diff --git a/overlay_payload.c b/overlay_payload.c
index a15b3bc8..a138652e 100644
--- a/overlay_payload.c
+++ b/overlay_payload.c
@@ -110,9 +110,11 @@ int overlay_frame_append_payload(struct decode_context *context, overlay_interfa
 			     p->destination, p->source))
     goto cleanup;
   
-  if (ob_append_ui16(b, ob_position(p->payload)))
+  if (interface->encapsulation == ENCAP_OVERLAY){
+    if (ob_append_ui16(b, ob_position(p->payload)))
       goto cleanup;
-      
+  }
+
   if (ob_append_bytes(b, ob_ptr(p->payload), ob_position(p->payload))) {
     WHY("could not append payload"); 
     goto cleanup;
@@ -125,35 +127,6 @@ cleanup:
   return -1;
 }
 
-int single_packet_encapsulation(struct overlay_buffer *b, struct overlay_frame *frame){
-  overlay_interface *interface=frame->interface;
-  int interface_number = interface - overlay_interfaces;
-  struct decode_context context;
-  bzero(&context, sizeof(struct decode_context));
-  
-  if (frame->source_full)
-    my_subscriber->send_full=1;
-  int seq = interface->sequence_number++;
-  if (overlay_packet_init_header(frame->packet_version, ENCAP_SINGLE, &context, b, NULL, 0, interface_number, seq))
-    return WHY("Failed to init header");
-
-  struct broadcast *broadcast=NULL;
-  if ((!frame->destination) && !is_all_matching(frame->broadcast_id.id,BROADCAST_LEN,0))
-    broadcast = &frame->broadcast_id;
-
-  if (overlay_frame_build_header(frame->packet_version, &context, b,
-				 frame->queue, frame->type, 
-				 frame->modifiers, frame->ttl, frame->mdp_sequence & 0xFF,
-				 broadcast, frame->next_hop, 
-				 frame->destination, frame->source))
-    return WHY("Failed to build header");
-  
-  if (ob_append_buffer(b, frame->payload))
-    return WHY("Failed to append payload");
-  
-  return 0;
-}
-
 int op_free(struct overlay_frame *p)
 {
   if (!p) return WHY("Asked to free NULL");
diff --git a/overlay_queue.c b/overlay_queue.c
index 6bb7c03d..1a87fc0a 100644
--- a/overlay_queue.c
+++ b/overlay_queue.c
@@ -276,13 +276,14 @@ overlay_init_packet(struct outgoing_packet *packet, struct subscriber *destinati
   packet->buffer=ob_new();
   packet->seq=-1;
   packet->packet_version = packet_version;
+
   if (unicast)
     packet->unicast_subscriber = destination;
   else
     packet->seq = interface->sequence_number = (interface->sequence_number + 1)&0xFFFF;
   ob_limitsize(packet->buffer, packet->interface->mtu);
   
-  overlay_packet_init_header(packet_version, ENCAP_OVERLAY, &packet->context, packet->buffer, 
+  overlay_packet_init_header(packet_version, interface->encapsulation, &packet->context, packet->buffer, 
 			     destination, unicast, packet->i, packet->seq);
   packet->header_length = ob_position(packet->buffer);
   if (config.debug.overlayframes)
@@ -496,12 +497,12 @@ overlay_stuff_packet(struct outgoing_packet *packet, overlay_txqueue *queue, tim
       if (frame->source_full)
 	my_subscriber->send_full=1;
 
-      if (frame->interface->encapsulation!=ENCAP_SINGLE)
-        overlay_init_packet(packet, frame->next_hop, frame->unicast, frame->packet_version, frame->interface, frame->recvaddr);
+      overlay_init_packet(packet, frame->next_hop, frame->unicast, frame->packet_version, frame->interface, frame->recvaddr);
 
     }else{
       // is this packet going our way?
       if (frame->interface!=packet->interface ||
+	  frame->interface->encapsulation==ENCAP_SINGLE ||
 	  frame->packet_version!=packet->packet_version ||
 	  memcmp(&packet->dest, &frame->recvaddr, sizeof(packet->dest))!=0){
 	goto skip;
@@ -530,25 +531,10 @@ overlay_stuff_packet(struct outgoing_packet *packet, overlay_txqueue *queue, tim
         DEBUGF("Retransmitting frame %p mdp seq %d, from packet seq %d in seq %d", frame, frame->mdp_sequence, frame->interface_sent_sequence[packet->i], packet->seq);
     }
 
-    if (frame->interface->encapsulation==ENCAP_SINGLE){
-      // send MDP packets without aggregating them together
-      struct overlay_buffer *buff = ob_new();
-
-      int ret=single_packet_encapsulation(buff, frame);
-      if (!ret){
-	ret=overlay_broadcast_ensemble(frame->interface, &frame->recvaddr, ob_ptr(buff), ob_position(buff));
-      }
-
-      ob_free(buff);
-
-      if (ret)
-	goto skip;
-    }else{
-      if (overlay_frame_append_payload(&packet->context, packet->interface, frame, packet->buffer)){
-        // payload was not queued, delay the next attempt slightly
-	frame->dont_send_until = now + 5;
-        goto skip;
-      }
+    if (overlay_frame_append_payload(&packet->context, packet->interface, frame, packet->buffer)){
+      // payload was not queued, delay the next attempt slightly
+      frame->dont_send_until = now + 5;
+      goto skip;
     }
 
     frame->interface_sent_sequence[packet->i] = packet->seq;
diff --git a/serval.h b/serval.h
index 291993f2..6ea16dba 100644
--- a/serval.h
+++ b/serval.h
@@ -403,6 +403,7 @@ typedef struct overlay_interface {
   char prefer_unicast;
   // can we use this interface for routes to addresses in other subnets?
   int default_route;
+  char debug;
   
   /* Number of milli-seconds per tick for this interface, which is basically related to the     
    the typical TX range divided by the maximum expected speed of nodes in the network.
@@ -513,7 +514,6 @@ time_ms_t overlay_time_until_next_tick();
 
 int overlay_frame_append_payload(struct decode_context *context, overlay_interface *interface, 
 				 struct overlay_frame *p, struct overlay_buffer *b);
-int single_packet_encapsulation(struct overlay_buffer *b, struct overlay_frame *frame);
 int overlay_packet_init_header(int packet_version, int encapsulation, 
 			       struct decode_context *context, struct overlay_buffer *buff, 
 			       struct subscriber *destination,