tahoe-lafs/src/allmydata/storage_client.py

"""
I contain the client-side code which speaks to storage servers, in particular
the foolscap-based server implemented in src/allmydata/storage/*.py .
"""

# roadmap:
#
# 1: implement StorageFarmBroker (i.e. "storage broker"), change Client to
# create it, change uploader/servermap to get rrefs from it. ServerFarm calls
# IntroducerClient.subscribe_to . ServerFarm hides descriptors, passes rrefs
# to clients. webapi status pages call broker.get_info_about_serverid.
#
# 2: move get_info methods to the descriptor, webapi status pages call
# broker.get_descriptor_for_serverid().get_info
#
# 3?later?: store descriptors in UploadResults/etc instead of serverids,
# webapi status pages call descriptor.get_info and don't use storage_broker
# or Client
#
# 4: enable static config: tahoe.cfg can add descriptors. Make the introducer
# optional. This closes #467
#
# 5: implement NativeStorageClient, pass it to Tahoe2PeerSelector and other
# clients. Clients stop doing callRemote(), use NativeStorageClient methods
# instead (which might do something else, i.e. http or whatever). The
# introducer and tahoe.cfg only create NativeStorageClients for now.
#
# 6: implement other sorts of IStorageClient classes: S3, etc


import re, time, hashlib
from zope.interface import implementer
from twisted.internet import defer
from twisted.application import service

from foolscap.api import eventually
from allmydata.interfaces import IStorageBroker, IDisplayableServer, IServer
from allmydata.util import log, base32, connection_status
from allmydata.util.assertutil import precondition
from allmydata.util.observer import ObserverList
from allmydata.util.rrefutil import add_version_to_remote_reference
from allmydata.util.hashutil import permute_server_hash

# who is responsible for de-duplication?
#  both?
#  IC remembers the unpacked announcements it receives, to provide for late
#  subscribers and to remove duplicates

# if a client subscribes after startup, will they receive old announcements?
#  yes

# who will be responsible for signature checking?
#  make it be IntroducerClient, so they can push the filter outwards and
#  reduce inbound network traffic

# what should the interface between StorageFarmBroker and IntroducerClient
# look like?
#  don't pass signatures: only pass validated blessed-objects


@implementer(IStorageBroker)
class StorageFarmBroker(service.MultiService):
    """I live on the client, and know about storage servers. For each server
    that is participating in a grid, I either maintain a connection to it or
    remember enough information to establish a connection to it on demand.
    I'm also responsible for subscribing to the IntroducerClient to find out
    about new servers as they are announced by the Introducer.
    """
    def __init__(self, permute_peers, tub_maker, preferred_peers=()):
        service.MultiService.__init__(self)
        assert permute_peers # False not implemented yet
        self.permute_peers = permute_peers
        self._tub_maker = tub_maker
        self.preferred_peers = preferred_peers

        # self.servers maps serverid -> IServer, and keeps track of all the
        # storage servers that we've heard about. Each descriptor manages its
        # own Reconnector, and will give us a RemoteReference when we ask
        # them for it.
        self.servers = {}
        self._static_server_ids = set() # ignore announcements for these
        self.introducer_client = None
        self._threshold_listeners = [] # tuples of (threshold, Deferred)
        self._connected_high_water_mark = 0

    def set_static_servers(self, servers):
        for (server_id, server) in servers.items():
            assert isinstance(server_id, unicode) # from YAML
            server_id = server_id.encode("ascii")
            self._static_server_ids.add(server_id)
            handler_overrides = server.get("connections", {})
            s = NativeStorageServer(server_id, server["ann"],
                                    self._tub_maker, handler_overrides)
            s.on_status_changed(lambda _: self._got_connection())
            s.setServiceParent(self)
            self.servers[server_id] = s
            s.start_connecting(self._trigger_connections)

    def when_connected_enough(self, threshold):
        """
        :returns: a Deferred that fires if/when our high water mark for
        number of connected servers becomes (or ever was) above
        "threshold".
        """
        d = defer.Deferred()
        self._threshold_listeners.append( (threshold, d) )
        self._check_connected_high_water_mark()
        return d

    # these two are used in unit tests
    def test_add_rref(self, serverid, rref, ann):
        s = NativeStorageServer(serverid, ann.copy(), self._tub_maker, {})
        s.rref = rref
        s._is_connected = True
        self.servers[serverid] = s

    def test_add_server(self, server_id, s):
        s.on_status_changed(lambda _: self._got_connection())
        self.servers[server_id] = s

    def use_introducer(self, introducer_client):
        self.introducer_client = ic = introducer_client
        ic.subscribe_to("storage", self._got_announcement)

    def _got_connection(self):
        # this is called by NativeStorageClient when it is connected
        self._check_connected_high_water_mark()

    def _check_connected_high_water_mark(self):
        current = len(self.get_connected_servers())
        if current > self._connected_high_water_mark:
            self._connected_high_water_mark = current

        remaining = []
        for threshold, d in self._threshold_listeners:
            if self._connected_high_water_mark >= threshold:
                eventually(d.callback, None)
            else:
                remaining.append( (threshold, d) )
        self._threshold_listeners = remaining

    def _got_announcement(self, key_s, ann):
        precondition(isinstance(key_s, str), key_s)
        precondition(key_s.startswith("v0-"), key_s)
        precondition(ann["service-name"] == "storage", ann["service-name"])
        server_id = key_s
        if server_id in self._static_server_ids:
            log.msg(format="ignoring announcement for static server '%(id)s'",
                    id=server_id,
                    facility="tahoe.storage_broker", umid="AlxzqA",
                    level=log.UNUSUAL)
            return
        s = NativeStorageServer(server_id, ann, self._tub_maker, {})
        s.on_status_changed(lambda _: self._got_connection())
        server_id = s.get_serverid()
        old = self.servers.get(server_id)
        if old:
            if old.get_announcement() == ann:
                return # duplicate
            # replacement
            del self.servers[server_id]
            old.stop_connecting()
            old.disownServiceParent()
            # NOTE: this disownServiceParent() returns a Deferred that
            # doesn't fire until Tub.stopService fires, which will wait for
            # any existing connections to be shut down. This doesn't
            # generally matter for normal runtime, but unit tests can run
            # into DirtyReactorErrors if they don't block on these. If a test
            # replaces one server with a newer version, then terminates
            # before the old one has been shut down, it might get
            # DirtyReactorErrors. The fix would be to gather these Deferreds
            # into a structure that will block StorageFarmBroker.stopService
            # until they have fired (but hopefully don't keep reference
            # cycles around when they fire earlier than that, which will
            # almost always be the case for normal runtime).
        # now we forget about them and start using the new one
        s.setServiceParent(self)
        self.servers[server_id] = s
        s.start_connecting(self._trigger_connections)
        # the descriptor will manage their own Reconnector, and each time we
        # need servers, we'll ask them if they're connected or not.

    def _trigger_connections(self):
        # when one connection is established, reset the timers on all others,
        # to trigger a reconnection attempt in one second. This is intended
        # to accelerate server connections when we've been offline for a
        # while. The goal is to avoid hanging out for a long time with
        # connections to only a subset of the servers, which would increase
        # the chances that we'll put shares in weird places (and not update
        # existing shares of mutable files). See #374 for more details.
        for dsc in self.servers.values():
            dsc.try_to_connect()

    def get_servers_for_psi(self, peer_selection_index):
        # return a list of server objects (IServers)
        assert self.permute_peers == True
        connected_servers = self.get_connected_servers()
        preferred_servers = frozenset(s for s in connected_servers if s.get_longname() in self.preferred_peers)
        def _permuted(server):
            seed = server.get_permutation_seed()
            is_unpreferred = server not in preferred_servers
            return (is_unpreferred,
                    permute_server_hash(peer_selection_index, seed))
        return sorted(connected_servers, key=_permuted)

    def get_all_serverids(self):
        return frozenset(self.servers.keys())

    def get_connected_servers(self):
        return frozenset([s for s in self.servers.values() if s.is_connected()])

    def get_known_servers(self):
        return frozenset(self.servers.values())

    def get_nickname_for_serverid(self, serverid):
        if serverid in self.servers:
            return self.servers[serverid].get_nickname()
        return None

    def get_stub_server(self, serverid):
        if serverid in self.servers:
            return self.servers[serverid]
        # some time before 1.12, we changed "serverid" to be "key_s" (the
        # printable verifying key, used in V2 announcements), instead of the
        # tubid. When the immutable uploader delegates work to a Helper,
        # get_stub_server() is used to map the returning server identifiers
        # to IDisplayableServer instances (to get a name, for display on the
        # Upload Results web page). If the Helper is running 1.12 or newer,
        # it will send pubkeys, but if it's still running 1.11, it will send
        # tubids. This clause maps the old tubids to our existing servers.
        for s in self.servers.values():
            if isinstance(s, NativeStorageServer):
                if serverid == s._tubid:
                    return s
        return StubServer(serverid)

@implementer(IDisplayableServer)
class StubServer(object):
    def __init__(self, serverid):
        self.serverid = serverid # binary tubid
    def get_serverid(self):
        return self.serverid
    def get_name(self):
        return base32.b2a(self.serverid)[:8]
    def get_longname(self):
        return base32.b2a(self.serverid)
    def get_nickname(self):
        return "?"

@implementer(IServer)
class NativeStorageServer(service.MultiService):
    """I hold information about a storage server that we want to connect to.
    If we are connected, I hold the RemoteReference, their host address, and
    the their version information. I remember information about when we were
    last connected too, even if we aren't currently connected.

    @ivar last_connect_time: when we last established a connection
    @ivar last_loss_time: when we last lost a connection

    @ivar version: the server's versiondict, from the most recent announcement
    @ivar nickname: the server's self-reported nickname (unicode), same

    @ivar rref: the RemoteReference, if connected, otherwise None
    @ivar remote_host: the IAddress, if connected, otherwise None
    """

    VERSION_DEFAULTS = {
        "http://allmydata.org/tahoe/protocols/storage/v1" :
        { "maximum-immutable-share-size": 2**32 - 1,
          "maximum-mutable-share-size": 2*1000*1000*1000, # maximum prior to v1.9.2
          "tolerates-immutable-read-overrun": False,
          "delete-mutable-shares-with-zero-length-writev": False,
          "available-space": None,
          },
        "application-version": "unknown: no get_version()",
        }

    def __init__(self, server_id, ann, tub_maker, handler_overrides):
        service.MultiService.__init__(self)
        assert isinstance(server_id, str)
        self._server_id = server_id
        self.announcement = ann
        self._tub_maker = tub_maker
        self._handler_overrides = handler_overrides

        assert "anonymous-storage-FURL" in ann, ann
        furl = str(ann["anonymous-storage-FURL"])
        m = re.match(r'pb://(\w+)@', furl)
        assert m, furl
        tubid_s = m.group(1).lower()
        self._tubid = base32.a2b(tubid_s)
        if "permutation-seed-base32" in ann:
            ps = base32.a2b(str(ann["permutation-seed-base32"]))
        elif re.search(r'^v0-[0-9a-zA-Z]{52}$', server_id):
            ps = base32.a2b(server_id[3:])
        else:
            log.msg("unable to parse serverid '%(server_id)s as pubkey, "
                    "hashing it to get permutation-seed, "
                    "may not converge with other clients",
                    server_id=server_id,
                    facility="tahoe.storage_broker",
                    level=log.UNUSUAL, umid="qu86tw")
            ps = hashlib.sha256(server_id).digest()
        self._permutation_seed = ps

        assert server_id
        self._long_description = server_id
        if server_id.startswith("v0-"):
            # remove v0- prefix from abbreviated name
            self._short_description = server_id[3:3+8]
        else:
            self._short_description = server_id[:8]

        self.last_connect_time = None
        self.last_loss_time = None
        self.remote_host = None
        self.rref = None
        self._is_connected = False
        self._reconnector = None
        self._trigger_cb = None
        self._on_status_changed = ObserverList()

    def on_status_changed(self, status_changed):
        """
        :param status_changed: a callable taking a single arg (the
            NativeStorageServer) that is notified when we become connected
        """
        return self._on_status_changed.subscribe(status_changed)

    # Special methods used by copy.copy() and copy.deepcopy(). When those are
    # used in allmydata.immutable.filenode to copy CheckResults during
    # repair, we want it to treat the IServer instances as singletons, and
    # not attempt to duplicate them..
    def __copy__(self):
        return self
    def __deepcopy__(self, memodict):
        return self

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<NativeStorageServer for %s>" % self.get_name()
    def get_serverid(self):
        return self._server_id
    def get_permutation_seed(self):
        return self._permutation_seed
    def get_version(self):
        if self.rref:
            return self.rref.version
        return None
    def get_name(self): # keep methodname short
        # TODO: decide who adds [] in the short description. It should
        # probably be the output side, not here.
        return self._short_description
    def get_longname(self):
        return self._long_description
    def get_lease_seed(self):
        return self._tubid
    def get_foolscap_write_enabler_seed(self):
        return self._tubid

    def get_nickname(self):
        return self.announcement.get("nickname", "")
    def get_announcement(self):
        return self.announcement
    def get_remote_host(self):
        return self.remote_host

    def get_connection_status(self):
        last_received = None
        if self.rref:
            last_received = self.rref.getDataLastReceivedAt()
        return connection_status.from_foolscap_reconnector(self._reconnector,
                                                           last_received)

    def is_connected(self):
        return self._is_connected

    def get_available_space(self):
        version = self.get_version()
        if version is None:
            return None
        protocol_v1_version = version.get('http://allmydata.org/tahoe/protocols/storage/v1', {})
        available_space = protocol_v1_version.get('available-space')
        if available_space is None:
            available_space = protocol_v1_version.get('maximum-immutable-share-size', None)
        return available_space


    def start_connecting(self, trigger_cb):
        self._tub = self._tub_maker(self._handler_overrides)
        self._tub.setServiceParent(self)
        furl = str(self.announcement["anonymous-storage-FURL"])
        self._trigger_cb = trigger_cb
        self._reconnector = self._tub.connectTo(furl, self._got_connection)

    def _got_connection(self, rref):
        lp = log.msg(format="got connection to %(name)s, getting versions",
                     name=self.get_name(),
                     facility="tahoe.storage_broker", umid="coUECQ")
        if self._trigger_cb:
            eventually(self._trigger_cb)
        default = self.VERSION_DEFAULTS
        d = add_version_to_remote_reference(rref, default)
        d.addCallback(self._got_versioned_service, lp)
        d.addCallback(lambda ign: self._on_status_changed.notify(self))
        d.addErrback(log.err, format="storageclient._got_connection",
                     name=self.get_name(), umid="Sdq3pg")

    def _got_versioned_service(self, rref, lp):
        log.msg(format="%(name)s provided version info %(version)s",
                name=self.get_name(), version=rref.version,
                facility="tahoe.storage_broker", umid="SWmJYg",
                level=log.NOISY, parent=lp)

        self.last_connect_time = time.time()
        self.remote_host = rref.getLocationHints()
        self.rref = rref
        self._is_connected = True
        rref.notifyOnDisconnect(self._lost)

    def get_rref(self):
        return self.rref

    def _lost(self):
        log.msg(format="lost connection to %(name)s", name=self.get_name(),
                facility="tahoe.storage_broker", umid="zbRllw")
        self.last_loss_time = time.time()
        # self.rref is now stale: all callRemote()s will get a
        # DeadReferenceError. We leave the stale reference in place so that
        # uploader/downloader code (which received this IServer through
        # get_connected_servers() or get_servers_for_psi()) can continue to
        # use s.get_rref().callRemote() and not worry about it being None.
        self._is_connected = False
        self.remote_host = None

    def stop_connecting(self):
        # used when this descriptor has been superceded by another
        self._reconnector.stopConnecting()

    def try_to_connect(self):
        # used when the broker wants us to hurry up
        self._reconnector.reset()

class UnknownServerTypeError(Exception):
    pass