mirror of
https://github.com/genodelabs/genode.git
synced 2024-12-29 18:18:54 +00:00
461 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
461 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
|
|
|
|
==========================
|
|
Genode components overview
|
|
==========================
|
|
|
|
Norman Feske
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
########
|
|
|
|
Genode comes with a growing number of components apparently scattered across
|
|
various repositories. This document provides an overview of these components
|
|
and outlines the systematics behind them.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Categorization of components
|
|
############################
|
|
|
|
Genode components usually fall into one of four categories, namely device
|
|
drivers, resource multiplexers, protocol stacks, and applications. Each
|
|
of them is briefly characterized as follows:
|
|
|
|
:Device drivers: translate hardware resources into device-independent
|
|
session interfaces. Naturally, a device driver is specific to a
|
|
particular hardware platform. The hardware resources are accessed
|
|
via core's IO_MEM, IO_PORT, and IRQ services. The functionality of
|
|
the driver is made available to other system components by announcing
|
|
one of Genode's device-independent session interfaces, which are
|
|
'pci_session', 'framebuffer_session', 'input_session', 'block_session',
|
|
'audio_out_session', 'log_session', 'nic_session', and 'timer_session'
|
|
(see 'os/include/' for the interface definitions). Those interfaces are
|
|
uniform across hardware platforms and kernel base platforms. Usually,
|
|
each device driver can accommodate only one client at a time.
|
|
|
|
:Resource multiplexers: provide mechanisms to multiplex device resources
|
|
to multiple clients. A typical resource multiplexer requests one
|
|
of Genode's device-independent session interface (usually connected
|
|
to a device driver) and, in turn, announces a service of the same kind.
|
|
However, in contrast to a device driver, a resource multiplexer is able
|
|
to serve more than one client at the same time.
|
|
|
|
:Protocol stacks: translate low-level interfaces to higher-level
|
|
interfaces (or sometimes vice versa). Typically, a protocol stack comes
|
|
in the form of a library, which uses a device-independent session
|
|
interface as back end and provides a high-level library interface as
|
|
front end. However, protocol stacks also exist in the form of
|
|
distinct components that implement translations between different
|
|
session interfaces.
|
|
|
|
:Applications: implement functionality using APIs as provided by
|
|
protocol stacks.
|
|
|
|
:Runtime environments: enable existing 3rd-party software to be executed
|
|
as a Genode sub systems.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Device drivers
|
|
##############
|
|
|
|
Device drivers usually reside in the 'src/drivers' subdirectory of source-code
|
|
repositories. The most predominant repositories hosting device drivers are
|
|
'os', 'linux_drivers', 'dde_ipxe', 'dde_linux'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Platform devices
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/pci':
|
|
Implements the PCI-session interface using the PCI controller as found on
|
|
x86 PC hardware. Using this interface, a client can probe for a particular
|
|
device and request information about physical device resources (using the
|
|
'pci_device' interface). These information are subsequently used to request
|
|
respective IO_MEM, IRQ, and IO_PORT sessions at core.
|
|
|
|
|
|
UART devices
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
The UART device drivers implement the UART-session interface.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/uart/pl011':
|
|
Driver for the PL011 UART as found on many ARM-based platforms.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/uart/i8250':
|
|
Driver for the i8250 UART as found on PC hardware.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Framebuffer and input drivers
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
Framebuffer and input drivers implement the framebuffer-session interface and
|
|
input-session interfaces respectively.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/input/dummy':
|
|
Pseudo input driver without accessing any hardware. This component is useful
|
|
to resolve a dependency from an input session for scenarios where no user
|
|
input is required.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/input/fiasco_ux':
|
|
Driver for the virtual hardware provided by the user-mode version of the
|
|
Fiasco kernel.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/input/ps2/x86':
|
|
Driver for the 'i8042' PS/2 controller as found in x86 PCs. It supports both
|
|
mouse (including ImPS/2, ExPS/2) and keyboard.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/input/ps2/pl050':
|
|
Driver for the PL050 PS/2 controller as found on ARM platforms such as
|
|
VersatilePB. The physical base address used by the driver is obtained at
|
|
compile time from a header file called 'pl050_defs.h'. The version of the
|
|
VersatilePB platform can be found at 'os/include/platform/vpb926/' and
|
|
is made available to the driver via the SPECS machinery of the Genode build
|
|
system.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/framebuffer/vesa':
|
|
Driver using VESA mode setting on x86 PCs. For more information, please refer
|
|
to the README file in the driver directory.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/framebuffer/pl11x':
|
|
Driver for the PL110/PL111 LCD display.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/framebuffer/sdl':
|
|
Serves as both framebuffer and input driver on Linux using libSDL. This
|
|
driver is only usable on the Linux base platform.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/framebuffer/fiasco_ux':
|
|
Driver for the virtual framebuffer device provided by the user-mode Fiasco
|
|
kernel.
|
|
|
|
:'dde_linux/src/drivers/usb':
|
|
USB driver that makes USB HID and USB storage devices available as input
|
|
sessions and block session respectively. For examples of using this driver,
|
|
refer to the run scripts at 'dde_linux/run/usb_hid' and
|
|
'dde_linux/run/usb_storage'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Timer drivers
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
All timer drivers implement the timer-session interface. Technically, a timer
|
|
driver is both a device driver (accessing a timer device) and a resource
|
|
multiplexer (supporting multiple timer-session clients at the same time). The
|
|
timer implementations differ in their use of different time sources and the
|
|
mode of internal operation of the timer sessions. Time sources are either
|
|
hardware timers, a time source provided by the kernel, or a pseudo time source
|
|
(busy).
|
|
|
|
The internal operation of the timer session depends on the kernel. On kernels
|
|
with support for out-of-order RPCs, all timer sessions are handled by a single
|
|
thread. Otherwise, each timer session uses a dedicated thread.
|
|
|
|
:'timer/nova': PIT as time source, multi-threaded
|
|
:'timer/codezero': busy time source, single-threaded
|
|
:'timer/okl4_arm': busy time source, single-threaded
|
|
:'timer/okl4_x86': PIT as time source, single-threaded
|
|
:'timer/foc': IPC timeout as time source, multi-threaded
|
|
:'timer/fiasco': IPC timeout as time source, single-threaded
|
|
:'timer/pistachio': IPC timeout as time source, single-threaded
|
|
:'timer/linux': nanosleep as time source, single-threaded
|
|
|
|
|
|
Audio output drivers
|
|
====================
|
|
|
|
All audio-output drivers implement the audio session interface defined at
|
|
'os/include/audio_out_session/'.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/audio_out/linux':
|
|
Uses ALSA as back-end on the Linux base platform.
|
|
|
|
:'dde_oss/src/drivers/oss':
|
|
Sound drivers for the most common PC sound hardware, ported from the
|
|
Open Sound System project.
|
|
|
|
:'linux_drivers/src/drivers/audio_out':
|
|
Sound drivers for the most common PC sound hardware, ported from the Linux
|
|
kernel.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block drivers
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
All block drivers implement the block-session interface defined at
|
|
'os/include/block_session/'.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/atapi':
|
|
Driver for ATAPI CD-ROM devices on x86 PCs.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/sd_card':
|
|
Driver for SD-cards connected via the PL180 device as found on the PBX-A9
|
|
platform.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/sd_card/omap4':
|
|
Driver for SD-cards connected to the SD-card controller of the OMAP4 SoC.
|
|
|
|
:'linux_drivers/src/drivers/usb':
|
|
USB driver that makes USB storage devices available as block sessions.
|
|
For an example of using this driver, refer to the run script at
|
|
'linux_drivers/run/usb_storage'.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/ahci':
|
|
Driver for SATA disks on x86 PCs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Network interface drivers
|
|
=========================
|
|
|
|
All network interface drivers implement the NIC session interface
|
|
defined at 'os/include/nic_session'.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/nic/linux':
|
|
Driver that uses a Linux tap device as back end. It is only useful on the
|
|
Linux base platform.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/nic/lan9118':
|
|
Native device driver for the LAN9118 network adaptor as featured on the
|
|
PBX-A9 platform.
|
|
|
|
:'dde_ipxe/src/drivers/nic':
|
|
Device drivers ported from the iPXE project. Supported devices are Intel
|
|
E1000 and pcnet32.
|
|
|
|
:'linux_drivers/src/drivers/madwifi':
|
|
The MadWifi wireless stack ported from the Linux kernel.
|
|
|
|
:'dde_linux/src/drivers/usb':
|
|
For the OMAP4 platform, the USB driver contains the networking driver.
|
|
|
|
|
|
General-purpose I/O drivers
|
|
===========================
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/drivers/gpio/omap4':
|
|
Driver for accessing the GPIO pins of OMAP4 platforms.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resource multiplexers
|
|
#####################
|
|
|
|
By convention, resource multiplexers are located at the 'src/server'
|
|
subdirectory of a source repository.
|
|
|
|
:Framebuffer and input: The framebuffer and input session interfaces can be
|
|
multiplexed using the Nitpicker GUI server, which allows multiple clients to
|
|
create and manage rectangular areas on screen. Nitpicker uses one input
|
|
session and one framebuffer session as back end and, in turn, provides
|
|
so-called nitpicker sessions to one or multiple clients. Each nitpicker
|
|
session contains a virtual framebuffer and a virtual input session. Nitpicker
|
|
(including a README file) is located at 'os/src/server/nitpicker'.
|
|
|
|
:Audio output: The audio mixer located at 'os/src/server/mixer' enables
|
|
multiple clients to use the audio-out interface. The mixing is done by simply
|
|
adding and clamping the signals of all present clients.
|
|
|
|
:Networking: The NIC bridge located at 'os/src/server/nic_bridge' multiplexes
|
|
one NIC session to multiple virtual NIC sessions using a proxy-ARP
|
|
implementation. Each client has to obtain a dedicated IP address visible to
|
|
the physical network. DHCP requests originating from the virtual NIC sessions
|
|
are delegated to the physical network.
|
|
|
|
:Block: The block-device partition server at 'os/src/server/part_blk' reads
|
|
the partition table of a block session and exports each partition found as
|
|
separate block session. For using this server, please refer to the run
|
|
script at 'os/run/part_blk'.
|
|
|
|
:File system: The FFAT file-system service allows multiple clients to
|
|
concurrently access the same FFAT-formatted block device. It is located
|
|
at 'libports/src/server/ffat_fs'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Protocol stacks
|
|
###############
|
|
|
|
Protocol stacks come either in the form of separate components that translate
|
|
one session interface to another, or in the form of libraries.
|
|
|
|
Separate components:
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/nit_fb':
|
|
Translates a nitpicker session to a pair of framebuffer and input sessions.
|
|
Each 'nit_fb' instance is visible as a rectangular area on screen presenting
|
|
a virtual frame buffer. The area is statically positioned. For more
|
|
information, please refer to 'os/src/server/nit_fb/README'.
|
|
|
|
:'demo/src/server/liquid_framebuffer':
|
|
Implements the same translation as 'nit_fb' but by presenting an interactive
|
|
window rather than a statically positioned screen area.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/tar_rom':
|
|
Provides each file contained in a tar file obtained via Genode's ROM session
|
|
as separate ROM session.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/iso9660':
|
|
Provides each file of an ISO9660 file system accessed via a block session as
|
|
separate ROM session.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/ram_fs':
|
|
A file-system implementation that keeps all data in memory.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/tar_fs':
|
|
A read-only file-system implementation that reads data from a TAR archive,
|
|
which, in turn, is provided by a ROM service.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/rom_loopdev':
|
|
Provides the content of a ROM file as a block session, similar to the
|
|
loop-mount mechanism on Linux
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/terminal_log':
|
|
Adapter for forwarding LOG messages to a terminal session.
|
|
|
|
:'demo/src/server/nitlog':
|
|
Provides a LOG session, printing log output on screen via a nitpicker
|
|
session.
|
|
|
|
:'gems/src/server/terminal':
|
|
Provides a terminal session via a graphical terminal using a framebuffer
|
|
session and an input session.
|
|
|
|
:'gems/src/server/tcp_terminal':
|
|
Provides one or multiple terminal sessions over TCP connections.
|
|
For further information, refer to 'gems/src/server/tcp_terminal/README'.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/terminal_crosslink':
|
|
The terminal crosslink service allows to terminal clients to talk to each
|
|
other.
|
|
|
|
:'gems/src/server/http_block':
|
|
A block service that fetches a virtual block device over the network from
|
|
a HTTP server.
|
|
|
|
Libraries:
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/libc':
|
|
C runtime ported from FreeBSD.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/libc_log':
|
|
Redirects the standard output of the libc to Genode's LOG session interface.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/libc_lwip_nic_dhcp':
|
|
Translates the BSD socket API to a NIC session using the lwIP stack.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/libc_fs':
|
|
Allows libc-using programs to access the Genode file-system infrastructure
|
|
using the POSIX file API.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/libc_terminal':
|
|
Connects the standard input and output from/to Genode's terminal session
|
|
interface.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/stdcxx':
|
|
Standard C++ library
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/gallium' + 'linux_drivers/lib/mk/gpu_i915_drv':
|
|
Translates the OpenGL API to a framebuffer session using the MESA OpenGL
|
|
stack and the Intel GEM GPU driver.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/pthread':
|
|
Subset of the POSIX thread and semaphore API.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/python':
|
|
Runtime of the Python scripting language.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/mupdf':
|
|
PDF rendering engine.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/sdl':
|
|
Translates the libSDL API to framebuffer and input sessions.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/ncurses':
|
|
Library for implementing pseudo-graphical applications (i.e., VIM) that
|
|
run on a text terminal.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/avcodec':
|
|
A library for video decoding, conversion, and streaming.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/lua':
|
|
Runtime for the Lua scripting language.
|
|
|
|
:'qt4':
|
|
Qt4 framework, using nitpicker session and NIC session as back end.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Applications
|
|
############
|
|
|
|
Applications are Genode components that use other component's services but
|
|
usually do not provide services. They are typically located in the 'src/app/'
|
|
subdirectory of a repository. Most applications come with README files
|
|
located in their respective directory.
|
|
|
|
:'demo/src/app/backdrop':
|
|
Nitpicker client application that sets a PNG image as desktop background.
|
|
|
|
:'demo/src/app/launchpad':
|
|
Graphical application for interactively starting and killing subsystems.
|
|
|
|
:'demo/src/app/scout':
|
|
Graphical hypertext browser used for Genode's default demonstration scenario.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/src/app/eglgears':
|
|
Example program for using OpenGL via the Gallium3D graphics stack.
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/app/arora':
|
|
Arora is a Qt4-based web browser using the Webkit engine.
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/app/gdb_monitor':
|
|
Application that allows the debugging of a process via GDB over a remote
|
|
connection.
|
|
|
|
:'qt4/src/app/qt_launchpad':
|
|
Graphical application starter implemented using Qt4.
|
|
|
|
:'qt4/src/app/examples/':
|
|
Several example applications that come with Qt4.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/app/xvfb':
|
|
Is a proxy application that enables the integration of a virtual X server
|
|
into a Nitpicker session on the Linux base platform.
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/noux-pkg':
|
|
Ports of popular commandline-based Unix software such as VIM, bash,
|
|
coreutils, binutils, gcc, findutils, and netcat. The programs are supposed
|
|
to be executed within the Noux runtime environment.
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/app/lighttpd':
|
|
Lighttpd is a fast and feature-rich web server. The port of lighttpd uses
|
|
a file-system session to access the website content and the web-server
|
|
configuration.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Runtime environments
|
|
####################
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/noux': Noux is an experimental implementation of a UNIX-like API
|
|
that enables the use of unmodified command-line based GNU software. For using
|
|
noux, refer to the run script 'ports/run/noux.run'.
|
|
|
|
:'ports-okl4/src/oklinux': OKLinux is a paravirtualized Linux kernel that
|
|
enables the use of Linux-based OSes as subsystems on the OKL4 kernel. For
|
|
using OKLinux, refer to the run script 'ports-okl4/run/lx_block.run'.
|
|
|
|
:'ports-foc/src/l4linux': L4Linux is a paravirtualized Linux kernel that
|
|
enables the use of Linux-based OSes as subsystems on the Fiasco.OC kernel.
|
|
For using L4Linux, refer to the run script 'ports-foc/run/l4linux.run'.
|
|
|
|
:'ports-foc/src/l4android': L4Android is a variant of L4Linux that is able
|
|
to execute the Android software stack on top of the Fiasco.OC kernel.
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/vancouver': Vancouver is a virtual-machine monitor developed for
|
|
the use with the NOVA platform. It virtualizes 32bit x86 PC hardware
|
|
including various peripherals. The current version is regarded as work in
|
|
progress. It is able to bootstrap one of the Fiasco or Pistachio kernels
|
|
but support for interrupts (i.e., the timer) is not yet implemented.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/loader': A service that allows the creation and destruction
|
|
of Genode subsystems via a session interface. For further information,
|
|
refer to 'os/src/server/loader/README'.
|
|
|