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<div class="section" id="vault">
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<h1>Vault<a class="headerlink" href="#vault" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>The vault contains data extracted from the ledger that is considered relevant to the node’s owner, stored in a relational model
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that can be easily queried and worked with.</p>
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<p>The vault keeps track of both unconsumed and consumed states:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>Unconsumed (or unspent) states represent fungible states available for spending (including spend-to-self transactions)
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and linear states available for evolution (eg. in response to a lifecycle event on a deal) or transfer to another party.</li>
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<li>Consumed (or spent) states represent ledger immutable state for the purpose of transaction reporting, audit and archival, including the ability to perform joins with app-private data (like customer notes)</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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<p>By fungible we refer to assets of measurable quantity (eg. a cash currency, units of stock) which can be combined
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together to represent a single ledger state.</p>
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<p>Like with a cryptocurrency wallet, the Corda vault can create transactions that send value (eg. transfer of state) to someone else
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by combining fungible states and possibly adding a change output that makes the values balance (this process is usually referred to as ‘coin selection’).
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Vault spending ensures that transactions respect the fungibility rules in order to ensure that the issuer and reference data is preserved as the assets pass from hand to hand.</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p class="last">Basic ‘coin selection’ is currently implemented. Future work includes fungible state optimisation (splitting and
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merging of states in the background), ‘soft locking’ (ability to automatically or explicitly reserve states to prevent
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multiple transactions trying to use the same output simultaneously), ‘state re-issuance’ (sending of states back to the
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issuer for re-issuance, thus pruning long transaction chains and improving privacy).</p>
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</div>
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<p>There is also a facility for attaching descriptive textual notes against any transaction stored in the vault.</p>
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<p>The vault supports the management of data in both authoritative (“on-ledger”) form and, where appropriate, shadow (“off-ledger”) form:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>“On-ledger” data refers to distributed ledger state (cash, deals, trades) to which a firm is participant.</li>
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<li>“Off-ledger” data refers to a firm’s internal reference, static and systems data.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The following diagram illustrates the breakdown of the vault into sub-system components:</p>
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<img alt="_images/vault.png" src="_images/vault.png" />
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<p>Note the following:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>the vault “On Ledger” store tracks unconsumed state and is updated internally by the node upon recording of a transaction on the ledger
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(following successful smart contract verification and signature by all participants)</li>
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<li>the vault “Off Ledger” store refers to additional data added by the node owner subsequent to transaction recording</li>
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<li>the vault performs fungible state spending (and in future, fungible state optimisation management including merging, splitting and re-issuance)</li>
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<li>vault extensions represent additional custom plugin code a developer may write to query specific custom contract state attributes.</li>
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<li>customer “Off Ledger” (private store) represents internal organisational data that may be joined with the vault data to perform additional reporting or processing</li>
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<li>a vault query API is exposed to developers using standard Corda RPC and CorDapp plugin mechanisms</li>
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<li>a vault update API is internally used by transaction recording flows.</li>
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<li>the vault database schemas are directly accessible via JDBC for customer joins and queries</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Section 8 of the <a class="reference external" href="_static/corda-technical-whitepaper.pdf">Technical white paper</a> describes features of the vault yet to be implemented including private key managament,
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soft state locking, state splitting and merging, asset re-issuance and node event scheduling.</p>
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