mirror of
https://github.com/corda/corda.git
synced 2024-12-28 00:38:55 +00:00
860 lines
71 KiB
HTML
860 lines
71 KiB
HTML
<!-- If you edit this, then please make the same changes to layout_for_doc_website.html, as that is used for the web
|
|
doc site generation which we put analytics tracking on to identify any potential problem pages -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
|
|
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
|
|
|
<title>Writing a contract test — R3 Corda latest documentation</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/custom.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="top" title="R3 Corda latest documentation" href="index.html"/>
|
|
<link rel="next" title="Integration testing" href="tutorial-integration-testing.html"/>
|
|
<link rel="prev" title="Writing a contract using clauses" href="tutorial-contract-clauses.html"/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="_static/js/modernizr.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
|
|
|
|
<div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
|
|
<div class="wy-side-scroll">
|
|
<div class="wy-side-nav-search">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="index.html" class="icon icon-home"> R3 Corda
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="version">
|
|
latest
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div role="search">
|
|
<form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
|
|
<input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
<a href="api/index.html">API reference</a>
|
|
<br>
|
|
<a href="https://discourse.corda.net">Discourse Forums</a>
|
|
<br>
|
|
<a href="http://slack.corda.net">Slack</a>
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Getting started</span></p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="inthebox.html">What’s included?</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="getting-set-up.html">Getting set up</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="getting-set-up-fault-finding.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="running-the-demos.html">Running the demos</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="CLI-vs-IDE.html">CLI vs IDE</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Key concepts</span></p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="data-model.html">Data model</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="transaction-data-types.html">Data types</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="merkle-trees.html">Transaction tear-offs</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="consensus.html">Consensus model</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="clauses.html">Clauses</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">CorDapps</span></p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="creating-a-cordapp.html">CorDapp basics</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-cordapp.html">The CorDapp template</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">The Corda node</span></p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="clientrpc.html">Client RPC</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="messaging.html">Networking and messaging</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="persistence.html">Persistence</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="node-administration.html">Node administration</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="corda-configuration-file.html">Node configuration</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="corda-plugins.html">The Corda plugin framework</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="node-services.html">Brief introduction to the node services</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="node-explorer.html">Node Explorer</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="permissioning.html">Network permissioning</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Tutorials</span></p>
|
|
<ul class="current">
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-contract.html">Writing a contract</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-contract-clauses.html">Writing a contract using clauses</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Writing a contract test</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#testing-single-transactions">Testing single transactions</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#chaining-transactions">Chaining transactions</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-integration-testing.html">Integration testing</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-clientrpc-api.html">Client RPC API tutorial</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-building-transactions.html">Building transactions</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="flow-state-machines.html">Writing flows</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="flow-testing.html">Writing flow tests</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="running-a-notary.html">Running a notary service</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="using-a-notary.html">Using a notary service</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="oracles.html">Writing oracle services</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial-attachments.html">Using attachments</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="event-scheduling.html">Event scheduling</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Other</span></p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="network-simulator.html">Network Simulator</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Component library</span></p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="contract-catalogue.html">Contract catalogue</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="contract-irs.html">Interest rate swaps</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Appendix</span></p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="loadtesting.html">Load testing</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="setting-up-a-corda-network.html">What is a corda network?</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="secure-coding-guidelines.html">Secure coding guidelines</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="release-process.html">Release process</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="release-notes.html">Release notes</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="codestyle.html">Code style guide</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="building-the-docs.html">Building the documentation</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="publishing-corda.html">Publishing Corda</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="azure-vm.html">Working with the Corda Demo on Azure Marketplace</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Glossary</span></p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="glossary.html">Glossary</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
<section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
|
|
<i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
|
|
<a href="index.html">R3 Corda</a>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="wy-nav-content">
|
|
<div class="rst-content">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
|
|
<ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
|
|
<li><a href="index.html">Docs</a> »</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>Writing a contract test</li>
|
|
<li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="_sources/tutorial-test-dsl.txt" rel="nofollow"> View page source</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<hr/>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
|
|
<div itemprop="articleBody">
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/codesets.js"></script><div class="section" id="writing-a-contract-test">
|
|
<h1>Writing a contract test<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-a-contract-test" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
|
<p>This tutorial will take you through the steps required to write a contract test using Kotlin and Java.</p>
|
|
<p>The testing DSL allows one to define a piece of the ledger with transactions referring to each other, and ways of
|
|
verifying their correctness.</p>
|
|
<div class="section" id="testing-single-transactions">
|
|
<h2>Testing single transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#testing-single-transactions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>We start with the empty ledger:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CommercialPaperTest</span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="k">fun</span> <span class="nf">emptyLedger</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">...</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">static</span> <span class="n">net</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">corda</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">core</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">testing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">JavaTestHelpers</span><span class="o">.*;</span>
|
|
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">static</span> <span class="n">net</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">corda</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">core</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">contracts</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">JavaTestHelpers</span><span class="o">.*;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">emptyLedger</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="c1">// We need to return this explicitly</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The DSL keyword <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ledger</span></code> takes a closure that can build up several transactions and may verify their overall
|
|
correctness. A ledger is effectively a fresh world with no pre-existing transactions or services within it.</p>
|
|
<p>We will start with defining helper function that returns a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CommercialPaper</span></code> state:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>fun getPaper(): ICommercialPaperState = CommercialPaper.State(
|
|
issuance = MEGA_CORP.ref(123),
|
|
owner = MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY,
|
|
faceValue = 1000.DOLLARS `issued by` MEGA_CORP.ref(123),
|
|
maturityDate = TEST_TX_TIME + 7.days
|
|
)
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">final</span> <span class="n">OpaqueBytes</span> <span class="n">defaultRef</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">OpaqueBytes</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]{</span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="o">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kd">private</span> <span class="n">ICommercialPaperState</span> <span class="nf">getPaper</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">(</span>
|
|
<span class="n">getMEGA_CORP</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">ref</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">defaultRef</span><span class="o">),</span>
|
|
<span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span>
|
|
<span class="n">issuedBy</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">DOLLARS</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">getMEGA_CORP</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">ref</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">defaultRef</span><span class="o">)),</span>
|
|
<span class="n">getTEST_TX_TIME</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">plus</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">ChronoUnit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">DAYS</span><span class="o">)</span>
|
|
<span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>It’s a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CommercialPaper</span></code> issued by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MEGA_CORP</span></code> with face value of $1000 and maturity date in 7 days.</p>
|
|
<p>Let’s add a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CommercialPaper</span></code> transaction:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="k">fun</span> <span class="nf">simpleCPDoesntCompile</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">val</span> <span class="py">inState</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">transaction</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inState</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">simpleCPDoesntCompile</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ICommercialPaperState</span> <span class="n">inState</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">inState</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>We can add a transaction to the ledger using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">transaction</span></code> primitive. The transaction in turn may be defined by
|
|
specifying <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input</span></code>-s, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">output</span></code>-s, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">command</span></code>-s and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">attachment</span></code>-s.</p>
|
|
<p>The above <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input</span></code> call is a bit special; transactions don’t actually contain input states, just references
|
|
to output states of other transactions. Under the hood the above <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input</span></code> call creates a dummy transaction in the
|
|
ledger (that won’t be verified) which outputs the specified state, and references that from this transaction.</p>
|
|
<p>The above code however doesn’t compile:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">:(</span><span class="m">29</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="m">17</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">Kotlin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Type</span> <span class="n">mismatch</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">inferred</span> <span class="n">type</span> <span class="k">is</span> <span class="n">Unit</span> <span class="n">but</span> <span class="n">EnforceVerifyOrFail</span> <span class="n">was</span> <span class="n">expected</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nl">Error:</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">35</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="mi">27</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="n">java</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">incompatible</span> <span class="n">types</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">bad</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">type</span> <span class="n">in</span> <span class="n">lambda</span> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="n">missing</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">value</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>This is deliberate: The DSL forces us to specify either <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">this.verifies()</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">this</span> <span class="pre">`fails</span> <span class="pre">with`</span> <span class="pre">"some</span> <span class="pre">text"</span></code> on the
|
|
last line of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">transaction</span></code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="k">fun</span> <span class="nf">simpleCP</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">val</span> <span class="py">inState</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">transaction</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inState</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">verifies</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">simpleCP</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ICommercialPaperState</span> <span class="n">inState</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">inState</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Let’s take a look at a transaction that fails.</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="k">fun</span> <span class="nf">simpleCPMove</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">val</span> <span class="py">inState</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">transaction</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inState</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="n">command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">CommercialPaper</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Commands</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Move</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">verifies</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">simpleCPMove</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ICommercialPaperState</span> <span class="n">inState</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">inState</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>When run, that code produces the following error:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>net.corda.core.contracts.TransactionVerificationException$ContractRejection: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Failed requirement: the state is propagated
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">net</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">corda</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">core</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">contracts</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">TransactionVerificationException$ContractRejection</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">java</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">lang</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">IllegalStateException</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">state</span> <span class="n">is</span> <span class="n">propagated</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The transaction verification failed, because we wanted to move paper but didn’t specify an output - but the state should be propagated.
|
|
However we can specify that this is an intended behaviour by changing <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">this.verifies()</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">this</span> <span class="pre">`fails</span> <span class="pre">with`</span> <span class="pre">"the</span> <span class="pre">state</span> <span class="pre">is</span> <span class="pre">propagated"</span></code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@Test
|
|
fun simpleCPMoveFails() {
|
|
val inState = getPaper()
|
|
ledger {
|
|
transaction {
|
|
input(inState)
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Move() }
|
|
this `fails with` "the state is propagated"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">simpleCPMoveFails</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ICommercialPaperState</span> <span class="n">inState</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">inState</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">failsWith</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"the state is propagated"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>We can continue to build the transaction until it <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">verifies</span></code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@Test
|
|
fun simpleCPMoveSuccess() {
|
|
val inState = getPaper()
|
|
ledger {
|
|
transaction {
|
|
input(inState)
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Move() }
|
|
this `fails with` "the state is propagated"
|
|
output("alice's paper") { inState `owned by` ALICE_PUBKEY }
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">simpleCPMoveSuccess</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ICommercialPaperState</span> <span class="n">inState</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">inState</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">failsWith</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"the state is propagated"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"alice's paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">inState</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">withOwner</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getALICE_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">()));</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">output</span></code> specifies that we want the input state to be transferred to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALICE</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">command</span></code> adds the
|
|
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Move</span></code> command itself, signed by the current owner of the input state, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span></code>.</p>
|
|
<p>We constructed a complete signed commercial paper transaction and verified it. Note how we left in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fails</span> <span class="pre">with</span></code>
|
|
line - this is fine, the failure will be tested on the partially constructed transaction.</p>
|
|
<p>What should we do if we wanted to test what happens when the wrong party signs the transaction? If we simply add a
|
|
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">command</span></code> it will permanently ruin the transaction... Enter <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tweak</span></code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@Test
|
|
fun `simple issuance with tweak`() {
|
|
ledger {
|
|
transaction {
|
|
output("paper") { getPaper() } // Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
|
|
tweak {
|
|
command(DUMMY_PUBKEY_1) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue() }
|
|
timestamp(TEST_TX_TIME)
|
|
this `fails with` "output states are issued by a command signer"
|
|
}
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue() }
|
|
timestamp(TEST_TX_TIME)
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">simpleIssuanceWithTweak</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="o">());</span> <span class="c1">// Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">tweak</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tw</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getDUMMY_PUBKEY_1</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Issue</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">timestamp</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getTEST_TX_TIME</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">failsWith</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"output states are issued by a command signer"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Issue</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">timestamp</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getTEST_TX_TIME</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tweak</span></code> creates a local copy of the transaction. This makes possible to locally “ruin” the transaction while not
|
|
modifying the original one, allowing testing of different error conditions.</p>
|
|
<p>We now have a neat little test that tests a single transaction. This is already useful, and in fact testing of a single
|
|
transaction in this way is very common. There is even a shorthand top-level <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">transaction</span></code> primitive that creates a
|
|
ledger with a single transaction:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@Test
|
|
fun `simple issuance with tweak and top level transaction`() {
|
|
transaction {
|
|
output("paper") { getPaper() } // Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
|
|
tweak {
|
|
command(DUMMY_PUBKEY_1) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue() }
|
|
timestamp(TEST_TX_TIME)
|
|
this `fails with` "output states are issued by a command signer"
|
|
}
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue() }
|
|
timestamp(TEST_TX_TIME)
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">simpleIssuanceWithTweakTopLevelTx</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="o">());</span> <span class="c1">// Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">tweak</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tw</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getDUMMY_PUBKEY_1</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Issue</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">timestamp</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getTEST_TX_TIME</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">failsWith</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"output states are issued by a command signer"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Issue</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">timestamp</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getTEST_TX_TIME</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="chaining-transactions">
|
|
<h2>Chaining transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#chaining-transactions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Now that we know how to define a single transaction, let’s look at how to define a chain of them:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@Test
|
|
fun `chain commercial paper`() {
|
|
val issuer = MEGA_CORP.ref(123)
|
|
|
|
ledger {
|
|
unverifiedTransaction {
|
|
output("alice's $900", 900.DOLLARS.CASH `issued by` issuer `owned by` ALICE_PUBKEY)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
|
|
transaction("Issuance") {
|
|
output("paper") { getPaper() }
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue() }
|
|
timestamp(TEST_TX_TIME)
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
transaction("Trade") {
|
|
input("paper")
|
|
input("alice's $900")
|
|
output("borrowed $900") { 900.DOLLARS.CASH `issued by` issuer `owned by` MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY }
|
|
output("alice's paper") { "paper".output<ICommercialPaperState>() `owned by` ALICE_PUBKEY }
|
|
command(ALICE_PUBKEY) { Cash.Commands.Move() }
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Move() }
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">chainCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">PartyAndReference</span> <span class="n">issuer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getMEGA_CORP</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">ref</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">defaultRef</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">unverifiedTransaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"alice's $900"</span><span class="o">,</span>
|
|
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Cash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">issuedBy</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">DOLLARS</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">900</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">issuer</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">getALICE_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">));</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1">// Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Issuance"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Issue</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">timestamp</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getTEST_TX_TIME</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Trade"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"alice's $900"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"borrowed $900"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Cash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">issuedBy</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">DOLLARS</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">900</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">issuer</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">));</span>
|
|
<span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span> <span class="n">inputPaper</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">retrieveOutput</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"alice's paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">inputPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">withOwner</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getALICE_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">()));</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getALICE_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Cash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>In this example we declare that <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALICE</span></code> has $900 but we don’t care where from. For this we can use
|
|
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unverifiedTransaction</span></code>. Note how we don’t need to specify <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">this.verifies()</span></code>.</p>
|
|
<p>Notice that we labelled output with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"alice's</span> <span class="pre">$900"</span></code>, also in transaction named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"Issuance"</span></code>
|
|
we labelled a commercial paper with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"paper"</span></code>. Now we can subsequently refer to them in other transactions, e.g.
|
|
by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input("alice's</span> <span class="pre">$900")</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"paper".output<ICommercialPaperState>()</span></code>.</p>
|
|
<p>The last transaction named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"Trade"</span></code> exemplifies simple fact of selling the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CommercialPaper</span></code> to Alice for her $900,
|
|
$100 less than the face value at 10% interest after only 7 days.</p>
|
|
<p>We can also test whole ledger calling <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">this.verifies()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">this.fails()</span></code> on the ledger level.
|
|
To do so let’s create a simple example that uses the same input twice:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@Test
|
|
fun `chain commercial paper double spend`() {
|
|
val issuer = MEGA_CORP.ref(123)
|
|
ledger {
|
|
unverifiedTransaction {
|
|
output("alice's $900", 900.DOLLARS.CASH `issued by` issuer `owned by` ALICE_PUBKEY)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
|
|
transaction("Issuance") {
|
|
output("paper") { getPaper() }
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue() }
|
|
timestamp(TEST_TX_TIME)
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
transaction("Trade") {
|
|
input("paper")
|
|
input("alice's $900")
|
|
output("borrowed $900") { 900.DOLLARS.CASH `issued by` issuer `owned by` MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY }
|
|
output("alice's paper") { "paper".output<ICommercialPaperState>() `owned by` ALICE_PUBKEY }
|
|
command(ALICE_PUBKEY) { Cash.Commands.Move() }
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Move() }
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
transaction {
|
|
input("paper")
|
|
// We moved a paper to another pubkey.
|
|
output("bob's paper") { "paper".output<ICommercialPaperState>() `owned by` BOB_PUBKEY }
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Move() }
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
this.fails()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">chainCommercialPaperDoubleSpend</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">PartyAndReference</span> <span class="n">issuer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getMEGA_CORP</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">ref</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">defaultRef</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">unverifiedTransaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"alice's $900"</span><span class="o">,</span>
|
|
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Cash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">issuedBy</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">DOLLARS</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">900</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">issuer</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">getALICE_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">));</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1">// Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Issuance"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Issue</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">timestamp</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getTEST_TX_TIME</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Trade"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"alice's $900"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"borrowed $900"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Cash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">issuedBy</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">DOLLARS</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">900</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">issuer</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">));</span>
|
|
<span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span> <span class="n">inputPaper</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">retrieveOutput</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"alice's paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">inputPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">withOwner</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getALICE_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">()));</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getALICE_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Cash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span> <span class="n">inputPaper</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">retrieveOutput</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="c1">// We moved a paper to other pubkey.</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"bob's paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">inputPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">withOwner</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getBOB_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">()));</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">fails</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The transactions <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">verifies()</span></code> individually, however the state was spent twice! That’s why we need the global ledger
|
|
verification (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">this.fails()</span></code> at the end). As in previous examples we can use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tweak</span></code> to create a local copy of the whole ledger:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeset container">
|
|
<div class="highlight-kotlin"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@Test
|
|
fun `chain commercial tweak`() {
|
|
val issuer = MEGA_CORP.ref(123)
|
|
ledger {
|
|
unverifiedTransaction {
|
|
output("alice's $900", 900.DOLLARS.CASH `issued by` issuer `owned by` ALICE_PUBKEY)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.
|
|
transaction("Issuance") {
|
|
output("paper") { getPaper() }
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Issue() }
|
|
timestamp(TEST_TX_TIME)
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
transaction("Trade") {
|
|
input("paper")
|
|
input("alice's $900")
|
|
output("borrowed $900") { 900.DOLLARS.CASH `issued by` issuer `owned by` MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY }
|
|
output("alice's paper") { "paper".output<ICommercialPaperState>() `owned by` ALICE_PUBKEY }
|
|
command(ALICE_PUBKEY) { Cash.Commands.Move() }
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Move() }
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
tweak {
|
|
transaction {
|
|
input("paper")
|
|
// We moved a paper to another pubkey.
|
|
output("bob's paper") { "paper".output<ICommercialPaperState>() `owned by` BOB_PUBKEY }
|
|
command(MEGA_CORP_PUBKEY) { CommercialPaper.Commands.Move() }
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
this.fails()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
this.verifies()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-java"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@Test</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">chainCommercialPaperTweak</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">PartyAndReference</span> <span class="n">issuer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getMEGA_CORP</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">ref</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">defaultRef</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">ledger</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">unverifiedTransaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"alice's $900"</span><span class="o">,</span>
|
|
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Cash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">issuedBy</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">DOLLARS</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">900</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">issuer</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">getALICE_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">));</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1">// Some CP is issued onto the ledger by MegaCorp.</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Issuance"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">getPaper</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Issue</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">timestamp</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getTEST_TX_TIME</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Trade"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"alice's $900"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"borrowed $900"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Cash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">issuedBy</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">DOLLARS</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">900</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">issuer</span><span class="o">),</span> <span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">));</span>
|
|
<span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span> <span class="n">inputPaper</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">retrieveOutput</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"alice's paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">inputPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">withOwner</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getALICE_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">()));</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getALICE_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Cash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">tweak</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">lw</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">lw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transaction</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">tx</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span> <span class="n">inputPaper</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">retrieveOutput</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">State</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="o">);</span>
|
|
<span class="c1">// We moved a paper to another pubkey.</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"bob's paper"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">inputPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">withOwner</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getBOB_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">()));</span>
|
|
<span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">command</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">getMEGA_CORP_PUBKEY</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">JavaCommercialPaper</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Move</span><span class="o">());</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="n">lw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">fails</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">verifies</span><span class="o">();</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Unit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">});</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<footer>
|
|
|
|
<div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
|
|
|
|
<a href="tutorial-integration-testing.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Integration testing" accesskey="n">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="tutorial-contract-clauses.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Writing a contract using clauses" accesskey="p"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr/>
|
|
|
|
<div role="contentinfo">
|
|
<p>
|
|
© Copyright 2016, R3 Limited.
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
|
|
|
|
</footer>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
|
|
URL_ROOT:'./',
|
|
VERSION:'latest',
|
|
COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
|
|
FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
|
|
HAS_SOURCE: true
|
|
};
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
jQuery(function () {
|
|
SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |