Instead of handing over the maximum available size to the packet data
accessors, hand over a size guard that keeps track of the packets
boundaries.
This commit also moves the size-guard utilitiy header of Ping and NIC
Router to the include/net directory making it a part of the net library.
It applies the new approach to all net-lib users in the basic repositories.
Ping looses its configurability regarding the ICMP data size as this would
require an additional method in the size guard which would be used only by
Ping.
The size guard was also re-worked to fit the fact that a packet can
bring a tail as well as a header (Ethernet).
Issue #2788
This reduces the redundant implementations of checksum calculation to
one generic implementation, makes the checksum interface conform over
all protocols, and brings performance optimizations. For instance,
the checksum is now calculated directly in big endian which saves us
most of the previously done byte-re-ordering.
Issue #2775
