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650 lines
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650 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
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==========================
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Genode components overview
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==========================
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Norman Feske
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Abstract
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########
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Genode comes with a growing number of components apparently scattered across
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various repositories. This document provides an overview of these components
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and outlines the systematics behind them.
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The scope of this document is limited to the Genode main repository maintained
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by Genode Labs. Many additional components and device drivers can be found in
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the community-maintained
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[https://github.com/genodelabs/genode-world/ - Genode-World] repository.
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Categorization of components
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############################
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Genode components usually fall into one of four categories, namely device
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drivers, resource multiplexers, protocol stacks, and applications. Each
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of them is briefly characterized as follows:
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:Device drivers: translate hardware resources into device-independent
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session interfaces. Naturally, a device driver is specific to a
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particular hardware platform. The hardware resources are accessed
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via core's IO_MEM, IO_PORT, and IRQ services. The functionality of
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the driver is made available to other system components by announcing
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one of Genode's device-independent session interfaces, which are
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'platform_session', 'framebuffer_session', 'input_session', 'block_session',
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'audio_out_session', 'log_session', 'nic_session', and 'timer_session'
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(see 'os/include/' for the interface definitions). Those interfaces are
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uniform across hardware platforms and kernel base platforms. Usually,
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each device driver can accommodate only one client at a time.
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:Resource multiplexers: provide mechanisms to multiplex device resources
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to multiple clients. A typical resource multiplexer requests one
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of Genode's device-independent session interface (usually connected
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to a device driver) and, in turn, announces a service of the same kind.
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However, in contrast to a device driver, a resource multiplexer is able
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to serve more than one client at the same time.
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:Protocol stacks: translate low-level interfaces to higher-level
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interfaces (or sometimes vice versa). Typically, a protocol stack comes
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in the form of a library, which uses a device-independent session
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interface as back end and provides a high-level library interface as
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front end. However, protocol stacks also exist in the form of
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distinct components that implement translations between different
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session interfaces.
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:Applications: implement functionality using APIs as provided by
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protocol stacks.
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:Runtime environments: enable existing 3rd-party software to be executed
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as a Genode sub systems.
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Device drivers
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##############
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Device drivers usually reside in the 'src/drivers' subdirectory of source-code
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repositories. The most predominant repositories hosting device drivers are
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'os', 'dde_ipxe', 'dde_linux'.
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Platform devices
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================
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:'os/src/drivers/platform/': Platform drivers for various platforms.
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On x86, the platform driver uses the PCI controller as found on x86 PC
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hardware. A client can probe for a particular device and request information
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about physical device resources (using the 'platform_device' interface). I/O
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resources for MMIO regions, I/O ports, and interrupts can be requested by the
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provided device abstraction.
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:'os/src/drivers/acpi':
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On x86 platforms that use the APIC (namely Fiasco.OC, NOVA, and hw_x86_64)
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this simple ACPI parser traverses the ACPI tables and reports device-resource
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information (e.g., interrupt lines of PCI devices).
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:'os/src/app/smbios_decoder':
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A component that parses SMBIOS information on x86 platforms and makes the
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result available as a report.
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:'libports/src/app/acpica':
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In addition to our ACPI base driver, the acpica component uses the
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ACPICA library to provide access to dynamic functions like battery
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states, events (e.g., notebook lid close and power buttons), as well
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as reset and power off. The componenten reports ACPI events and
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states as reports and itself responds to system state changes of
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certain configuration ROMs.
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UART devices
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============
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The UART device drivers implement the UART-session interface.
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:'os/src/drivers/uart/spec/pbxa9':
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Driver for the PL011 UART as found on many ARM-based platforms.
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:'os/src/drivers/uart/spec/x86':
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Driver for the i8250 UART as found on PC hardware.
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Framebuffer and input drivers
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=============================
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Framebuffer and input drivers implement the framebuffer-session interface and
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input-session interfaces respectively.
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:'os/src/drivers/input/dummy':
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Pseudo input driver without accessing any hardware. This component is useful
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to resolve a dependency from an input session for scenarios where no user
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input is required.
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:'os/src/drivers/input/spec/ps2/x86':
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Driver for the 'i8042' PS/2 controller as found in x86 PCs. It supports both
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mouse (including ImPS/2, ExPS/2) and keyboard.
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:'os/src/drivers/input/spec/ps2/pl050':
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Driver for the PL050 PS/2 controller as found on ARM platforms such as
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VersatilePB. The physical base address used by the driver is obtained at
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compile time from a header file called 'pl050_defs.h'. The version of the
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VersatilePB platform can be found at 'os/include/platform/vpb926/' and
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is made available to the driver via the SPECS machinery of the Genode build
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system.
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:'os/src/drivers/input/spec/imx53':
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Input driver for Egalaxy touchscreen and Freescale's MPR121
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capacitative touch buttons on i.MX53.
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:'libports/src/drivers/framebuffer/vesa':
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Driver using VESA mode setting on x86 PCs. For more information, please refer
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to the README file in the driver directory.
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:'libports/src/drivers/framebuffer/boot':
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Driver for boot-time initialized framebuffers (e.g., UEFI GOP)
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discovered from the 'platform_info' ROM
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:'os/src/drivers/framebuffer/pl11x':
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Driver for the PL110/PL111 LCD display.
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:'os/src/drivers/framebuffer/spec/imx53':
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Driver for LCD output on i.MX53 SoCs.
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:'os/src/drivers/framebuffer/spec/rpi':
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Driver for the HDMI output of the Raspberry Pi.
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:'os/src/drivers/framebuffer/spec/sdl':
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Serves as both framebuffer and input driver on Linux using libSDL. This
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driver is only usable on the Linux base platform.
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:'os/src/drivers/gpu/intel':
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An experimental Intel Graphics GPU multiplexer for Broadwell and newer.
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:'dde_linux/src/drivers/framebuffer/intel':
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Framebuffer driver for Intel i915 compatible graphic cards based on
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the Linux Intel KMS driver.
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:'dde_linux/src/drivers/usb':
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USB driver that makes USB HID and USB storage devices available as input
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sessions and block session respectively. For examples of using this driver,
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refer to the run scripts at 'dde_linux/run/usb_hid' and
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'dde_linux/run/usb_storage'.
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:'dde_linux/src/drivers/usb_hid':
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USB Human Interface Device driver using the USB session interface.
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Timer drivers
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=============
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The timer driver located at 'os/src/drivers/timer' implements the timer-session
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interface. Technically, it is both a device driver (accessing a timer
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device) and a resource multiplexer (supporting multiple timer-session clients
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at the same time). Depending on the base platform, the implementation uses
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different time sources. Time sources are either hardware timers, a time source
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provided by the kernel, or a pseudo time source (busy):
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:'nova': NOVA kernel semaphores
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:'okl4_x86': Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) device
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:'foc': IPC timeout
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:'fiasco': IPC timeout
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:'pistachio': Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) device
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:'linux': nanosleep()
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:'hw': kernel timer
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:'sel4': PIT on x86, EPIT on Wandboard
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Audio drivers
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=============
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Audio drivers implement the Audio_out session interface defined at
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'os/include/audio_out_session/' for playback and optionally the audio_in
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interface for recording.
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:'os/src/drivers/audio/spec/linux':
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Uses ALSA as back-end on the Linux base platform and supports only playback.
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:'dde_bsd/src/drivers/audio':
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Sound drivers ported from OpenBSD. Currently, the repository
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includes support for Intel HD Audio as well as for Ensoniq AudioPCI
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(ES1370) compatible sound cards.
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Block drivers
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=============
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All block drivers implement the block-session interface defined at
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'os/include/block_session/'.
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:'os/src/drivers/sd_card/spec/pl180':
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Driver for SD-cards connected via the PL180 device as found on the PBX-A9
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platform.
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:'os/src/drivers/sd_card/spec/imx53':
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Driver for SD-cards connected to the Freescale i.MX53 platform like the
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Quick Start Board or the USB armory device.
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:'os/src/drivers/sd_card/spec/rpi':
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Driver for SD-cards connected to the Raspberry Pi.
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:'dde_linux/src/drivers/usb':
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USB driver that makes USB storage devices available as block sessions.
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For an example of using this driver, refer to the run script at
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'dde_linux/run/usb_storage'.
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:'os/src/drivers/ahci':
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Driver for SATA disks and CD-ROMs on x86 PCs.
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:'os/src/drivers/nvme':
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Driver for NVMe block devices on x86 PCs.
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:'os/src/drivers/usb_block':
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USB Mass Storage Bulk-Only driver using the USB session interface.
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Network interface drivers
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=========================
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All network interface drivers implement the NIC session interface
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defined at 'os/include/nic_session'.
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:'os/src/drivers/nic/spec/linux':
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Driver that uses a Linux tap device as back end. It is only useful on the
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Linux base platform.
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:'os/src/drivers/nic/spec/lan9118':
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Native device driver for the LAN9118 network adaptor as featured on the
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PBX-A9 platform.
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:'dde_ipxe/src/drivers/nic':
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Device drivers ported from the iPXE project. Supported devices are Intel
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E1000 and pcnet32.
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:'dde_linux/src/drivers/wifi':
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The wifi_drv component is a port of the Linux mac802.11 stack, including the
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iwlwifi driver. It enables the use of Intel Wireless 6xxx and 7xxx cards.
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:'dde_linux/src/drivers/usb':
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For the OMAP4 platform, the USB driver contains the networking driver.
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:'dde_linux/src/drivers/nic/fec':
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Driver for ethernet NICs of the i.MX SoC family.
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General-purpose I/O drivers
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===========================
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:'os/src/drivers/gpio/spec/imx53':
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Driver for accessing the GPIO pins of i.MX53 platforms.
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:'os/src/drivers/gpio/spec/rpi':
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Driver for accessing the GPIO pins of Raspberry Pi platforms.
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Resource multiplexers
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#####################
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By convention, resource multiplexers are located at the 'src/server'
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subdirectory of a source repository.
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:Framebuffer and input: The framebuffer and input session interfaces can be
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multiplexed using the Nitpicker GUI server, which allows multiple clients to
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create and manage rectangular areas on screen. Nitpicker uses one input
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session and one framebuffer session as back end and, in turn, provides
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so-called nitpicker sessions to one or multiple clients. Each nitpicker
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session contains a virtual framebuffer and a virtual input session. Nitpicker
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(including a README file) is located at 'os/src/server/nitpicker'.
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:Audio output: The audio mixer located at 'os/src/server/mixer' enables
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multiple clients to use the audio-out interface. The mixing is done by simply
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adding and clamping the signals of all present clients.
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:Networking: The NIC bridge located at 'os/src/server/nic_bridge' multiplexes
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one NIC session to multiple virtual NIC sessions using a proxy-ARP
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implementation. Each client has to obtain a dedicated IP address visible to
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the physical network. DHCP requests originating from the virtual NIC sessions
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are delegated to the physical network.
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The NIC router located at 'os/src/server/nic_router' multiplexes one NIC
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session to multiple virtual NIC sessions by applying network address
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translation (NAT).
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:Block: The block-device partition server at 'os/src/server/part_block' reads
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the partition table of a block session and exports each partition found as
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separate block session. For using this server, please refer to the run
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script at 'os/run/part_block'.
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:File system: The VFS file-system server allows multiple clients to
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concurrently access the same virtual file system. It is located at
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'os/src/server/vfs'. The VFS can be assembled out of several builtin
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file-system types (like a RAM file system, or pseudo file systems for
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various Genode session interfaces) as well as external plugins such as rump
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(mounting file systems supported by the NetBSD kernel).
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:Terminal: The terminal_mux service located at gems/src/server/terminal_mux
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is able to provide multiple terminal sessions over one terminal-client
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session. The user can switch between the different sessions using a keyboard
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shortcut, which brings up an ncurses-based menu.
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Protocol stacks
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###############
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Protocol stacks come either in the form of separate components that translate
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one session interface to another, or in the form of libraries.
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Separate components
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===================
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:'os/src/server/gui_fb':
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Translates a nitpicker session to a pair of framebuffer and input sessions.
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Each 'gui_fb' instance is visible as a rectangular area on screen presenting
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a virtual frame buffer. The area is statically positioned. For more
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information, please refer to 'os/src/server/gui_fb/README'.
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:'gems/src/server/wm':
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Window manager that implements the nitpicker session interface but manages
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each client view as a separate window. The window decorations are provided
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by a so-called decorator (e.g., 'gems/src/app/decorator'). The behaviour
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is defined by a so-called window layouter such as the floating window
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layouter located at 'gems/src/app/floating_window_layouter/'.
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:'demo/src/server/liquid_framebuffer':
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Implements the same translation as 'gui_fb' but by presenting an interactive
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window rather than a statically positioned screen area.
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:'os/src/server/tar_rom':
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Provides each file contained in a tar file obtained via Genode's ROM session
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as separate ROM session.
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:'os/src/server/iso9660':
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Provides each file of an ISO9660 file system accessed via a block session as
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separate ROM session.
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:'os/src/server/lx_fs':
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A file system server that makes the file system of a Linux base platform
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available to Genode.
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:'os/src/server/rom_block':
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Provides the content of a ROM file as a block session, similar to the
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loop-mount mechanism on Linux
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:'os/src/server/ram_block':
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Provides the content of a RAM dataspace as a block session. In contrast
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to 'rom_block', this server provides a writeable block device.
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:'os/src/server/terminal_log':
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Adapter for forwarding LOG messages to a terminal session.
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:'os/src/server/log_terminal':
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Adapter for forwarding terminal output to a LOG session.
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:'os/src/server/fs_log':
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Adapter that writes LOG messages to files on a file system.
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:'demo/src/server/nitlog':
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Provides a LOG session, printing log output on screen via a nitpicker
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session.
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:'os/src/app/rom_logger':
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The rom_logger component requests a ROM session and writes the
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content of the ROM dataspace to the LOG.
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:'os/src/server/rom_filter':
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The ROM filter provides a ROM module that depends on the content of
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other ROM modules steered by the filter configuration, e.g., dynamic
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switching between configuration variants dependent on the state of
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the system.
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:'os/src/server/log_terminal':
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Forwards terminal output to a LOG session.
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:'gems/src/server/file_terminal':
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Provides terminal sessions that target files on a file system.
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:'gems/src/server/terminal':
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Provides a terminal session via a graphical terminal using a framebuffer
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session and an input session.
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:'gems/src/server/tcp_terminal':
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Provides one or multiple terminal sessions over TCP connections.
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For further information, refer to 'gems/src/server/tcp_terminal/README'.
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:'os/src/server/terminal_crosslink':
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The terminal crosslink service allows to terminal clients to talk to each
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other.
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:'gems/src/server/http_block':
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A block service that fetches a virtual block device over the network from
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a HTTP server.
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:'os/src/server/fs_rom':
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A ROM service that translates the 'File_system' session interface to the
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'ROM' session' interface. Each request for a ROM file is handled by looking
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up an equally named file on the file system.
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Please refer to 'os/src/server/fs_rom' for more information.
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For use cases where ROMs are known to be static, the
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'os/src/server/cached_fs_rom' can be considered as a faster alternative to
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the regular 'fs_rom' server. Note that 'cached_fs_rom' is not supported
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in base-linux though.
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:'os/src/server/chroot':
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An intermediate file-system server that makes a sub directory of a file
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system available as the root of a file system handed out to its client.
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:'os/src/server/dynamic_rom':
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A simple ROM service that provides ROM modules that change in time according
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to a configured timeline.
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:'os/src/server/report_rom':
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A service that implements both the report session interface and the ROM
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session interface. It reflects incoming reports as ROM modules.
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:'os/src/server/fs_report':
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Report server that writes reports to file-systems
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:'os/src/server/clipboard':
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This component is both a report service and a ROM service. The
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clients of the report service can issue new clipboard content, which
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is then propagated to the clients of the ROM service according to a
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configurable information-flow policy.
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:'os/src/server/input_filter':
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A component that transforms and merges input events from multiple sources
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into a single stream.
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:'libports/src/server/acpi_input':
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A component that transforms ACPI events into Genode input events.
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:'gems/src/server/gui_fader':
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A wrapper for nitpicker's session interface that applies alpha-blending to
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the of views a nitpicker client.
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VFS plugins
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===========
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VFS plugins are file-system drivers in the form of shared libraries that
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implement the VFS-plugin interface. They can be combined with any application
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based on Genode's C runtime, with the VFS server, and with non-POSIX
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components that use the Genode's VFS library directly.
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:'gems/src/lib/vfs/trace':
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A VFS plugin that makes core's TRACE service accessible as a pseudo
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file system.
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:'gems/src/lib/vfs/import':
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A VFS plugin that pre-populates a VFS with initial content.
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:'gems/src/lib/vfs/pipe':
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A VFS plugin that provides bi-directional pipes for exchanging streamed
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data between components.
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:'gems/src/lib/vfs/ttf':
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A VFS plugin that makes rendered pixel data of the glyphs of Truetype fonts
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available as a pseudo file system.
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:'libports/src/lib/vfs/jitterentropy':
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A VFS plugin that provides random numbers based on the jitter of executing
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CPU instructions.
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:'libports/src/lib/vfs/lwip':
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A VFS plugin that uses the light-weight IP (lwIP) stack to provide a
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network socket interface as a pseudo file system.
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:'dde_linux/src/lib/vfs/lxip':
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A VFS plugin that uses the TCP/IP stack ported from the Linux kernel to
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provide a network socket interface as a pseudo file system.
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|
:'libports/src/lib/vfs/fatfs':
|
|
A VFS plugin that allows for the mounting of FAT-formatted block devices.
|
|
|
|
:'dde_rump/src/lib/vfs/rump':
|
|
A VFS plugin that enables the use of NetBSD's file-system drivers such
|
|
as ext2 or msdos.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Libraries
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/libc':
|
|
C runtime ported from FreeBSD.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/stdcxx':
|
|
Standard C++ library
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/mesa_api':
|
|
Mesa OpenGL API with backends for software rasterization (egl_swrast)
|
|
and Intel Graphics (egl_i965)
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/mupdf':
|
|
PDF rendering engine.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/ncurses':
|
|
Library for implementing pseudo-graphical applications (i.e., VIM) that
|
|
run on a text terminal.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/qt5_*':
|
|
Qt5 framework, using nitpicker session and NIC session as back end.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/vfs_jitterentropy.mk':
|
|
A VFS plugin that makes a jitter-based random-number generator available
|
|
as a file within the process-local VFS.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/libarchive.mk':
|
|
Library providing a common interface to a variety of archive
|
|
formats.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/lz4.mk':
|
|
Library for processing LZ4 lossless compression archives.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/liblzma.mk':
|
|
Library for processing LZMA archives.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/lib/mk/libgcrypt.mk':
|
|
GnuPG library for OpenPGP processing, e.g., signature verification.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Applications
|
|
############
|
|
|
|
Applications are Genode components that use other component's services but
|
|
usually do not provide services. They are typically located in the 'src/app/'
|
|
subdirectory of a repository. Most applications come with README files
|
|
located in their respective directory.
|
|
|
|
:'gems/src/app/backdrop':
|
|
Nitpicker client application that sets a composition of PNG images as
|
|
desktop background.
|
|
|
|
:'demo/src/app/launchpad':
|
|
Graphical application for interactively starting and killing subsystems.
|
|
|
|
:'gems/app/launcher': Graphical launcher of Genode subsystems.
|
|
|
|
:'demo/src/app/scout':
|
|
Graphical hypertext browser used for Genode's default demonstration scenario.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/src/test/mesa_demo':
|
|
Example programs for using the Mesa OpenGL graphics stack.
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/app/arora':
|
|
Arora is a Qt-based web browser using the Webkit engine.
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/app/gdb_monitor':
|
|
Application that allows the debugging of a process via GDB over a remote
|
|
connection.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/src/app/qt5/qt_launchpad':
|
|
Graphical application starter implemented using Qt.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/src/app/qt5/examples/':
|
|
Several example applications that come with Qt.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/app/sequence':
|
|
Simple utility to serialize the execution of multiple components
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/noux-pkg':
|
|
Ports of popular commandline-based Unix software such as VIM, bash,
|
|
coreutils, binutils, gcc, findutils, and netcat. The programs are supposed
|
|
to be executed within the Noux runtime environment.
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/app/lighttpd':
|
|
Lighttpd is a fast and feature-rich web server. The port of lighttpd uses
|
|
a file-system session to access the website content and the web-server
|
|
configuration.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/app/trace_logger':
|
|
Convenient, runtime-configurable frontend to the tracing facility.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/app/rom_reporter':
|
|
The ROM-reporter component requests a ROM session and reports the
|
|
content of the ROM dataspace to a report session with the same label
|
|
as the ROM session.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/app/log_core':
|
|
Component transforming core and kernel output to Genode LOG output.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Package-management components
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
:'gems/src/app/depot_query':
|
|
Tool for querying subsystem information from a depot.
|
|
|
|
:'gems/src/app/depot_download_manager':
|
|
Tool for managing the download of depot content.
|
|
|
|
:'gems/src/app/depot_deploy':
|
|
Subsystem init configuration generator based on blueprints.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/src/app/fetchurl':
|
|
A runtime-configurable frontend to the libcURL library for
|
|
downloading content.
|
|
|
|
:'libports/src/app/extract':
|
|
Tool for extracting archives using libarchive.
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/app/verify':
|
|
This component verifies detached OpenPGP signatures using libgcrypt.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Runtime environments
|
|
####################
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/app/seoul': Seoul is a virtual-machine monitor developed for
|
|
the use with the NOVA platform. It virtualizes 32bit x86 PC hardware
|
|
including various peripherals.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/loader': A service that allows the creation and destruction
|
|
of Genode subsystems via a session interface. For further information,
|
|
refer to 'os/src/server/loader/README'.
|
|
|
|
:'ports/src/virtualbox': VirtualBox running on top of the NOVA hypervisor.
|
|
|
|
:'os/src/server/vmm': A virtual machine monitor that is based on
|
|
hardware-assisted virtualization of ARM platforms. It is supported on
|
|
the base-hw kernel only.
|
|
|