openwrt/scripts/feeds

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#!/usr/bin/perl
use Getopt::Std;
use FindBin;
use Cwd;
use lib "$FindBin::Bin";
use metadata;
use warnings;
use strict;
use Cwd 'abs_path';
chdir "$FindBin::Bin/..";
$ENV{TOPDIR}=getcwd();
$ENV{GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS}="'core.autocrlf=false'";
$ENV{GREP_OPTIONS}="";
my $mk=`which gmake 2>/dev/null`; # select the right 'make' program
chomp($mk); # trim trailing newline
$mk or $mk = "make"; # default to 'make'
# check version of make
my @mkver = split /\s+/, `$mk -v`, 4;
my $valid_mk = 1;
$mkver[0] =~ /^GNU/ or $valid_mk = 0;
$mkver[1] =~ /^Make/ or $valid_mk = 0;
$mkver[2] >= "3.81" or $valid_mk = 0;
$valid_mk or die "Unsupported version of make found: $mk\n";
my @feeds;
my %build_packages;
my %installed;
my %installed_targets;
my %feed_cache;
my $feed_package = {};
my $feed_src = {};
my $feed_target = {};
sub parse_config() {
my $line = 0;
my %name;
open FEEDS, "feeds.conf" or
open FEEDS, "feeds.conf.default" or
die "Unable to open feeds configuration";
while (<FEEDS>) {
chomp;
s/#.+$//;
next unless /\S/;
my @line = split /\s+/, $_, 3;
my @src;
$line++;
my $valid = 1;
$line[0] =~ /^src-[\w-]+$/ or $valid = 0;
$line[1] =~ /^\w+$/ or $valid = 0;
@src = split /\s+/, $line[2];
$valid or die "Syntax error in feeds.conf, line: $line\n";
$name{$line[1]} and die "Duplicate feed name '$line[1]', line: $line\n";
$name{$line[1]} = 1;
push @feeds, [$line[0], $line[1], \@src];
}
close FEEDS;
}
sub update_location($$)
{
my $name = shift;
my $url = shift;
my $old_url;
-d "./feeds/$name.tmp" or mkdir "./feeds/$name.tmp" or return 1;
if( open LOC, "< ./feeds/$name.tmp/location" )
{
chomp($old_url = readline LOC);
close LOC;
}
if( !$old_url || $old_url ne $url )
{
if( open LOC, "> ./feeds/$name.tmp/location" )
{
print LOC $url, "\n";
close LOC;
}
return $old_url ? 1 : 0;
}
return 0;
}
sub update_index($)
{
my $name = shift;
-d "./feeds/$name.tmp" or mkdir "./feeds/$name.tmp" or return 1;
-d "./feeds/$name.tmp/info" or mkdir "./feeds/$name.tmp/info" or return 1;
system("$mk -s prepare-mk OPENWRT_BUILD= TMP_DIR=\"$ENV{TOPDIR}/feeds/$name.tmp\"");
system("$mk -s -f include/scan.mk IS_TTY=1 SCAN_TARGET=\"packageinfo\" SCAN_DIR=\"feeds/$name\" SCAN_NAME=\"package\" SCAN_DEPS=\"$ENV{TOPDIR}/include/package*.mk\" SCAN_DEPTH=5 SCAN_EXTRA=\"\" TMP_DIR=\"$ENV{TOPDIR}/feeds/$name.tmp\"");
system("$mk -s -f include/scan.mk IS_TTY=1 SCAN_TARGET=\"targetinfo\" SCAN_DIR=\"feeds/$name\" SCAN_NAME=\"target\" SCAN_DEPS=\"profiles/*.mk $ENV{TOPDIR}/include/target.mk\" SCAN_DEPTH=5 SCAN_EXTRA=\"\" SCAN_MAKEOPTS=\"TARGET_BUILD=1\" TMP_DIR=\"$ENV{TOPDIR}/feeds/$name.tmp\"");
system("ln -sf $name.tmp/.packageinfo ./feeds/$name.index");
system("ln -sf $name.tmp/.targetinfo ./feeds/$name.targetindex");
return 0;
}
my %update_method = (
'src-svn' => {
'init' => "svn checkout '%s' '%s'",
'update' => "svn update",
'controldir' => ".svn",
'revision' => "svn info | grep 'Revision' | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | tr -d '\n'"},
'src-cpy' => {
'init' => "cp -Rf '%s' '%s'",
'update' => "",
'revision' => "echo -n 'local'"},
'src-link' => {
'init' => "ln -s '%s' '%s'",
'update' => "",
'revision' => "echo -n 'local'"},
'src-git' => {
'init' => "git clone --depth 1 '%s' '%s'",
'init_branch' => "git clone --depth 1 --branch '%s' '%s' '%s'",
'init_commit' => "git clone '%s' '%s' && cd '%s' && git checkout -b '%s' '%s' && cd -",
'update' => "git pull --ff",
'controldir' => ".git",
'revision' => "git show --abbrev-commit HEAD | head -n 1 | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | tr -d '\n'"},
'src-git-full' => {
'init' => "git clone '%s' '%s'",
'init_branch' => "git clone --branch '%s' '%s' '%s'",
'init_commit' => "git clone '%s' '%s' && cd '%s' && git checkout -b '%s' '%s' && cd -",
'update' => "git pull --ff",
'controldir' => ".git",
'revision' => "git show --abbrev-commit HEAD | head -n 1 | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | tr -d '\n'"},
'src-gitsvn' => {
'init' => "git svn clone -r HEAD '%s' '%s'",
'update' => "git svn rebase",
'controldir' => ".git",
'revision' => "git show --abbrev-commit HEAD | head -n 1 | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | tr -d '\n'"},
'src-bzr' => {
'init' => "bzr checkout --lightweight '%s' '%s'",
'update' => "bzr update",
'controldir' => ".bzr"},
'src-hg' => {
'init' => "hg clone '%s' '%s'",
'update' => "hg pull --update",
'controldir' => ".hg"},
'src-darcs' => {
'init' => "darcs get '%s' '%s'",
'update' => "darcs pull -a",
'controldir' => "_darcs"},
);
# src-git: pull broken
# src-cpy: broken if `basename $src` != $name
sub update_feed_via($$$$) {
my $type = shift;
my $name = shift;
my $src = shift;
my $relocate = shift;
my $m = $update_method{$type};
my $localpath = "./feeds/$name";
my $safepath = $localpath;
$safepath =~ s/'/'\\''/;
my ($base_branch, $branch) = split(/;/, $src, 2);
my ($base_commit, $commit) = split(/\^/, $src, 2);
if( $relocate || !$m->{'update'} || !-d "$localpath/$m->{'controldir'}" ) {
system("rm -rf '$safepath'");
if ($m->{'init_branch'} and $branch) {
system(sprintf($m->{'init_branch'}, $branch, $base_branch, $safepath)) == 0 or return 1;
} elsif ($m->{'init_commit'} and $commit) {
system(sprintf($m->{'init_commit'}, $base_commit, $safepath, $safepath, $commit, $commit)) == 0 or return 1;
} else {
system(sprintf($m->{'init'}, $src, $safepath)) == 0 or return 1;
}
} elsif ($m->{'init_commit'} and $commit) {
# in case git hash has been provided don't update the feed
} else {
system("cd '$safepath'; $m->{'update'}") == 0 or return 1;
}
return 0;
}
sub get_targets($) {
my $file = shift;
my @target = parse_target_metadata($file);
my %target;
foreach my $target (@target) {
$target{$target->{id}} = $target;
}
return %target
}
sub get_feed($) {
my $feed = shift;
if (!defined($feed_cache{$feed})) {
my $file = "./feeds/$feed.index";
clear_packages();
-f $file or do {
print "Ignoring feed '$feed' - index missing\n";
return;
};
parse_package_metadata($file) or return;
my %target = get_targets("./feeds/$feed.targetindex");
$feed_cache{$feed} = [ { %package }, { %srcpackage }, { %target } ];
}
$feed_package = $feed_cache{$feed}->[0];
$feed_src = $feed_cache{$feed}->[1];
$feed_target = $feed_cache{$feed}->[2];
return $feed_cache{$feed}->[0];
}
sub get_installed() {
system("$mk -s prepare-tmpinfo OPENWRT_BUILD=");
clear_packages();
parse_package_metadata("./tmp/.packageinfo");
%installed = %package;
%installed_targets = get_targets("./tmp/.targetinfo");
}
sub search_feed {
my $feed = shift;
my @substr = @_;
my $display;
return unless @substr > 0;
get_feed($feed);
foreach my $name (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys %$feed_package) {
my $pkg = $feed_package->{$name};
my $substr;
my $pkgmatch = 1;
next if $pkg->{vdepends};
foreach my $substr (@substr) {
my $match;
foreach my $key (qw(name title description src)) {
2007-12-07 10:32:48 +00:00
$pkg->{$key} and $substr and $pkg->{$key} =~ m/$substr/i and $match = 1;
}
$match or undef $pkgmatch;
};
$pkgmatch and do {
$display or do {
print "Search results in feed '$feed':\n";
$display = 1;
};
printf "\%-25s\t\%s\n", $pkg->{name}, $pkg->{title};
};
}
foreach my $name (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys %$feed_target) {
my $target = $feed_target->{$name};
my $targetmatch = 1;
foreach my $substr (@substr) {
my $match;
foreach my $key (qw(id name description)) {
$target->{$key} and $substr and $target->{$key} =~ m/$substr/i and $match = 1;
}
$match or undef $targetmatch;
};
$targetmatch and do {
$display or do {
print "Search results in feed '$feed':\n";
$display = 1;
};
printf "TARGET: \%-17s\t\%s\n", $target->{id}, $target->{name};
};
}
return 0;
}
sub search {
my %opts;
getopt('r:', \%opts);
foreach my $feed (@feeds) {
search_feed($feed->[1], @ARGV) if (!defined($opts{r}) or $opts{r} eq $feed->[1]);
}
}
sub list_feed {
my $feed = shift;
get_feed($feed);
foreach my $name (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys %$feed_package) {
my $pkg = $feed_package->{$name};
next if $pkg->{vdepends};
if($pkg->{name}) {
printf "\%-32s\t\%s\n", $pkg->{name}, $pkg->{title};
}
}
foreach my $name (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys %$feed_target) {
my $target = $feed_target->{$name};
if($target->{name}) {
printf "TARGET: \%-24s\t\%s\n", $target->{id}, $target->{name};
}
}
return 0;
}
sub list {
my %opts;
getopts('r:d:nsh', \%opts);
if ($opts{h}) {
usage();
return 0;
}
if ($opts{n}) {
foreach my $feed (@feeds) {
printf "%s\n", $feed->[1];
}
return 0;
}
if ($opts{s}) {
foreach my $feed (@feeds) {
my $localpath = "./feeds/$feed->[1]";
my $m = $update_method{$feed->[0]};
my $revision;
if( !$m->{'revision'} ) {
$revision = "X";
}
elsif( $m->{'controldir'} && -d "$localpath/$m->{'controldir'}" ) {
$revision = `cd '$localpath'; $m->{'revision'}`;
}
else {
$revision = "local";
}
if ($opts{d}) {
printf "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n", $feed->[1], $opts{d}, $feed->[0], $opts{d}, $revision, $opts{d}, join(", ", @{$feed->[2]});
}
else {
printf "\%-8s \%-8s \%-8s \%s\n", $feed->[1], $feed->[0], $revision, join(", ", @{$feed->[2]});
}
}
return 0;
}
foreach my $feed (@feeds) {
list_feed($feed->[1], @ARGV) if (!defined($opts{r}) or $opts{r} eq $feed->[1]);
}
return 0;
}
sub do_install_package($$) {
my $feed = shift;
my $pkg = shift;
my $path = $pkg->{makefile};
if($path) {
$path =~ s/\/Makefile$//;
-d "./package/feeds" or mkdir "./package/feeds";
-d "./package/feeds/$feed->[1]" or mkdir "./package/feeds/$feed->[1]";
system("ln -sf ../../../$path ./package/feeds/$feed->[1]/");
} else {
warn "Package is not valid\n";
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
sub do_install_target($) {
my $target = shift;
my $path = $target->{makefile};
if ($path) {
$path =~ s/\/Makefile$//;
my $name = $path;
$name =~ s/.*\///;
my $dest = "./target/linux/$name";
-e $dest and do {
warn "Path $dest already exists";
return 1;
};
system("ln -sf ../../$path ./target/linux/");
} else {
warn "Target is not valid\n";
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
sub lookup_package($$) {
my $feed = shift;
my $package = shift;
foreach my $feed ($feed, @feeds) {
next unless $feed->[1];
next unless $feed_cache{$feed->[1]};
$feed_cache{$feed->[1]}->[0]->{$package} and return $feed;
}
return;
}
sub lookup_target($$) {
my $feed = shift;
my $target = shift;
foreach my $feed ($feed, @feeds) {
next unless $feed->[1];
next unless $feed_cache{$feed->[1]};
$feed_cache{$feed->[1]}->[2]->{$target} and return $feed;
}
return;
}
sub is_core_package($) {
my $package = shift;
foreach my $file ("tmp/info/.packageinfo-$package", glob("tmp/info/.packageinfo-*_$package")) {
next unless index($file, "tmp/info/.packageinfo-feeds_");
return 1 if -s $file;
}
return 0;
}
sub install_target {
my $feed = shift;
my $name = shift;
$feed = $feed_cache{$feed->[1]}->[2];
$feed or return 0;
my $target = $feed->{$name};
$target or return 0;
warn "Installing target '$name'\n";
return do_install_target($target);
}
sub install_package {
my $feed = shift;
my $name = shift;
my $force = shift;
my $ret = 0;
my $this_feed_target = lookup_target($feed, $name);
$this_feed_target and do {
$installed_targets{$name} and return 0;
install_target($this_feed_target, $name);
return 0;
};
$feed = lookup_package($feed, $name);
$feed or do {
$installed{$name} and return 0;
# TODO: check if it's already installed within ./package directory
$feed_src->{$name} or is_core_package($name) or warn "WARNING: No feed for package '$name' found, maybe it's already part of the standard packages?\n";
return 0;
};
# switch to the metadata for the selected feed
my $cur = get_feed($feed->[1]);
my $pkg = $cur->{$name} or return 1;
$pkg->{name} or do {
$installed{$name} and return 0;
# TODO: check if this is an alias package, maybe it's known by another name
warn "WARNING: Package '$name' is not available in feed $feed->[1].\n";
return 0;
};
my $src = $pkg->{src};
my $type = $feed->[0];
$src or $src = $name;
# If it's a core package and we don't want to override, just return
!$force and is_core_package($src) and return 0;
# previously installed packages set the runtime package
# newly installed packages set the source package to 1
$installed{$src} and $installed{$src} == 1 and return 0;
# we'll trigger the override only with the 3 conditions below:
# - override is allowed by command line (-f)
# - a package with the same src exists in the core packages list
# - the package previously installed is not from a feed
my $override = 1 if ($force and is_core_package($src) and !$installed{$name}->{feed});
# check previously installed packages
$installed{$name} and !$override and return 0;
$installed{$src} = 1;
defined($override) and $override == 1
and warn "Overriding core package '$src' with version from $feed->[1]\n"
or warn "Installing package '$src' from $feed->[1]\n";
do_install_package($feed, $pkg) == 0 or do {
warn "failed.\n";
return 1;
};
# install all dependencies referenced from the source package
foreach my $vpkg (@{$feed_src->{$src}}) {
foreach my $dep (@{$vpkg->{depends}}, @{$vpkg->{builddepends}}, @{$vpkg->{"builddepends/host"}}) {
next if $dep =~ /@/;
$dep =~ s/^\+//;
$dep =~ s/^.+://;
$dep =~ s/\/.+$//;
next unless $dep;
install_package($feed, $dep, 0) == 0 or $ret = 1;
}
}
return $ret;
}
sub refresh_config {
my $default = shift;
# workaround for timestamp check
system("rm -f tmp/.packageinfo");
# refresh the config
if ($default) {
system("$mk oldconfig CONFDEFAULT=\"$default\" Config.in >/dev/null 2>/dev/null");
} else {
system("$mk defconfig Config.in >/dev/null 2>/dev/null");
}
}
sub install {
my $name;
my %opts;
my $feed;
my $ret = 0;
getopts('ap:d:fh', \%opts);
if ($opts{h}) {
usage();
return 0;
}
get_installed();
foreach my $f (@feeds) {
# fetch all feeds
get_feed($f->[1]);
# look up the preferred feed
$opts{p} and $f->[1] eq $opts{p} and $feed = $f;
}
if($opts{a}) {
foreach my $f (@feeds) {
if (!defined($opts{p}) or $opts{p} eq $f->[1]) {
printf "Installing all packages from feed %s.\n", $f->[1];
get_feed($f->[1]);
foreach my $name (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys %$feed_package) {
my $p = $feed_package->{$name};
next if $p->{vdepends};
if( $p->{name} ) {
install_package($feed, $p->{name}, exists($opts{f})) == 0 or $ret = 1;
get_feed($f->[1]);
}
}
}
}
} else {
while ($name = shift @ARGV) {
install_package($feed, $name, exists($opts{f})) == 0 or $ret = 1;
}
}
# workaround for timestamp check
# set the defaults
if ($opts{d} and $opts{d} =~ /^[ymn]$/) {
refresh_config($opts{d});
}
return $ret;
}
sub uninstall_target($) {
my $dir = shift;
my $name = $dir;
$name =~ s/.*\///g;
my $dest = readlink $dir;
return unless $dest =~ /..\/..\/feeds/;
warn "Uninstalling target '$name'\n";
unlink "$dir";
}
sub uninstall {
my %opts;
my $name;
my $uninstall;
getopts('ah', \%opts);
if ($opts{h}) {
usage();
return 0;
}
if ($opts{a}) {
system("rm -rvf ./package/feeds");
foreach my $dir (glob "target/linux/*") {
next unless -l $dir;
uninstall_target($dir);
}
$uninstall = 1;
} else {
if($#ARGV == -1) {
warn "WARNING: no package to uninstall\n";
return 0;
}
get_installed();
while ($name = shift @ARGV) {
my $target = "target/linux/$name";
-l "$target" and do {
uninstall_target($target);
$uninstall = 1;
next;
};
my $pkg = $installed{$name};
$pkg or do {
warn "WARNING: $name not installed\n";
next;
};
$pkg->{src} and $name = $pkg->{src};
warn "Uninstalling package '$name'\n";
system("rm -f ./package/feeds/*/$name");
$uninstall = 1;
}
}
$uninstall and refresh_config();
return 0;
}
sub update_feed($$$$)
{
my $type=shift;
my $name=shift;
my $src=shift;
my $perform_update=shift;
my $force_relocate=update_location( $name, "@$src" );
if( $force_relocate ) {
warn "Source of feed $name has changed, replacing copy\n";
}
$update_method{$type} or do {
warn "Unknown type '$type' in feed $name\n";
return 1;
};
$perform_update and do {
my $failed = 1;
foreach my $feedsrc (@$src) {
warn "Updating feed '$name' from '$feedsrc' ...\n";
next unless update_feed_via($type, $name, $feedsrc, $force_relocate) == 0;
$failed = 0;
last;
}
$failed and do {
warn "failed.\n";
return 1;
};
};
warn "Create index file './feeds/$name.index' \n";
update_index($name) == 0 or do {
warn "failed.\n";
return 1;
};
return 0;
}
sub update {
my %opts;
my $feed_name;
my $perform_update=1;
$ENV{SCAN_COOKIE} = $$;
$ENV{OPENWRT_VERBOSE} = 's';
getopts('ahi', \%opts);
if ($opts{h}) {
usage();
return 0;
}
if ($opts{i}) {
# don't update from (remote) repository
# only re-create index information
$perform_update=0;
}
-d "feeds" or do {
mkdir "feeds" or die "Unable to create the feeds directory";
};
if ( ($#ARGV == -1) or $opts{a}) {
foreach my $feed (@feeds) {
my ($type, $name, $src) = @$feed;
scripts/feeds: handle missing/broken feeds better pts/feeds update -a" can fail rather silently for feeds using git, as the script does not pause when updating a feed fails. Instead it prints the error message and calmly continues to the next feed. It is very easy to overlook update errors with the feeds updated first, as their text scrolls rapidly away from the screen. This behaviour has not been a big problem with svn feeds, as svn update stops with a conflict message and interactively forces the user to resolve or postpone the conflict. In any case the svn error is noticed by the user. Majority of the feeds use now git, so this silent failure can affect users doing private builds in an increasing amount. Below is an example of update failing and script continuing: perus@v1404:/Openwrt/barrier$ ./scripts/feeds update -a Updating feed 'packages' from 'https://github.com/openwrt/packages.git;for-14.07' ... remote: Counting objects: 17, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (15/15), done. remote: Total 17 (delta 10), reused 8 (delta 1) Unpacking objects: 100% (17/17), done. From https://github.com/openwrt/packages 62031da..dc26009 for-14.07 -> origin/for-14.07 Updating 62031da..dc26009 error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge: utils/collectd/Makefile Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can merge. Aborting failed. Updating feed 'luci' from 'http://git.openwrt.org/project/luci.git;luci-0.12' ... Already up-to-date. Create index file './feeds/luci.index' Updating feed 'routing' from 'https://github.com/openwrt-routing/packages.git;for-14.07' ... ... The script prints "failed.", but does not break the updating process. The "update_feed" function returns an error code 1, but that value is not checked in the "update" function, which continues to the next feed. Return 1 as error: ​https://dev.openwrt.org/browser/trunk/scripts/feeds#L547 Call to update_feed without any error monitoring: ​https://dev.openwrt.org/browser/trunk/scripts/feeds#L585 The included patch makes the feeds script to stop updating after failing to update a feed. The script continues to the refresh_config step despite a possible failure in updating, so the stopping action just prevents the other feeds from updating and makes the error more clearly visible. Signed-off-by: Hannu Nyman <hannu.nyman@iki.fi> SVN-Revision: 42891
2014-10-13 19:41:27 +00:00
next unless update_feed($type, $name, $src, $perform_update) == 1;
last;
}
} else {
while ($feed_name = shift @ARGV) {
foreach my $feed (@feeds) {
my ($type, $name, $src) = @$feed;
if($feed_name ne $name) {
next;
}
update_feed($type, $name, $src, $perform_update);
}
}
}
refresh_config();
return 0;
}
sub feed_config() {
foreach my $feed (@feeds) {
my $installed = (-f "feeds/$feed->[1].index");
printf "\tconfig FEED_%s\n", $feed->[1];
printf "\t\tbool \"Enable feed %s\"\n", $feed->[1];
printf "\t\tdepends on PER_FEED_REPO\n";
printf "\t\tdefault y\n" if $installed;
printf "\t\thelp\n";
printf "\t\t Enable the \\\"%s\\\" feed at %s.\n", $feed->[1], $feed->[2][0];
printf "\n";
}
return 0;
}
sub usage() {
print <<EOF;
Usage: $0 <command> [options]
Commands:
list [options]: List feeds, their content and revisions (if installed)
Options:
-n : List of feed names.
-s : List of feed names and their URL.
-r <feedname>: List packages of specified feed.
-d <delimiter>: Use specified delimiter to distinguish rows (default: spaces)
install [options] <package>: Install a package
Options:
-a : Install all packages from all feeds or from the specified feed using the -p option.
-p <feedname>: Prefer this feed when installing packages.
-d <y|m|n>: Set default for newly installed packages.
-f : Install will be forced even if the package exists in core OpenWrt (override)
search [options] <substring>: Search for a package
Options:
-r <feedname>: Only search in this feed
uninstall -a|<package>: Uninstall a package
Options:
-a : Uninstalls all packages.
update -a|<feedname(s)>: Update packages and lists of feeds in feeds.conf .
Options:
2010-10-18 21:43:50 +00:00
-a : Update all feeds listed within feeds.conf. Otherwise the specified feeds will be updated.
-i : Recreate the index only. No feed update from repository is performed.
clean: Remove downloaded/generated files.
EOF
exit(1);
}
my %commands = (
'list' => \&list,
'update' => \&update,
'install' => \&install,
'search' => \&search,
'uninstall' => \&uninstall,
'feed_config' => \&feed_config,
'clean' => sub {
system("rm -rf ./feeds ./package/feeds");
}
);
my $arg = shift @ARGV;
$arg or usage();
parse_config;
foreach my $cmd (keys %commands) {
$arg eq $cmd and do {
exit(&{$commands{$cmd}}());
};
}
usage();