/*
 * \brief  Generic MMIO access framework
 * \author Martin stein
 * \date   2011-10-26
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011-2013 Genode Labs GmbH
 *
 * This file is part of the Genode OS framework, which is distributed
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2.
 */

#ifndef _INCLUDE__UTIL__MMIO_H_
#define _INCLUDE__UTIL__MMIO_H_

/* Genode includes */
#include <util/register.h>

namespace Genode
{
	/**
	 * A continuous MMIO region
	 *
	 * For correct behavior of the member functions of 'Mmio', a class that
	 * derives from one of the subclasses of 'Mmio' must not define members
	 * named 'Register_base', 'Bitfield_base', 'Register_array_base' or
	 * 'Array_bitfield_base'.
	 */
	class Mmio
	{
		/*
		 * If set 0 verbosity isn't needed at all and the enum enables the
		 * compiler to remove all verbosity code. If set 1 verbosity code
		 * gets compiled and is then switched via '*_verbose' member variables.
		 */
		enum { VERBOSITY_AVAILABLE = 0 };

		/**
		 * Proclaim a MMIO access
		 *
		 * \param _ACCESS_T  integer type of access
		 * \param dst        access destination
		 * \param v          access value
		 * \param w          1: write access 0: read access
		 */
		template <typename _ACCESS_T>
		inline void _access_verbosity(addr_t const dst, _ACCESS_T const v,
		                              bool const w) const
		{
			if (!VERBOSITY_AVAILABLE) return;
			if (!_write_verbose) return;
			printf("mmio %s 0x%p: 0x", w ? "write" : "read ", (void *)dst);
			Trait::Uint_type<_ACCESS_T>::print_hex(v);
			printf("\n");
		}

		/**
		 * Write '_ACCESS_T' typed 'value' to MMIO base + 'o'
		 */
		template <typename _ACCESS_T>
		inline void _write(off_t const o, _ACCESS_T const value)
		{
			addr_t const dst = (addr_t)base + o;
			_access_verbosity<_ACCESS_T>(dst, value, 1);
			*(_ACCESS_T volatile *)dst = value;
		}

		/**
		 * Read '_ACCESS_T' typed from MMIO base + 'o'
		 */
		template <typename _ACCESS_T>
		inline _ACCESS_T _read(off_t const o) const
		{
			addr_t const dst = (addr_t)base + o;
			_ACCESS_T const value = *(_ACCESS_T volatile *)dst;
			_access_verbosity<_ACCESS_T>(dst, value, 0);
			return value;
		}

		protected:

			/*
			 * If VERBOSITY_AVAILABLE is set MMIO isn't verbose by default.
			 * Instead it causes this switches to be asked everytime MMIO
			 * could be verbose. This way the user can either enable verbosity
			 * locally by overwriting them in a deriving class or change their
			 * initialization temporarily to enable verbosity globally and
			 * then supress it locally by overwriting it.
			 */
			bool _write_verbose;
			bool _read_verbose;

		public:

			enum { BYTE_WIDTH_LOG2 = 3, BYTE_WIDTH = 1 << BYTE_WIDTH_LOG2 };

			/**
			 * An integer like region within a MMIO region.
			 *
			 * \param _OFFSET        Offset of the region relative to the
			 *                       base of the compound MMIO.
			 * \param _ACCESS_WIDTH  Bit width of the region, for a list of
			 *                       supported widths see 'Genode::Register'.
			 * \param _STRICT_WRITE  If set to 0, when writing a bitfield, we
			 *                       read the register value, update the bits
			 *                       on it, and write it back to the register.
			 *                       If set to 1 we take an empty register
			 *                       value instead, apply the bitfield on it,
			 *                       and write it to the register. This can
			 *                       be useful if you have registers that have
			 *                       different means on reads and writes.
			 *
			 * For further details See 'Genode::Register'.
			 */
			template <off_t _OFFSET, unsigned long _ACCESS_WIDTH,
			          bool _STRICT_WRITE = false>

			struct Register : public Genode::Register<_ACCESS_WIDTH>
			{
				enum {
					OFFSET       = _OFFSET,
					ACCESS_WIDTH = _ACCESS_WIDTH,
					STRICT_WRITE = _STRICT_WRITE,
				};

				/*
				 * GCC 4.4, in contrast to GCC versions >= 4.5, can't
				 * select function templates like 'write(typename
				 * T::Register::access_t value)' through a given 'T'
				 * that, in this case, derives from 'Register<X, Y, Z>'.
				 * It seems this is due to the fact that 'T::Register'
				 * is a template. Thus we provide some kind of stamp
				 * that solely must not be redefined by the deriving
				 * class to ensure correct template selection.
				 */
				typedef Register<_OFFSET, _ACCESS_WIDTH, _STRICT_WRITE>
					Register_base;

				/**
				 * A region within a register
				 *
				 * \param _SHIFT  Bit shift of the first bit within the
				 *                compound register.
				 * \param _WIDTH  bit width of the region
				 *
				 * For details see 'Genode::Register::Bitfield'.
				 */
				template <unsigned long _SHIFT, unsigned long _WIDTH>
				struct Bitfield : public Genode::Register<ACCESS_WIDTH>::
				                         template Bitfield<_SHIFT, _WIDTH>
				{
					/* analogous to 'Mmio::Register::Register_base' */
					typedef Bitfield<_SHIFT, _WIDTH> Bitfield_base;

					/* back reference to containing register */
					typedef Register<_OFFSET, _ACCESS_WIDTH, _STRICT_WRITE>
						Compound_reg;
				};
			};

			/**
			 * An array of successive equally structured regions, called items
			 *
			 * \param _OFFSET        Offset of the first item relative to
			 *                       the base of the compound MMIO.
			 * \param _ACCESS_WIDTH  Bit width of a single access, must be at
			 *                       least the item width.
			 * \param _ITEMS         How many times the item gets iterated
			 *                       successively.
			 * \param _ITEM_WIDTH    bit width of an item
			 * \param _STRICT_WRITE  If set to 0, when writing a bitfield, we
			 *                       read the register value, update the bits
			 *                       on it, and write it back to the register.
			 *                       If set to 1, we take an empty register
			 *                       value instead, apply the bitfield on it,
			 *                       and write it to the register. This can
			 *                       be useful if you have registers that have
			 *                       different means on reads and writes.
			 *                       Please note that ACCESS_WIDTH is decisive
			 *                       for the range of such strictness.
			 *
			 * The array takes all inner structures, wich are covered by an
			 * item width and iterates them successively. Such structures that
			 * are partially exceed an item range are read and written also
			 * partially. Structures that are completely out of the item range
			 * are read as '0' and trying to overwrite them has no effect. The
			 * array is not limited to its access width, it extends to the
			 * memory region of its successive items. Trying to read out read
			 * with an item index out of the array range returns '0', trying
			 * to write to such indices has no effect.
			 */
			template <off_t _OFFSET, unsigned long _ACCESS_WIDTH,
			          unsigned long _ITEMS, unsigned long _ITEM_WIDTH,
			          bool _STRICT_WRITE = false>

			struct Register_array : public Register<_OFFSET, _ACCESS_WIDTH,
			                                        _STRICT_WRITE>
			{
				typedef typename Trait::Uint_width<_ACCESS_WIDTH>::
				                 template Divisor<_ITEM_WIDTH> Item;

				enum {
					STRICT_WRITE    = _STRICT_WRITE,
					OFFSET          = _OFFSET,
					ACCESS_WIDTH    = _ACCESS_WIDTH,
					ITEMS           = _ITEMS,
					ITEM_WIDTH      = _ITEM_WIDTH,
					ITEM_WIDTH_LOG2 = Item::WIDTH_LOG2,
					MAX_INDEX       = ITEMS - 1,
					ITEM_MASK       = (1ULL << ITEM_WIDTH) - 1,
				};

				/* analogous to 'Mmio::Register::Register_base' */
				typedef Register_array<OFFSET, ACCESS_WIDTH, ITEMS,
				                       ITEM_WIDTH, STRICT_WRITE>
					Register_array_base;

				typedef typename Register<OFFSET, ACCESS_WIDTH, STRICT_WRITE>::
				                 access_t access_t;

				/**
				 * A bitregion within a register array item
				 *
				 * \param _SHIFT  bit shift of the first bit within an item
				 * \param _WIDTH  bit width of the region
				 *
				 * For details see 'Genode::Register::Bitfield'.
				 */
				template <unsigned long _SHIFT, unsigned long _SIZE>
				struct Bitfield :
					public Register<OFFSET, ACCESS_WIDTH, STRICT_WRITE>::
					       template Bitfield<_SHIFT, _SIZE>
				{
					/* analogous to 'Mmio::Register::Register_base' */
					typedef Bitfield<_SHIFT, _SIZE> Array_bitfield_base;

					/* back reference to containing register array */
					typedef Register_array<OFFSET, ACCESS_WIDTH, ITEMS,
					                       ITEM_WIDTH, STRICT_WRITE>
						Compound_array;
				};

				/**
				 * Calculate destination of an array-item access
				 *
				 * \param offset  Gets overridden with the offset of the
				 *                access type instance, that contains the
				 *                access destination, relative to the MMIO
				 *                base.
				 * \param shift   Gets overridden with the shift of the
				 *                destination within the access type instance
				 *                targeted by 'offset'.
				 * \param index   index of the targeted array item
				 */
				static inline void dst(off_t & offset,
				                       unsigned long & shift,
				                       unsigned long const index)
				{
					unsigned long const bit_off = index << ITEM_WIDTH_LOG2;
					offset  = (off_t) ((bit_off >> BYTE_WIDTH_LOG2)
					          & ~(sizeof(access_t)-1) );
					shift   = bit_off - ( offset << BYTE_WIDTH_LOG2 );
					offset += OFFSET;
				}

				/**
				 * Calc destination of a simple array-item access without shift
				 *
				 * \param offset  gets overridden with the offset of the the
				 *                access destination, relative to the MMIO base
				 * \param index   index of the targeted array item
				 */
				static inline void simple_dst(off_t & offset,
				                              unsigned long const index)
				{
					offset  = (index << ITEM_WIDTH_LOG2) >> BYTE_WIDTH_LOG2;
					offset += OFFSET;
				}
			};

			addr_t const base; /* base address of targeted MMIO region */

			/**
			 * Constructor
			 *
			 * \param mmio_base  base address of targeted MMIO region
			 */
			inline Mmio(addr_t mmio_base)
			: _write_verbose(0), _read_verbose(0), base(mmio_base) { }


			/*************************
			 ** Access to registers **
			 *************************/

			/**
			 * Get the address of the register 'T' typed as its access type
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline typename T::Register_base::access_t volatile * typed_addr() const
			{
				typedef typename T::Register_base Register;
				typedef typename Register::access_t access_t;
				return (access_t volatile *)(base + Register::OFFSET);
			}

			/**
			 * Read the register 'T'
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline typename T::Register_base::access_t read() const
			{
				typedef typename T::Register_base Register;
				typedef typename Register::access_t access_t;
				return _read<access_t>(Register::OFFSET);
			}

			/**
			 * Override the register 'T'
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline void
			write(typename T::Register_base::access_t const value)
			{
				typedef typename T::Register_base Register;
				typedef typename Register::access_t access_t;
				_write<access_t>(Register::OFFSET, value);
			}

			/******************************************
			 ** Access to bitfields within registers **
			 ******************************************/

			/**
			 * Read the bitfield 'T' of a register
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline typename T::Bitfield_base::Compound_reg::access_t
			read() const
			{
				typedef typename T::Bitfield_base Bitfield;
				typedef typename Bitfield::Compound_reg Register;
				typedef typename Register::access_t access_t;
				return Bitfield::get(_read<access_t>(Register::OFFSET));
			}

			/**
			 * Override to the bitfield 'T' of a register
			 *
			 * \param value  value that shall be written
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline void
			write(typename T::Bitfield_base::Compound_reg::access_t const value)
			{
				typedef typename T::Bitfield_base Bitfield;
				typedef typename Bitfield::Compound_reg Register;
				typedef typename Register::access_t access_t;

				/* initialize the pattern written finally to the register */
				access_t write_value;
				if (Register::STRICT_WRITE)
				{
					/* apply the bitfield to an empty write pattern */
					write_value = 0;
				} else {

					/* apply the bitfield to the old register value */
					write_value = read<Register>();
					Bitfield::clear(write_value);
				}
				/* apply bitfield value and override register */
				Bitfield::set(write_value, value);
				write<Register>(write_value);
			}


			/*******************************
			 ** Access to register arrays **
			 *******************************/

			/**
			 * Read an item of the register array 'T'
			 *
			 * \param index  index of the targeted item
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline typename T::Register_array_base::access_t
			read(unsigned long const index) const
			{
				typedef typename T::Register_array_base Array;
				typedef typename Array::access_t access_t;

				/* reads outside the array return 0 */
				if (index > Array::MAX_INDEX) return 0;

				/* if item width equals access width we optimize the access */
				off_t offset;
				if (Array::ITEM_WIDTH == Array::ACCESS_WIDTH) {
					Array::simple_dst(offset, index);
					return _read<access_t>(offset);

				/* access width and item width differ */
				} else {
					long unsigned shift;
					Array::dst(offset, shift, index);
					return (_read<access_t>(offset) >> shift) &
					       Array::ITEM_MASK;
				}
			}

			/**
			 * Override an item of the register array 'T'
			 *
			 * \param value  value that shall be written
			 * \param index  index of the targeted item
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline void
			write(typename T::Register_array_base::access_t const value,
			      unsigned long const index)
			{
				typedef typename T::Register_array_base Array;
				typedef typename Array::access_t access_t;

				/* ignore writes outside the array */
				if (index > Array::MAX_INDEX) return;

				/* optimize the access if item width equals access width */
				off_t offset;
				if (Array::ITEM_WIDTH == Array::ACCESS_WIDTH) {
					Array::simple_dst(offset, index);
					_write<access_t>(offset, value);

				/* access width and item width differ */
				} else {
					long unsigned shift;
					Array::dst(offset, shift, index);

					/* insert new value into old register value */
					access_t write_value;
					if (Array::STRICT_WRITE)
					{
						/* apply bitfield to an empty write pattern */
						write_value = 0;
					} else {

						/* apply bitfield to the old register value */
						write_value = _read<access_t>(offset);
						write_value &= ~(Array::ITEM_MASK << shift);
					}
					/* apply bitfield value and override register */
					write_value |= (value & Array::ITEM_MASK) << shift;
					_write<access_t>(offset, write_value);
				}
			}


			/*****************************************************
			 ** Access to bitfields within register array items **
			 *****************************************************/

			/**
			 * Read the bitfield 'T' of a register array
			 *
			 * \param index  index of the targeted item
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline typename T::Array_bitfield_base::Compound_array::access_t
			read(unsigned long const index) const
			{
				typedef typename T::Array_bitfield_base Bitfield;
				typedef typename Bitfield::Compound_array Array;
				return Bitfield::get(read<Array>(index));
			}

			/**
			 * Override the bitfield 'T' of a register array
			 *
			 * \param value  value that shall be written
			 * \param index  index of the targeted array item
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline void
			write(typename T::Array_bitfield_base::Compound_array::access_t const value,
			      long unsigned const index)
			{
				typedef typename T::Array_bitfield_base Bitfield;
				typedef typename Bitfield::Compound_array Array;
				typedef typename Array::access_t access_t;

				/* initialize the pattern written finally to the register */
				access_t write_value;
				if (Array::STRICT_WRITE)
				{
					/* apply the bitfield to an empty write pattern */
					write_value = 0;
				} else {

					/* apply the bitfield to the old register value */
					write_value = read<Array>(index);
					Bitfield::clear(write_value);
				}
				/* apply bitfield value and override register */
				Bitfield::set(write_value, value);
				write<Array>(write_value, index);
			}


			/*********************************
			 ** Polling for bitfield states **
			 *********************************/

			/**
			 * Interface for delaying the execution of a calling thread
			 */
			struct Delayer
			{
				/**
				 * Delay execution of the caller for 'us' microseconds
				 */
				virtual void usleep(unsigned us) = 0;
			};

			/**
			 * Wait until register 'T' contains the specified 'value'
			 *
			 * \param value         value to wait for
			 * \param delayer       sleeping facility to be used when the
			 *                      value is not reached yet
			 * \param max_attempts  number of register probing attempts
			 * \param us            number of microseconds between attempts
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline bool
			wait_for(typename T::Register_base::access_t const value,
			         Delayer & delayer,
			         unsigned max_attempts = 500,
			         unsigned us           = 1000)
			{
				typedef typename T::Register_base Register;
				for (unsigned i = 0; i < max_attempts; i++, delayer.usleep(us))
				{
					if (read<Register>() == value) return true;
				}
				return false;
			}

			/**
			 * Wait until bitfield 'T' contains the specified 'value'
			 *
			 * \param value         value to wait for
			 * \param delayer       sleeping facility to be used when the
			 *                      value is not reached yet
			 * \param max_attempts  number of bitfield probing attempts
			 * \param us            number of microseconds between attempts
			 */
			template <typename T>
			inline bool
			wait_for(typename T::Bitfield_base::Compound_reg::access_t const value,
			         Delayer & delayer,
			         unsigned max_attempts = 500,
			         unsigned us           = 1000)
			{
				typedef typename T::Bitfield_base Bitfield;
				for (unsigned i = 0; i < max_attempts; i++, delayer.usleep(us))
				{
					if (read<Bitfield>() == value) return true;
				}
				return false;
			}
	};
}

#endif /* _INCLUDE__UTIL__MMIO_H_ */