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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Release notes</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#milestone-5">Milestone 5</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#milestone-4">Milestone 4</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#milestone-3">Milestone 3</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#milestone-2">Milestone 2</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#milestone-1">Milestone 1</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#milestone-0">Milestone 0</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="release-notes">
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<h1>Release notes<a class="headerlink" href="#release-notes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Here are brief summaries of what’s changed between each snapshot release.</p>
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<div class="section" id="milestone-5">
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<h2>Milestone 5<a class="headerlink" href="#milestone-5" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><p class="first">A simple RPC access control mechanism. Users, passwords and permissions can be defined in a configuration file.
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This mechanism will be extended in future to support standard authentication systems like LDAP.</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">New features in the explorer app and RPC API for working with cash:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>Cash can now be sent, issued and exited via RPC.</li>
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<li>Notes can now be associated with transactions.</li>
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<li>Hashes are visually represented using identicons.</li>
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<li>Lots of functional work on the explorer UI. You can try it out by running <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gradle</span> <span class="pre">tools:explorer:runDemoNodes</span></code> to run
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a local network of nodes that swap cash with each other, and then run <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gradle</span> <span class="pre">tools:explorer:run</span></code> to start
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the app.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">A new demo showing shared valuation of derivatives portfolios using the ISDA SIMM has been added. Note that this app
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relies on a proprietary implementation of the ISDA SIMM business logic from OpenGamma. A stub library is provided
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to ensure it compiles but if you want to use the app for real please contact us.</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Developer experience (we plan to do lots more here in milestone 6):</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>Demos and samples have been split out of the main repository, and the initial developer experience continues to be
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refined. All necessary JARs can now be installed to Maven Local by simply running <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gradle</span> <span class="pre">install</span></code>.</li>
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<li>It’s now easier to define a set of nodes to run locally using the new “CordFormation” gradle plugin, which
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defines a simple DSL for creating networks of nodes.</li>
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<li>The template CorDapp has been upgraded with more documentation and showing more features.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Privacy: transactions are now structured as Merkle trees, and can have sections “torn off” - presented for
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verification and signing without revealing the rest of the transaction.</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Lots of bug fixes, tweaks and polish starting the run up to the open source release.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>API changes:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>Plugin service classes now take a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PluginServiceHub</span></code> rather than a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ServiceHubInternal</span></code>.</li>
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<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UniqueIdentifier</span></code> equality has changed to only take into account the underlying UUID.</li>
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<li>The contracts module has been renamed to finance, to better reflect what it is for.</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="milestone-4">
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<h2>Milestone 4<a class="headerlink" href="#milestone-4" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>New features in this release:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><p class="first">Persistence:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>States can now be written into a relational database and queried using JDBC. The schemas are defined by the
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smart contracts and schema versioning is supported. It is reasonable to write an app that stores data in a mix
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of global ledger transactions and local database tables which are joined on demand, using join key slots that
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are present in many state definitions. Read more about <a class="reference internal" href="persistence.html"><span class="doc">Persistence</span></a>.</li>
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<li>The embedded H2 SQL database is now exposed by default to any tool that can speak JDBC. The database URL is
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printed during node startup and can be used to explore the database, which contains both node internal data
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and tables generated from ledger states.</li>
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<li>Protocol checkpoints are now stored in the database as well. Message processing is now atomic with protocol
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checkpointing and run under the same RDBMS transaction.</li>
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<li>MQ message deduplication is now handled at the app layer and performed under the RDMS transaction, so
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ensuring messages are only replayed if the RDMS transaction rolled back.</li>
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<li>“The wallet” has been renamed to “the vault”.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Client RPC:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>New RPCs added to subscribe to snapshots and update streams state of the vault, currently executing protocols
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and other important node information.</li>
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<li>New tutorial added that shows how to use the RPC API to draw live transaction graphs on screen.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Protocol framework:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>Large simplifications to the API. Session management is now handled automatically. Messages are now routed
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based on identities rather than node IP addresses.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Decentralised consensus:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>A standalone one-node notary backed by a JDBC store has been added.</li>
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<li>A prototype RAFT based notary composed of multiple nodes is available on a branch.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Data model:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>Compound keys have been added as preparation for merging a distributed RAFT based notary. Compound keys
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are trees of public keys in which interior nodes can have validity thresholds attached, thus allowing
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boolean formulas of keys to be created. This is similar to Bitcoin’s multi-sig support and the data model
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is the same as the InterLedger Crypto-Conditions spec, which should aid interop in future. Read more about
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key trees in the “<a class="reference internal" href="transaction-data-types.html"><span class="doc">Data types</span></a>” article.</li>
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<li>A new tutorial has been added showing how to use transaction attachments in more detail.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Testnet</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>Permissioning infrastructure phase one is built out. The node now has a notion of developer mode vs normal
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mode. In developer mode it works like M3 and the SSL certificates used by nodes running on your local
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machine all self-sign using a developer key included in the source tree. When developer mode is not active,
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the node won’t start until it has a signed certificate. Such a certificate can be obtained by simply running
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an included command line utility which generates a CSR and submits it to a permissioning service, then waits
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for the signed certificate to be returned. Note that currently there is no public Corda testnet, so we are
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not currently running a permissioning service.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Standalone app development:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>The Corda libraries that app developers need to link against can now be installed into your local Maven
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repository, where they can then be used like any other JAR. See <a class="reference internal" href="creating-a-cordapp.html"><span class="doc">Creating a Cordapp</span></a>.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">User interfaces:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>Infrastructure work on the node explorer is now complete: it is fully switched to using the MQ based RPC system.</li>
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<li>A library of additional reactive collections has been added. This API builds on top of Rx and the observable
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collections API in Java 8 to give “live” data structures in which the state of the node and ledger can be
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viewed as an ordinary Java <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">List</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Map</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Set</span></code>, but which also emit callbacks when these views
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change, and which can have additional views derived in a functional manner (filtered, mapped, sorted, etc).
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Finally, these views can then be bound directly into JavaFX UIs. This makes for a concise and functional
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way of building application UIs that render data from the node, and the API is available for third party
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app developers to use as well. We believe this will be highly productive and enjoyable for developers who
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have the option of building JavaFX apps (vs web apps).</li>
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<li>The visual network simulator tool that was demoed back in April as part of the first Corda live demo has
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been merged into the main repository.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Documentation</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>New secure coding guidelines. Corda tries to eliminate as many security mistakes as practical via the type
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system and other mechanically checkable processes, but there are still things that one must be aware of.</li>
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<li>New attachments tutorial.</li>
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<li>New Client RPC tutorial.</li>
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<li>More tutorials on how to build a standalone CorDapp.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Testing</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li>More integration testing support</li>
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<li>New micro-DSLs for expressing expected sequences of operations with more or less relaxed ordering constraints.</li>
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<li>QuickCheck generators to create streams of randomised transactions and other basic types. QuickCheck is a way
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of writing unit tests that perform randomised fuzz testing of code, originally developed by the Haskell
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community and now also available in Java.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>API changes:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>The transaction types (Signed, Wire, LedgerTransaction) have moved to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">net.corda.core.transactions</span></code>. You can
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update your code by just deleting the broken import lines and letting your IDE re-import them from the right
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location.</li>
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<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractStateReplacementProtocol.verifyProposal</span></code> has changed its prototype in a minor way.</li>
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<li>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UntrustworthyData<T>.validate</span></code> method has been renamed to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unwrap</span></code> - the old name is now deprecated.</li>
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<li>The wallet, wallet service, etc. are now vault, vault service, etc. These better reflect the intent that they
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are a generic secure data store, rather than something which holds cash.</li>
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<li>The protocol send/receive APIs have changed to no longer require a session id. Please check the current version
|
|
of the protocol framework tutorial for more details.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="milestone-3">
|
|
<h2>Milestone 3<a class="headerlink" href="#milestone-3" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><p class="first">More work on preparing for the testnet:</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<div><ul class="simple">
|
|
<li>Corda is now a standalone app server that loads “CorDapps” into itself as plugins. Whilst the existing IRS
|
|
and trader demos still exist for now, these will soon be removed and there will only be a single Corda node
|
|
program. Note that the node is a single, standalone jar file that is easier to execute than the demos.</li>
|
|
<li>Project Vega (shared SIMM modelling for derivative portfolios) has already been converted to be a CorDapp.</li>
|
|
<li>Significant work done on making the node persist its wallet data to a SQL backend, with more on the way.</li>
|
|
<li>Upgrades and refactorings of the core transaction types in preparation for the incoming sandboxing work.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">The Clauses API that seeks to make writing smart contracts easier has gone through another design iteration,
|
|
with the result that clauses are now cleaner and more composable.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Improvements to the protocol API for finalising transactions (notarising, transmitting and storing).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Lots of work done on an MQ based client API.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Improvements to the developer site:</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<div><ul class="simple">
|
|
<li>The developer site has been re-read from start to finish and refreshed for M3 so there should be no obsolete
|
|
texts or references anywhere.</li>
|
|
<li>The Corda non-technical white paper is now a part of the developer site and git repository. The LaTeX source is
|
|
also provided so if you spot any issues with it, you can send us patches.</li>
|
|
<li>There is a new section on how to write CorDapps.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Further R&D work by Sofus Mortensen in the experimental module on a new ‘universal’ contract language.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">SSL for the REST API and webapp server can now be configured.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="milestone-2">
|
|
<h2>Milestone 2<a class="headerlink" href="#milestone-2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Big improvements to the interest rate swap app:</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<div><ul class="simple">
|
|
<li>A new web app demonstrating the IRS contract has been added. This can be used as an example for how to interact with
|
|
the Corda API from the web.</li>
|
|
<li>Simplifications to the way the demo is used from the command line.</li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="contract-irs.html"><span class="doc">Detailed documentation on how the contract works and can be used</span></a> has been written.</li>
|
|
<li>Better integration testing of the app.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Smart contracts have been redesigned around reusable components, referred to as “clauses”. The cash, commercial paper
|
|
and obligation contracts now share a common issue clause.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">New code in the experimental module (note that this module is a place for work-in-progress code which has not yet gone
|
|
through code review and which may, in general, not even function correctly):</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<div><ul>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Thanks to the prolific Sofus Mortensen @ Nordea Bank, an experimental generic contract DSL that is based on the famous
|
|
2001 “Composing contracts” paper has been added. We thank Sofus for this great and promising research, which is so
|
|
relevant in the wake of TheDAO hack.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">The contract code from the recent trade finance demos is now in experimental. This code comes thanks to a
|
|
collaboration of the members; all credit to:</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<div><ul class="simple">
|
|
<li>Mustafa Ozturk @ Natixis</li>
|
|
<li>David Nee @ US Bank</li>
|
|
<li>Johannes Albertsen @ Dankse Bank</li>
|
|
<li>Rui Hu @ Nordea</li>
|
|
<li>Daniele Barreca @ Unicredit</li>
|
|
<li>Sukrit Handa @ Scotiabank</li>
|
|
<li>Giuseppe Cardone @ Banco Intesa</li>
|
|
<li>Robert Santiago @ BBVA</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">The usability of the command line demo programs has been improved.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">All example code and existing contracts have been ported to use the new Java/Kotlin unit testing domain-specific
|
|
languages (DSLs) which make it easy to construct chains of transactions and verify them together. This cleans up
|
|
and unifies the previous ad-hoc set of similar DSLs. A tutorial on how to use it has been added to the documentation.
|
|
We believe this largely completes our testing story for now around smart contracts. Feedback from bank developers
|
|
during the Trade Finance project has indicated that the next thing to tackle is docs and usability improvements in
|
|
the protocols API.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Significant work done towards defining the “CorDapp” concept in code, with dynamic loading of API services and more to
|
|
come.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Inter-node communication now uses SSL/TLS and AMQP/1.0, albeit without all nodes self-signing at the moment. A real
|
|
PKI for the p2p network will come later.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Logging is now saved to files with log rotation provided by Log4J.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>API changes:</p>
|
|
<ul class="simple">
|
|
<li>Some utility methods and extension functions that are specific to certain contract types have moved packages: just
|
|
delete the import lines that no longer work and let IntelliJ replace them with the correct package paths.</li>
|
|
<li>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">arg</span></code> method in the test DSL is now called <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">command</span></code> to be consistent with the rest of the data model.</li>
|
|
<li>The messaging APIs have changed somewhat to now use a new <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TopicSession</span></code> object. These APIs will continue to change
|
|
in the upcoming releases.</li>
|
|
<li>Clauses now have default values provided for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifMatched</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ifNotMatched</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">requiredCommands</span></code>.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>New documentation:</p>
|
|
<ul class="simple">
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="contract-catalogue.html"><span class="doc">Contract catalogue</span></a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="contract-irs.html"><span class="doc">Interest Rate Swaps</span></a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-test-dsl.html"><span class="doc">Writing a contract test</span></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="milestone-1">
|
|
<h2>Milestone 1<a class="headerlink" href="#milestone-1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Highlights of this release:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Event scheduling. States in the ledger can now request protocols to be invoked at particular times, for states
|
|
considered relevant by the wallet.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Upgrades to the notary/consensus service support:</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<div><ul class="simple">
|
|
<li>There is now a way to change the notary controlling a state.</li>
|
|
<li>You can pick between validating and non-validating notaries, these let you select your privacy/robustness tradeoff.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">A new obligation contract that supports bilateral and multilateral netting of obligations, default tracking and
|
|
more.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Improvements to the financial type system, with core classes and contracts made more generic.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Switch to a better digital signature algorithm: ed25519 instead of the previous JDK default of secp256r1.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">A new integration test suite.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">A new Java unit testing DSL for contracts, similar in spirit to the one already developed for Kotlin users (which
|
|
depended on Kotlin specific features).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">An experimental module, where developers who want to work with the latest Corda code can check in contracts/cordapp
|
|
code before it’s been fully reviewed. Code in this module has compiler warnings suppressed but we will still make
|
|
sure it compiles across refactorings.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Persistence improvements: transaction data is now stored to disk and automatic protocol resume is now implemented.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Many smaller bug fixes, cleanups and improvements.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>We have new documentation on:</p>
|
|
<ul class="simple">
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="event-scheduling.html"><span class="doc">Event scheduling</span></a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="transaction-data-types.html"><span class="doc">Data types</span></a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="consensus.html"><span class="doc">Consensus model</span></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Summary of API changes (not exhaustive):</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Notary/consensus service:</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<div><ul class="simple">
|
|
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NotaryService</span></code> is now extensible.</li>
|
|
<li>Every <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ContractState</span></code> now has to specify a <em>participants</em> field, which is a list of parties that are able to
|
|
consume this state in a valid transaction. This is used for e.g. making sure all relevant parties obtain the updated
|
|
state when changing a notary.</li>
|
|
<li>Introduced <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TransactionState</span></code>, which wraps <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ContractState</span></code>, and is used when defining a transaction output.
|
|
The notary field is moved from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ContractState</span></code> into <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TransactionState</span></code>.</li>
|
|
<li>Every transaction now has a <em>type</em> field, which specifies custom build & validation rules for that transaction type.
|
|
Currently two types are supported: General (runs the default build and validation logic) and NotaryChange (
|
|
contract code is not run during validation, checks that the notary field is the only difference between the
|
|
inputs and outputs).
|
|
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TransactionBuilder()</span></code> is now abstract, you should use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TransactionType.General.Builder()</span></code> for building transactions.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">The cash contract has moved from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">net.corda.contracts</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">net.corda.contracts.cash</span></code></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Amount</span></code> class is now generic, to support non-currency types such as physical assets. Where you previously had just
|
|
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Amount</span></code>, you should now use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Amount<Currency></span></code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Refactored the Cash contract to have a new FungibleAsset superclass, to model all countable assets that can be merged
|
|
and split (currency, barrels of oil, etc.)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Messaging:</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<div><ul class="simple">
|
|
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">addMessageHandler</span></code> now has a different signature as part of error handling changes.</li>
|
|
<li>If you want to return nothing to a protocol, use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Ack</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Unit</span></code> from now on.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></blockquote>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">In the IRS contract, dateOffset is now an integer instead of an enum.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">In contracts, you now use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tx.getInputs</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tx.getOutputs</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">getInStates</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">getOutStates</span></code>. This is
|
|
just a renaming.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">A new <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NonEmptySet</span></code> type has been added for cases where you wish to express that you have a collection of unique
|
|
objects which cannot be empty.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><p class="first">Please use the global <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">newSecureRandom()</span></code> function rather than instantiating your own SecureRandom’s from now on, as
|
|
the custom function forces the use of non-blocking random drivers on Linux.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="milestone-0">
|
|
<h2>Milestone 0<a class="headerlink" href="#milestone-0" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>This is the first release, which includes:</p>
|
|
<ul class="simple">
|
|
<li>Some initial smart contracts: cash, commercial paper, interest rate swaps</li>
|
|
<li>An interest rate oracle</li>
|
|
<li>The first version of the protocol/orchestration framework</li>
|
|
<li>Some initial support for pluggable consensus mechanisms</li>
|
|
<li>Tutorials and documentation explaining how it works</li>
|
|
<li>Much more ...</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
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<a href="codestyle.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Code style guide" accesskey="n">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
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<p>
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