serval-dna/commandline.c

/*
Serval Distributed Numbering Architecture (DNA)
Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Paul Gardner-Stephen

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
*/

#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
#include <strings.h>
#endif
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef HAVE_JNI_H
#include <jni.h>
#endif
#include "serval.h"
#include "rhizome.h"
#include "strbuf.h"

int cli_usage() {
  fprintf(stderr,"\nServal Mesh version <version>.\n");
  fprintf(stderr,"Usage:\n");
  int i,j;
  for(i=0;command_line_options[i].function;i++)
    {
      for(j=0;command_line_options[i].words[j];j++)
	fprintf(stderr," %s",command_line_options[i].words[j]);
      fprintf(stderr,"\n   %s\n",command_line_options[i].description);
    }
  return -1;
}

/* Data structures for accumulating output of a single JNI call.
*/

#ifdef HAVE_JNI_H

#define OUTV_BUFFER_ALLOCSIZE	(8192)

JNIEnv *jni_env = NULL;
int jni_exception = 0;

jobject outv_list = NULL;
jmethodID listAddMethodId = NULL;

char *outv_buffer = NULL;
char *outv_current = NULL;
char *outv_limit = NULL;

static int outv_growbuf(size_t needed)
{
  size_t newsize = (outv_limit - outv_current < needed) ? (outv_limit - outv_buffer) + needed : 0;
  if (newsize) {
    // Round up to nearest multiple of OUTV_BUFFER_ALLOCSIZE.
    newsize = newsize + OUTV_BUFFER_ALLOCSIZE - ((newsize - 1) % OUTV_BUFFER_ALLOCSIZE + 1);
    size_t length = outv_current - outv_buffer;
    outv_buffer = realloc(outv_buffer, newsize);
    if (outv_buffer == NULL)
      return WHYF("Out of memory allocating %lu bytes", (unsigned long) newsize);
    outv_current = outv_buffer + length;
    outv_limit = outv_buffer + newsize;
  }
  return 0;
}

static int outv_end_field()
{
  outv_growbuf(1);
  *outv_current++ = '\0';
  jstring str = (jstring)(*jni_env)->NewStringUTF(jni_env, outv_buffer);
  outv_current = outv_buffer;
  if (str == NULL) {
    jni_exception = 1;
    return WHY("Exception thrown from NewStringUTF()");
  }
  (*jni_env)->CallBooleanMethod(jni_env, outv_list, listAddMethodId, str);
  if ((*jni_env)->ExceptionOccurred(jni_env)) {
    jni_exception = 1;
    return WHY("Exception thrown from CallBooleanMethod()");
  }
  (*jni_env)->DeleteLocalRef(jni_env, str);
  return 0;
}

/* JNI entry point to command line.  See org.servalproject.servald.ServalD class for the Java side.
   JNI method descriptor: "(Ljava/util/List;[Ljava/lang/String;)I"
*/
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_org_servalproject_servald_ServalD_rawCommand(JNIEnv *env, jobject this, jobject outv, jobjectArray args)
{
  jclass stringClass = NULL;
  jclass listClass = NULL;
  unsigned char status = 0; // to match what the shell gets: 0..255
  // Enforce non re-entrancy.
  if (jni_env) {
    jclass exceptionClass = NULL;
    if ((exceptionClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException")) == NULL)
      return -1; // exception
    (*env)->ThrowNew(env, exceptionClass, "re-entrancy not supported");
    return -1;
  }
  // Get some handles to some classes and methods that we use later on.
  if ((stringClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/String")) == NULL)
    return -1; // exception
  if ((listClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/util/List")) == NULL)
    return -1; // exception
  if ((listAddMethodId = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, listClass, "add", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z")) == NULL)
    return -1; // exception
  // Construct argv, argc from this method's arguments.
  jsize len = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env, args);
  const char **argv = malloc(sizeof(char*) * (len + 1));
  if (argv == NULL) {
    jclass exceptionClass = NULL;
    if ((exceptionClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/OutOfMemoryError")) == NULL)
      return -1; // exception
    (*env)->ThrowNew(env, exceptionClass, "malloc returned NULL");
    return -1;
  }
  jsize i;
  for (i = 0; i <= len; ++i)
    argv[i] = NULL;
  int argc = len;
  // From now on, in case of an exception we have to free some resources before
  // returning.
  jni_exception = 0;
  for (i = 0; !jni_exception && i != len; ++i) {
    const jstring arg = (jstring)(*env)->GetObjectArrayElement(env, args, i);
    if (arg == NULL)
      jni_exception = 1;
    else {
      const char *str = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, arg, NULL);
      if (str == NULL)
	jni_exception = 1;
      else
	argv[i] = str;
    }
  }
  if (!jni_exception) {
    // Set up the output buffer.
    outv_list = outv;
    outv_current = outv_buffer;
    // Execute the command.
    jni_env = env;
    status = parseCommandLine(argc, argv);
    jni_env = NULL;
  }
  // Release argv Java string buffers.
  for (i = 0; i != len; ++i) {
    if (argv[i]) {
      const jstring arg = (jstring)(*env)->GetObjectArrayElement(env, args, i);
      (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, arg, argv[i]);
    }
  }
  free(argv);
  // Deal with Java exceptions: NewStringUTF out of memory in outv_end_field().
  if (jni_exception || (outv_current != outv_buffer && outv_end_field() == -1))
    return -1;
  return (jint) status;
}

#endif /* HAVE_JNI_H */

static void complainCommandLine(const char *prefix, int argc, const char *const *argv)
{
  strbuf b = strbuf_alloca(1024);
  int i;
  for (i = 0; !strbuf_overrun(b) && i != argc; ++i) {
      const char *arg = argv[i];
      if (i)
	strbuf_putc(b, ' ');
      if (!arg[0] || strchr(arg, '\'') || strchr(arg, ' ')) {
	strbuf_putc(b, '\'');
	for (; *arg && !strbuf_overrun(b); ++arg) {
	  if (*arg == '\\')
	    strbuf_puts(b, "\\\\");
	  else if (*arg == '\'')
	    strbuf_puts(b, "\\'");
	  else
	    strbuf_putc(b, *arg);
	}
	strbuf_putc(b, '\'');
      } else {
	strbuf_puts(b, arg);
      }
  }
  WHYF("%s%s%s", prefix, strbuf_str(b), strbuf_overrun(b) ? "..." : "");
}

/* args[] excludes command name (unless hardlinks are used to use first words 
   of command sequences as alternate names of the command. */
int parseCommandLine(int argc, const char *const *args)
{
  int i;
  int ambiguous=0;
  int cli_call=-1;
  for(i=0;command_line_options[i].function;i++)
    {
      int j;
      const char *word = NULL;
      int optional = 0;
      int mandatory = 0;
      for (j = 0; (word = command_line_options[i].words[j]); ++j) {
	int wordlen = strlen(word);
	if (optional < 0) {
	  WHYF("Internal error: command_line_options[%d].word[%d]=\"%s\" not allowed after \"...\"", i, j, word);
	  break;
	}
	else if (!(  (wordlen > 2 && word[0] == '<' && word[wordlen-1] == '>')
		  || (wordlen > 4 && word[0] == '[' && word[1] == '<' && word[wordlen-2] == '>' && word[wordlen-1] == ']')
		  || (wordlen > 0)
	)) {
	  WHYF("Internal error: command_line_options[%d].word[%d]=\"%s\" is malformed", i, j, word);
	  break;
	} else if (word[0] == '<') {
	  ++mandatory;
	  if (optional) {
	    WHYF("Internal error: command_line_options[%d].word[%d]=\"%s\" should be optional", i, j, word);
	    break;
	  }
	} else if (word[0] == '[') {
	  ++optional;
	} else if (wordlen == 3 && word[0] == '.' && word[1] == '.' && word[2] == '.') {
	  optional = -1;
	} else {
	  ++mandatory;
	  if (j < argc && strcasecmp(word, args[j])) // literal words don't match
	    break;
	}
      }
      if (!word && argc >= mandatory && (optional < 0 || argc <= mandatory + optional)) {
	/* A match!  We got through the command definition with no internal errors and all literal
	   args matched and we have a proper number of args.  If we have multiple matches, then note
	   that the call is ambiguous. */
	if (cli_call>=0) ambiguous++;
	if (ambiguous==1) {
	  WHY("Ambiguous command line call:");
	  complainCommandLine("   ", argc, args);
	  WHY("Matches the following known command line calls:");
	  complainCommandLine("   ", argc, command_line_options[cli_call].words);
	}
	if (ambiguous) {
	  complainCommandLine("   ", argc, command_line_options[i].words);
	}
	cli_call=i;
      }
    }

  /* Don't process ambiguous calls */
  if (ambiguous) return -1;
  /* Complain if we found no matching calls */
  if (cli_call<0) {
    WHY("Unknown command line call:");
    complainCommandLine("   ", argc, args);
    return cli_usage();
  }

  /* Otherwise, make call */
  confSetDebugFlags();
  int result=command_line_options[cli_call].function(argc, args, &command_line_options[cli_call]);
  /* clean up after ourselves */
  overlay_mdp_client_done();
  return result;
}

int cli_arg(int argc, const char *const *argv, command_line_option *o, char *argname, const char **dst, int (*validator)(const char *arg), char *defaultvalue)
{
  int arglen = strlen(argname);
  int i;
  const char *word;
  for(i = 0; (word = o->words[i]); ++i) {
    int wordlen = strlen(word);
    /* No need to check that the "<...>" and "[<...>]" are all intact in the command_line_option,
       because that was already checked in parseCommandLine(). */
    if (i < argc
      &&(  (wordlen == arglen + 2 && word[0] == '<' && !strncasecmp(&word[1], argname, arglen))
        || (wordlen == arglen + 4 && word[0] == '[' && !strncasecmp(&word[2], argname, arglen)))
    ) {
      const char *value = argv[i];
      if (validator && !(*validator)(value))
	return WHYF("Invalid argument %d '%s': \"%s\"", i + 1, argname, value);
      *dst = value;
      return 0;
    }
  }
  /* No matching valid argument was found, so return default value.  It might seem that this should
     never happen, but it can because more than one version of a command line option may exist, one
     with a given argument and another without, and allowing a default value means we can have a
     single function handle both in a fairly simple manner. */
  *dst = defaultvalue;
  return 1;
}

/* Write a single character to output.  If in a JNI call, then this appends the character to the
   current output field.  Returns the character written cast to an unsigned char then to int, or EOF
   on error.
 */
int cli_putchar(char c)
{
#ifdef HAVE_JNI_H
    if (jni_env) {
      if (outv_current == outv_limit && outv_growbuf(1) == -1)
	return EOF;
      *outv_current++ = c;
      return (unsigned char) c;
    }
    else
#endif
      return putchar(c);
}

/* Write a null-terminated string to output.  If in a JNI call, then this appends the string to the
   current output field.  The terminating null is not included.  Returns a non-negative integer on
   success, EOF on error.
 */
int cli_puts(const char *str)
{
#ifdef HAVE_JNI_H
    if (jni_env) {
      size_t len = strlen(str);
      size_t avail = outv_limit - outv_current;
      if (avail < len) {
	strncpy(outv_current, str, avail);
	outv_current = outv_limit;
	if (outv_growbuf(len) == -1)
	  return EOF;
	len -= avail;
	str += avail;
      }
      strncpy(outv_current, str, len);
      outv_current += len;
      return 0;
    }
    else
#endif
      return fputs(str, stdout);
}

/* Write a formatted string to output.  If in a JNI call, then this appends the string to the
   current output field, excluding the terminating null.  Returns the number of bytes
   written/appended, or -1 on error.
 */
int cli_printf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
  int ret = 0;
  va_list ap;
#ifdef HAVE_JNI_H
  if (jni_env) {
    size_t avail = outv_limit - outv_current;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    int count = vsnprintf(outv_current, avail, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    if (count >= avail) {
      if (outv_growbuf(count) == -1)
	return -1;
      va_start(ap, fmt);
      vsprintf(outv_current, fmt, ap);
      va_end(ap);
    }
    outv_current += count;
    ret = count;
  } else
#endif
  {
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    ret = vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
  }
  return ret;
}

/* Delimit the current output field.  This closes the current field, so that the next cli_ output
   function will start appending to a new field.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.  If not in a
   JNI call, then this simply writes a newline to standard output (or the value of the
   SERVALD_OUTPUT_DELIMITER env var if set).
 */
int cli_delim(const char *opt)
{
#ifdef HAVE_JNI_H
  if (jni_env) {
    return outv_end_field();
  } else
#endif
  {
    const char *delim = getenv("SERVALD_OUTPUT_DELIMITER");
    if (delim == NULL)
      delim = opt ? opt : "\n";
    fputs(delim, stdout);
  }
  return 0;
}

int app_echo(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  int i;
  for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (debug & DEBUG_VERBOSE)
      DEBUGF("echo:argv[%d]=%s", i, argv[i]);
    cli_puts(argv[i]);
    cli_delim(NULL);
  }
  return 0;
}

int app_dna_lookup(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  int i;
  /* Create the instance directory if it does not yet exist */
  if (create_serval_instance_dir() == -1)
    return -1;

  int uri_count=0;
#define MAXREPLIES 256
#define MAXURILEN 256
  char uris[MAXREPLIES][MAXURILEN];

  const char *did;
  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "did", &did, NULL, "*") == -1)
    return -1;

  /* Bind to MDP socket and await confirmation */
  unsigned char srcsid[SID_SIZE];
  int port=32768+(random()&32767);
  if (overlay_mdp_getmyaddr(0,srcsid)) return WHY("Could not get local address");
  if (overlay_mdp_bind(srcsid,port)) return WHY("Could not bind to MDP socket");

  /* use MDP to send the lookup request to MDP_PORT_DNALOOKUP, and wait for
     replies. */
  overlay_mdp_frame mdp;
  bzero(&mdp,sizeof(mdp));

  /* Now repeatedly send resolution request and collect results until we reach
     timeout. */
  unsigned long long timeout=overlay_gettime_ms()+3000;
  unsigned long long last_tx=0;
  
  while(timeout>overlay_gettime_ms())
    {
      unsigned long long now=overlay_gettime_ms();
      if ((last_tx+125)<now)
	{ 
	  mdp.packetTypeAndFlags=MDP_TX|MDP_NOCRYPT;
	  
	  /* set source address to a local address, and pick a random port */
	  mdp.out.src.port=port;
	  bcopy(&srcsid[0],&mdp.out.src.sid[0],SID_SIZE);
	  
	  /* Send to broadcast address and DNA lookup port */
	  for(i=0;i<SID_SIZE;i++) mdp.out.dst.sid[i]=0xff;
	  mdp.out.dst.port=MDP_PORT_DNALOOKUP;
	  
	  /* put DID into packet */
	  bcopy(did,&mdp.out.payload[0],strlen(did)+1);
	  mdp.out.payload_length=strlen(did)+1;

	  overlay_mdp_send(&mdp,0,0);
	  last_tx=now;
	}
      long long short_timeout=125;
      while(short_timeout>0) {
	if (overlay_mdp_client_poll(short_timeout))
	  {
	    overlay_mdp_frame rx;
	    int ttl;
	    while (overlay_mdp_recv(&rx,&ttl)==0)
	      {
		if (rx.packetTypeAndFlags==MDP_ERROR)
		  {
		    WHYF("       Error message: %s", mdp.error.message);
		  }
		else if ((rx.packetTypeAndFlags&MDP_TYPE_MASK)==MDP_TX) {
		  /* Extract DID, Name, URI from response. */
		  if (strlen((char *)rx.in.payload)<512) {
		    char did[512];
		    char name[512];
		    char uri[512];
		    if (!parseDnaReply(rx.in.payload,rx.in.payload_length,
				       did,name,uri))
		      {
			/* Have we seen this response before? */
			int i;
			for(i=0;i<uri_count;i++)
			  if (!strcmp(uri,uris[i])) break;
			if (i==uri_count) {
			  /* Not previously seen, so report it */
			  cli_puts(uri); cli_delim(":");
			  cli_puts(did); cli_delim(":");
			  cli_puts(name); cli_delim("\n");
			  /* Remember that we have seen it */
			  if (uri_count<MAXREPLIES&&strlen(uri)<MAXURILEN) {
			    strcpy(uris[uri_count++],uri);
			  }
			}
		      }
		  }
		}
		else WHYF("packettype=0x%x",rx.packetTypeAndFlags);
		if (servalShutdown) break;
	      }
	  }
	if (servalShutdown) break;
	short_timeout=125-(overlay_gettime_ms()-now);
      }
      if (servalShutdown) break;
    }

  overlay_mdp_client_done();
  return 0;
}

int confValueRotor=0;
char confValue[4][128];
const char *confValueGet(const char *var, const char *defaultValue)
{
  if (!var) return defaultValue;
  int varLen=strlen(var);

  char filename[1024];
  if (!FORM_SERVAL_INSTANCE_PATH(filename, "serval.conf")) {
    WARNF("Using default value of %s: %s", var, defaultValue);
    return defaultValue;
  }
  FILE *f = fopen(filename,"r");
  if (!f) {
    if (defaultValue)
      WARNF("Cannot open serval.conf, using default value of %s: %s", var, defaultValue);
    return defaultValue;
  }

  char line[1024];
  line[0] = '\0';
  fgets(line, sizeof line, f);
  while (line[0]) {
    if (!strncasecmp(line, var, varLen) && line[varLen] == '=') {
      fclose(f);
      size_t len = strlen(&line[varLen + 1]);
      if (len > sizeof confValue[0])
	return defaultValue;
      if (len && line[varLen + len] == '\n')
	line[varLen + len--] = '\0';
      if (len && line[varLen + len] == '\r')
	line[varLen + len--] = '\0';
      /* The rotor is used to pick which of four buffers to return in.
	  This allows the use of up to four calls to confValueGet() in
	  a single string formatting exercise, without unexpected side
	  effect. */
      confValueRotor++;
      confValueRotor &= 3;
      strcpy(&confValue[confValueRotor][0], &line[varLen + 1]);
      return &confValue[confValueRotor][0];
    }
    line[0] = '\0';
    fgets(line, sizeof line, f);
  }
  fclose(f);
  return defaultValue;
}

int confValueGetBoolean(const char *var, int defaultValue)
{
  const char *value = confValueGet(var, NULL);
  if (!value)
    return defaultValue;
  int flag = confParseBoolean(value, var);
  if (flag >= 0)
    return flag;
  WARNF("Config option %s: using default value %s", var, defaultValue ? "true" : "false");
  return defaultValue;
}

int64_t confValueGetInt64(const char *var, int64_t defaultValue)
{
  const char *start = confValueGet(var, NULL);
  if (!start)
    return defaultValue;
  const char *end = start;
  long long value = strtoll(start, (char **)&end, 10);
  if (*start && !*end && end != start)
    return value;
  WARNF("Config option %s: '%s' is not an integer, using default value %lld", var, start, (long long) defaultValue);
  return defaultValue;
}

int64_t confValueGetInt64Range(const char *var, int64_t defaultValue, int64_t rangemin, int64_t rangemax)
{
  int64_t value = confValueGetInt64(var, defaultValue);
  if (value >= rangemin || value <= rangemax)
    return value;
  WARNF("Config option %s: configured value %lld out of range [%lld,%lld], using default value %lld",
      var, (long long) value, (long long) rangemin, (long long) rangemax, (long long) defaultValue);
  return defaultValue;
}

void confSetDebugFlags()
{
  char filename[1024];
  if (FORM_SERVAL_INSTANCE_PATH(filename, "serval.conf")) {
    FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (f) {
      unsigned int setmask = 0;
      unsigned int clearmask = 0;
      int setall = 0;
      int clearall = 0;
      char line[1024];
      line[0] = '\0';
      fgets(line, sizeof line, f);
      while (line[0]) {
	if (!strncasecmp(line, "debug.", 6)) {
	  char *flagname = line + 6;
	  char *p = flagname;
	  while (*p && *p != '=')
	    ++p;
	  int flag;
	  if (*p) {
	    *p = '\0';
	    char *q = p + 1;
	    while (*q && *q != '\n')
	      ++q;
	    *q = '\0';
	    if ((flag = confParseBoolean(p + 1, flagname)) != -1) {
	      unsigned int mask = debugFlagMask(flagname);
	      if (mask == DEBUG_ALL) {
		if (flag) {
		  // DEBUGF("Set all debug flags");
		  setall = 1;
		} else {
		  // DEBUGF("Clear all debug flags");
		  clearall = 1;
		}
	      } else {
		if (flag) {
		  // DEBUGF("Set debug.%s", flagname);
		  setmask |= mask;
		} else {
		  // DEBUGF("Clear debug.%s", flagname);
		  clearmask |= mask;
		}
	      }
	    }
	  }
	}
	line[0] = '\0';
	fgets(line, sizeof line, f);
      }
      fclose(f);
      if (setall)
	debug = DEBUG_ALL;
      else if (clearall)
	debug = 0;
      debug &= ~clearmask;
      debug |= setmask;
    }
  }
}

int confParseBoolean(const char *text, const char *option_name)
{
  if (!strcasecmp(text, "on") || !strcasecmp(text, "yes") || !strcasecmp(text, "true") || !strcmp(text, "1"))
    return 1;
  if (!strcasecmp(text, "off") || !strcasecmp(text, "no") || !strcasecmp(text, "false") || !strcmp(text, "0"))
    return 0;
  WARNF("Config option %s: invalid boolean value '%s'", option_name, text);
  return -1;
}

int cli_absolute_path(const char *arg)
{
  return arg[0] == '/' && arg[1] != '\0';
}

int app_server_start(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  /* Process optional arguments */
  int pid=-1;
#if 0
  int status=server_probe(&pid);
  switch(status) {
  case SERVER_NOTRESPONDING: 
    /* server is not responding, and we have been asked to start,
       so try to kill it?
    */
    WHYF("Serval process already running (pid=%d), but no responding.", pid);
    if (pid>-1) {
      kill(pid,SIGHUP); sleep(1);
      status=server_probe(&pid);
      if (status!=SERVER_NOTRUNNING) {
	WHY("Tried to stop stuck servald process, but attempt failed.");
	return -1;
      }
      WHY("Killed stuck servald process, so will try to start");
      pid=-1;
    }
    break;
  case SERVER_NOTRUNNING:
    /* all is well */
    break;
  case SERVER_RUNNING:
    /* instance running */
    break;
  default:
    /* no idea what is going on, so try to start anyway */
    break;
  }
#endif
  const char *execpath;
  int foregroundP = (argc >= 2 && !strcasecmp(argv[1], "foreground"));
  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "instance path", &thisinstancepath, cli_absolute_path, NULL) == -1
   || cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "exec path", &execpath, cli_absolute_path, NULL) == -1)
    return -1;
  /* Create the instance directory if it does not yet exist */
  if (create_serval_instance_dir() == -1)
    return -1;
  /* Now that we know our instance path, we can ask for the default set of
     network interfaces that we will take interest in. */
  const char *interfaces = confValueGet("interfaces", "");
  if (!interfaces[0])
    WHY("No network interfaces configured (empty 'interfaces' config setting)");
  overlay_interface_args(interfaces);
  if (pid == -1)
    pid = server_pid();
  if (pid < 0)
    return -1;
  int ret = -1;
  if (pid > 0) {
    INFOF("Server already running (pid=%d)", pid);
    ret = 10;
  } else {
    INFOF("Starting server %s", execpath ? execpath : "without exec");
    /* Start the Serval process.  All server settings will be read by the server process from the
       instance directory when it starts up.  */
    if (server_remove_stopfile() == -1)
      return -1;
    if (rhizome_opendb() == -1)
      return -1;
    overlayMode = 1;
    if (foregroundP)
      return server(NULL);
    switch (fork()) {
      case -1:
	/* Main process.  Fork failed.  There is no child process. */
	return WHY_perror("fork");
      case 0: {
	/* Child process.  Close logfile (so that it gets re-opened again on demand, with our
	   own file pointer), disconnect from current directory, disconnect standard I/O streams,
	   and start a new process group so that if we are being started by an adb shell session,
	   then we don't receive a SIGHUP when the adb shell process ends.  */
	close_logging();
	int fd;
	if ((fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0)) == -1)
	  _exit(WHY_perror("open"));
	if (setsid() == -1)
	  _exit(WHY_perror("setsid"));
	(void)chdir("/");
	(void)dup2(fd, 0);
	(void)dup2(fd, 1);
	(void)dup2(fd, 2);
	if (fd > 2)
	  (void)close(fd);
	/* The execpath option is provided so that a JNI call to "start" can be made which
	   creates a new server daemon process with the correct argv[0].  Otherwise, the servald
	   process appears as a process with argv[0] = "org.servalproject". */
	if (execpath) {
	  execl(execpath, execpath, "start", "foreground", NULL);
	  _exit(-1);
	}
	_exit(server(NULL));
	// NOT REACHED
      }
    }
    /* Main process.  Allow a few seconds for the child process to report for duty. */
    long long timeout = gettime_ms() + 5000;
    do {
      struct timespec delay;
      delay.tv_sec = 0;
      delay.tv_nsec = 200000000; // 200 ms = 5 Hz
      nanosleep(&delay, NULL);
    } while ((pid = server_pid()) == 0 && gettime_ms() < timeout);
    if (pid == -1)
      return -1;
    if (pid == 0)
      return WHY("Server process did not start");
    ret = 0;
  }
  cli_puts("instancepath");
  cli_delim(":");
  cli_puts(serval_instancepath());
  cli_delim("\n");
  cli_puts("pid");
  cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%d", pid);
  cli_delim("\n");
  return ret;
}

int app_server_stop(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  int			pid, tries, running;
  const char		*instancepath;
  long long		timeout;
  struct timespec 	delay;

  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "instance path", &thisinstancepath, cli_absolute_path, NULL) == -1)
    return WHY("Unable to determine instance path");

  instancepath = serval_instancepath();
  cli_puts("instancepath");
  cli_delim(":");
  cli_puts(instancepath);
  cli_delim("\n");

  pid = server_pid();
  /* Not running, nothing to stop */
  if (pid <= 0)
    return 1;

  INFOF("Stopping server (pid=%d)", pid);

  /* Set the stop file and signal the process */
  cli_puts("pid");
  cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%d", pid);
  cli_delim("\n");

  tries = 0;
  running = pid;
  while (running == pid) {
    if (tries >= 5)
      return WHYF(
	  "Servald pid=%d for instance '%s' did not stop after %d SIGHUP signals",
	  pid, instancepath, tries
	);
    ++tries;
    /* Create the stopfile, which causes the server process's signal handler to exit
       instead of restarting. */
    server_create_stopfile();
    if (kill(pid, SIGHUP) == -1) {
      // ESRCH means process is gone, possibly we are racing with another stop, or servald just
      // died voluntarily.
      if (errno == ESRCH) {
	serverCleanUp();
	break;
      }
      WHY_perror("kill");
      return WHYF("Error sending SIGHUP to Servald pid=%d for instance '%s'", pid, instancepath);
    }
    /* Allow a few seconds for the process to die. */
    timeout = gettime_ms() + 2000;
    do {
      delay.tv_sec = 0;
      delay.tv_nsec = 200000000; // 200 ms = 5 Hz
      nanosleep(&delay, NULL);
    } while ((running = server_pid()) == pid && gettime_ms() < timeout);
  }
  server_remove_stopfile();
  cli_puts("tries");
  cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%d", tries);
  cli_delim("\n");
  return 0;
}

int app_server_status(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  int	pid;

  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "instance path", &thisinstancepath, cli_absolute_path, NULL) == -1)
    return WHY("Unable to determine instance path");

  pid = server_pid();

  cli_puts("instancepath");
  cli_delim(":");
  cli_puts(serval_instancepath());
  cli_delim("\n");
  cli_puts("status");
  cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%s", pid > 0 ? "running" : "stopped");
  cli_delim("\n");
  if (pid > 0) {
    cli_puts("pid");
    cli_delim(":");
    cli_printf("%d", pid);
    cli_delim("\n");
  }
  
  return pid > 0 ? 0 : 1;
}

int app_mdp_ping(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *sid;
  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "SID|broadcast", &sid, validateSid, "broadcast") == -1)
    return -1;

  overlay_mdp_frame mdp;
  
  /* Bind to MDP socket and await confirmation */
  unsigned char srcsid[SID_SIZE];
  int port=32768+(random()&32767);
  if (overlay_mdp_getmyaddr(0,srcsid)) return WHY("Could not get local address");
  if (overlay_mdp_bind(srcsid,port)) return WHY("Could not bind to MDP socket");

  /* First sequence number in the echo frames */
  unsigned int firstSeq=random();
  unsigned int sequence_number=firstSeq;

  /* Get SID that we want to ping.
     XXX - allow lookup of SID prefixes and telephone numbers
     (that would require MDP lookup of phone numbers, which doesn't yet occur) */
  int i;
  int broadcast=0;
  unsigned char ping_sid[SID_SIZE];
  if (strcasecmp(sid,"broadcast")) {
    stowSid(ping_sid,0,sid);
  } else {
    for(i=0;i<SID_SIZE;i++) ping_sid[i]=0xff;
    broadcast=1;
  }

  /* XXX Eventually we should try to resolve SID to phone number and vice versa */
  printf("MDP PING %s (%s): 12 data bytes\n",
	 overlay_render_sid(ping_sid),
	 overlay_render_sid(ping_sid));

  long long rx_mintime=-1;
  long long rx_maxtime=-1;
  long long rx_count=0,tx_count=0;
  long long rx_ms=0;
  long long rx_times[1024];

  if (broadcast) 
    WHY("WARNING: broadcast ping packets will not be encryped.");
  while(1) {
    /* Now send the ping packets */
    mdp.packetTypeAndFlags=MDP_TX;
    if (broadcast) mdp.packetTypeAndFlags|=MDP_NOCRYPT;
    mdp.out.src.port=port;
    bcopy(srcsid,mdp.out.src.sid,SID_SIZE);
    bcopy(ping_sid,&mdp.out.dst.sid[0],SID_SIZE);
    /* Set port to well known echo port (from /etc/services) */
    mdp.out.dst.port=7;
    mdp.out.payload_length=4+8;
    int *seq=(int *)&mdp.out.payload;
    *seq=sequence_number;
    long long *txtime=(long long *)&mdp.out.payload[4];
    *txtime=overlay_gettime_ms();
    
    int res=overlay_mdp_send(&mdp,0,0);
    if (res) {
      WHYF("ERROR: Could not dispatch PING frame #%d (error %d)", sequence_number - firstSeq, res);
      if (mdp.packetTypeAndFlags==MDP_ERROR)
	WHYF("       Error message: %s", mdp.error.message);
    } else tx_count++;

    /* Now look for replies until one second has passed, and print any replies
       with appropriate information as required */
    long long now=overlay_gettime_ms();
    long long timeout=now+1000;

    while(now<timeout) {
      long long timeout_ms=timeout-overlay_gettime_ms();
      int result = overlay_mdp_client_poll(timeout_ms);

      if (result>0) {
	int ttl=-1;
	while (overlay_mdp_recv(&mdp,&ttl)==0) {
	  switch(mdp.packetTypeAndFlags&MDP_TYPE_MASK) {
	  case MDP_ERROR:
	    WHYF("mdpping: overlay_mdp_recv: %s (code %d)", mdp.error.message, mdp.error.error);
	    break;
	  case MDP_TX:
	    {
	      int *rxseq=(int *)&mdp.in.payload;
	      long long *txtime=(long long *)&mdp.in.payload[4];
	      long long delay=overlay_gettime_ms()-*txtime;
	      printf("%s: seq=%d time=%lld ms%s%s\n",
		     overlay_render_sid(mdp.in.src.sid),(*rxseq)-firstSeq+1,delay,
		     mdp.packetTypeAndFlags&MDP_NOCRYPT?"":" ENCRYPTED",
		     mdp.packetTypeAndFlags&MDP_NOSIGN?"":" SIGNED");
	      // TODO Put duplicate pong detection here so that stats work properly.
	      rx_count++;
	      rx_ms+=delay;
	      if (rx_mintime>delay||rx_mintime==-1) rx_mintime=delay;
	      if (delay>rx_maxtime) rx_maxtime=delay;
	      rx_times[rx_count%1024]=delay;
	    }
	    break;
	  default:
	    WHYF("mdpping: overlay_mdp_recv: Unexpected MDP frame type 0x%x", mdp.packetTypeAndFlags);
	    break;
	  }
	}
      }
      now=overlay_gettime_ms();
      if (servalShutdown) {

	float rx_stddev=0;
	float rx_mean=rx_ms*1.0/rx_count;
	int samples=rx_count;
	if (samples>1024) samples=1024;
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<samples;i++)
	  rx_stddev+=(rx_mean-rx_times[i])*(rx_mean-rx_times[i]);
	rx_stddev/=samples;
	rx_stddev=sqrtf(rx_stddev);

	/* XXX Report final statistics before going */
	fprintf(stderr,"--- %s ping statistics ---\n",overlay_render_sid(ping_sid));
	fprintf(stderr,"%lld packets transmitted, %lld packets received, %3.1f%% packet loss\n",
		tx_count,rx_count,tx_count?(tx_count-rx_count)*100.0/tx_count:0);
	fprintf(stderr,"round-trip min/avg/max/stddev%s = %lld/%.3f/%lld/%.3f ms\n",
		(samples<rx_count)?" (stddev calculated from last 1024 samples)":"",
		rx_mintime,rx_mean,rx_maxtime,rx_stddev);

	overlay_mdp_client_done();
	return 0;
      }
    }
    sequence_number++;
    timeout=now+1000;
  }

  overlay_mdp_client_done();
  return 0;
}

static int set_variable(const char *var, const char *val)
{
  char conffile[1024];
  FILE *in;
  if (!FORM_SERVAL_INSTANCE_PATH(conffile, "serval.conf") ||
      !((in = fopen(conffile, "r")) || (in = fopen(conffile, "w")))
    ) {
    if (var)
      return WHY("could not read configuration file.");
    return -1;
  }

  char tempfile[1024];
  FILE *out;
  if (!FORM_SERVAL_INSTANCE_PATH(tempfile, "serval.conf.temp") ||
      !(out = fopen(tempfile, "w"))
    ) {
    fclose(in);
    return WHY("could not write temporary file.");
  }

  /* Read and write lines of config file, replacing the variable in question
     if required.  If the variable didn't already exist, then write it out at
     the end. */
  char line[1024];
  int found=0;
  int varlen=strlen(var);
  line[0]=0; fgets(line,1024,in);
  while(line[0]) {
    if (!strncasecmp(var, line, varlen) && line[varlen] == '=') {
      if (!found && val)
	fprintf(out, "%s=%s\n", var, val);
      found = 1;
    } else
      fprintf(out,"%s",line);
    line[0]=0; fgets(line,1024,in);
  }
  if (!found && val)
    fprintf(out, "%s=%s\n", var, val);
  fclose(in); fclose(out);

  if (rename(tempfile,conffile)) {
    return WHYF("Failed to rename \"%s\" to \"%s\".", tempfile, conffile);
  }

  return 0;
}

int cli_configvarname(const char *arg)
{
  if (arg[0] == '\0')
    return 0;
  if (!(isalnum(arg[0]) || arg[0] == '_'))
    return 0;
  const char *s = arg + 1;
  for (; *s; ++s)
    if (!(isalnum(*s) || *s == '_' || (*s == '.' && s[-1] != '.')))
      return 0;
  return s[-1] != '.';
}

int app_config_set(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *var, *val;
  if (	cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "variable", &var, cli_configvarname, NULL)
     || cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "value", &val, NULL, ""))
    return -1;
  if (create_serval_instance_dir() == -1)
    return -1;
  return set_variable(var, val);
}

int app_config_del(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *var;
  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "variable", &var, cli_configvarname, NULL))
    return -1;
  if (create_serval_instance_dir() == -1)
    return -1;
  return set_variable(var, NULL);
}

int app_config_get(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *var;
  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "variable", &var, cli_configvarname, NULL) == -1)
    return -1;
  if (create_serval_instance_dir() == -1)
    return -1;
  char conffile[1024];
  FILE *in;
  if (!FORM_SERVAL_INSTANCE_PATH(conffile, "serval.conf") ||
      !((in = fopen(conffile, "r")) || (in = fopen(conffile, "w")))
    ) {
    return WHY("could not read configuration file.");
  }
  /* Read lines of config file. */
  char line[1024];
  int varlen = var ? strlen(var) : 0;
  line[0]=0; fgets(line,1024,in);
  while(line[0]) {
    if (varlen == 0) {
      fputs(line, stdout);
    }
    else if (!strncasecmp(var, line, varlen) && line[varlen] == '=') {
      fputs(line, stdout);
      break;
    }
    line[0]=0;
    fgets(line,1024,in);
  }
  fclose(in);
  return 0;
}

int app_rhizome_hash_file(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  /* compute hash of file. We do this without a manifest, so it will necessarily
     return the hash of the file unencrypted. */
  const char *filepath;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "filepath", &filepath, NULL, "");
  char hexhash[RHIZOME_FILEHASH_STRLEN + 1];
  if (rhizome_hash_file(NULL,filepath, hexhash))
    return -1;
  cli_puts(hexhash);
  cli_delim("\n");
  return 0;
}

int cli_optional_sid(const char *arg)
{
  return !arg[0] || validateSid(arg);
}

int cli_optional_bundle_key(const char *arg)
{
  return !arg[0] || rhizome_str_is_bundle_key(arg);
}

int app_rhizome_add_file(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *filepath, *manifestpath, *authorSidHex, *pin, *bskhex;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "filepath", &filepath, NULL, "");
  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "author_sid", &authorSidHex, cli_optional_sid, "") == -1)
    return -1;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "pin", &pin, NULL, "");
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "manifestpath", &manifestpath, NULL, "");
  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "bsk", &bskhex, cli_optional_bundle_key, "") == -1)
    return -1;
  unsigned char authorSid[SID_SIZE];
  if (authorSidHex[0] && fromhexstr(authorSid, authorSidHex, SID_SIZE) == -1)
    return WHYF("invalid author_sid: %s", authorSidHex);
  unsigned char bsk[RHIZOME_BUNDLE_KEY_BYTES];
  if (bskhex[0] && fromhexstr(bsk, bskhex, RHIZOME_BUNDLE_KEY_BYTES) == -1)
    return WHYF("invalid bsk: %s", bskhex);
  if (create_serval_instance_dir() == -1)
    return -1;
  if (!(keyring = keyring_open_with_pins((char *)pin)))
    return -1;
  if (rhizome_opendb() == -1)
    return -1;
  /* Create a new manifest that will represent the file.  If a manifest file was supplied, then read
   * it, otherwise create a blank manifest. */
  rhizome_manifest *m = rhizome_new_manifest();
  if (!m)
    return WHY("Manifest struct could not be allocated -- not added to rhizome");
  if (manifestpath[0] && access(manifestpath, R_OK) == 0) {
    if (debug & DEBUG_RHIZOME) DEBUGF("reading manifest from %s", manifestpath);
    /* Don't verify the manifest, because it will fail if it is incomplete.
       This is okay, because we fill in any missing bits and sanity check before
       trying to write it out. */
    if (rhizome_read_manifest_file(m, manifestpath, 0) == -1) {
      rhizome_manifest_free(m);
      return WHY("Manifest file could not be loaded -- not added to rhizome");
    }
  } else {
    if (debug & DEBUG_RHIZOME) DEBUGF("manifest file %s does not exist -- creating new manifest", manifestpath);
  }
  /* Fill in a few missing manifest fields, to make it easier to use when adding new files:
      - the default service is FILE
      - use the current time for "date"
      - if service is file, then use the payload file's basename for "name"
  */
  const char *service = rhizome_manifest_get(m, "service", NULL, 0);
  if (service == NULL) {
    rhizome_manifest_set(m, "service", (service = RHIZOME_SERVICE_FILE));
    if (debug & DEBUG_RHIZOME) DEBUGF("missing 'service', set default service=%s", service);
  } else {
    if (debug & DEBUG_RHIZOME) DEBUGF("manifest contains service=%s", service);
  }
  if (rhizome_manifest_get(m, "date", NULL, 0) == NULL) {
    rhizome_manifest_set_ll(m, "date", gettime_ms());
    if (debug & DEBUG_RHIZOME) DEBUGF("missing 'date', set default date=%s", rhizome_manifest_get(m, "date", NULL, 0));
  }
  if (strcasecmp(RHIZOME_SERVICE_FILE, service) == 0) {
    const char *name = rhizome_manifest_get(m, "name", NULL, 0);
    if (name == NULL) {
      name = strrchr(filepath, '/');
      name = name ? name + 1 : filepath;
      rhizome_manifest_set(m, "name", name);
      if (debug & DEBUG_RHIZOME) DEBUGF("missing 'name', set default name=\"%s\"", name);
    } else {
      if (debug & DEBUG_RHIZOME) DEBUGF("manifest contains name=\"%s\"", name);
    }
  }
  /* If the author was not specified on the command-line, then the manifest's "sender"
      field is used, if present. */
  const char *sender = NULL;
  if (!authorSidHex[0] && (sender = rhizome_manifest_get(m, "sender", NULL, 0)) != NULL) {
    if (fromhexstr(authorSid, sender, SID_SIZE) == -1)
      return WHYF("invalid sender: %s", sender);
    authorSidHex = sender;
  }
  /* Bind an ID to the manifest, and also bind the file.  Then finalise the manifest.
     But if the manifest already contains an ID, don't override it. */
  if (rhizome_manifest_get(m, "id", NULL, 0) == NULL) {
    if (rhizome_manifest_bind_id(m, authorSidHex[0] ? authorSid : NULL)) {
      rhizome_manifest_free(m);
      m = NULL;
      return WHY("Could not bind manifest to an ID");
    }
  } else if (bskhex[0]) {
    /* Modifying an existing bundle.  If the caller provides the bundle secret key, then ensure that
       it corresponds to the bundle's public key (its bundle ID), otherwise the caller cannot modify
       the bundle. */
    memcpy(m->cryptoSignSecret, bsk, RHIZOME_BUNDLE_KEY_BYTES);
    if (rhizome_verify_bundle_privatekey(m) == -1) {
      rhizome_manifest_free(m);
      m = NULL;
      return WHY("Incorrect BID secret key.");
    }
  } else if (!authorSidHex[0]) {
    /* In order to modify an existing bundle, the author must be known. */
    rhizome_manifest_free(m);
    m = NULL;
    return WHY("Author SID not specified");
  } else if (rhizome_extract_privatekey(m, authorSid) == -1) {
    /* Only the original author can modify an existing bundle. */
    rhizome_manifest_free(m);
    m = NULL;
    return WHY("Could not extract BID secret key. Does the manifest have a BK?");
  }
  int encryptP = 0; // TODO Determine here whether payload is to be encrypted.
  if (rhizome_manifest_bind_file(m, filepath, encryptP)) {
    rhizome_manifest_free(m);
    return WHYF("Could not bind manifest to file '%s'",filepath);
  }
  /* Add the manifest and its associated file to the Rhizome database, generating an "id" in the
   * process */
  rhizome_manifest *mout = NULL;
  if (debug & DEBUG_RHIZOME) DEBUGF("rhizome_add_manifest(author='%s')", authorSidHex);

  int ret=0;
  if (rhizome_manifest_check_duplicate(m,&mout)==2)
    {
      /* duplicate found -- verify it so that we can write it out later */
      rhizome_manifest_verify(mout);
      ret=2;
    } else {
    /* not duplicate, so finalise and add to database */
    if (rhizome_manifest_finalise(m)) {
      rhizome_manifest_free(m);
      return WHY("Could not finalise manifest");
    }
    if (rhizome_add_manifest(m,255 /* TTL */)) {
      rhizome_manifest_free(m);
      return WHY("Manifest not added to Rhizome database");
    }
  }

  /* If successfully added, overwrite the manifest file so that the Java component that is
     invoking this command can read it to obtain feedback on the result. */
  rhizome_manifest *mwritten=mout?mout:m;
  if (manifestpath[0] 
      && rhizome_write_manifest_file(mwritten, manifestpath) == -1)
    ret = WHY("Could not overwrite manifest file.");
  service = rhizome_manifest_get(mwritten, "service", NULL, 0);
  if (service) {
    cli_puts("service"); cli_delim(":");    cli_puts(service); cli_delim("\n");
  }
  {
    char bid[RHIZOME_MANIFEST_ID_STRLEN + 1];
    rhizome_bytes_to_hex_upper(mwritten->cryptoSignPublic, bid, RHIZOME_MANIFEST_ID_BYTES);
    cli_puts("manifestid"); cli_delim(":");   cli_puts(bid); cli_delim("\n");
  }
  {
    char secret[RHIZOME_BUNDLE_KEY_STRLEN + 1];
    rhizome_bytes_to_hex_upper(mwritten->cryptoSignSecret, secret, RHIZOME_BUNDLE_KEY_BYTES);
    cli_puts("secret"); cli_delim(":");       cli_puts(secret); cli_delim("\n");
  }
  cli_puts("filehash"); cli_delim(":");	    cli_puts(mwritten->fileHexHash); cli_delim("\n");
  cli_puts("filesize"); cli_delim(":");	    cli_printf("%lld", mwritten->fileLength); cli_delim("\n");
  const char *name = rhizome_manifest_get(mwritten, "name", NULL, 0);
  if (name) {
    cli_puts("name"); cli_delim(":");	    cli_puts(name); cli_delim("\n");
  }
  rhizome_manifest_free(m);
  if (mout != m)
    rhizome_manifest_free(mout);
  return ret;
}

int app_rhizome_import_bundle(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *filepath, *manifestpath;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "filepath", &filepath, NULL, "");
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "manifestpath", &manifestpath, NULL, "");
  if (rhizome_opendb() == -1)
    return -1;
  rhizome_manifest *m = rhizome_new_manifest();
  if (!m)
    return WHY("Out of manifests.");
  int status = -1;
  if (rhizome_read_manifest_file(m, manifestpath, 0) == -1) {
    status = WHY("could not read manifest file");
  } else if (rhizome_manifest_verify(m) == -1) {
    status = WHY("Could not verify manifest file.");
  } else {
    /* Add the manifest and its associated file to the Rhizome database. */
    m->dataFileName = strdup(filepath);
    if (rhizome_manifest_check_file(m))
      status = WHY("file does not belong to manifest");
    else {
      int ret = rhizome_manifest_check_duplicate(m, NULL);
      if (ret == -1)
	status = WHY("rhizome_manifest_check_duplicate() failed");
      else if (ret) {
	INFO("Duplicate found in store");
	status = 1;
      } else if (rhizome_add_manifest(m, 1) == -1) { // ttl = 1
	status = WHY("rhizome_add_manifest() failed");
      } else {
	status = 0;
      }
      if (status != -1) {
	const char *service = rhizome_manifest_get(m, "service", NULL, 0);
	if (service) {
	  cli_puts("service");
	  cli_delim(":");
	  cli_puts(service);
	  cli_delim("\n");
	}
	{
	  cli_puts("manifestid");
	  cli_delim(":");
	  cli_puts(alloca_tohex(m->cryptoSignPublic, RHIZOME_MANIFEST_ID_BYTES));
	  cli_delim("\n");
	}
	cli_puts("filehash");
	cli_delim(":");
	cli_puts(m->fileHexHash);
	cli_delim("\n");
	cli_puts("filesize");
	cli_delim(":");
	cli_printf("%lld", m->fileLength);
	cli_delim("\n");
	const char *name = rhizome_manifest_get(m, "name", NULL, 0);
	if (name) {
	  cli_puts("name");
	  cli_delim(":");
	  cli_puts(name);
	  cli_delim("\n");
	}
      }
    }
  }
  rhizome_manifest_free(m);
  return status;
}

int cli_manifestid(const char *arg)
{
  return rhizome_str_is_manifest_id(arg);
}

int app_rhizome_extract_manifest(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *manifestid, *manifestpath;
  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "manifestid", &manifestid, cli_manifestid, NULL)
   || cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "manifestpath", &manifestpath, NULL, NULL) == -1)
    return -1;
  /* Ensure the Rhizome database exists and is open */
  if (create_serval_instance_dir() == -1)
    return -1;
  if (rhizome_opendb() == -1)
    return -1;
  /* Extract the manifest from the database */
  rhizome_manifest *m = NULL;
  int ret = rhizome_retrieve_manifest(manifestid, &m);
  switch (ret) {
    case 0: ret = 1; break;
    case 1: ret = 0;
      if (manifestpath) {
	/* If the manifest has been read in from database, the blob is there,
	   and we can lie and say we are finalised and just want to write it
	   out.  XXX really should have a dirty/clean flag, so that write
	   works is clean but not finalised. */
	m->finalised=1;
	if (rhizome_write_manifest_file(m, manifestpath) == -1)
	  ret = -1;
      }
      break;
    case -1: break;
    default: ret = WHYF("Unsupported return value %d", ret); break;
  }
  if (m)
    rhizome_manifest_free(m);
  return ret;
}

int cli_fileid(const char *arg)
{
  return rhizome_str_is_file_hash(arg);
}

int cli_optional_bundle_crypt_key(const char *arg)
{
  return !arg[0] || rhizome_str_is_bundle_crypt_key(arg);
}

int app_rhizome_extract_file(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *fileid, *filepath, *keyhex;
  if (cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "fileid", &fileid, cli_fileid, NULL)
   || cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "filepath", &filepath, NULL, "") == -1)
    return -1;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "key", &keyhex, cli_optional_bundle_crypt_key, "");
  unsigned char key[RHIZOME_CRYPT_KEY_STRLEN + 1];
  if (keyhex[0] && fromhexstr(key, keyhex, RHIZOME_CRYPT_KEY_BYTES) == -1)
    return -1;
  /* Ensure the Rhizome database exists and is open */
  if (create_serval_instance_dir() == -1)
    return -1;
  if (rhizome_opendb() == -1)
    return -1;
  /* Extract the file from the database.
     We don't provide a decryption key here, because we don't know it.
     (We probably should allow the user to provide one).
  */
  int ret = rhizome_retrieve_file(fileid, filepath, keyhex[0] ? key : NULL);
  switch (ret) {
    case 0: ret = 1; break;
    case 1: ret = 0; break;
    case -1: break;
    default: ret = WHYF("Unsupported return value %d", ret); break;
  }
  return ret;
}

int cli_uint(const char *arg)
{
  register const char *s = arg;
  while (isdigit(*s++))
    ;
  return s != arg && *s == '\0';
}

int app_rhizome_list(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *pin, *service, *sender_sid, *recipient_sid, *offset, *limit;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "pin,pin...", &pin, NULL, "");
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "service", &service, NULL, "");
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "sender_sid", &sender_sid, cli_optional_sid, "");
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "recipient_sid", &recipient_sid, cli_optional_sid, "");
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "offset", &offset, cli_uint, "0");
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "limit", &limit, cli_uint, "0");
  /* Create the instance directory if it does not yet exist */
  if (create_serval_instance_dir() == -1)
    return -1;
  if (!(keyring = keyring_open_with_pins(pin)))
    return -1;
  if (rhizome_opendb() == -1)
    return -1;
  return rhizome_list_manifests(service, sender_sid, recipient_sid, atoi(offset), atoi(limit));
}

int app_keyring_create(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *pin;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "pin,pin...", &pin, NULL, "");
  if (!keyring_open_with_pins(pin))
    return -1;
  return 0;
}

int app_keyring_list(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *pin;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "pin,pin...", &pin, NULL, "");
  keyring_file *k = keyring_open_with_pins(pin);
  if (!k)
    return -1;

  int cn=0;
  int in=0;

  for(cn=0;cn<k->context_count;cn++)
    for(in=0;in<k->contexts[cn]->identity_count;in++)
      {
	int kpn;
	keypair *kp;
	unsigned char *sid=NULL,*did=NULL,*name=NULL;
	for(kpn=0;kpn<k->contexts[cn]->identities[in]->keypair_count;kpn++)
	  {
	    kp=k->contexts[cn]->identities[in]->keypairs[kpn];
	    if (kp->type==KEYTYPE_CRYPTOBOX) sid=kp->public_key;
	    if (kp->type==KEYTYPE_DID) { did=kp->private_key; name=kp->public_key; }
	  }
	if (sid||did) {	 
	    if (sid) cli_printf("%s",overlay_render_sid(sid));
	    cli_delim(":");
	    if (did) cli_puts((char*)did);
	    cli_delim(":");
	    if (name) cli_puts((char*)name);
	    cli_delim("\n");
	}
      }
  return 0;
 }

int app_keyring_add(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *pin;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "pin", &pin, NULL, "");
  keyring_file *k = keyring_open_with_pins("");
  if (!k)
    return -1;
  if (keyring_create_identity(k,k->contexts[0],(char *)pin)==NULL)
    return WHY("Could not create new identity (keyring_create_identity() failed)");
  if (keyring_commit(k))
    return WHY("Could not write new identity (keyring_commit() failed)");
  keyring_free(k);
  return 0;
}

int app_keyring_set_did(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *sid, *did, *pin, *name;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "sid", &sid, NULL, "");
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "did", &did, NULL, "");
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "name", &name, NULL, "");
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "pin", &pin, NULL, "");

  if (strlen(did)>31) return WHY("DID too long (31 digits max)");
  if (strlen(name)>63) return WHY("Name too long (31 char max)");

  if (!(keyring = keyring_open_with_pins(pin)))
    return -1;

  unsigned char packedSid[SID_SIZE];
  stowSid(packedSid,0,(char *)sid);

  int cn=0,in=0,kp=0;
  int r=keyring_find_sid(keyring,&cn,&in,&kp,packedSid);
  if (!r) return WHY("No matching SID");
  if (keyring_set_did(keyring->contexts[cn]->identities[in],
		      (char *)did,(char *)name))
    return WHY("Could not set DID");
  if (keyring_commit(keyring))
    return WHY("Could not write updated keyring record");

  return 0;
}

int app_id_self(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  /* List my own identities */
  overlay_mdp_frame a;
  int result;
  int count=0;

  a.packetTypeAndFlags=MDP_GETADDRS;
  if (!strcasecmp(argv[1],"self"))
    a.addrlist.selfP=1; /* get own identities, not those of peers */
  else
    a.addrlist.selfP=0; /* get peer list */
  a.addrlist.first_sid=-1;
  a.addrlist.last_sid=0x7fffffff;
  a.addrlist.frame_sid_count=MDP_MAX_SID_REQUEST;

  while(a.addrlist.frame_sid_count==MDP_MAX_SID_REQUEST) {
    result=overlay_mdp_send(&a,MDP_AWAITREPLY,5000);
    if (result) {
      if (a.packetTypeAndFlags==MDP_ERROR)
	{
	  WHYF("  MDP Server error #%d: '%s'",
	       a.error.error,a.error.message);
	}
      else
	WHYF("Could not get list of local MDP addresses");
      return WHY("Failed to get local address list");
    }
    if ((a.packetTypeAndFlags&MDP_TYPE_MASK)!=MDP_ADDRLIST)
      return WHY("MDP Server returned something other than an address list");
    int i;
    for(i=0;i<a.addrlist.frame_sid_count;i++) {
      count++;
      cli_printf("%s",overlay_render_sid(a.addrlist.sids[i])); cli_delim("\n");
    }
    /* get ready to ask for next block of SIDs */
    a.packetTypeAndFlags=MDP_GETADDRS;
    a.addrlist.first_sid=a.addrlist.last_sid+1;
  }
  return 0;
}

int app_test_rfs(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  unsigned char bytes[8];
  int i;
  
  fprintf(stderr,"Testing that RFS coder works properly.\n");
  for(i=0;i<65536;i++)
    {
      rfs_encode(i,&bytes[0]);
      int zero=0;
      int r=rfs_decode(&bytes[0],&zero);
      if (i!=r) {
	fprintf(stderr,"RFS encoding of %d decodes to %d: ",i,r);
	int j;
	for(j=0;j<zero;j++) fprintf(stderr," %02x",bytes[j]);
	fprintf(stderr,"\n");
      }
    }
  return 0;
}

int app_crypt_test(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  unsigned char nonce[crypto_box_curve25519xsalsa20poly1305_NONCEBYTES];
  unsigned char k[crypto_box_curve25519xsalsa20poly1305_BEFORENMBYTES];

  unsigned char plain_block[65536];

  urandombytes(nonce,sizeof(nonce));
  urandombytes(k,sizeof(k));

  int len,i;

  overlay_gettime_ms();

  for(len=16;len<=65536;len*=2) {
    unsigned long long start=overlay_gettime_ms();
    for (i=0;i<1000;i++) {
      bzero(&plain_block[0],crypto_box_curve25519xsalsa20poly1305_ZEROBYTES);
      crypto_box_curve25519xsalsa20poly1305_afternm
	(plain_block,plain_block,len,nonce,k);
    }
    unsigned long long end=overlay_gettime_ms();
    printf("%d bytes - 100 tests took %lldms - mean time = %.2fms\n",
	   len,end-start,(end-start)*1.0/i);
  }
  return 0;
}

int app_node_info(int argc, const char *const *argv, struct command_line_option *o)
{
  const char *sid;
  cli_arg(argc, argv, o, "sid", &sid, NULL, "");

  overlay_mdp_frame mdp;
  bzero(&mdp,sizeof(mdp));
  int resolveDid=0;

  mdp.packetTypeAndFlags=MDP_NODEINFO;
  if (argc>3) resolveDid=1;
  mdp.nodeinfo.resolve_did=1; // Request resolution of DID and Name by local server if it can.

  /* get SID or SID prefix 
     XXX - Doesn't correctly handle odd-lengthed SID prefixes (ignores last digit).
     The matching code in overlay_route.c also has a similar problem with the last
     digit of an odd-length prefix being ignored. */
  int i;
  mdp.nodeinfo.sid_prefix_length=0;
  for(i = 0; (i != SID_SIZE)&&sid[i<<1]&&sid[(i<<1)+1]; i++) {
    mdp.nodeinfo.sid[mdp.nodeinfo.sid_prefix_length] = hexvalue(sid[i<<1]) << 4;
    mdp.nodeinfo.sid[mdp.nodeinfo.sid_prefix_length++] |= hexvalue(sid[(i<<1)+1]);
  }
  mdp.nodeinfo.sid_prefix_length*=2;

  int result=overlay_mdp_send(&mdp,MDP_AWAITREPLY,5000);
  if (result) {
    if (mdp.packetTypeAndFlags==MDP_ERROR)
      {
	overlay_mdp_client_done();
	return WHYF("  MDP Server error #%d: '%s'",mdp.error.error,mdp.error.message);
      }
    else {
      overlay_mdp_client_done();
      return WHYF("Could not get information about node.");
    }
  }

  if (resolveDid&&(!mdp.nodeinfo.resolve_did)) {
    /* Asked for DID resolution, but did not get it, so do a DNA lookup
       here.  We do this on the client side, so that we don't block the 
       single-threaded server. */
    overlay_mdp_frame m2;
    bzero(&m2,sizeof(m2));
    int port=32768+(random()&0xffff);
    unsigned char srcsid[SID_SIZE];
    if (overlay_mdp_getmyaddr(0,srcsid)) port=0;
    if (overlay_mdp_bind(srcsid,port)) port=0;

    if (port) {    
      int i;
      for(i=0;i<(3000/125);i++) {
	m2.packetTypeAndFlags=MDP_TX;
	m2.out.src.port=port;
	bcopy(&srcsid[0],&m2.out.src.sid[0],SID_SIZE);
	bcopy(&mdp.nodeinfo.sid[0],&m2.out.dst.sid[0],SID_SIZE);
	m2.out.dst.port=MDP_PORT_DNALOOKUP;
	/* search for any DID */
	m2.out.payload[0]=0;
	m2.out.payload_length=1;

	if (overlay_mdp_send(&m2,MDP_AWAITREPLY,125)){
	  if (0) {
	    WHY("Poll for DNA number resolution failed");
	    if (m2.packetTypeAndFlags==MDP_ERROR) 
	      WHYF("error.error=%d, error.message=%s",m2.error.error,m2.error.message);
	  }
	  
	  continue;
	}
	
	if (m2.packetTypeAndFlags!=MDP_TX) {
	  WHYF("MDP returned an unexpected message (type=0x%x)",
	       m2.packetTypeAndFlags);
	  
	  if (m2.packetTypeAndFlags==MDP_ERROR) 
	    WHYF("MDP message is return/error: %d:%s",
		 m2.error.error,m2.error.message);
	  continue;
	}
	
	// we might receive a response from an ealier request
	// TODO, don't send another query just yet, we should try to receieve another response first
	if (memcmp(&m2.in.src.sid[0],&mdp.nodeinfo.sid[0],SID_SIZE)){
	  WHYF("Unexpected result from SID %s", overlay_render_sid(m2.in.src.sid));
	  continue;
	}
	
	{	    	  
	  char did[512];
	  char name[512];
	  char uri[512];
	  if (!parseDnaReply(m2.in.payload,m2.in.payload_length,
			     did,name,uri))
	    {
	      /* Got a good DNA reply, copy it into place */
	      bcopy(did,mdp.nodeinfo.did,32);
	      bcopy(name,mdp.nodeinfo.name,64);
	      mdp.nodeinfo.resolve_did=1;
	      break;
	    }
	}
      }
    }
  }

  cli_printf("record"); cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%d",mdp.nodeinfo.index); cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%d",mdp.nodeinfo.count); cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%s",mdp.nodeinfo.foundP?"found":"noresult"); cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%s",overlay_render_sid(mdp.nodeinfo.sid)); cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%s",mdp.nodeinfo.resolve_did?mdp.nodeinfo.did:"did-not-resolved"); 
  cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%s",mdp.nodeinfo.localP?"self":"peer"); cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%s",mdp.nodeinfo.neighbourP?"direct":"indirect"); 
  cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%d",mdp.nodeinfo.score); cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%d",mdp.nodeinfo.interface_number); cli_delim(":");
  cli_printf("%s",mdp.nodeinfo.resolve_did?mdp.nodeinfo.name:"name-not-resolved");
  cli_delim("\n");

  return 0;
}

/* NULL marks ends of command structure.
   "<anystring>" marks an arg that can take any value.
   "[<anystring>]" marks an optional arg that can take any value.
   All args following the first optional arg are optional, whether marked or not.
   Only exactly matching prototypes will be used.
   Together with the description, this makes it easy for us to auto-generate the
   list of valid command line formats for display to the user if they try an
   invalid one.  It also means we can do away with getopt() etc.

   The CLIFLAG_STANDALONE means that they cannot be used with a running servald
   instance, but act as an instance.  In other words, don't call these from the
   serval frontend, e.g, Java application on Android.  There are various reasons,
   such as some will try to fork() and exec() (bad for a Java thread to do), while
   others manipulate files that the running instance may be using.

   Keep this list alphabetically sorted for user convenience.
*/
command_line_option command_line_options[]={
  {app_dna_lookup,{"dna","lookup","<did>",NULL},0,
   "Lookup the SIP/MDP address of the supplied telephone number (DID)."},
  {cli_usage,{"help",NULL},0,
   "Display command usage."},
  {app_echo,{"echo","...",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Output the supplied string."},
  {app_server_start,{"start",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Start Serval Mesh node process with instance path taken from SERVALINSTANCE_PATH environment variable."},
  {app_server_start,{"start","in","<instance path>",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Start Serval Mesh node process with given instance path."},
  {app_server_start,{"start","exec","<exec path>",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Start Serval Mesh node process with instance path taken from SERVALINSTANCE_PATH environment variable."},
  {app_server_start,{"start","exec","<exec path>","in","<instance path>",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Start Serval Mesh node process with given instance path."},
  {app_server_start,{"start","foreground",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Start Serval Mesh node process without detatching from foreground."},
  {app_server_start,{"start","foreground","in","<instance path>",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Start Serval Mesh node process with given instance path, without detatching from foreground."},
  {app_server_stop,{"stop",NULL},0,
   "Stop a running Serval Mesh node process with instance path taken from SERVALINSTANCE_PATH environment variable."},
  {app_server_stop,{"stop","in","<instance path>",NULL},0,
   "Stop a running Serval Mesh node process with given instance path."},
  {app_server_status,{"status",NULL},0,
   "Display information about any running Serval Mesh node."},
  {app_mdp_ping,{"mdp","ping","<SID|broadcast>",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Attempts to ping specified node via Mesh Datagram Protocol (MDP)."},
  {app_config_set,{"config","set","<variable>","<value>",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Set specified configuration variable."},
  {app_config_del,{"config","del","<variable>",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Set specified configuration variable."},
  {app_config_get,{"config","get","[<variable>]",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Get specified configuration variable."},
  {app_rhizome_hash_file,{"rhizome","hash","file","<filepath>",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Compute the Rhizome hash of a file"},
  {app_rhizome_add_file,{"rhizome","add","file","<author_sid>","<pin>","<filepath>","[<manifestpath>]","[<bsk>]",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Add a file to Rhizome and optionally write its manifest to the given path"},
  {app_rhizome_import_bundle,{"rhizome","import","bundle","<filepath>","<manifestpath>",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Import a payload/manifest pair into Rhizome"},
  {app_rhizome_list,{"rhizome","list","<pin,pin...>","[<service>]","[<sender_sid>]","[<recipient_sid>]","[<offset>]","[<limit>]",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "List all manifests and files in Rhizome"},
  {app_rhizome_extract_manifest,{"rhizome","extract","manifest","<manifestid>","[<manifestpath>]",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Extract a manifest from Rhizome and write it to the given path"},
  {app_rhizome_extract_file,{"rhizome","extract","file","<fileid>","[<filepath>]","[<key>]",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Extract a file from Rhizome and write it to the given path"},
  {app_keyring_create,{"keyring","create",NULL},0,
   "Create a new keyring file."},
  {app_keyring_list,{"keyring","list","[<pin,pin...>]",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "List identites in specified key ring that can be accessed using the specified PINs"},
  {app_keyring_add,{"keyring","add","[<pin>]",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Create a new identity in the keyring protected by the provided PIN"},
  {app_keyring_set_did,{"set","did","<sid>","<did>","<name>","[<pin>]",NULL},CLIFLAG_STANDALONE,
   "Set the DID for the specified SID.  Optionally supply PIN to unlock the SID record in the keyring."},
  {app_vomp_status,{"vomp","status",NULL},0,
   "Display status of any VoMP calls"},
  {app_vomp_monitor,{"vomp","monitor",NULL},0,
   "Monitor state and audio-flow of VoMP calls"},
  {app_vomp_pickup,{"vomp","pickup","<call>",NULL},0,
   "Accept specified call (use vomp status to get list of calls)"},
  {app_vomp_hangup,{"vomp","hangup","<call>",NULL},0,
   "End specified call (use vomp status to get list of calls)"},
  {app_vomp_dtmf,{"vomp","dtmf","<call>","<digits>",NULL},0,
   "Send DTMF digits over specified call"},
  {app_vomp_dial,{"vomp","dial","<sid>","<did>","[<callerid>]",NULL},0,
   "Attempt to dial the specified sid and did."},
  {app_id_self,{"id","self",NULL},0,
   "Return my own identity(s) as SIDs"},
  {app_id_self,{"id","peers",NULL},0,
   "Return identity of known peers as SIDs"},
  {app_node_info,{"node","info","<sid>","[getdid]",NULL},0,
   "Return information about SID, and optionally ask for DID resolution via network"},
  {app_test_rfs,{"test","rfs",NULL},0,
   "Test RFS field calculation"},
  {app_monitor_cli,{"monitor","[<sid>]",NULL},0,
   "Interactive servald monitor interface.  Specify SID to auto-dial that peer and insert dummy audio data"},
  {app_crypt_test,{"crypt","test",NULL},0,
   "Run cryptography speed test"},
#ifdef HAVE_VOIPTEST
  {app_pa_phone,{"phone",NULL},0,
   "Run phone test application"},
#endif
  {NULL,{NULL}}
};