899,
+                        u'actual-diskbytes': 4096,
+                        u'actual-shares-mutable': 0,
+                        u'configured-buckets': 1,
+                        u'examined-buckets-unknown': 14,
+                        u'actual-sharebytes': 0,
+                        u'original-shares': 29489,
+                        u'actual-buckets-immutable': 0,
+                        u'original-sharebytes': 312664812,
+                        u'examined-sharebytes-immutable': 383801602,
+                        u'actual-shares': 0,
+                        u'actual-sharebytes-immutable': 0,
+                        u'original-diskbytes': 441643008,
+                        u'configured-diskbytes-mutable': 0,
+                        u'configured-sharebytes-immutable': 0,
+                        u'configured-shares-mutable': 0,
+                        u'actual-diskbytes-immutable': 0,
+                        u'configured-diskbytes-immutable': 0,
+                        u'original-diskbytes-mutable': 10489856,
+                        u'actual-sharebytes-mutable': 0,
+                        u'configured-sharebytes': 0,
+                        u'examined-shares': 36794,
+                        u'actual-diskbytes-mutable': 0,
+                        u'actual-buckets': 1,
+                        u'original-buckets-immutable': 13761,
+                        u'configured-sharebytes-mutable': 0,
+                        u'examined-sharebytes': 390369660,
+                        u'original-sharebytes-immutable': 308125753,
+                        u'original-sharebytes-mutable': 4539059,
+                        u'actual-buckets-mutable': 0,
+                        u'examined-buckets-mutable': 1043,
+                        u'configured-shares-immutable': 0,
+                        u'examined-diskbytes': 476598272,
+                        u'examined-diskbytes-mutable': 9154560,
+                        u'examined-sharebytes-mutable': 6568058,
+                        u'examined-buckets': 18241,
+                        u'configured-diskbytes': 4096,
+                        u'examined-diskbytes-immutable': 467443712},
+                    u'corrupt-shares': [
+                        [u'2dn6xnlnsqwtnapwxfdivpm3s4', 4],
+                        [u'2dn6xnlnsqwtnapwxfdivpm3s4', 1],
+                        [u'2rrzthwsrrxolevmwdvbdy3rqi', 4],
+                        [u'2rrzthwsrrxolevmwdvbdy3rqi', 1],
+                        [u'2skfngcto6h7eqmn4uo7ntk3ne', 4],
+                        [u'2skfngcto6h7eqmn4uo7ntk3ne', 1],
+                        [u'32d5swqpqx2mwix7xmqzvhdwje', 4],
+                        [u'32d5swqpqx2mwix7xmqzvhdwje', 1],
+                        [u'5mmayp66yflmpon3o6unsnbaca', 4],
+                        [u'5mmayp66yflmpon3o6unsnbaca', 1],
+                        [u'6ixhpvbtre7fnrl6pehlrlflc4', 4],
+                        [u'6ixhpvbtre7fnrl6pehlrlflc4', 1],
+                        [u'ewzhvswjsz4vp2bqkb6mi3bz2u', 4],
+                        [u'ewzhvswjsz4vp2bqkb6mi3bz2u', 1],
+                        [u'fu7pazf6ogavkqj6z4q5qqex3u', 4],
+                        [u'fu7pazf6ogavkqj6z4q5qqex3u', 1],
+                        [u'hbyjtqvpcimwxiyqbcbbdn2i4a', 4],
+                        [u'hbyjtqvpcimwxiyqbcbbdn2i4a', 1],
+                        [u'pmcjbdkbjdl26k3e6yja77femq', 4],
+                        [u'pmcjbdkbjdl26k3e6yja77femq', 1],
+                        [u'r6swof4v2uttbiiqwj5pi32cm4', 4],
+                        [u'r6swof4v2uttbiiqwj5pi32cm4', 1],
+                        [u't45v5akoktf53evc2fi6gwnv6y', 4],
+                        [u't45v5akoktf53evc2fi6gwnv6y', 1],
+                        [u'y6zb4faar3rdvn3e6pfg4wlotm', 4],
+                        [u'y6zb4faar3rdvn3e6pfg4wlotm', 1],
+                        [u'z3yghutvqoqbchjao4lndnrh3a', 4],
+                        [u'z3yghutvqoqbchjao4lndnrh3a', 1],
+                    ],
+                    u'lease-age-histogram': {
+                        "1641600,1728000": 78,
+                        "12441600,12528000": 78,
+                        "8640000,8726400": 32,
+                        "1814400,1900800": 1860,
+                        "2764800,2851200": 76,
+                        "11491200,11577600": 20,
+                        "10713600,10800000": 183,
+                        "47865600,47952000": 7,
+                        "3110400,3196800": 328,
+                        "10627200,10713600": 43,
+                        "45619200,45705600": 4,
+                        "12873600,12960000": 5,
+                        "7430400,7516800": 7228,
+                        "1555200,1641600": 492,
+                        "38880000,38966400": 3,
+                        "12528000,12614400": 193,
+                        "7344000,7430400": 12689,
+                        "2678400,2764800": 278,
+                        "2332800,2419200": 12,
+                        "9244800,9331200": 73,
+                        "12787200,12873600": 218,
+                        "49075200,49161600": 19,
+                        "10368000,10454400": 117,
+                        "4665600,4752000": 256,
+                        "7516800,7603200": 993,
+                        "42336000,42422400": 33,
+                        "10972800,11059200": 122,
+                        "39052800,39139200": 51,
+                        "12614400,12700800": 210,
+                        "7603200,7689600": 2004,
+                        "10540800,10627200": 16,
+                        "950400,1036800": 4435,
+                        "42076800,42163200": 4,
+                        "8812800,8899200": 57,
+                        "5788800,5875200": 954,
+                        "36374400,36460800": 3,
+                        "9331200,9417600": 12,
+                        "30499200,30585600": 5,
+                        "12700800,12787200": 25,
+                        "2073600,2160000": 388,
+                        "12960000,13046400": 8,
+                        "11923200,12009600": 89,
+                        "3369600,3456000": 79,
+                        "3196800,3283200": 628,
+                        "37497600,37584000": 11,
+                        "33436800,33523200": 7,
+                        "44928000,45014400": 2,
+                        "37929600,38016000": 3,
+                        "38966400,39052800": 61,
+                        "3283200,3369600": 86,
+                        "11750400,11836800": 7,
+                        "3801600,3888000": 32,
+                        "46310400,46396800": 1,
+                        "4838400,4924800": 386,
+                        "8208000,8294400": 38,
+                        "37411200,37497600": 4,
+                        "12009600,12096000": 329,
+                        "10454400,10540800": 1239,
+                        "40176000,40262400": 1,
+                        "3715200,3801600": 104,
+                        "44409600,44496000": 13,
+                        "38361600,38448000": 5,
+                        "12268800,12355200": 2,
+                        "28771200,28857600": 6,
+                        "41990400,42076800": 10,
+                        "2592000,2678400": 40,
+                    },
+                },
+                'current-cycle': None,
+                'last-complete-bucket': None,
+            }
+        )
+        second_serial = _LeaseStateSerializer(serial._path.path)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            serial.load(),
+            second_serial.load(),
+        )
+
+    @skipIf(platform.isWindows(), "pickle test-data can't be loaded on windows")
+    def test_deserialize_history_pickle(self):
+        """
+        The crawler can read existing history state from the old pickle
+        format
+        """
+        # this file came from an "in the wild" tahoe version 1.16.0
+        original_pickle = FilePath(__file__).parent().child("data").child("lease_checker.history.txt")
+        root = FilePath(self.mktemp())
+        storage = root.child("storage")
+        storage.makedirs()
+        test_pickle = storage.child("lease_checker.history")
+        with test_pickle.open("wb") as local, original_pickle.open("rb") as remote:
+            local.write(remote.read())
+
+        # convert from pickle format to JSON
+        top = Options()
+        top.parseOptions([
+            "admin", "migrate-crawler",
+            "--basedir", storage.parent().path,
+        ])
+        options = top.subOptions
+        while hasattr(options, "subOptions"):
+            options = options.subOptions
+        options.stdout = StringIO()
+        migrate_crawler(options)
+
+        serial = _HistorySerializer(test_pickle.path)
+
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        self.assertEqual(
+            serial.load(),
+            {
+                "363": {
+                    'configured-expiration-mode': ['age', None, None, ['immutable', 'mutable']],
+                    'expiration-enabled': False,
+                    'leases-per-share-histogram': {
+                        '1': 39774,
+                    },
+                    'lease-age-histogram': [
+                        [0, 86400, 3125],
+                        [345600, 432000, 4175],
+                        [950400, 1036800, 141],
+                        [1036800, 1123200, 345],
+                        [1123200, 1209600, 81],
+                        [1296000, 1382400, 1832],
+                        [1555200, 1641600, 390],
+                        [1728000, 1814400, 12],
+                        [2073600, 2160000, 84],
+                        [2160000, 2246400, 228],
+                        [2246400, 2332800, 75],
+                        [2592000, 2678400, 644],
+                        [2678400, 2764800, 273],
+                        [2764800, 2851200, 94],
+                        [2851200, 2937600, 97],
+                        [3196800, 3283200, 143],
+                        [3283200, 3369600, 48],
+                        [4147200, 4233600, 374],
+                        [4320000, 4406400, 534],
+                        [5270400, 5356800, 1005],
+                        [6739200, 6825600, 8704],
+                        [6825600, 6912000, 3986],
+                        [6912000, 6998400, 7592],
+                        [6998400, 7084800, 2607],
+                        [7689600, 7776000, 35],
+                        [8035200, 8121600, 33],
+                        [8294400, 8380800, 54],
+                        [8640000, 8726400, 45],
+                        [8726400, 8812800, 27],
+                        [8812800, 8899200, 12],
+                        [9763200, 9849600, 77],
+                        [9849600, 9936000, 91],
+                        [9936000, 10022400, 1210],
+                        [10022400, 10108800, 45],
+                        [10108800, 10195200, 186],
+                        [10368000, 10454400, 113],
+                        [10972800, 11059200, 21],
+                        [11232000, 11318400, 5],
+                        [11318400, 11404800, 19],
+                        [11404800, 11491200, 238],
+                        [11491200, 11577600, 159],
+                        [11750400, 11836800, 1],
+                        [11836800, 11923200, 32],
+                        [11923200, 12009600, 192],
+                        [12009600, 12096000, 222],
+                        [12096000, 12182400, 18],
+                        [12182400, 12268800, 224],
+                        [12268800, 12355200, 9],
+                        [12355200, 12441600, 9],
+                        [12441600, 12528000, 10],
+                        [12528000, 12614400, 6],
+                        [12614400, 12700800, 6],
+                        [12700800, 12787200, 18],
+                        [12787200, 12873600, 6],
+                        [12873600, 12960000, 62],
+                    ],
+                    'cycle-start-finish-times': [1634446505.241972, 1634446666.055401],
+                    'space-recovered': {
+                        'examined-buckets-immutable': 17896,
+                        'configured-buckets-mutable': 0,
+                        'examined-shares-mutable': 2473,
+                        'original-shares-mutable': 1185,
+                        'configured-buckets-immutable': 0,
+                        'original-shares-immutable': 27457,
+                        'original-diskbytes-immutable': 2810982400,
+                        'examined-shares-immutable': 37301,
+                        'original-buckets': 14047,
+                        'actual-shares-immutable': 0,
+                        'configured-shares': 0,
+                        'original-buckets-mutable': 691,
+                        'actual-diskbytes': 4096,
+                        'actual-shares-mutable': 0,
+                        'configured-buckets': 1,
+                        'examined-buckets-unknown': 14,
+                        'actual-sharebytes': 0,
+                        'original-shares': 28642,
+                        'actual-buckets-immutable': 0,
+                        'original-sharebytes': 2695552941,
+                        'examined-sharebytes-immutable': 2754798505,
+                        'actual-shares': 0,
+                        'actual-sharebytes-immutable': 0,
+                        'original-diskbytes': 2818981888,
+                        'configured-diskbytes-mutable': 0,
+                        'configured-sharebytes-immutable': 0,
+                        'configured-shares-mutable': 0,
+                        'actual-diskbytes-immutable': 0,
+                        'configured-diskbytes-immutable': 0,
+                        'original-diskbytes-mutable': 7995392,
+                        'actual-sharebytes-mutable': 0,
+                        'configured-sharebytes': 0,
+                        'examined-shares': 39774,
+                        'actual-diskbytes-mutable': 0,
+                        'actual-buckets': 1,
+                        'original-buckets-immutable': 13355,
+                        'configured-sharebytes-mutable': 0,
+                        'examined-sharebytes': 2763646972,
+                        'original-sharebytes-immutable': 2692076909,
+                        'original-sharebytes-mutable': 3476032,
+                        'actual-buckets-mutable': 0,
+                        'examined-buckets-mutable': 1286,
+                        'configured-shares-immutable': 0,
+                        'examined-diskbytes': 2854801408,
+                        'examined-diskbytes-mutable': 12161024,
+                        'examined-sharebytes-mutable': 8848467,
+                        'examined-buckets': 19197,
+                        'configured-diskbytes': 4096,
+                        'examined-diskbytes-immutable': 2842640384
+                    },
+                    'corrupt-shares': [
+                        ['2dn6xnlnsqwtnapwxfdivpm3s4', 3],
+                        ['2dn6xnlnsqwtnapwxfdivpm3s4', 0],
+                        ['2rrzthwsrrxolevmwdvbdy3rqi', 3],
+                        ['2rrzthwsrrxolevmwdvbdy3rqi', 0],
+                        ['2skfngcto6h7eqmn4uo7ntk3ne', 3],
+                        ['2skfngcto6h7eqmn4uo7ntk3ne', 0],
+                        ['32d5swqpqx2mwix7xmqzvhdwje', 3],
+                        ['32d5swqpqx2mwix7xmqzvhdwje', 0],
+                        ['5mmayp66yflmpon3o6unsnbaca', 3],
+                        ['5mmayp66yflmpon3o6unsnbaca', 0],
+                        ['6ixhpvbtre7fnrl6pehlrlflc4', 3],
+                        ['6ixhpvbtre7fnrl6pehlrlflc4', 0],
+                        ['ewzhvswjsz4vp2bqkb6mi3bz2u', 3],
+                        ['ewzhvswjsz4vp2bqkb6mi3bz2u', 0],
+                        ['fu7pazf6ogavkqj6z4q5qqex3u', 3],
+                        ['fu7pazf6ogavkqj6z4q5qqex3u', 0],
+                        ['hbyjtqvpcimwxiyqbcbbdn2i4a', 3],
+                        ['hbyjtqvpcimwxiyqbcbbdn2i4a', 0],
+                        ['pmcjbdkbjdl26k3e6yja77femq', 3],
+                        ['pmcjbdkbjdl26k3e6yja77femq', 0],
+                        ['r6swof4v2uttbiiqwj5pi32cm4', 3],
+                        ['r6swof4v2uttbiiqwj5pi32cm4', 0],
+                        ['t45v5akoktf53evc2fi6gwnv6y', 3],
+                        ['t45v5akoktf53evc2fi6gwnv6y', 0],
+                        ['y6zb4faar3rdvn3e6pfg4wlotm', 3],
+                        ['y6zb4faar3rdvn3e6pfg4wlotm', 0],
+                        ['z3yghutvqoqbchjao4lndnrh3a', 3],
+                        ['z3yghutvqoqbchjao4lndnrh3a', 0],
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+        )
+
 
 class WebStatus(unittest.TestCase, pollmixin.PollMixin):
 

src/allmydata/web/storage.py

@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ class StorageStatusElement(Element):
 
         if so_far["corrupt-shares"]:
             add("Corrupt shares:",
-                T.ul( (T.li( ["SI %s shnum %d" % corrupt_share
+                T.ul( (T.li( ["SI %s shnum %d" % (si, shnum)
-                              for corrupt_share in so_far["corrupt-shares"] ]
+                              for si, shnum in so_far["corrupt-shares"] ]
                              ))))
         return tag("Current cycle:", p)
 
@@ -267,7 +267,8 @@ class StorageStatusElement(Element):
         h = lc.get_state()["history"]
         if not h:
             return ""
-        last = h[max(h.keys())]
+        biggest = str(max(int(k) for k in h.keys()))
+        last = h[biggest]
 
         start, end = last["cycle-start-finish-times"]
         tag("Last complete cycle (which took %s and finished %s ago)"
@@ -290,8 +291,8 @@ class StorageStatusElement(Element):
 
         if last["corrupt-shares"]:
             add("Corrupt shares:",
-                T.ul( (T.li( ["SI %s shnum %d" % corrupt_share
+                T.ul( (T.li( ["SI %s shnum %d" % (si, shnum)
-                              for corrupt_share in last["corrupt-shares"] ]
+                              for si, shnum in last["corrupt-shares"] ]
                              ))))
 
         return tag(p)