gns3-server/gns3server/modules/dynamips/nodes/router.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2013 GNS3 Technologies Inc.
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

"""
Interface for Dynamips virtual Machine module ("vm")
http://github.com/GNS3/dynamips/blob/master/README.hypervisor#L77
"""

from ..dynamips_error import DynamipsError
from ...attic import find_unused_port

import time
import sys
import os

import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class Router(object):
    """
    Dynamips router implementation.

    :param hypervisor: Dynamips hypervisor instance
    :param name: name for this router
    :param platform: c7200, c3745, c3725, c3600, c2691, c2600 or c1700
    :param ghost_flag: used when creating a ghost IOS.
    """

    _allocated_names = []
    _allocated_console_ports = []
    _allocated_aux_ports = []
    _instance_count = 1
    _status = {0: "inactive",
               1: "shutting down",
               2: "running",
               3: "suspended"}

    def __init__(self, hypervisor, name, platform="c7200", ghost_flag=False):

        if not ghost_flag:

            # check if the name is already taken
            if name in self._allocated_names:
                raise DynamipsError('Name "{}" is already used by another router'.format(name))

            # create an unique ID
            self._id = Router._instance_count
            Router._instance_count += 1

        else:
            log.info("creating a new ghost IOS file")
            self._id = 0
            name = "Ghost"

        self._allocated_names.append(name)
        self._hypervisor = hypervisor
        self._name = '"' + name + '"'  # put name into quotes to protect spaces
        self._platform = platform
        self._image = ""
        self._startup_config = ""
        self._private_config = ""
        self._ram = 128  # Megabytes
        self._nvram = 128  # Kilobytes
        self._mmap = True
        self._sparsemem = True
        self._clock_divisor = 8
        self._idlepc = ""
        self._idlemax = 500
        self._idlesleep = 30
        self._ghost_file = ""
        self._ghost_status = 0
        if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
            self._exec_area = 16  # 16 MB by default on Windows (Cygwin)
        else:
            self._exec_area = 64  # 64 MB on other systems
        self._jit_sharing_group = None
        self._disk0 = 0  # Megabytes
        self._disk1 = 0  # Megabytes
        self._confreg = "0x2102"
        self._console = None
        self._aux = None
        self._mac_addr = None
        self._system_id = "FTX0945W0MY"  # processor board ID in IOS
        self._slots = []

        self._hypervisor.send("vm create {name} {id} {platform}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                        id=self._id,
                                                                        platform=self._platform))

        if not ghost_flag:
            log.info("router {platform} {name} [id={id}] has been created".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                  platform=platform,
                                                                                  id=self._id))

            try:
                # allocate a console port
                self._console = find_unused_port(self._hypervisor.console_start_port_range,
                                                 self._hypervisor.console_end_port_range,
                                                 self._hypervisor.host,
                                                 ignore_ports=self._allocated_console_ports)

                self._hypervisor.send("vm set_con_tcp_port {name} {console}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                    console=self._console))
                self._allocated_console_ports.append(self._console)

                # allocate a auxiliary console port
                self._aux = find_unused_port(self._hypervisor.aux_start_port_range,
                                             self._hypervisor.aux_end_port_range,
                                             self._hypervisor.host,
                                             ignore_ports=self._allocated_aux_ports)

                self._hypervisor.send("vm set_aux_tcp_port {name} {aux}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                aux=self._aux))

                self._allocated_aux_ports.append(self._aux)
            except Exception as e:
                raise DynamipsError(e)

            # get the default base MAC address
            self._mac_addr = self._hypervisor.send("{platform} get_mac_addr {name}".format(platform=self._platform,
                                                                                     name=self._name))[0]

        self._hypervisor.devices.append(self)

    @classmethod
    def reset(cls):
        """
        Resets the instance count and the allocated names list.
        """

        cls._instance_count = 1
        cls._allocated_names.clear()
        cls._allocated_console_ports.clear()
        cls._allocated_aux_ports.clear()

    def defaults(self):
        """
        Returns all the default base attribute values for routers.

        :returns: default values (dictionary)
        """

        router_defaults = {"platform": self._platform,
                           "image": self._image,
                           "startup_config": self._startup_config,
                           "private_config": self._private_config,
                           "ram": self._ram,
                           "nvram": self._nvram,
                           "mmap": self._mmap,
                           "sparsemem": self._sparsemem,
                           "clock_divisor": self._clock_divisor,
                           "idlepc": self._idlepc,
                           "idlemax": self._idlemax,
                           "idlesleep": self._idlesleep,
                           "exec_area": self._exec_area,
                           "jit_sharing_group": self._jit_sharing_group,
                           "disk0": self._disk0,
                           "disk1": self._disk1,
                           "confreg": self._confreg,
                           "console": self._console,
                           "aux": self._aux,
                           "mac_addr": self._mac_addr,
                           "system_id": self._system_id}

        slot_id = 0
        for slot in self._slots:
            if slot:
                slot = str(slot)
            router_defaults["slot" + str(slot_id)] = slot
            slot_id += 1

        if self._slots[0] and self._slots[0].wics:
            for wic_slot_id in range(0, len(self._slots[0].wics)):
                router_defaults["wic" + str(wic_slot_id)] = None

        return router_defaults

    @property
    def id(self):
        """
        Returns the unique ID for this router.

        :returns: id (integer)
        """

        return self._id

    @property
    def name(self):
        """
        Returns the name of this router.

        :returns: name (string)
        """

        return self._name[1:-1]  # remove quotes

    @name.setter
    def name(self, new_name):
        """
        Renames this router.

        :param new_name: new name string
        """

        if new_name in self._allocated_names:
            raise DynamipsError('Name "{}" is already used by another router'.format(new_name))

        if self._startup_config:
            # change the hostname in the startup-config
            startup_config_path = os.path.join(self.hypervisor.working_dir, "configs", "{}.cfg".format(self.name))
            if os.path.isfile(startup_config_path):
                try:
                    with open(startup_config_path, "r+") as f:
                        old_config = f.read()
                        new_config = old_config.replace(self.name, new_name)
                        f.seek(0)
                        f.write(new_config)
                    new_startup_config_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(startup_config_path), "{}.cfg".format(new_name))
                    os.rename(startup_config_path, new_startup_config_path)
                except OSError as e:
                    raise DynamipsError("Could not amend the configuration {}: {}".format(startup_config_path, e))
                self.set_config(new_startup_config_path)

        if self._private_config:
            # change the hostname in the startup-config
            private_config_path = os.path.join(self.hypervisor.working_dir, "configs", "{}-private.cfg".format(self.name))
            if os.path.isfile(private_config_path):
                try:
                    with open(private_config_path, "r+") as f:
                        old_config = f.read()
                        new_config = old_config.replace(self.name, new_name)
                        f.seek(0)
                        f.write(new_config)
                    new_private_config_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(private_config_path), "{}-private.cfg".format(new_name))
                    os.rename(private_config_path, new_private_config_path)
                except OSError as e:
                    raise DynamipsError("Could not amend the configuration {}: {}".format(private_config_path, e))
                self.set_config(self.startup_config, new_private_config_path)

        new_name_no_quotes = new_name
        new_name = '"' + new_name + '"'  # put the new name into quotes to protect spaces
        self._hypervisor.send("vm rename {name} {new_name}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                   new_name=new_name))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: renamed to {new_name}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                         id=self._id,
                                                                         new_name=new_name))

        self._allocated_names.remove(self.name)
        self._name = new_name
        self._allocated_names.append(new_name_no_quotes)

    @property
    def platform(self):
        """
        Returns the platform of this router.

        :returns: platform name (string):
        c7200, c3745, c3725, c3600, c2691, c2600 or c1700
        """

        return self._platform

    @property
    def hypervisor(self):
        """
        Returns the current hypervisor.

        :returns: hypervisor instance
        """

        return self._hypervisor

    def list(self):
        """
        Returns all VM instances

        :returns: list of all VM instances
        """

        return self._hypervisor.send("vm list")

    def list_con_ports(self):
        """
        Returns all VM console TCP ports

        :returns: list of port numbers
        """

        return self._hypervisor.send("vm list_con_ports")

    def delete(self):
        """
        Deletes this router.
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm delete {}".format(self._name))
        self._hypervisor.devices.remove(self)

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}] has been deleted".format(name=self._name, id=self._id))
        self._allocated_names.remove(self.name)
        if self.console:
            self._allocated_console_ports.remove(self.console)
        if self.aux:
            self._allocated_aux_ports.remove(self.aux)

    def clean_delete(self):
        """
        Deletes this router & associated files (nvram, disks etc.)
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm clean_delete {}".format(self._name))
        self._hypervisor.devices.remove(self)

        if self._startup_config:
            # delete the startup-config
            startup_config_path = os.path.join(self.hypervisor.working_dir, "configs", "{}.cfg".format(self.name))
            if os.path.isfile(startup_config_path):
                os.remove(startup_config_path)

        if self._private_config:
            # delete the private-config
            private_config_path = os.path.join(self.hypervisor.working_dir, "configs", "{}-private.cfg".format(self.name))
            if os.path.isfile(private_config_path):
                os.remove(private_config_path)

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}] has been deleted (including associated files)".format(name=self._name, id=self._id))
        self._allocated_names.remove(self.name)
        if self.console:
            self._allocated_console_ports.remove(self.console)
        if self.aux:
            self._allocated_aux_ports.remove(self.aux)

    def start(self):
        """
        Starts this router.
        At least the IOS image must be set before starting it.
        """

        status = self.get_status()
        if status == "suspended":
            self.resume()
        elif status == "inactive":

            if not os.path.isfile(self._image):
                raise DynamipsError("IOS image '{}' is not accessible".format(self._image))

            try:
                with open(self._image, "rb") as f:
                    # read the first 7 bytes of the file.
                    elf_header_start = f.read(7)
            except OSError as e:
                raise DynamipsError("Cannot read ELF header for IOS image {}: {}".format(self._image, e))

            # IOS images must start with the ELF magic number, be 32-bit, big endian and have an ELF version of 1
            if elf_header_start != b'\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01':
                raise DynamipsError("'{}' is not a valid IOU image".format(self._image))

            self._hypervisor.send("vm start {}".format(self._name))
            log.info("router {name} [id={id}] has been started".format(name=self._name, id=self._id))

    def stop(self):
        """
        Stops this router.
        The settings are kept.
        """

        if self.get_status() != "inactive":
            self._hypervisor.send("vm stop {}".format(self._name))
            log.info("router {name} [id={id}] has been stopped".format(name=self._name, id=self._id))

    def suspend(self):
        """
        Suspends this router
        """

        if self.get_status() == "running":
            self._hypervisor.send("vm suspend {}".format(self._name))
            log.info("router {name} [id={id}] has been suspended".format(name=self._name, id=self._id))

    def resume(self):
        """
        Resumes this suspended router
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm resume {}".format(self._name))
        log.info("router {name} [id={id}] has been resumed".format(name=self._name, id=self._id))

    def get_status(self):
        """
        Returns the status of this router

        :returns: inactive, shutting down, running or suspended.
        """

        status_id = int(self._hypervisor.send("vm get_status {}".format(self._name))[0])
        return self._status[status_id]

    def is_running(self):
        """
        Checks if this router is running.

        :returns: True if running, False otherwise
        """

        if self.get_status() == "running":
            return True
        return False

    @property
    def jit_sharing_group(self):
        """
        Returns the JIT sharing group for this router.

        :returns: translation sharing group ID
        """

        return self._jit_sharing_group

    @jit_sharing_group.setter
    def jit_sharing_group(self, group_id):
        """
        Sets the translation sharing group (unstable).

        :param group_id: translation sharing group ID
        """

        if not self._image:
            raise DynamipsError("Register an IOS image fist")

        try:
            self._hypervisor.send("vm set_tsg {name} {group_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                        group_id=group_id))
        except DynamipsError:
            raise DynamipsError("JIT sharing is only supported in Dynamips >= 0.2.8-RC3 unstable")

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: set in JIT sharing group {group_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                       id=self._id,
                                                                                       group_id=group_id))

        self._jit_sharing_group = group_id
        self._hypervisor.add_jitsharing_group(os.path.basename(self._image), group_id)

    def set_debug_level(self, level):
        """
        Sets the debug level for this router (default is 0).

        :param level: level number
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_debug_level {name} {level}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                         level=level))

    @property
    def image(self):
        """
        Returns this IOS image for this router.

        :returns: path to IOS image file
        """

        return self._image

    @image.setter
    def image(self, image):
        """
        Sets the IOS image for this router.
        There is no default.

        :param image: path to IOS image file
        """

        # encase image in quotes to protect spaces in the path
        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_ios {name} {image}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                 image='"' + image + '"'))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: has a new IOS image set: {image}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                    id=self._id,
                                                                                    image='"' + image + '"'))

        self._image = image

    @property
    def startup_config(self):
        """
        Returns the startup-config for this router.

        :returns: path to startup-config file
        """

        return self._startup_config

    @startup_config.setter
    def startup_config(self, startup_config):
        """
        Sets the startup-config for this router.

        :param startup_config: path to startup-config file
        """

        self._startup_config = startup_config

    @property
    def private_config(self):
        """
        Returns the private-config for this router.

        :returns: path to private-config file
        """

        return self._private_config

    @private_config.setter
    def private_config(self, private_config):
        """
        Sets the private-config for this router.

        :param private_config: path to private-config file
        """

        self._private_config = private_config

    def set_config(self, startup_config, private_config=''):
        """
        Sets the config files that are pushed to startup-config and
        private-config in NVRAM when the instance is started.

        :param startup_config: path to statup-config file
        :param private_config: path to private-config file
        (keep existing data when if an empty string)
        """

        if self._startup_config != startup_config or self._private_config != private_config:

            self._hypervisor.send("vm set_config {name} {startup} {private}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                    startup='"' + startup_config + '"',
                                                                                    private='"' + private_config + '"'))

            log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: has a startup-config set: {startup}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                           id=self._id,
                                                                                           startup='"' + startup_config + '"'))

            self._startup_config = startup_config

            if private_config:
                log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: has a private-config set: {private}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                               id=self._id,
                                                                                               private='"' + private_config + '"'))

                self._private_config = private_config

    def extract_config(self):
        """
        Gets the contents of the config files
        startup-config and private-config from NVRAM.

        :returns: tuple (startup-config, private-config) base64 encoded
        """

        try:
            reply = self._hypervisor.send("vm extract_config {}".format(self._name))[0].rsplit(' ', 2)[-2:]
        except IOError:
            #for some reason Dynamips gets frozen when it does not find the magic number in the NVRAM file.
            return None, None
        startup_config = reply[0][1:-1]  # get statup-config and remove single quotes
        private_config = reply[1][1:-1]  # get private-config and remove single quotes
        return startup_config, private_config

    def push_config(self, startup_config, private_config='(keep)'):
        """
        Pushes configuration to the config files startup-config and private-config in NVRAM.
        The data is a Base64 encoded string, or '(keep)' to keep existing data.

        :param startup_config: statup-config string base64 encoded
        :param private_config: private-config string base64 encoded
        (keep existing data when if the value is ('keep'))
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm push_config {name} {startup} {private}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                 startup=startup_config,
                                                                                 private=private_config))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: new startup-config pushed".format(name=self._name,
                                                                             id=self._id))

        if private_config != '(keep)':
            log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: new private-config pushed".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                 id=self._id))

    @property
    def ram(self):
        """
        Returns the amount of RAM allocated to this router.

        :returns: amount of RAM in Mbytes (integer)
        """

        return self._ram

    @ram.setter
    def ram(self, ram):
        """
        Sets amount of RAM allocated to this router

        :param ram: amount of RAM in Mbytes (integer)
        """

        if self._ram == ram:
            return

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_ram {name} {ram}".format(name=self._name,
                                                               ram=ram))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: RAM updated from {old_ram}MB to {new_ram}MB".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                               id=self._id,
                                                                                               old_ram=self._ram,
                                                                                               new_ram=ram))

        self._hypervisor.decrease_memory_load(self._ram)
        self._ram = ram
        self._hypervisor.increase_memory_load(ram)

    @property
    def nvram(self):
        """
        Returns the mount of NVRAM allocated to this router.

        :returns: amount of NVRAM in Kbytes (integer)
        """

        return self._nvram

    @nvram.setter
    def nvram(self, nvram):
        """
        Sets amount of NVRAM allocated to this router

        :param nvram: amount of NVRAM in Kbytes (integer)
        """

        if self._nvram == nvram:
            return

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_nvram {name} {nvram}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                   nvram=nvram))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: NVRAM updated from {old_nvram}KB to {new_nvram}KB".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                     id=self._id,
                                                                                                     old_nvram=self._nvram,
                                                                                                     new_nvram=nvram))
        self._nvram = nvram

    @property
    def mmap(self):
        """
        Returns True if a mapped file is used to simulate this router memory.

        :returns: boolean either mmap is activated or not
        """

        return self._mmap

    @mmap.setter
    def mmap(self, mmap):
        """
        Enable/Disable use of a mapped file to simulate router memory.
        By default, a mapped file is used. This is a bit slower, but requires less memory.

        :param mmap: activate/deactivate mmap (boolean)
        """

        if mmap:
            flag = 1
        else:
            flag = 0
        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_ram_mmap {name} {mmap}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                     mmap=flag))

        if mmap:
            log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: mmap enabled".format(name=self._name,
                                                                    id=self._id))
        else:
            log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: mmap disabled".format(name=self._name,
                                                                     id=self._id))
        self._mmap = mmap

    @property
    def sparsemem(self):
        """
        Returns True if sparse memory is used on this router.

        :returns: boolean either mmap is activated or not
        """

        return self._sparsemem

    @sparsemem.setter
    def sparsemem(self, sparsemem):
        """
        Enable/disable use of sparse memory

        :param sparsemem: activate/deactivate sparsemem (boolean)
        """

        if sparsemem:
            flag = 1
        else:
            flag = 0
        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_sparse_mem {name} {sparsemem}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                            sparsemem=flag))

        if sparsemem:
            log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: sparse memory enabled".format(name=self._name,
                                                                             id=self._id))
        else:
            log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: sparse memory disabled".format(name=self._name,
                                                                              id=self._id))
        self._sparsemem = sparsemem

    @property
    def clock_divisor(self):
        """
        Returns the clock divisor value for this router.

        :returns: clock divisor value (integer)
        """

        return self._clock_divisor

    @clock_divisor.setter
    def clock_divisor(self, clock_divisor):
        """
        Sets the clock divisor value. The higher is the value, the faster is the clock in the
        virtual machine. The default is 4, but it is often required to adjust it.

        :param clock_divisor: clock divisor value (integer)
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_clock_divisor {name} {clock}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                           clock=clock_divisor))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: clock divisor updated from {old_clock} to {new_clock}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                         id=self._id,
                                                                                                         old_clock=self._clock_divisor,
                                                                                                         new_clock=clock_divisor))
        self._clock_divisor = clock_divisor

    @property
    def idlepc(self):
        """
        Returns the idle Pointer Counter (PC).

        :returns: idlepc value (string)
        """

        return self._idlepc

    @idlepc.setter
    def idlepc(self, idlepc):
        """
        Sets the idle Pointer Counter (PC)

        :param idlepc: idlepc value (string)
        """

        if not self.is_running():
            # router is not running
            self._hypervisor.send("vm set_idle_pc {name} {idlepc}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                          idlepc=idlepc))
        else:
            self._hypervisor.send("vm set_idle_pc_online {name} 0 {idlepc}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                   idlepc=idlepc))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: idle-PC set to {idlepc}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                           id=self._id,
                                                                           idlepc=idlepc))

        self._idlepc = idlepc

    def get_idle_pc_prop(self):
        """
        Gets the idle PC proposals.
        Takes 1000 measurements and records up to 10 idle PC proposals.
        There is a 10ms wait between each measurement.

        :returns: list of idle PC proposal
        """

        if not self.is_running():
            # router is not running
            raise DynamipsError("router {name} is not running".format(name=self._name))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}] has started calculating idle-pc values".format(name=self._name, id=self._id))
        begin = time.time()
        idlepcs = self._hypervisor.send("vm get_idle_pc_prop {} 0".format(self._name))
        log.info("router {name} [id={id}] has finished calculating idle-pc values after {time:.4f} seconds".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                                   id=self._id,
                                                                                                                   time=time.time() - begin))
        return idlepcs

    def show_idle_pc_prop(self):
        """
        Dumps the idle PC proposals (previously generated).

        :returns: list of idle PC proposal
        """

        if not self.is_running():
            # router is not running
            raise DynamipsError("router {name} is not running".format(name=self._name))

        return self._hypervisor.send("vm show_idle_pc_prop {} 0".format(self._name))

    @property
    def idlemax(self):
        """
        Returns CPU idle max value.

        :returns: idle max (integer)
        """

        return self._idlemax

    @idlemax.setter
    def idlemax(self, idlemax):
        """
        Sets CPU idle max value

        :param idlemax: idle max value (integer)
        """

        if self.is_running():  # router is running
            self._hypervisor.send("vm set_idle_max {name} 0 {idlemax}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                              idlemax=idlemax))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: idlemax updated from {old_idlemax} to {new_idlemax}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                       id=self._id,
                                                                                                       old_idlemax=self._idlemax,
                                                                                                       new_idlemax=idlemax))

        self._idlemax = idlemax

    @property
    def idlesleep(self):
        """
        Returns CPU idle sleep time value.

        :returns: idle sleep (integer)
        """

        return self._idlesleep

    @idlesleep.setter
    def idlesleep(self, idlesleep):
        """
        Sets CPU idle sleep time value.

        :param idlesleep: idle sleep value (integer)
        """

        if self.is_running():  # router is running
            self._hypervisor.send("vm set_idle_sleep_time {name} 0 {idlesleep}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                       idlesleep=idlesleep))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: idlesleep updated from {old_idlesleep} to {new_idlesleep}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                             id=self._id,
                                                                                                             old_idlesleep=self._idlesleep,
                                                                                                             new_idlesleep=idlesleep))

        self._idlesleep = idlesleep

    def show_timer_drift(self):
        """
        Shows info about potential timer drift.

        :returns: timer drift info.
        """

        return self._hypervisor.send("vm show_timer_drift {} 0".format(self._name))

    @property
    def ghost_file(self):
        """
        Returns ghost RAM file.

        :returns: path to ghost file
        """

        return self._ghost_file

    @ghost_file.setter
    def ghost_file(self, ghost_file):
        """
        Sets ghost RAM file

        :ghost_file: path to ghost file
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_ghost_file {name} {ghost_file}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                             ghost_file=ghost_file))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: ghost file set to {ghost_file}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                  id=self._id,
                                                                                  ghost_file=ghost_file))

        self._ghost_file = ghost_file

        # if this is a ghost instance, track this as a hosted ghost instance by this hypervisor
        if self.ghost_status == 1:
            self._hypervisor.add_ghost(ghost_file, self)

    def formatted_ghost_file(self):
        """
        Returns a properly formatted ghost file name.

        :returns: formatted ghost_file name (string)
        """

        # replace specials characters in 'drive:\filename' in Linux and Dynamips in MS Windows or viceversa.
        ghost_file = "{}-{}.ghost".format(os.path.basename(self._image), self._ram)
        ghost_file = ghost_file.replace('\\', '-').replace('/', '-').replace(':', '-')
        return ghost_file

    @property
    def ghost_status(self):
        """Returns ghost RAM status

        :returns: ghost status (integer)
        """

        return self._ghost_status

    @ghost_status.setter
    def ghost_status(self, ghost_status):
        """
        Sets ghost RAM status

        :param ghost_status: state flag indicating status
        0 => Do not use IOS ghosting
        1 => This is a ghost instance
        2 => Use an existing ghost instance
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_ghost_status {name} {ghost_status}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                 ghost_status=ghost_status))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: ghost status set to {ghost_status}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                      id=self._id,
                                                                                      ghost_status=ghost_status))
        self._ghost_status = ghost_status

    @property
    def exec_area(self):
        """
        Returns the exec area value.

        :returns: exec area value (integer)
        """

        return self._exec_area

    @exec_area.setter
    def exec_area(self, exec_area):
        """
        Sets the exec area value.
        The exec area is a pool of host memory used to store pages
        translated by the JIT (they contain the native code
        corresponding to MIPS code pages).

        :param excec_area: exec area value (integer)
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_exec_area {name} {exec_area}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                           exec_area=exec_area))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: exec area updated from {old_exec}MB to {new_exec}MB".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                       id=self._id,
                                                                                                       old_exec=self._exec_area,
                                                                                                       new_exec=exec_area))
        self._exec_area = exec_area

    @property
    def disk0(self):
        """
        Returns the size (MB) for PCMCIA disk0.

        :returns: disk0 size (integer)
        """

        return self._disk0

    @disk0.setter
    def disk0(self, disk0):
        """
        Sets the size (MB) for PCMCIA disk0.

        :param disk0: disk0 size (integer)
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_disk0 {name} {disk0}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                   disk0=disk0))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: disk0 updated from {old_disk0}MB to {new_disk0}MB".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                     id=self._id,
                                                                                                     old_disk0=self._disk0,
                                                                                                     new_disk0=disk0))
        self._disk0 = disk0

    @property
    def disk1(self):
        """
        Returns the size (MB) for PCMCIA disk1.

        :returns: disk1 size (integer)
        """

        return self._disk1

    @disk1.setter
    def disk1(self, disk1):
        """
        Sets the size (MB) for PCMCIA disk1.

        :param disk1: disk1 size (integer)
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_disk1 {name} {disk1}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                   disk1=disk1))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: disk1 updated from {old_disk1}MB to {new_disk1}MB".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                     id=self._id,
                                                                                                     old_disk1=self._disk1,
                                                                                                     new_disk1=disk1))
        self._disk1 = disk1

    @property
    def confreg(self):
        """
        Returns the configuration register.
        The default is 0x2102.

        :returns: configuration register value (string)
        """

        return self._confreg

    @confreg.setter
    def confreg(self, confreg):
        """
        Sets the configuration register.

        :param confreg: configuration register value (string)
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_conf_reg {name} {confreg}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                        confreg=confreg))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: confreg updated from {old_confreg} to {new_confreg}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                       id=self._id,
                                                                                                       old_confreg=self._confreg,
                                                                                                       new_confreg=confreg))
        self._confreg = confreg

    @property
    def console(self):
        """
        Returns the TCP console port.

        :returns: console port (integer)
        """

        return self._console

    @console.setter
    def console(self, console):
        """
        Sets the TCP console port.

        :param console: console port (integer)
        """

        if console == self._console:
            return

        if console in self._allocated_console_ports:
            raise DynamipsError("Console port {} is already used by another router".format(console))

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_con_tcp_port {name} {console}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                            console=console))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: console port updated from {old_console} to {new_console}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                            id=self._id,
                                                                                                            old_console=self._console,
                                                                                                            new_console=console))
        self._allocated_console_ports.remove(self._console)
        self._console = console
        self._allocated_console_ports.append(self._console)

    @property
    def aux(self):
        """
        Returns the TCP auxiliary port.

        :returns: console auxiliary port (integer)
        """

        return self._aux

    @aux.setter
    def aux(self, aux):
        """
        Sets the TCP auxiliary port.

        :param aux: console auxiliary port (integer)
        """

        if aux == self._aux:
            return

        if aux in self._allocated_aux_ports:
            raise DynamipsError("Auxiliary console port {} is already used by another router".format(aux))

        self._hypervisor.send("vm set_aux_tcp_port {name} {aux}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                        aux=aux))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: aux port updated from {old_aux} to {new_aux}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                id=self._id,
                                                                                                old_aux=self._aux,
                                                                                                new_aux=aux))

        self._allocated_aux_ports.remove(self._aux)
        self._aux = aux
        self._allocated_aux_ports.append(self._aux)

    def get_cpu_info(self, cpu_id=0):
        """
        Shows info about the CPU identified by cpu_id.
        The boot CPU (which is typically the only CPU) has ID 0.

        :returns: ? (could not test)
        """

        #  FIXME: nothing returned by Dynamips.
        return self._hypervisor.send("vm cpu_info {name} {cpu_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                          cpu_id=cpu_id))

    def get_cpu_usage(self, cpu_id=0):
        """
        Shows cpu usage in seconds, "cpu_id" is ignored.

        :returns: cpu usage in seconds
        """

        return int(self._hypervisor.send("vm cpu_usage {name} {cpu_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                               cpu_id=cpu_id))[0])

    def send_console_msg(self, message):
        """
        Sends a message to the console.

        :param message: message to send to the console
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm send_con_msg {name} {message}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                        message=message))

    def send_aux_msg(self, message):
        """
        Sends a message to the auxiliary console.

        :param message: message to send to the auxiliary console
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("vm send_aux_msg {name} {message}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                        message=message))

    @property
    def mac_addr(self):
        """
        Returns the MAC address.

        :returns: the MAC address (hexadecimal format: hh:hh:hh:hh:hh:hh)
        """

        return self._mac_addr

    @mac_addr.setter
    def mac_addr(self, mac_addr):
        """
        Sets the MAC address.

        :param mac_addr: a MAC address (hexadecimal format: hh:hh:hh:hh:hh:hh)
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("{platform} set_mac_addr {name} {mac_addr}".format(platform=self._platform,
                                                                                 name=self._name,
                                                                                 mac_addr=mac_addr))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: MAC address updated from {old_mac} to {new_mac}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                   id=self._id,
                                                                                                   old_mac=self._mac_addr,
                                                                                                   new_mac=mac_addr))
        self._mac_addr = mac_addr

    @property
    def system_id(self):
        """
        Returns the system ID.

        :returns: the system ID (also called board processor ID)
        """

        return self._system_id

    @system_id.setter
    def system_id(self, system_id):
        """
        Sets the system ID.

        :param system_id: a system ID (also called board processor ID)
        """

        self._hypervisor.send("{platform} set_system_id {name} {system_id}".format(platform=self._platform,
                                                                                   name=self._name,
                                                                                   system_id=system_id))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: system ID updated from {old_id} to {new_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                               id=self._id,
                                                                                               old_id=self._system_id,
                                                                                               new_id=system_id))
        self._system_id = system_id

    def get_hardware_info(self):
        """
        Get some hardware info about this router.

        :returns: ? (could not test)
        """

        # FIXME: nothing returned by Dynamips.
        return (self._hypervisor.send("{platform} show_hardware {name}".format(platform=self._platform,
                                                                               name=self._name)))

    def get_slot_bindings(self):
        """
        Returns slot bindings.

        :returns: slot bindings (adapter names) list
        """

        return (self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_bindings {}".format(self._name)))

    def slot_add_binding(self, slot_id, adapter):
        """
        Adds a slot binding (a module into a slot).

        :param slot_id: slot ID
        :param adapter: device to add in the corresponding slot
        """

        try:
            slot = self._slots[slot_id]
        except IndexError:
            raise DynamipsError("Slot {slot_id} doesn't exist on router {name}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                       slot_id=slot_id))

        if slot != None:
            current_adapter = slot
            raise DynamipsError("Slot {slot_id} is already occupied by adapter {adapter} on router {name}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                                  slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                                                  adapter=current_adapter))

        # Only c7200, c3600 and c3745 (NM-4T only) support new adapter while running
        if self.is_running() and not (self._platform == 'c7200' \
        and not (self._platform == 'c3600' and self.chassis == '3660') \
        and not (self._platform == 'c3745' and adapter == 'NM-4T')):
            raise DynamipsError("Adapter {adapter} cannot be added while router {name} is running".format(adapter=adapter,
                                                                                                          name=self._name))

        self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_add_binding {name} {slot_id} 0 {adapter}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                        slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                        adapter=adapter))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: adapter {adapter} inserted into slot {slot_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                  id=self._id,
                                                                                                  adapter=adapter,
                                                                                                  slot_id=slot_id))

        self._slots[slot_id] = adapter

        # Generate an OIR event if the router is running
        if self.is_running():

            self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_oir_start {name} {slot_id} 0".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                slot_id=slot_id))

            log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: OIR start event sent to slot {slot_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                              id=self._id,
                                                                                              slot_id=slot_id))

    def slot_remove_binding(self, slot_id):
        """
        Removes a slot binding (a module from a slot).

        :param slot_id: slot ID
        """

        try:
            adapter = self._slots[slot_id]
        except IndexError:
            raise DynamipsError("Slot {slot_id} doesn't exist on router {name}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                       slot_id=slot_id))

        if adapter == None:
            raise DynamipsError("No adapter in slot {slot_id} on router {name}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                       slot_id=slot_id))

        # Only c7200, c3600 and c3745 (NM-4T only) support to remove adapter while running
        if self.is_running() and not (self._platform == 'c7200' \
        and not (self._platform == 'c3600' and self.chassis == '3660') \
        and not (self._platform == 'c3745' and adapter == 'NM-4T')):
            raise DynamipsError("Adapter {adapter} cannot be removed while router {name} is running".format(adapter=adapter,
                                                                                                            name=self._name))

        # Generate an OIR event if the router is running
        if self.is_running():

            self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_oir_stop {name} {slot_id} 0".format(name=self._name,
                                                                               slot_id=slot_id))

            log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: OIR stop event sent to slot {slot_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                             id=self._id,
                                                                                             slot_id=slot_id))

        self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_remove_binding {name} {slot_id} 0".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                 slot_id=slot_id))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: adapter {adapter} removed from slot {slot_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                 id=self._id,
                                                                                                 adapter=adapter,
                                                                                                 slot_id=slot_id))
        self._slots[slot_id] = None

    def install_wic(self, wic_slot_id, wic):
        """
        Installs a WIC adapter into this router.

        :param wic_slot_id: WIC slot ID
        :param wic: WIC to be installed
        """

        # WICs are always installed on adapters in slot 0
        slot_id = 0

        # Do not check if slot has an adapter because adapters with WICs interfaces
        # must be inserted by default in the router and cannot be removed.
        adapter = self._slots[slot_id]

        if wic_slot_id > len(adapter.wics) - 1:
            raise DynamipsError("WIC slot {wic_slot_id} doesn't exist".format(name=self._name,
                                                                              wic_slot_id=wic_slot_id))

        if not adapter.wic_slot_available(wic_slot_id):
            raise DynamipsError("WIC slot {wic_slot_id} is already occupied by another WIC".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                   wic_slot_id=wic_slot_id))

        # Dynamips WICs slot IDs start on a multiple of 16
        # WIC1 = 16, WIC2 = 32 and WIC3 = 48
        internal_wic_slot_id = 16 * (wic_slot_id + 1)
        self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_add_binding {name} {slot_id} {wic_slot_id} {wic}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                                wic_slot_id=internal_wic_slot_id,
                                                                                                wic=wic))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: {wic} inserted into WIC slot {wic_slot_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                              id=self._id,
                                                                                              wic=wic,
                                                                                              wic_slot_id=wic_slot_id))

        adapter.install_wic(wic_slot_id, wic)

    def uninstall_wic(self, wic_slot_id):
        """
        Uninstalls a WIC adapter from this router.

        :param wic_slot_id: WIC slot ID
        """

        # WICs are always installed on adapters in slot 0
        slot_id = 0

        # Do not check if slot has an adapter because adapters with WICs interfaces
        # must be inserted by default in the router and cannot be removed.
        adapter = self._slots[slot_id]

        if wic_slot_id > len(adapter.wics) - 1:
            raise DynamipsError("WIC slot {wic_slot_id} doesn't exist".format(name=self._name,
                                                                              wic_slot_id=wic_slot_id))

        if adapter.wic_slot_available(wic_slot_id):
            raise DynamipsError("No WIC is installed in WIC slot {wic_slot_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                       wic_slot_id=wic_slot_id))
        # Dynamips WICs slot IDs start on a multiple of 16
        # WIC1 = 16, WIC2 = 32 and WIC3 = 48
        internal_wic_slot_id = 16 * (wic_slot_id + 1)
        self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_remove_binding {name} {slot_id} {wic_slot_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                         slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                         wic_slot_id=internal_wic_slot_id))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: {wic} removed from WIC slot {wic_slot_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                             id=self._id,
                                                                                             wic=adapter.wics[wic_slot_id],
                                                                                             wic_slot_id=wic_slot_id))
        adapter.uninstall_wic(wic_slot_id)

    def get_slot_nio_bindings(self, slot_id):
        """
        Returns slot NIO bindings.

        :param slot_id: slot ID

        :returns: list of NIO bindings
        """

        return (self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_nio_bindings {name} {slot_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                     slot_id=slot_id)))

    def slot_add_nio_binding(self, slot_id, port_id, nio):
        """
        Adds a slot NIO binding.

        :param slot_id: slot ID
        :param port_id: port ID
        :param nio: NIO instance to add to the slot/port
        """

        try:
            adapter = self._slots[slot_id]
        except IndexError:
            raise DynamipsError("Slot {slot_id} doesn't exist on router {name}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                       slot_id=slot_id))
        if not adapter.port_exists(port_id):
            raise DynamipsError("Port {port_id} doesn't exist in adapter {adapter}".format(adapter=adapter,
                                                                                           port_id=port_id))

        self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_add_nio_binding {name} {slot_id} {port_id} {nio}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                                port_id=port_id,
                                                                                                nio=nio))

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: NIO {nio_name} bound to port {slot_id}/{port_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                    id=self._id,
                                                                                                    nio_name=nio.name,
                                                                                                    slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                                    port_id=port_id))

        self.slot_enable_nio(slot_id, port_id)
        adapter.add_nio(port_id, nio)

    def slot_remove_nio_binding(self, slot_id, port_id):
        """
        Removes a slot NIO binding.

        :param slot_id: slot ID
        :param port_id: port ID

        :returns: removed NIO instance
        """

        try:
            adapter = self._slots[slot_id]
        except IndexError:
            raise DynamipsError("Slot {slot_id} doesn't exist on router {name}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                       slot_id=slot_id))
        if not adapter.port_exists(port_id):
            raise DynamipsError("Port {port_id} doesn't exist in adapter {adapter}".format(adapter=adapter,
                                                                                           port_id=port_id))

        self.slot_disable_nio(slot_id, port_id)
        self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_remove_nio_binding {name} {slot_id} {port_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                             slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                             port_id=port_id))

        nio = adapter.get_nio(port_id)
        adapter.remove_nio(port_id)

        log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: NIO {nio_name} removed from port {slot_id}/{port_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                        id=self._id,
                                                                                                        nio_name=nio.name,
                                                                                                        slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                                        port_id=port_id))

        return nio

    def slot_enable_nio(self, slot_id, port_id):
        """
        Enables a slot NIO binding.

        :param slot_id: slot ID
        :param port_id: port ID
        """

        if self.is_running():  # running router
            self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_enable_nio {name} {slot_id} {port_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                         slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                         port_id=port_id))

            log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: NIO enabled on port {slot_id}/{port_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                               id=self._id,
                                                                                               slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                               port_id=port_id))

    def slot_disable_nio(self, slot_id, port_id):
        """
        Disables a slot NIO binding.

        :param slot_id: slot ID
        :param port_id: port ID
        """

        if self.is_running():  # running router
            self._hypervisor.send("vm slot_disable_nio {name} {slot_id} {port_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                          slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                          port_id=port_id))

            log.info("router {name} [id={id}]: NIO disabled on port {slot_id}/{port_id}".format(name=self._name,
                                                                                                id=self._id,
                                                                                                slot_id=slot_id,
                                                                                                port_id=port_id))

    def _create_slots(self, numslots):
        """
        Creates the appropriate number of slots for this router.

        :param numslots: number of slots to create
        """

        self._slots = numslots * [None]

    @property
    def slots(self):
        """
        Returns the slots for this router.

        :return: slot list
        """

        return self._slots