docs: replace emdash characters with plain ASCII

docs/about.rst

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ these service providers spend considerable effort and expense trying to
 mitigate these risks.
 
 What we mean by "security" is something different.  *The service provider
-never has the ability to read or modify your data in the first place—never.*
+never has the ability to read or modify your data in the first place: never.*
 If you use Tahoe-LAFS, then all of the threats described above are non-issues
 to you.  Not only is it easy and inexpensive for the service provider to
 maintain the security of your data, but in fact they couldn't violate its
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ This guarantee is integrated naturally into the Tahoe-LAFS storage system and
 doesn't require you to perform a manual pre-encryption step or cumbersome key
 management.  (After all, having to do cumbersome manual operations when
 storing or accessing your data would nullify one of the primary benefits of
-using cloud storage in the first place—convenience.)
+using cloud storage in the first place: convenience.)
 
 Here's how it works:
 

docs/backdoors.rst

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ Reason`_, `Julian Sanchez / Cato Institute`_.
 
 The core Tahoe developers promise never to change Tahoe-LAFS to facilitate
 government access to data stored or transmitted by it. Even if it were
-desirable to facilitate such access—which it is not—we believe it would not
+desirable to facilitate such access -- which it is not -- we believe it would
-be technically feasible to do so without severely compromising Tahoe-LAFS'
+not be technically feasible to do so without severely compromising
-security against other attackers. There have been many examples in which
+Tahoe-LAFS' security against other attackers. There have been many examples
-backdoors intended for use by government have introduced vulnerabilities
+in which backdoors intended for use by government have introduced
-exploitable by other parties (a notable example being the Greek cellphone
+vulnerabilities exploitable by other parties (a notable example being the
-eavesdropping scandal in 2004/5). RFCs `1984`_ and `2804`_ elaborate on the
+Greek cellphone eavesdropping scandal in 2004/5). RFCs `1984`_ and `2804`_
-security case against such backdoors.
+elaborate on the security case against such backdoors.
 
 .. _1984: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1984
 .. _2804: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2804

docs/convergence-secret.rst

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ up, then stored in the client's base directory (<Tahoe's node
 dir>/private/convergence) and re-used after that. So the same file content
 uploaded from the same client will always have the same cap. Uploading the
 file from a different client with a different convergence secret would result
-in a different cap—and in a second copy of the file's contents stored on the
+in a different cap -- and in a second copy of the file's contents stored on
-grid. If you want files you upload to converge (also known as "deduplicate")
+the grid. If you want files you upload to converge (also known as
-with files uploaded by someone else, just make sure you're using the same
+"deduplicate") with files uploaded by someone else, just make sure you're
-convergence secret when you upload files as they
+using the same convergence secret when you upload files as they
 
 The advantages of deduplication should be clear, but keep in mind that the
 convergence secret was created to protect confidentiality. There are two

docs/frontends/CLI.rst

@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ functionality) and including versions for a number of dependent libraries,
 like Twisted, Foolscap, pycryptopp, and zfec. "``tahoe --version-and-path``"
 will also show the path from which each library was imported.
 
-On Unix systems, the shell expands filename wildcards — ``'*'`` and ``'?'`` —
+On Unix systems, the shell expands filename wildcards (``'*'`` and ``'?'``)
-before the program is able to read them, which may produce unexpected
+before the program is able to read them, which may produce unexpected results
-results for many ``tahoe`` comands. We recommend, if you use wildcards,
+for many ``tahoe`` comands. We recommend, if you use wildcards, to start the
-to start the path with "``./``", for example "``tahoe cp -r ./* somewhere:``".
+path with "``./``", for example "``tahoe cp -r ./* somewhere:``". This
-This prevents the expanded filename from being interpreted as an option
+prevents the expanded filename from being interpreted as an option or as an
-or as an alias, allowing filenames that start with a dash or contain
+alias, allowing filenames that start with a dash or contain colons to be
-colons to be handled correctly.
+handled correctly.
 
 On Windows, a single letter followed by a colon is treated as a drive
 specification rather than an alias (and is invalid unless a local path is

docs/frontends/webapi.rst

@@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ Relinking ("Moving") a Child
  This instructs the node to move a child of the given source directory, into
  a different directory and/or to a different name. The command is named
  ``relink`` because what it does is add a new link to the child from the new
- location, then remove the old link. Nothing is actually "moved" — the child
+ location, then remove the old link. Nothing is actually "moved": the child
  is still reachable through any path from which it was formerly reachable,
  and the storage space occupied by its ciphertext is not affected.
 

docs/known_issues.rst

@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ authorization (confidentiality), nor to change the contents of a file
 
 A person could learn the storage index of a file in several ways:
 
-1. By being granted the authority to read the immutable file—i.e. by being
+1. By being granted the authority to read the immutable file: i.e. by being
    granted a read capability to the file. They can determine the file's
    storage index from its read capability.
 
@@ -347,17 +347,17 @@ if you upgrade a storage server to a fixed release then that server is no
 longer vulnerable to this problem.
 
 Note that the issue is local to each storage server independently of other
-storage servers—when you upgrade a storage server then that particular
+storage servers: when you upgrade a storage server then that particular
 storage server can no longer be tricked into deleting its shares of the
 target file.
 
 If you can't immediately upgrade your storage server to a version of
 Tahoe-LAFS that eliminates this vulnerability, then you could temporarily
 shut down your storage server. This would of course negatively impact
-availability—clients would not be able to upload or download shares to that
+availability -- clients would not be able to upload or download shares to
-particular storage server while it was shut down—but it would protect the
+that particular storage server while it was shut down -- but it would protect
-shares already stored on that server from being deleted as long as the server
+the shares already stored on that server from being deleted as long as the
-is shut down.
+server is shut down.
 
 If the servers that store shares of your file are running a version of
 Tahoe-LAFS with this vulnerability, then you should think about whether

docs/specifications/backends/raic.rst

@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ In this section we analyze the costs of the proposed design in terms of network,
 disk, memory, cloud storage, and API usage.
 
 
-Network usage—bandwidth and number-of-round-trips
+Network usage: bandwidth and number-of-round-trips
--------------------------------------------------
+--------------------------------------------------
 
 When a Tahoe-LAFS storage client allocates a new share on a storage server,
 the backend will request a list of the existing cloud objects with the
@@ -324,14 +324,15 @@ Known Issues
 ============
 
 This design worsens a known “write hole” issue in Tahoe-LAFS when updating
-the contents of mutable files. An update to a mutable file can require changing
+the contents of mutable files. An update to a mutable file can require
-the contents of multiple chunks, and if the client fails or is disconnected
+changing the contents of multiple chunks, and if the client fails or is
-during the operation the resulting state of the stored cloud objects may be
+disconnected during the operation the resulting state of the stored cloud
-inconsistent—no longer containing all of the old version, but not yet containing
+objects may be inconsistent: no longer containing all of the old version, but
-all of the new version. A mutable share can be left in an inconsistent state
+not yet containing all of the new version. A mutable share can be left in an
-even by the existing Tahoe-LAFS disk backend if it fails during a write, but
+inconsistent state even by the existing Tahoe-LAFS disk backend if it fails
-that has a smaller chance of occurrence because the current client behavior
+during a write, but that has a smaller chance of occurrence because the
-leads to mutable shares being written to disk in a single system call.
+current client behavior leads to mutable shares being written to disk in a
+single system call.
 
 The best fix for this issue probably requires changing the Tahoe-LAFS storage
 protocol, perhaps by extending it to use a two-phase or three-phase commit