========================== Genode components overview ========================== Norman Feske Abstract ######## Genode comes with a growing number of components apparently scattered across various repositories. This document provides an overview of these components and outlines the systematics behind them. The scope of this document is limited to the Genode main repository maintained by Genode Labs. Many additional components and device drivers can be found in the community-maintained [https://github.com/genodelabs/genode-world/ - Genode-World] repository. Categorization of components ############################ Genode components usually fall into one of four categories, namely device drivers, resource multiplexers, protocol stacks, and applications. Each of them is briefly characterized as follows: :Device drivers: translate hardware resources into device-independent session interfaces. Naturally, a device driver is specific to a particular hardware platform. The hardware resources are accessed via core's IO_MEM, IO_PORT, and IRQ services. The functionality of the driver is made available to other system components via one of Genode's device-independent session interfaces, which are 'platform_session', 'capture_session', 'event_session', 'block_session', 'audio_out_session', 'log_session', 'nic_session', and 'timer_session' (see _os/include/_ for the interface definitions). Those interfaces are uniform across hardware platforms and kernel base platforms. Usually, each device driver can accommodate only one client at a time. :Resource multiplexers: provide mechanisms to multiplex device resources to multiple clients. A typical resource multiplexer requests one of Genode's device-independent session interface (usually connected to a device driver) and, in turn, announces a service of the same kind. However, in contrast to a device driver, a resource multiplexer is able to serve more than one client at the same time. :Protocol stacks: translate low-level interfaces to higher-level interfaces (or sometimes vice versa). Typically, a protocol stack comes in the form of a library, which uses a device-independent session interface as back end and provides a high-level library interface as front end. However, protocol stacks also exist in the form of distinct components that implement translations between different session interfaces. :Applications: implement functionality using APIs as provided by protocol stacks. :Runtime environments: enable existing 3rd-party software to be executed as a Genode sub systems. Device drivers ############## Device drivers usually reside in the _src/drivers/_ subdirectory of source-code repositories. The most predominant repositories hosting device drivers are 'os', 'dde_ipxe', 'dde_linux'. Platform devices ================ :_os/src/drivers/platform/_: Platform drivers for various platforms. On x86, the platform driver uses the PCI controller as found on x86 PC hardware. A client can probe for a particular device and request information about physical device resources (using the 'platform_device' interface). I/O resources for MMIO regions, I/O ports, and interrupts can be requested by the provided device abstraction. :_os/src/drivers/acpi/_: On x86 platforms that use the APIC (namely Fiasco.OC, NOVA, and hw_x86_64) this simple ACPI parser traverses the ACPI tables and reports device-resource information (e.g., interrupt lines of PCI devices). :_os/src/app/smbios_decoder/_: A component that parses SMBIOS information on x86 platforms and makes the result available as a report. :_libports/src/app/acpica/_: In addition to our ACPI base driver, the acpica component uses the ACPICA library to provide access to dynamic functions like battery states, events (e.g., notebook lid close and power buttons), as well as reset and power off. The componenten reports ACPI events and states as reports and itself responds to system state changes of certain configuration ROMs. UART devices ============ The UART device drivers implement the UART-session interface. :_os/src/drivers/uart/spec/pbxa9/_: Driver for the PL011 UART as found on many ARM-based platforms. :_os/src/drivers/uart/spec/x86/_: Driver for the i8250 UART as found on PC hardware. Framebuffer and input drivers ============================= Framebuffer and input drivers are implemented as clients of the capture-session and event-session interfaces respectively. :_os/src/drivers/ps2/x86/_: Driver for the 'i8042' PS/2 controller as found in x86 PCs. It supports both mouse (including ImPS/2, ExPS/2) and keyboard. :_os/src/drivers/ps2/pl050/_: Driver for the PL050 PS/2 controller as found on ARM platforms such as VersatilePB. The physical base address used by the driver is obtained at compile time from a header file called _pl050_defs.h_. The version of the VersatilePB platform can be found at _os/include/platform/vpb926/_ and is made available to the driver via the SPECS machinery of the Genode build system. :_libports/src/drivers/framebuffer/vesa/_: Driver using VESA mode setting on x86 PCs. For more information, please refer to the README file in the driver directory. :_libports/src/drivers/framebuffer/boot/_: Driver for boot-time initialized framebuffers (e.g., UEFI GOP) discovered from the 'platform_info' ROM :_os/src/drivers/framebuffer/pl11x/_: Driver for the PL110/PL111 LCD display. :_os/src/drivers/framebuffer/imx53/_: Driver for LCD output on i.MX53 SoCs. :_os/src/drivers/framebuffer/rpi/_: Driver for the HDMI output of the Raspberry Pi. :_os/src/drivers/framebuffer/sdl/_: Serves as both framebuffer and input driver on Linux using libSDL. This driver is only usable on the Linux base platform. :_os/src/drivers/gpu/intel/_: An experimental Intel Graphics GPU multiplexer for Broadwell and newer. :_dde_linux/src/drivers/framebuffer/intel/_: Framebuffer driver for Intel i915 compatible graphic cards based on the Linux Intel KMS driver. :_dde_linux/src/drivers/usb_host/_: USB host-controller driver that provides an USB session interface to USB drivers. :_dde_linux/src/drivers/usb_hid/_: USB Human Interface Device driver using the USB session interface. Timer drivers ============= The timer driver located at _base/src/timer/_ implements the timer-session interface. Technically, it is both a device driver (accessing a timer device) and a resource multiplexer (supporting multiple timer-session clients at the same time). Depending on the base platform, the implementation uses different time sources. Time sources are either hardware timers, a time source provided by the kernel, or a pseudo time source (busy): :'nova': NOVA kernel semaphores :'okl4_x86': Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) device :'foc': IPC timeout :'fiasco': IPC timeout :'pistachio': Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) device :'linux': nanosleep() :'hw': kernel timer :'sel4': PIT on x86, EPIT on Wandboard Audio drivers ============= Audio drivers implement the Audio_out session interface defined at _os/include/audio_out_session/_ for playback and optionally the audio_in interface for recording. :_os/src/drivers/audio/spec/linux/_: Uses ALSA as back-end on the Linux base platform and supports only playback. :_dde_bsd/src/drivers/audio/_: Sound drivers ported from OpenBSD. Currently, the repository includes support for Intel HD Audio as well as for Ensoniq AudioPCI (ES1370) compatible sound cards. Block drivers ============= All block drivers implement the block-session interface defined at _os/include/block_session/_. :_os/src/drivers/sd_card/spec/pl180/_: Driver for SD-cards connected via the PL180 device as found on the PBX-A9 platform. :_os/src/drivers/sd_card/spec/imx53/_: Driver for SD-cards connected to the Freescale i.MX53 platform like the Quick Start Board or the USB armory device. :_os/src/drivers/sd_card/spec/rpi/_: Driver for SD-cards connected to the Raspberry Pi. :_os/src/drivers/ahci/_: Driver for SATA disks and CD-ROMs on x86 PCs. :_os/src/drivers/nvme/_: Driver for NVMe block devices on x86 PCs. :_os/src/drivers/usb_block/_: USB Mass Storage Bulk-Only driver using the USB session interface and provides a block-session interface. Network interface drivers ========================= All network interface drivers implement the NIC session interface defined at _os/include/nic_session/_. :_os/src/drivers/nic/spec/linux/_: Driver that uses a Linux tap device as back end. It is only useful on the Linux base platform. :_os/src/drivers/nic/spec/lan9118/_: Native device driver for the LAN9118 network adaptor as featured on the PBX-A9 platform. :_dde_ipxe/src/drivers/nic/_: Device drivers ported from the iPXE project. Supported devices are Intel E1000 and pcnet32. :_dde_linux/src/drivers/wifi/_: The wifi_drv component is a port of the Linux mac802.11 stack, including the iwlwifi driver. It enables the use of Intel Wireless 6xxx and 7xxx cards. :_dde_linux/src/drivers/usb_net/_: USB network driver using the USB session interface. :_dde_linux/src/drivers/nic/fec/_: Driver for ethernet NICs of the i.MX SoC family. General-purpose I/O drivers =========================== :_os/src/drivers/gpio/spec/imx53/_: Driver for accessing the GPIO pins of i.MX53 platforms. :_os/src/drivers/gpio/spec/rpi/_: Driver for accessing the GPIO pins of Raspberry Pi platforms. Resource multiplexers ##################### By convention, resource multiplexers are located at the _src/server/_ subdirectory of a source repository. :Framebuffer and input: Framebuffer and input devices can be multiplexed using the Nitpicker GUI server, which allows multiple clients to create and manage rectangular areas on screen. Nitpicker serves as broker between input devices, output devices, and graphical applications. It provides an event service for input drivers, a capture service for output drivers, and a GUI service for the applications. Each GUI session contains a virtual framebuffer and a virtual input interface. Nitpicker (including a README file) is located at _os/src/server/nitpicker/_. :Audio output: The audio mixer located at _os/src/server/mixer/_ enables multiple clients to use the audio-out interface. The mixing is done by simply adding and clamping the signals of all present clients. :Networking: The NIC bridge located at _os/src/server/nic_bridge/_ multiplexes one NIC session to multiple virtual NIC sessions using a proxy-ARP implementation. Each client has to obtain a dedicated IP address visible to the physical network. DHCP requests originating from the virtual NIC sessions are delegated to the physical network. The NIC router located at _os/src/server/nic_router/_ multiplexes one NIC session to multiple virtual NIC sessions by applying network address translation (NAT). :Block: The block-device partition server at _os/src/server/part_block/_ reads the partition table of a block session and exports each partition found as separate block session. For using this server, please refer to the run script at _os/run/part_block.run_. :File system: The VFS file-system server allows multiple clients to concurrently access the same virtual file system. It is located at _os/src/server/vfs/_. The VFS can be assembled out of several builtin file-system types (like a RAM file system, or pseudo file systems for various Genode session interfaces) as well as external plugins such as rump (mounting file systems supported by the NetBSD kernel). :Terminal: The terminal_mux service located at _gems/src/server/terminal_mux/_ is able to provide multiple terminal sessions over one terminal-client session. The user can switch between the different sessions using a keyboard shortcut, which brings up an ncurses-based menu. Protocol stacks ############### Protocol stacks come either in the form of separate components that translate one session interface to another, or in the form of libraries. Separate components =================== :_os/src/server/gui_fb/_: Translates a GUI session to a pair of framebuffer and input sessions. Each 'gui_fb' instance is visible as a rectangular area on screen presenting a virtual frame buffer. The area is statically positioned. For more information, please refer to _os/src/server/gui_fb/README_. :_gems/src/server/wm/_: Window manager that implements the GUI session interface but manages each client view as a separate window. The window decorations are provided by a so-called decorator (e.g., _gems/src/app/decorator/_). The behaviour is defined by a so-called window layouter such as the floating window layouter located at _gems/src/app/floating_window_layouter/_. :_demo/src/server/liquid_framebuffer/_: Implements the same translation as 'gui_fb' but by presenting an interactive window rather than a statically positioned screen area. :_os/src/server/tar_rom/_: Provides each file contained in a tar file obtained via Genode's ROM session as separate ROM session. :_os/src/server/iso9660/_: Provides each file of an ISO9660 file system accessed via a block session as separate ROM session. :_os/src/server/lx_fs/_: A file system server that makes the file system of a Linux base platform available to Genode. :_os/src/server/vfs_block/_: Provides the content of a file obtained from a VFS as a block session, similar to the loop-mount mechanism on Linux :_os/src/server/terminal_log/_: Adapter for forwarding LOG messages to a terminal session. :_os/src/server/log_terminal/_: Adapter for forwarding terminal output to a LOG session. :_os/src/server/fs_log/_: Adapter that writes LOG messages to files on a file system. :_demo/src/server/nitlog/_: Provides a LOG session, printing log output on screen via a GUI session. :_os/src/app/rom_logger/_: The rom_logger component requests a ROM session and writes the content of the ROM dataspace to the LOG. :_os/src/server/rom_filter/_: The ROM filter provides a ROM module that depends on the content of other ROM modules steered by the filter configuration, e.g., dynamic switching between configuration variants dependent on the state of the system. :_os/src/server/log_terminal/_: Forwards terminal output to a LOG session. :_gems/src/server/file_terminal/_: Provides terminal sessions that target files on a file system. :_gems/src/server/terminal/_: Provides a terminal session via a graphical terminal using a framebuffer session and an input session. :_gems/src/server/tcp_terminal/_: Provides one or multiple terminal sessions over TCP connections. For further information, refer to _gems/src/server/tcp_terminal/README_. :_os/src/server/terminal_crosslink/_: The terminal crosslink service allows to terminal clients to talk to each other. :_gems/src/server/http_block/_: A block service that fetches a virtual block device over the network from a HTTP server. :_os/src/server/fs_rom/_: A ROM service that translates the 'File_system' session interface to the 'ROM' session' interface. Each request for a ROM file is handled by looking up an equally named file on the file system. Please refer to _os/src/server/fs_rom/_ for more information. For use cases where ROMs are known to be static, the _os/src/server/cached_fs_rom/_ can be considered as a faster alternative to the regular 'fs_rom' server. Note that 'cached_fs_rom' is not supported in base-linux though. :_os/src/server/chroot/_: An intermediate file-system server that makes a sub directory of a file system available as the root of a file system handed out to its client. :_os/src/server/dynamic_rom/_: A simple ROM service that provides ROM modules that change in time according to a configured timeline. :_os/src/server/report_rom/_: A service that implements both the report session interface and the ROM session interface. It reflects incoming reports as ROM modules. :_os/src/server/fs_report/_: Report server that writes reports to file-systems :_os/src/server/clipboard/_: This component is both a report service and a ROM service. The clients of the report service can issue new clipboard content, which is then propagated to the clients of the ROM service according to a configurable information-flow policy. :_os/src/server/event_filter/_: A component that transforms and merges input events from multiple sources into a single event stream. :_libports/src/app/acpi_event/_: A component that transforms ACPI events into Genode input events. :_gems/src/server/gui_fader/_: A wrapper for nitpicker's GUI session interface that applies alpha-blending to the of views a GUI client. :_os/src/server/black_hole/_: Mockup implementation of Genode session interfaces. VFS plugins =========== VFS plugins are file-system drivers in the form of shared libraries that implement the VFS-plugin interface. They can be combined with any application based on Genode's C runtime, with the VFS server, and with non-POSIX components that use the Genode's VFS library directly. :_gems/src/lib/vfs/trace/_: A VFS plugin that makes core's TRACE service accessible as a pseudo file system. :_gems/src/lib/vfs/import/_: A VFS plugin that pre-populates a VFS with initial content. :_gems/src/lib/vfs/pipe/_: A VFS plugin that provides bi-directional pipes for exchanging streamed data between components. :_gems/src/lib/vfs/ttf/_: A VFS plugin that makes rendered pixel data of the glyphs of Truetype fonts available as a pseudo file system. :_libports/src/lib/vfs/jitterentropy/_: A VFS plugin that provides random numbers based on the jitter of executing CPU instructions. :_libports/src/lib/vfs/lwip/_: A VFS plugin that uses the light-weight IP (lwIP) stack to provide a network socket interface as a pseudo file system. :_dde_linux/src/lib/vfs/lxip/_: A VFS plugin that uses the TCP/IP stack ported from the Linux kernel to provide a network socket interface as a pseudo file system. :_libports/src/lib/vfs/fatfs/_: A VFS plugin that allows for the mounting of FAT-formatted block devices. :_dde_rump/src/lib/vfs/rump/_: A VFS plugin that enables the use of NetBSD's file-system drivers such as ext2 or msdos. Libraries ========= :_libports/lib/mk/libc/_: C runtime ported from FreeBSD. :_libports/lib/mk/stdcxx/_: Standard C++ library :_libports/lib/mk/mesa_api/_: Mesa OpenGL API with backends for software rasterization (egl_swrast) and Intel Graphics (egl_i965) :_libports/lib/mk/mupdf/_: PDF rendering engine. :_libports/lib/mk/ncurses/_: Library for implementing pseudo-graphical applications (i.e., VIM) that run on a text terminal. :_libports/lib/mk/qt5_*/_: Qt5 framework, using GUI session and NIC session as back end. :_libports/lib/mk/vfs_jitterentropy.mk_: A VFS plugin that makes a jitter-based random-number generator available as a file within the process-local VFS. :_libports/lib/mk/libarchive.mk_: Library providing a common interface to a variety of archive formats. :_libports/lib/mk/lz4.mk_: Library for processing LZ4 lossless compression archives. :_libports/lib/mk/liblzma.mk_: Library for processing LZMA archives. :_libports/lib/mk/libgcrypt.mk_: GnuPG library for OpenPGP processing, e.g., signature verification. Applications ############ Applications are Genode components that use other component's services but usually do not provide services. They are typically located in the _src/app/_ subdirectory of a repository. Most applications come with README files located in their respective directory. :_gems/src/app/backdrop/_: GUI client application that sets a composition of PNG images as desktop background. :_demo/src/app/launchpad/_: Graphical application for interactively starting and killing subsystems. :_demo/src/app/scout/_: Graphical hypertext browser used for Genode's default demonstration scenario. :_ports/src/app/gdb_monitor/_: Application that allows the debugging of a process via GDB over a remote connection. :_libports/src/app/qt5/qt_launchpad/_: Graphical application starter implemented using Qt. :_libports/src/app/qt5/examples/_: Several example applications that come with Qt. :_os/src/app/sequence/_: Simple utility to serialize the execution of multiple components :_ports/src/noux-pkg/_: Ports of popular commandline-based Unix software such as VIM, bash, coreutils, binutils, gcc, findutils, and netcat. The programs are supposed to be executed within the Noux runtime environment. :_ports/src/app/lighttpd/_: Lighttpd is a fast and feature-rich web server. The port of lighttpd uses a file-system session to access the website content and the web-server configuration. :_os/src/app/trace_logger/_: Convenient, runtime-configurable frontend to the tracing facility. :_os/src/app/rom_reporter/_: The ROM-reporter component requests a ROM session and reports the content of the ROM dataspace to a report session with the same label as the ROM session. :_os/src/app/log_core/_: Component transforming core and kernel output to Genode LOG output. Package-management components ============================= :_gems/src/app/depot_query/_: Tool for querying subsystem information from a depot. :_gems/src/app/depot_download_manager/_: Tool for managing the download of depot content. :_gems/src/app/depot_deploy/_: Subsystem init configuration generator based on blueprints. :_libports/src/app/fetchurl/_: A runtime-configurable frontend to the libcURL library for downloading content. :_libports/src/app/extract/_: Tool for extracting archives using libarchive. :_ports/src/app/verify/_: This component verifies detached OpenPGP signatures using libgcrypt. Runtime environments #################### :_ports/src/app/seoul/_: Seoul is a virtual-machine monitor developed for the use with the NOVA platform. It virtualizes 32bit x86 PC hardware including various peripherals. :_os/src/server/loader/_: A service that allows the creation and destruction of Genode subsystems via a session interface. For further information, refer to _os/src/server/loader/README_. :_ports/src/virtualbox5/_: VirtualBox running on top of the NOVA hypervisor. :_os/src/server/vmm/_: A virtual machine monitor that is based on hardware-assisted virtualization of ARM platforms. It is supported on the base-hw kernel only. :_os/src/server/cpu_balancer/_: The CPU balancer intercepts the interaction of components with core's low-level services to migrate threads dynamically between CPU cores.