Serval DNA ========== [Serval Project][], March 2014 [Serval DNA][] is the core component of the [Serval Mesh][] app for Android and the [Serval Mesh Extender][] long-range mesh networking device. It is a daemon process that performs all the central services of the Serval mesh network such as dynamic routing, encryption and authentication, file distribution, messaging, and voice telephony. Any device with Wi-Fi connectivity that runs the Serval DNA daemon can participate in the [Serval mesh network][]. Download, build and test ------------------------ [INSTALL.md](./INSTALL.md) contains instructions for downloading, building and testing Serval DNA on most Linux and some Linux-like platforms. Configuration ------------- [doc/Servald-Configuration.md](./doc/Servald-Configuration.md) describes how to set up and run a Serval DNA daemon. Documentation ------------- * [INSTALL.md](./INSTALL.md) give instructions to compile and install Serval DNA * [doc/](./doc/) contains technical documentation * The Serval DNA `help` command will print a summary of all the operations that servald offers: $ ./servald help * the [Serval Project Wiki][] contains several pages: * [Serval DNA overview][Serval DNA] * [Serval DNA development][] * [CONTRIBUTORS.md](./CONTRIBUTORS.md) lists all individuals who have contributed to the software What is in this repository? --------------------------- This repository contains the [GNU C][] source code for the **servald** executable, a [test framework](./testframework.sh) and [test scripts](./tests/) written in [Bash][], some [technical documentation](./doc/), and various support files for installation and configuration on various platforms. The **servald** executable is a multi-purpose program that can be invoked directly from the command line, run as a daemon process, or invoked via [JNI][] from within a Java program. The **servald** executable is really many commands built into one; the command-line arguments select which *command* to run. Some commands are stand-alone utilities, some start and stop the servald daemon process, some communicate with the servald daemon as an MDP client, and others via a two-way [pipe][] called the *monitor interface*. The following protocols and services are implemented in **servald**: * The **[Distributed Numbering Architecture (DNA)][DNA]** is the key innovation that makes mesh telephony viable in the absence of any infrastructure, eg, in the aftermath of a natural disaster or in remote locations. It is a protocol carried over MDP (see below) that allows any device to ask its neighboring devices for a phone number (DID). Such a request will propagate through the mesh, and any device may respond with the identity (SID) of a subscriber who has “claimed” that DID. * The **[Serval Keyring][]** is a flat file containing all the user identities on a single device. Each identity is a set of elliptic curve secret cryptographic keys that belong to a single “mesh subscriber”, indexed by the subscriber's 256-bit public key, called a SID. Each identity in the keyring is locked by its own user-chosen password (called a PIN in the code and documentation), using elliptic curve cryptography to protect locked entries from theft or tampering, and steganography to allow the user to plausibly deny the existence of any locked identity. * The **[Mesh Datagram Protocol (MDP)][MDP]** is Serval's own layer 3 protocol designed for secure mesh networking. It is completely independent of Internet protocols such as IP and UDP, but for the time being is implemented as an “overlay” network based on UDP/IP because that is the interface that Linux and other operating systems provide for sending data over WiFi. However, MDP could easily be implemented directly over a layer 2 data link such as WiFi or Ethernet MAC. MDP uses subscribers' public keys (SID) as source and destination addresses, and has a 32-bit port number analogous to the 16-bit port number used in TCP/IP. * The **[Voice over Mesh Protocol (VoMP)][VoMP]** is Serval's own call negotiation and two-way audio streaming protocol used to implement mesh voice calls. It is analogous to SIP/RTS, which is the dominant protocol used to implement Voice over Internet Protocol, but VoMP is designed for the variable and unstable conditions of wireless mesh networks. VoMP's session state model and signalling can handle packet loss, mid-call re-routing and re-connection where SIP would fail. VoMP's audio streaming can encapsulate many codecs and even DTMF (dialpad button) signalling. * The **[Rhizome][]** content distribution service is a storage engine implemented using SQLite and a content-exchange protocol based on MDP and HTTP for the pervasive dissemination of content like images, videos, documents, software upgrades, etc. Each piece of content in Rhizome is called a “bundle”, which has two parts: a *manifest* that describes the content, and the *payload*, which is the content itself. Each bundle has its own unique cryptographic identifier that allows any recipient to verify that it has not been tampered with. A bundle's payload may be encrypted by the author so that only the designated recipient can read it. * The **[MeshMS][]** messaging service sends short text messages using Rhizome as its transport. Each message thread is stored and carried in a pair of journal bundles, one for each direction (ply). * **[Serval Infrastructure][]** services may optionally be deployed on any devices in the mesh to expose external services to mesh subscribers and vice versa (eg, VoIP gateways, SMS satellite links, packetised web), and to overcome scalability limitations of a perfectly decentralised mesh (eg, central telephone directory). Serval Infrastructure is implemented as a daemon with its own executable called **directory_service**. Copyright and licensing ----------------------- Serval DNA is [free software][] produced by the [Serval Project][] and many [contributors][]. Its source code is licensed to the public under the [GNU General Public License version 2][GPL2]. Its technical documentation is licensed to the public under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence][CC BY 4.0]. All source code and technical documentation is freely available from the Serval Project's [serval-dna][] Git repository on [GitHub][]. The copyright in most of the source code in Serval DNA is held by [Serval Project Inc.][SPI], a not-for-profit association incorporated in the state of South Australia in the Commonwealth of Australia for the purpose of developing the Serval mesh software. The [COPYRIGHT][] file contains a full list of all those who hold copyright in portions of the Serval DNA source code. The [Serval Project][] will accept contributions for which copyright has been assigned to [Serval Project Inc.][SPI], or which are licensed to either [Serval Project Inc.][SPI] or to the public on terms that allow the Serval Project to freely redistribute and re-license the code under non-restrictive terms, for example, to release Serval DNA as part of a product distributed through the [Apple app store][]. Individual developers may assign copyright in their contributions by signing the [Serval Project Developer Agreement - Individual][individ], and organisations by signing the [Serval Project Developer Agreement - Entity][entity]. ----- **Copyright 2014 Serval Project Inc.** ![CC-BY-4.0](./cc-by-4.0.png) This document is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence][CC BY 4.0]. [Serval Project]: http://www.servalproject.org/ [Serval Project Wiki]: http://developer.servalproject.org/ [Serval DNA]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:servaldna: [Serval DNA development]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:servaldna:development [Serval Mesh]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:servalmesh: [Serval Mesh Extender]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:meshextender: [Serval mesh network]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:tech:mesh_network [SPI]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:spi [serval-dna]: https://github.com/servalproject/serval-dna [batphone]: https://github.com/servalproject/batphone [issue #28]: https://github.com/servalproject/serval-dna/issues/28 [GNU C]: http://gcc.gnu.org/ [daemon]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing) [free software]: http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html [contributors]: /servalproject/serval-dna/blob/development/CONTRIBUTORS.md [GitHub]: https://github.com/servalproject [COPYRIGHT]: ./COPYRIGHT.txt [GPL2]: ./GPL-2.0.txt [Apple app store]: http://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/more-about-the-app-store-gpl-enforcement [individ]: http://developer.servalproject.org/files/serval_project_inc-individual.pdf [entity]: http://developer.servalproject.org/files/serval_project_inc-entity.pdf [DNA]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:tech:dna [Serval Keyring]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:tech:keyring [MDP]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:tech:mdp [VoMP]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:tech:vomp [Rhizome]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:tech:rhizome [MeshMS]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:tech:meshms [Serval Infrastructure]: http://developer.servalproject.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=content:tech:serval_infrastructure [JNI]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface [Bash]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell) [pipe]: http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man2/pipe.2.html [CC BY 4.0]: ./LICENSE-DOCUMENTATION.md