Commit Graph

11 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Lech Perczak
8c78a13bfc ath79: support ZTE MF286
ZTE MF286 is an indoor LTE category 6 CPE router with simultaneous
dual-band 802.11ac plus 802.11n Wi-Fi radios and quad-port gigabit
Ethernet switch, FXS and external USB 2.0 port.

Hardware highlights:
- CPU: QCA9563 SoC at 775MHz,
- RAM: 128MB DDR2,
- NOR Flash: MX25L1606E 2MB SPI Flash, for U-boot only,
- NAND Flash: GD5F1G04UBYIG 128MB SPI NAND-Flash, for all other data,
- Wi-Fi 5GHz: QCA9882 2x2 MIMO 802.11ac radio,
- WI-Fi 2.4GHz: QCA9563 3x3 MIMO 802.11n radio,
- Switch: QCA8337v2 4-port gigabit Ethernet, with single SGMII CPU port,
- WWAN: MDM9230-based category 6 internal LTE modem in extended
  mini-PCIE form factor, with 3 internal antennas and 2 external antenna
  connections, single mini-SIM slot. Modem model identified as MF270,
- FXS: one external ATA port (handled entirely by modem part) with two
  physical connections in parallel,
- USB: Single external USB 2.0 port,
- Switches: power switch, WPS, Wi-Fi and reset buttons,
- LEDs: Wi-Fi, Test (internal). Rest of LEDs (Phone, WWAN, Battery,
  Signal state) handled entirely by modem. 4 link status LEDs handled by
  the switch on the backside.
- Battery: 3Ah 1-cell Li-Ion replaceable battery, with charging and
  monitoring handled by modem.
- Label MAC device: eth0

Console connection: connector X2 is the console port, with the following
pinout, starting from pin 1, which is the topmost pin when the board is
upright:
- VCC (3.3V). Do not use unless you need to source power for the
  converer from it.
- TX
- RX
- GND
Default port configuration in U-boot as well as in stock firmware is
115200-8-N-1.

Installation:
Due to different flash layout from stock firmware, sysupgrade from
within stock firmware is impossible, despite it's based on QSDK which
itself is based on OpenWrt.

STEP 0: Stock firmware update:
As installing OpenWrt cuts you off from official firmware updates for
the modem part, it is recommended to update the stock firmware to latest
version before installation, to have built-in modem at the latest firmware
version.

STEP 1: gaining root shell:

Method 1:
This works if busybox has telnetd compiled in the binary.
If this does not work, try method 2.

Using well-known exploit to start telnetd on your router - works
only if Busybox on stock firmware has telnetd included:
- Open stock firmware web interface
- Navigate to "URL filtering" section by going to "Advanced settings",
  then "Firewall" and finally "URL filter".
- Add an entry ending with "&&telnetd&&", for example
  "http://hostname/&&telnetd&&".
- telnetd will immediately listen on port 4719.
- After connecting to telnetd use "admin/admin" as credentials.

Method 2:
This works if busybox does not have telnetd compiled in. Notably, this
is the case in DNA.fi firmware.
If this does not work, try method 3.

- Set IP of your computer to 192.168.1.22.
- Have a TFTP server running at that address
- Download MIPS build of busybox including telnetd, for example from:
  https://busybox.net/downloads/binaries/1.21.1/busybox-mips
  and put it in it's root directory. Rename it as "telnetd".
- As previously, login to router's web UI and navigate to "URL
  filtering"
- Using "Inspect" feature, extend "maxlength" property of the input
  field named "addURLFilter", so it looks like this:
  <input type="text" name="addURLFilter" id="addURLFilter" maxlength="332"
    class="required form-control">
- Stay on the page - do not navigate anywhere
- Enter "http://aa&zte_debug.sh 192.168.1.22 telnetd" as a filter.
- Save the settings. This will download the telnetd binary over tftp and
  execute it. You should be able to log in at port 23, using
  "admin/admin" as credentials.

Method 3:
If the above doesn't work, use the serial console - it exposes root shell
directly without need for login. Some stock firmwares, notably one from
finnish DNA operator lack telnetd in their builds.

STEP 2: Backing up original software:
As the stock firmware may be customized by the carrier and is not
officially available in the Internet, IT IS IMPERATIVE to back up the
stock firmware, if you ever plan to returning to stock firmware.

Method 1: after booting OpenWrt initramfs image via TFTP:
PLEASE NOTE: YOU CANNOT DO THIS IF USING INTERMEDIATE FIRMWARE FOR INSTALLATION.
- Dump stock firmware located on stock kernel and ubi partitions:

  ssh root@192.168.1.1: cat /dev/mtd4 > mtd4_kernel.bin
  ssh root@192.168.1.1: cat /dev/mtd8 > mtd8_ubi.bin

And keep them in a safe place, should a restore be needed in future.

Method 2: using stock firmware:
- Connect an external USB drive formatted with FAT or ext4 to the USB
  port.
- The drive will be auto-mounted to /var/usb_disk
- Check the flash layout of the device:

  cat /proc/mtd

  It should show the following:
  mtd0: 00080000 00010000 "uboot"
  mtd1: 00020000 00010000 "uboot-env"
  mtd2: 00140000 00020000 "fota-flag"
  mtd3: 00140000 00020000 "caldata"
  mtd4: 00140000 00020000 "mac"
  mtd5: 00600000 00020000 "cfg-param"
  mtd6: 00140000 00020000 "oops"
  mtd7: 00800000 00020000 "web"
  mtd8: 00300000 00020000 "kernel"
  mtd9: 01f00000 00020000 "rootfs"
  mtd10: 01900000 00020000 "data"
  mtd11: 03200000 00020000 "fota"

  Differences might indicate that this is NOT a vanilla MF286 device but
  one of its later derivatives.
- Copy over all MTD partitions, for example by executing the following:

  for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11; do cat /dev/mtd$i > \
  /var/usb_disk/mtd$i; done

- If the count of MTD partitions is different, this might indicate that
  this is not a standard MF286 device, but one of its later derivatives.
- (optionally) rename the files according to MTD partition names from
  /proc/mtd
- Unmount the filesystem:

  umount /var/usb_disk; sync

  and then remove the drive.
- Store the files in safe place if you ever plan to return to stock
  firmware. This is especially important, because stock firmware for
  this device is not available officially, and is usually customized by
  the mobile providers.

STEP 3: Booting initramfs image:

Method 1: using serial console (RECOMMENDED):
- Have TFTP server running, exposing the OpenWrt initramfs image, and
  set your computer's IP address as 192.168.1.22. This is the default
  expected by U-boot. You may wish to change that, and alter later
  commands accordingly.
- Connect the serial console if you haven't done so already,
- Interrupt boot sequence by pressing any key in U-boot when prompted
- Use the following commands to boot OpenWrt initramfs through TFTP:

  setenv serverip 192.168.1.22
  setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.1
  tftpboot 0x81000000 openwrt-ath79-nand-zte_mf286-initramfs-kernel.bin
  bootm 0x81000000

  (Replace server IP and router IP as needed). There is no  emergency
  TFTP boot sequence triggered by buttons, contrary to MF283+.
- When OpenWrt initramfs finishes booting, proceed to actual
  installation.

Method 2: using initramfs image as temporary boot kernel
This exploits the fact, that kernel and rootfs MTD devices are
consecutive on NAND flash, so from within stock image, an initramfs can
be written to this area and booted by U-boot on next reboot, because it
uses "nboot" command which isn't limited by kernel partition size.
- Download the initramfs-kernel.bin image
- Split the image into two parts on 3MB partition size boundary, which
  is the size of kernel partition. Pad the output of second file to
  eraseblock size:

  dd if=openwrt-ath79-nand-zte_mf286-initramfs-kernel.bin \
  bs=128k count=24 \
  of=openwrt-ath79-zte_mf286-intermediate-kernel.bin

  dd if=openwrt-ath79-nand-zte_mf286-initramfs-kernel.bin \
  bs=128k skip=24 conv=sync \
  of=openwrt-ath79-zte_mf286-intermediate-rootfs.bin

- Copy over /usr/bin/flash_eraseall and /usr/bin/nandwrite utilities to
  /tmp. This is CRITICAL for installation, as erasing rootfs will cut
  you off from those tools on flash!

- After backing up the previous MTD contents, write the images to the
  respective MTD devices:

  /tmp/flash_eraseall /dev/<kernel-mtd>

  /tmp/nandwrite /dev/<kernel-mtd> \
  /var/usb_disk/openwrt-ath79-zte_mf286-intermediate-kernel.bin

  /tmp/flash_eraseall /dev/<kernel-mtd>

  /tmp/nandwrite /dev/<rootfs-mtd> \
  /var/usb_disk/openwrt-ath79-zte_mf286-intermediate-rootfs.bin

- Ensure that no bad blocks were present on the devices while writing.
  If they were present, you may need to vary the split  between
  kernel and rootfs parts, so U-boot reads a valid uImage after skipping
  the bad blocks. If it fails, you will be left with method 3 (below).
- If write is OK, reboot the device, it will reboot to OpenWrt
  initramfs:

  reboot -f

- After rebooting, SSH into the device and use sysupgrade to perform
  proper installation.

Method 3: using built-in TFTP recovery (LAST RESORT):
- With that method, ensure you have complete backup of system's NAND
  flash first. It involves deliberately erasing the kernel.
- Download "-initramfs-kernel.bin" image for the device.
- Prepare the recovery image by prepending 8MB of zeroes to the image,
  and name it root_uImage:

  dd if=/dev/zero of=padding.bin bs=8M count=1

  cat padding.bin openwrt-ath79-nand-zte_mf286-initramfs-kernel.bin >
  root_uImage

- Set up a TFTP server at 192.0.0.1/8. Router will use random address
  from that range.
- Put the previously generated "root_uImage" into TFTP server root
  directory.
- Deliberately erase "kernel" partition" using stock firmware after
  taking backup. THIS IS POINT OF NO RETURN.
- Restart the device. U-boot will attempt flashing the recovery
  initramfs image, which will let you perform actual installation using
  sysupgrade. This might take a considerable time, sometimes the router
  doesn't establish Ethernet link properly right after booting. Be
  patient.
- After U-boot finishes flashing, the LEDs of switch ports will all
  light up. At this moment, perform power-on reset, and wait for OpenWrt
  initramfs to finish booting. Then proceed to actual installation.

STEP 4: Actual installation:
- scp the sysupgrade image to the device:

  scp openwrt-ath79-nand-zte_mf286-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin \
  root@192.168.1.1:/tmp/

- ssh into the device and execute sysupgrade:

  sysupgrade -n /tmp/openwrt-ath79-nand-zte_mf286-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin

- Wait for router to reboot to full OpenWrt.

STEP 5: WAN connection establishment
Since the router is equipped with LTE modem as its main WAN interface, it
might be useful to connect to the Internet right away after
installation. To do so, please put the following entries in
/etc/config/network, replacing the specific configuration entries with
one needed for your ISP:

config interface 'wan'
        option proto 'qmi'
        option device '/dev/cdc-wdm0'
        option auth '<auth>' # As required, usually 'none'
        option pincode '<pin>' # If required by SIM
        option apn '<apn>' # As required by ISP
        option pdptype '<pdp>' # Typically 'ipv4', or 'ipv4v6' or 'ipv6'

For example, the following works for most polish ISPs
config interface 'wan'
        option proto 'qmi'
        option device '/dev/cdc-wdm0'
        option auth 'none'
        option apn 'internet'
        option pdptype 'ipv4'

If you have build with LuCI, installing luci-proto-qmi helps with this
task.

Restoring the stock firmware:

Preparation:
If you took your backup using stock firmware, you will need to
reassemble the partitions into images to be restored onto the flash. The
layout might differ from ISP to ISP, this example is based on generic stock
firmware.
The only partitions you really care about are "web", "kernel", and
"rootfs". For easy padding and possibly restoring configuration, you can
concatenate most of them into images written into "ubi" meta-partition
in OpenWrt. To do so, execute something like:

cat mtd5_cfg-param.bin mtd6-oops.bin mtd7-web.bin mtd9-rootfs.bin > \
mtd8-ubi_restore.bin

You can skip the "fota" partition altogether,
it is used only for stock firmware update purposes and can be overwritten
safely anyway. The same is true for "data" partition which on my device
was found to be unused at all. Restoring mtd5_cfg-param.bin will restore
the stock firmware configuration you had before.

Method 1: Using initramfs:
- Boot to initramfs as in step 3:
- Completely detach ubi0 partition using ubidetach /dev/ubi0_0
- Look up the kernel and ubi partitions in /proc/mtd
- Copy over the stock kernel image using scp to /tmp
- Erase kernel and restore stock kernel:
  (scp mtd4_kernel.bin root@192.168.1.1:/tmp/)
  mtd write <kernel_mtd> mtd4_kernel.bin
  rm mtd4_kernel.bin
- Copy over the stock partition backups one-by-one using scp to /tmp, and
  restore them individually. Otherwise you might run out of space in
  tmpfs:

  (scp mtd3_ubiconcat0.bin root@192.168.1.1:/tmp/)

  mtd write <ubiconcat0_mtd> mtd3_ubiconcat0.bin
  rm mtd3_ubiconcat0.bin

  (scp mtd5_ubiconcat1.bin root@192.168.1.1:/tmp/)

  mtd write <ubiconcat1_mtd> mtd5_ubiconcat1.bin
  rm mtd5_ubiconcat1.bin

- If the write was correct, force a device reboot with

  reboot -f

Method 2: Using live OpenWrt system (NOT RECOMMENDED):
- Prepare a USB flash drive contatining MTD backup files
- Ensure you have kmod-usb-storage and filesystem driver installed for
  your drive
- Mount your flash drive

  mkdir /tmp/usb

  mount /dev/sda1 /tmp/usb

- Remount your UBI volume at /overlay to R/O

  mount -o remount,ro /overlay

- Write back the kernel and ubi partitions from USB drive

  cd /tmp/usb
  mtd write mtd4_kernel.bin /dev/<kernel_mtd>

  mtd write mtd8_ubi.bin /dev/<kernel_ubi>

- If everything went well, force a device reboot with
  reboot -f

Last image may be truncated a bit due to lack of space in RAM, but this will happen over "fota"
MTD partition which may be safely erased after reboot anyway.

Method 3: using built-in TFTP recovery (LAST RESORT):
- Assemble a recovery rootfs image from backup of stock partitions by
  concatenating "web", "kernel", "rootfs" images dumped from the device,
  as "root_uImage"
- Use it in place of "root_uImage" recovery initramfs image as in the
  TFTP pre-installation method.

Quirks and known issues
- Kernel partition size is increased to 4MB compared to stock 3MB, to
  accomodate future kernel updates - at this moment OpenWrt 5.10 kernel
  image is at 2.5MB which is dangerously close to the limit. This has no
  effect on booting the system - but keep that in mind when reassembling
  an image to restore stock firmware.
- uqmi seems to be unable to change APN manually, so please use the one
  you used before in stock firmware first. If you need to change it,
  please use protocok '3g' to establish connection once, or use the
  following command to change APN (and optionally IP type) manually:
  echo -ne 'AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","<apn>' > /dev/ttyUSB0
- The only usable LED as a "system LED" is the green debug LED hidden
  inside the case. All other LEDs are controlled by modem, on which the
  router part has some influence only on Wi-Fi LED.
- Wi-Fi LED currently doesn't work while under OpenWrt, despite having
  correct GPIO mapping. All other LEDs are controlled by modem,
  including this one in stock firmware. GPIO19, mapped there only acts
  as a gate, while the actual signal source seems to be 5GHz Wi-Fi
  radio, however it seems it is not the LED exposed by ath10k as
  ath10k-phy0.
- GPIO5 used for modem reset is a suicide switch, causing a hardware
  reset of whole board, not only the modem. It is attached to
  gpio-restart driver, to restart the modem on reboot as well, to ensure
  QMI connectivity after reboot, which tends to fail otherwise.
- Modem, as in MF283+, exposes root shell over ADB - while not needed
  for OpenWrt operation at all - have fun lurking around.
- MAC address shift for 5GHz Wi-Fi used in stock firmware is
  0x320000000000, which is impossible to encode in the device tree, so I
  took the liberty of using MAC address increment of 1 for it, to ensure
  different BSSID for both Wi-Fi interfaces.

Signed-off-by: Lech Perczak <lech.perczak@gmail.com>
2022-02-05 12:14:08 +01:00
Rui Salvaterra
27b5bae2ec treewide: remove redundant ubifs kconfig symbols
For the targets which enable ubifs, these symbols are already part of the
generic kconfigs. Drop them from the target kconfigs.

Signed-off-by: Rui Salvaterra <rsalvaterra@gmail.com>
2021-04-21 10:31:07 +01:00
Aleksander Jan Bajkowski
77575d4c02 kernel: move some disabled symbols to generic
Move some disabled config options found in lantiq target to generic.

Signed-off-by: Aleksander Jan Bajkowski <A.Bajkowski@stud.elka.pw.edu.pl>
2020-12-22 19:11:50 +01:00
Roger Pueyo Centelles
a66eee6336 ath79: add mikrotik subtarget
This commit creates the ath79/mikrotik subtarget in order to support
MikroTik devices based on Qualcomm Atheros MIPS SoCs.

MikroTik devices need a couple of specific features: the split MiNOR
firmware MTD format, which is not used by other devices, and the 4k
sector erase size on SPI NOR storage, which can not be added to the
ath79/generic and ath79/nand subtargets now.

Additionally, the commit moves the two MikroTik devices already in
the generic and nand subtargets to this new one.

Tested on the RB922 board and the wAP AC router.

Signed-off-by: Roger Pueyo Centelles <roger.pueyo@guifi.net>
2020-03-17 11:50:47 +01:00
David Bauer
86fe348949 ath79: add back NAND symbols to NAND target
The NAND config symbols were removed unintentionally while adding
support for Linux 5.4.

Add the respective symbols for v4.19 as well as v5.4.

Signed-off-by: David Bauer <mail@david-bauer.net>
2020-03-12 20:27:36 +01:00
David Bauer
53ab9865c2 ath79: add support for kernel 5.4
Signed-off-by: David Bauer <mail@david-bauer.net>
[refreshed]
Signed-off-by: Koen Vandeputte <koen.vandeputte@ncentric.com>

* Sync the patches with the changes done for kernel 4.19
* Use KERNEL_TESTING_PATCHVER
* Refresh the configuration
* Fix multiple compile bugs in the patches
* Only add own ag71xx files for kernel 4.19 and use upstream version for
  5.4.

Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
2020-02-28 17:50:46 +01:00
Roger Pueyo Centelles
8f93c05a59 ath79: add support for MikroTik RouterBOARD 922UAGS-5HPacD
This patch ports support for the MikroTik RouterBOARD 922UAGS-5HPacD
with a built-in 802.11ac High-Power radio (31dBm), which was already
available in the ar71xx target.

See https://mikrotik.com/product/RB922UAGS-5HPacD for more info.

Specifications:
- SoC: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9558 (720 MHz)
- RAM: 128 MB
- Storage: 128 MB NAND
- Wireless: external QCA9882 802.11a/ac 2x2:2
- Ethernet: 1x 1000/100/10 Mbps, integrated, via AR8031 PHY, passive PoE-in 24V
- SFP: 1x host
- USB: 1x 2.0 type A
- PCIe: 1x Mini slot (also contains USB 2.0 for 3G/LTE modems)
- SIM slot: 1x mini-SIM

Working:
- Board/system detection
- SPI and NAND storage
- PCIe
- USB type A host
- Wireless
- Ethernet
- LEDs (user, phy0)
- Reset button
- Sysupgrade to/from ar71xx

Not supported:
- RSSI LEDs
- SFP cage

Installation methods:
- Sysupgrade from ar71xx (it is advisable to use the -n option to
wipe any previous settings), or
- Boot the initramfs image via TFTP and then flash the sysupgrade
image using "sysupgrade -n"

Signed-off-by: Roger Pueyo Centelles <roger.pueyo@guifi.net>
2020-02-26 14:46:46 +01:00
Jeff Kletsky
20b3e77ba3 ath79: prepare NAND subtarget for upstream support of SPI NAND
Linux 4.19 supplies the upstream spi-nand framework,
permitting porting and support of boards with SPI NAND.

  * Adjusted nand/target.mk to provide FEATURES += squashfs nand

  * Updated config-default to provide current MTD and UBI support

Defaults selected for:

  CONFIG_MTD_UBI_WL_THRESHOLD=4096
  CONFIG_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT=20
  # CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP is not set
  # CONFIG_MTD_UBI_GLUEBI is not set

The bad-block reservation limit technically should be 21 for Paragon
SPI NAND but most other devices in the class are 20 blocks per Gbit.
In Linux 5.2 this is specified on a per-chip basis through NAND_MEMORG

Contents adjusted to remove declarations provided at the target level
by commit 08a134820f (Oct 23, 2019) ath79: enable PCI for whole target

Signed-off-by: Jeff Kletsky <git-commits@allycomm.com>
Tested-by: Michal Cieslakiewicz <michal.cieslakiewicz@wp.pl>
2019-11-14 14:38:58 +08:00
David Bauer
62db255543 ath79: add support for Aerohive HiveAP 121
This commit adds support for the Aerohive HiveAP-121. It was previously
already supported in the ar71xx subtarget.

The following is copied from the commit which added ar71xx support:

Specification:
- SoC: Atheros AR9344-BC2A at 560MHz
- WiFi 1: 2.4GHz Atheros AR9340? - SoC
- WiFi 2: 5.0GHz Atheros AR9382-AL1A
- Memory: 128MB from 2x Nanya NT5TU32M16DG-AC
- SPI: 1MB Macronix MX25L8006E
- NAND: 128MB Hynix H27U1G8F2BTR-BC
- Ethernet: Atheros AR8035-A
- USB: 1x 2.0
- TPM: Atmel SC3204

Flashing:
1. Hook into UART (9600 baud) and enter U-Boot. You may need to enter
a password of administrator or AhNf?d@ta06 if prompted.
2. Once in U-Boot, download and flash LEDE factory image over tftp:

dhcp;
setenv serverip tftp-server-ip;
tftpboot 0x81000000 lede-ar71xx-nand-hiveap-121-squashfs-factory.bin;
nand erase 0x800000 0x800000;
nand write 0x81000000 0x800000 0x800000;
reset;

Signed-off-by: David Bauer <mail@david-bauer.net>
2019-10-27 18:03:56 +01:00
Michal Cieslakiewicz
758a4d1766 ath79: add AR934x NAND Flash Controller driver
This patch contains updated driver for Atheros NAND Flash Controller
written originally by Gabor Juhos for ar71xx (aka 'ar934x-nfc').
ath79 version has adapted to work with kernel 4.19 and Device Tree.
It has also been renamed to 'ar934x-nand' to avoid confusion with
Near-Field Communication technology.
Controller is present on Atheros AR934x SoCs and required for accessing
internal flash storage on routers like Netgear WNDR4300.
This port preserves all NAND programming code while moving platform
configuration to Device Tree and replacing some kernel functions marked
for retirement by 4.19.
Suitable definition is included in 'ar934x.dtsi' ('nand@1b000200' section).

Most important changes to ar71xx version are:
* old kernel sections of code removed
* 'bool swap_dma' provided by platform data is now set by boolean DT
  property 'qca,nand-swap-dma'
* board-supplied (mach-*.c code) platform data removed - its elements
  become either unused, redundant or replaced by DT methods (like reset)
* IRQ is reserved by devm_request_irq() so free_irq() is not needed anymore
* calls to deprecated nand_scan_ident() + nand_scan_tail() function pair
  replaced by using recommended nand_scan() with attach_chip() callback
* ECC is set to hardware by default, can be overriden by standard DT
  'nand-ecc-*' properties (software Hamming or BCH are other options)

This driver has been successfully tested on Netgear WNDR4300 running
experimental ath79 OpenWrt master branch.

Signed-off-by: Michal Cieslakiewicz <michal.cieslakiewicz@wp.pl>
[add reset control]
Signed-off-by: David Bauer <mail@david-bauer.net>
2019-10-20 15:32:53 +02:00
Marty E. Plummer
0e81968ee8 ath79: add initial nand support for gl-ar300m
Signed-off-by: Marty E. Plummer <hanetzer@startmail.com>
2018-06-18 20:29:38 +02:00