timeout: rework timeout framework

* get rid of alarm abstraction
* get rid of Timeout::Time type
* get rid of pointer arguments
* get rid of _discard_timeout indirection
* get rid of 65th bit in stored time values
* get rid of Timeout_scheduler interface
* get rid of uninitialized deadlines
* get rid of default arguments
* get rid of Timeout::_periodic
* get rid of Timeout::Raw
* use list abstraction
* only one interface for timeout handlers
* rework locking scheme to be smp safe
* move all method definitions to CC file
* name mutexes more accurate
* fix when & how to set time-source timeout
* fix deadlocks

Fixes #3884

repos/libports/include/lwip/genode_init.h

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include <base/allocator.h>
 
 namespace Lwip {
-	void genode_init(Genode::Allocator &heap, Genode::Timeout_scheduler &timer);
+	void genode_init(Genode::Allocator &heap, ::Timer::Connection &timer);
 
 	Genode::Mutex &mutex();
 }