corda/docs/build/html/key-concepts-vault.html
Clinton Alexander 9a2963bca9 Docs regen.
2017-02-22 10:59:02 +00:00

338 lines
16 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!-- If you edit this, then please make the same changes to layout_for_doc_website.html, as that is used for the web
doc site generation which we put analytics tracking on to identify any potential problem pages -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Vault &mdash; R3 Corda latest documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/custom.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="top" title="R3 Corda latest documentation" href="index.html"/>
<link rel="next" title="Security model" href="key-concepts-security-model.html"/>
<link rel="prev" title="Consensus and notaries" href="key-concepts-consensus-notaries.html"/>
<script src="_static/js/modernizr.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
<div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
<nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
<div class="wy-side-scroll">
<div class="wy-side-nav-search">
<a href="index.html" class="icon icon-home"> R3 Corda
</a>
<div class="version">
latest
</div>
<div role="search">
<form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
<input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" />
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
</form>
</div>
<br>
API reference: <a href="api/kotlin/corda/index.html">Kotlin</a>/ <a href="api/javadoc/index.html">JavaDoc</a>
<br>
<a href="https://discourse.corda.net">Discourse Forums</a>
<br>
<a href="http://slack.corda.net">Slack</a>
<br>
</div>
<div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Getting started</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="inthebox.html">What&#8217;s included?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="getting-set-up.html">Getting set up</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="getting-set-up-fault-finding.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="running-the-demos.html">Running the demos</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="CLI-vs-IDE.html">CLI vs IDE</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Key concepts</span></p>
<ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="key-concepts.html">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="key-concepts-ecosystem.html">Corda ecosystem</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="key-concepts-data-model.html">Data model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="key-concepts-core-types.html">Core types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="key-concepts-financial-model.html">Financial model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="key-concepts-flow-framework.html">Flow framework</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="key-concepts-consensus-notaries.html">Consensus and notaries</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Vault</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="key-concepts-security-model.html">Security model</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">CorDapps</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="creating-a-cordapp.html">CorDapp basics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-cordapp.html">The example CorDapp</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">The Corda node</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="clientrpc.html">Client RPC</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="messaging.html">Networking and messaging</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="persistence.html">Persistence</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="node-administration.html">Node administration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="corda-configuration-file.html">Node configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="corda-plugins.html">The Corda plugin framework</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="node-services.html">Brief introduction to the node services</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="node-explorer.html">Node Explorer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="permissioning.html">Network permissioning</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Tutorials</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-contract.html">Writing a contract</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-contract-clauses.html">Writing a contract using clauses</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-test-dsl.html">Writing a contract test</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="contract-upgrade.html">Upgrading Contracts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-integration-testing.html">Integration testing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-clientrpc-api.html">Client RPC API tutorial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-building-transactions.html">Building transactions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="flow-state-machines.html">Writing flows</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="flow-testing.html">Writing flow tests</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="running-a-notary.html">Running a notary service</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="using-a-notary.html">Using a notary service</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="oracles.html">Writing oracle services</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-attachments.html">Using attachments</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="event-scheduling.html">Event scheduling</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Other</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="network-simulator.html">Network Simulator</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="clauses.html">Clauses</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="merkle-trees.html">Transaction tear-offs</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Component library</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="contract-catalogue.html">Contract catalogue</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="contract-irs.html">Interest rate swaps</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Appendix</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="loadtesting.html">Load testing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="setting-up-a-corda-network.html">What is a corda network?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="secure-coding-guidelines.html">Secure coding guidelines</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="release-process.html">Release process</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="release-notes.html">Release notes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="codestyle.html">Code style guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="building-the-docs.html">Building the documentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="further-notes-on-kotlin.html">Further notes on Kotlin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="publishing-corda.html">Publishing Corda</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="azure-vm.html">Working with the Corda Demo on Azure Marketplace</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Glossary</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="glossary.html">Glossary</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
<nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
<i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
<a href="index.html">R3 Corda</a>
</nav>
<div class="wy-nav-content">
<div class="rst-content">
<div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
<ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
<li><a href="index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
<li>Vault</li>
<li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
<a href="_sources/key-concepts-vault.txt" rel="nofollow"> View page source</a>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
</div>
<div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
<div itemprop="articleBody">
<div class="section" id="vault">
<h1>Vault<a class="headerlink" href="#vault" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The vault contains data extracted from the ledger that is considered relevant to the nodes owner, stored in a relational model
that can be easily queried and worked with.</p>
<p>The vault keeps track of both unconsumed and consumed states:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>Unconsumed (or unspent) states represent fungible states available for spending (including spend-to-self transactions)
and linear states available for evolution (eg. in response to a lifecycle event on a deal) or transfer to another party.</li>
<li>Consumed (or spent) states represent ledger immutable state for the purpose of transaction reporting, audit and archival, including the ability to perform joins with app-private data (like customer notes)</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<p>By fungible we refer to assets of measurable quantity (eg. a cash currency, units of stock) which can be combined
together to represent a single ledger state.</p>
<p>Like with a cryptocurrency wallet, the Corda vault can create transactions that send value (eg. transfer of state) to someone else
by combining fungible states and possibly adding a change output that makes the values balance (this process is usually referred to as coin selection).
Vault spending ensures that transactions respect the fungibility rules in order to ensure that the issuer and reference data is preserved as the assets pass from hand to hand.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Basic &#8216;coin selection&#8217; is currently implemented. Future work includes fungible state optimisation (splitting and
merging of states in the background), &#8216;soft locking&#8217; (ability to automatically or explicitly reserve states to prevent
multiple transactions trying to use the same output simultaneously), &#8216;state re-issuance&#8217; (sending of states back to the
issuer for re-issuance, thus pruning long transaction chains and improving privacy).</p>
</div>
<p>There is also a facility for attaching descriptive textual notes against any transaction stored in the vault.</p>
<p>The vault supports the management of data in both authoritative (&#8220;on-ledger&#8221;) form and, where appropriate, shadow (&#8220;off-ledger&#8221;) form:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>&#8220;On-ledger&#8221; data refers to distributed ledger state (cash, deals, trades) to which a firm is participant.</li>
<li>&#8220;Off-ledger&#8221; data refers to a firm&#8217;s internal reference, static and systems data.</li>
</ul>
<p>The following diagram illustrates the breakdown of the vault into sub-system components:</p>
<img alt="_images/vault.png" src="_images/vault.png" />
<p>Note the following:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>the vault &#8220;On Ledger&#8221; store tracks unconsumed state and is updated internally by the node upon recording of a transaction on the ledger
(following successful smart contract verification and signature by all participants)</li>
<li>the vault &#8220;Off Ledger&#8221; store refers to additional data added by the node owner subsequent to transaction recording</li>
<li>the vault performs fungible state spending (and in future, fungible state optimisation management including merging, splitting and re-issuance)</li>
<li>vault extensions represent additional custom plugin code a developer may write to query specific custom contract state attributes.</li>
<li>customer &#8220;Off Ledger&#8221; (private store) represents internal organisational data that may be joined with the vault data to perform additional reporting or processing</li>
<li>a vault query API is exposed to developers using standard Corda RPC and CorDapp plugin mechanisms</li>
<li>a vault update API is internally used by transaction recording flows.</li>
<li>the vault database schemas are directly accessible via JDBC for customer joins and queries</li>
</ul>
<p>Section 8 of the <a class="reference external" href="_static/corda-technical-whitepaper.pdf">Technical white paper</a> describes features of the vault yet to be implemented including private key managament,
soft state locking, state splitting and merging, asset re-issuance and node event scheduling.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer>
<div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
<a href="key-concepts-security-model.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Security model" accesskey="n">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
<a href="key-concepts-consensus-notaries.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Consensus and notaries" accesskey="p"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
</div>
<hr/>
<div role="contentinfo">
<p>
&copy; Copyright 2016, R3 Limited.
</p>
</div>
Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
</footer>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
URL_ROOT:'./',
VERSION:'latest',
COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
HAS_SOURCE: true
};
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(function () {
SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>