# openwifi **openwifi:** Linux mac80211 compatible full-stack IEEE802.11/Wi-Fi design based on SDR (Software Defined Radio). This repository includes Linux driver and software. [openwifi-hw](https://github.com/open-sdr/openwifi-hw) repository has the FPGA design. [[Project document](https://github.com/open-sdr/openwifi/tree/master/doc)] [Demo [video](https://youtu.be/NpjEaszd5u4) and video [download](https://users.ugent.be/~xjiao/openwifi-low-aac.mp4)] [openwifi [maillist](https://lists.ugent.be/wws/subscribe/openwifi)] [[Cite openwifi project](#Cite-openwifi-project)] Openwifi code has dual licenses. AGPLv3 is the opensource license. For non-opensource license, please contact Filip.Louagie@UGent.be. Openwifi project also leverages some 3rd party modules. It is user's duty to check and follow licenses of those modules according to the purpose/usage. You can find [an example explanation from Analog Devices](https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/hdl/blob/master/LICENSE) for this compound license conditions. [[How to contribute]](https://github.com/open-sdr/openwifi/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md). **Features:** - 802.11a/g - 802.11n MCS 0~7 (Only PHY rx for now. Full system support of 802.11n will come soon) - 20MHz bandwidth; 70 MHz to 6 GHz frequency range - Mode tested: Ad-hoc; Station; AP, Monitor - DCF (CSMA/CA) low MAC layer in FPGA (10us SIFS is achieved) - Configurable channel access priority parameters: - duration of RTS/CTS, CTS-to-self - SIFS/DIFS/xIFS/slot-time/CW/etc - Time slicing based on MAC address - Easy to change bandwidth and frequency: - 2MHz for 802.11ah in sub-GHz - 10MHz for 802.11p/vehicle in 5.9GHz - On roadmap: **802.11ax** **Performance (AP: openwifi at channel 44, client: TL-WDN4200 N900 USB Dongle):** - AP --> client: 30.6Mbps(TCP), 38.8Mbps(UDP) - client --> AP: 17.0Mbps(TCP), 21.5Mbps(UDP) **Supported SDR platforms:** (Check [Porting guide](#Porting-guide) for your new board if it isn't in the list) board_name|board combination|status -------|-------|---- zc706_fmcs2|Xilinx ZC706 dev board + FMCOMMS2/3/4|Done zed_fmcs2|Xilinx zed board + FMCOMMS2/3/4|Done adrv9364z7020|ADRV9364Z7020 SOM + ADRV1CRR-BOB carrier board|Done adrv9361z7035|ADRV9361Z7035 SOM + ADRV1CRR-BOB carrier board|Done adrv9361z7035_fmc|ADRV9361Z7035 SOM + ADRV1CRR-FMC carrier board|Done zc702_fmcs2|Xilinx ZC702 dev board + FMCOMMS2/3/4|Done zcu102_fmcs2|Xilinx ZCU102 dev board + FMCOMMS2/3/4|Coming soon! zcu102_9371|Xilinx ZCU102 dev board + ADRV9371|Future - board_name is used to identify FPGA design in openwifi-hw/boards/ - Don't have any boards? Or you like JTAG boot instead of SD card? Check our test bed [w-iLab.t](https://doc.ilabt.imec.be/ilabt/wilab/tutorials/openwifi.html) tutorial. [[Quick start](#Quick-start)] [[Basic operations](#Basic-operations)] [[Update FPGA](#Update-FPGA)] [[Update Driver](#Update-Driver)] [[Update sdrctl](#Update-sdrctl)] [[Easy Access and etc](#Easy-Access-and-etc)] [[Build openwifi Linux img from scratch](#Build-openwifi-Linux-img-from-scratch)] [[Special note for 11b](#Special-note-for-11b)] [[Porting guide](#Porting-guide)] [[Cite openwifi project](#Cite-openwifi-project)] ## Quick start - Burn [openwifi image](https://users.ugent.be/~xjiao/openwifi-1.1.0-taiyuan-1.img.xz) into a SD card (Double click or "Open With Disk Image Writer"). The SD card has two partitions: BOOT and rootfs. You need to config the **correct files in the BOOT partition** according to the **platform you have** by operating the SD card on your computer: **overwrite** the BOOT.BIN and devicetree.dtb in the base directory of BOOT partiton with the files in **openwifi/board_name** directory. (DO **NOT** touch **uImage**!) - Connect two antennas to RXA/TXA ports. Config the board to SD card boot mode (check the board manual). Insert the SD card to the board. - Power on. login to the board from your PC (PC Ethernet should have IP 192.168.10.1) with one time password **analog**. ``` ssh root@192.168.10.122 ``` - Setup routing/NAT **on the PC** for the board -- this is **important** for post installation/config. ``` sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ethY -j MASQUERADE sudo ip route add 192.168.13.0/24 via 192.168.10.122 dev ethX ``` **ethX** is the PC NIC name connecting the board. **ethY** is the PC NIC name connecting internet. If you want, uncommenting "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" in /etc/sysctl.conf to make IP forwarding persistent on PC. - Run **one time** script on board to complete post installation/config (After this, password becomes **openwifi**) ``` cd ~/openwifi && ./post_config.sh ``` - Run openwifi AP together with the on board webserver ``` ~/openwifi/fosdem.sh ``` - After you see the "openwifi" SSID on your device (Phone/Laptop/etc), connect it. Browser to 192.168.13.1 on your deivce, you should see the webpage hosted by the webserver on board. - Note 1: If your device doesn't support 5GHz (ch44), please change the **hostapd-openwifi.conf** on board and re-run fosdem.sh. - Note 2: After ~2 hours, the Viterbi decoder will halt (Xilinx Evaluation License). Just power cycle the board if it happens. (If output of "./sdrctl dev sdr0 get reg rx 20" is always the same, it means the decoder halts) ## Basic operations The board actually is an Linux/Ubuntu computer which is running **hostapd** to offer Wi-Fi AP functionality over the Wi-Fi Network Interface (NIC). The NIC is implemented by openwifi-hw FPGA design. We use the term **"On board"** to indicate that the commands should be executed after ssh login to the board. **"On PC"** means the commands should run on PC. - Bring up the openwifi NIC sdr0: ``` cd ~/openwifi && ./wgd.sh ``` - Use openwifi as client to connect other AP (Change wpa-connect.conf on board firstly): ``` route del default gw 192.168.10.1 wpa_supplicant -i sdr0 -c wpa-connect.conf & dhclient sdr0 ``` - Use openwifi in ad-hoc mode: Please check **sdr-ad-hoc-up.sh** and **sdr-ad-hoc-join.sh**. - Use openwifi in monitor mode: Please check **monitor_ch.sh**. - The Linux native Wi-Fi tools/Apps (iwconfig/ifconfig/iwlist/iw/hostapd/wpa_supplicant/etc) can run over openwifi NIC in the same way as commercial Wi-Fi chip. - **sdrctl** is a dedicated tool to access openwifi driver/FPGA, please check doc directory for more information. ## Update FPGA Since the pre-built SD card image might not have the latest bug-fixes/updates, it is recommended to udpate the fpga bitstream on board. - Install Vivado/SDK 2017.4.1 (If you don't need to generate new FPGA bitstream, WebPack version without license is enough) - Setup environment variables (use absolute path): ``` export XILINX_DIR=your_Xilinx_directory export OPENWIFI_DIR=your_openwifi_directory export BOARD_NAME=your_board_name ``` - Get the latest FPGA bitstream from openwifi-hw, generate BOOT.BIN and transfer it on board via ssh channel: ``` $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/get_fpga.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/boot_bin_gen.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR $XILINX_DIR $BOARD_NAME scp $OPENWIFI_DIR/kernel_boot/boards/$BOARD_NAME/output_boot_bin/BOOT.BIN root@192.168.10.122: ``` - On board: Put the BOOT.BIN into the BOOT partition. ``` mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt cp ~/BOOT.BIN /mnt umount /mnt ``` **Power cycle** the board to load new FPGA bitstream. ## Update Driver Since the pre-built SD card image might not have the latest bug-fixes/updates, it is recommended to udpate the driver on board. - Prepare Analog Devices Linux kernel source code (only need to run once): ``` $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/prepare_kernel_src.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR $XILINX_DIR ``` - Compile the latest openwifi driver ``` $OPENWIFI_DIR/driver/make_all.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR $XILINX_DIR ``` - Copy the driver files to the board via ssh channel ``` scp `find $OPENWIFI_DIR/driver/ -name \*.ko` root@192.168.10.122:openwifi/ ``` Now you can use **wgd.sh** on board to load the new openwifi driver. ## Update sdrctl - Copy the sdrctl source files to the board via ssh channel ``` scp `find $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/sdrctl_src/ -name \*.*` root@192.168.10.122:openwifi/sdrctl_src/ ``` - Compile the sdrctl **on board**: ``` cd ~/openwifi/sdrctl_src/ && make && cp sdrctl ../ && cd .. ``` ## Easy Access and etc - FPGA and driver on board update scripts - Setup [ftp server](https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/ftp-server.html) on PC, allow anonymous and change ftp root directory to $OPENWIFI_DIR. - On board: ``` ./sdcard_boot_update.sh $BOARD_NAME (Above command downloads uImage, BOOT.BIN and devicetree.dtb, then copy them into boot partition. Remember to power cycle) ./wgd.sh remote (Above command downloads driver files, and brings up sdr0) ``` - Access the board disk/rootfs like a disk: - On PC: "File manager --> Connect to Server...", input: sftp://root@192.168.10.122/root - Input password "openwifi" ## Build openwifi Linux img from scratch - Download [2017_R1-2018_01_29.img.xz](http://swdownloads.analog.com/cse/2017_R1-2018_01_29.img.xz) from [Analog Devices Wiki](https://wiki.analog.com/resources/tools-software/linux-software/zynq_images). Burn it to a SD card. - Insert the SD card to your Linux PC. Find out the mount point (that has two sub directories BOOT and rootfs), and setup environment variables (use absolute path): ``` export SDCARD_DIR=sdcard_mount_point export XILINX_DIR=your_Xilinx_directory export OPENWIFI_DIR=your_openwifi_directory export BOARD_NAME=your_board_name ``` - Run script to update SD card: ``` $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/update_sdcard.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR $XILINX_DIR $BOARD_NAME $SDCARD_DIR ``` - Now you can start from [Quick start](#Quick-start) ## Special note for 11b Openwifi only applies OFDM as its modulation scheme and as a result, it is not backward compatible with 802.11b clients or modes of operation. This is usually the case during beacon transmission, connection establishment, and robust communication. As a solution to this problem, openwifi can be fully controlled only if communicating with APs/clients instantiated using hostapd/wpa_supplicant userspace programs respectively. For hostapd program, 802.11b rates can be suppressed using configuration commands (i.e. supported_rates, basic_rates) and an example configuration file is provided (i.e. hostapd-openwifi.conf). One small caveat to this one comes from fullMAC Wi-Fi cards as they must implement the *NL80211_TXRATE_LEGACY* NetLink handler at the device driver level. On the other hand, the wpa_supplicant program on the client side (commercial Wi-Fi dongle/board) cannot suppress 802.11b rates out of the box in 2.4GHz band, so there will be an issue when connecting openwifi (OFDM only). A patched wpa_supplicant should be used at the client side. ``` sudo apt-get install libssl1.0-dev $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/build_wpa_supplicant_wo11b.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR ``` ## Porting guide This section explains the porting work by showing the differences between openwifi and Analog Devices reference design. We use **2018_r1** of [HDL Reference Designs](https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/hdl). - Open the fmcomms2 + zc706 reference design at hdl/projects/fmcomms2/zc706 (Please read Analog Devices help) - Open the openwifi design zc706_fmcs2 at openwifi-hw/boards/zc706_fmcs2 (Please read openwifi-hw repository) - "Open Block Design", you will see the differences between openwifi and the reference design. Both in "diagram" and in "Address Editor". - The address/interrupts of FPGA blocks hooked to the ARM bus should be put/aligned to the devicetree file openwifi/kernel_boot/boards/zc706_fmcs2/devicetree.dts. Linux will parse the devicetree.dtb when booting to know information of attached deivce (FPGA blocks in our case). - We use dtc command to get devicetree.dts converted from devicetree.dtb in [Analog Devices Linux image](https://wiki.analog.com/resources/tools-software/linux-software/zynq_images), then do modification according to what we have added/modified to the reference design. - Please learn the script in [[Build openwifi Linux img from scratch](#Build-openwifi-Linux-img-from-scratch)] to understand how we generate devicetree.dtb, BOOT.BIN and Linux kernel uImage and put them together to build the full SD card image. ## Cite openwifi project Any use of openwifi project which results in a publication should include a citation via (bibtex example): ``` @electronic{openwifigithub, author = {Xianjun, Jiao and Wei, Liu and Michael, Mehari}, title = {open-source IEEE802.11/Wi-Fi baseband chip/FPGA design}, url = {https://github.com/open-sdr/openwifi}, year = {2019}, } ``` Openwifi was born in [ORCA project](https://www.orca-project.eu/) (EU's Horizon2020 programme under agreement number 732174).