diff --git a/classpath/java/lang/reflect/Method.java b/classpath/java/lang/reflect/Method.java
index c84a394b3f..578d2fda6b 100644
--- a/classpath/java/lang/reflect/Method.java
+++ b/classpath/java/lang/reflect/Method.java
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ public class Method<T> extends AccessibleObject implements Member {
   private byte[] spec;
   private Class<T> class_;
   private Object code;
+  private Object compiled;
 
   private Method() { }
 
diff --git a/makefile b/makefile
index 5c7f63fc0f..7f7b427d58 100644
--- a/makefile
+++ b/makefile
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ else
 	ld-library-path = LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 endif
 
+process = interpret
+
 mode = debug
 
 bld = build/$(platform)/$(arch)/$(mode)
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ src = src
 classpath = classpath
 test = test
 
-input = $(cls)/Threads.class
+input = $(cls)/Instructions.class
 
 cxx = g++
 cc = gcc
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ interpreter-sources = \
 	$(src)/finder.cpp \
 	$(src)/machine.cpp \
 	$(src)/heap.cpp \
-	$(src)/interpret.cpp \
+	$(src)/$(process).cpp \
 	$(src)/builtin.cpp \
 	$(src)/jnienv.cpp \
 	$(src)/main.cpp
diff --git a/src/common.h b/src/common.h
index 77ea27ad12..9a6f13cf8f 100644
--- a/src/common.h
+++ b/src/common.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "stdint.h"
 #include "stdlib.h"
 #include "stdarg.h"
+#include "stddef.h"
 #include "string.h"
 #include "stdio.h"
 #include "types.h"
@@ -44,6 +45,22 @@
 
 inline void* operator new(size_t, void* p) throw() { return p; }
 
+#ifdef __i386__
+
+extern "C" uint64_t
+cdeclCall(void* function, void* stack, unsigned stackSize,
+          unsigned returnType);
+
+#elif defined __x86_64__
+
+extern "C" uint64_t
+amd64Call(void* function, void* stack, unsigned stackSize,
+          void* gprTable, void* sseTable, unsigned returnType);
+
+#else
+#  error unsupported platform
+#endif
+
 namespace vm {
 
 const unsigned BytesPerWord = sizeof(uintptr_t);
diff --git a/src/compile.cpp b/src/compile.cpp
index 704f2a0f0e..e4dcbefb2c 100644
--- a/src/compile.cpp
+++ b/src/compile.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ using namespace vm;
 
 namespace {
 
+const unsigned FrameThread = 8;
+const unsigned FrameMethod = 12;
+const unsigned FrameNext = 16;
+const unsigned FrameFootprint = 12;
+
 class Rope {
  public:
   class Node {
@@ -21,6 +26,8 @@ class Rope {
     uint8_t data[Size];
   };
 
+  Rope() { }
+
   Rope(System* s):
     s(s),
     front(0),
@@ -31,12 +38,16 @@ class Rope {
 
   void append(uint8_t v) {
     if (position == Node::Size) {
-      Node* n = new (s->allocate(sizeof(Node))) Node;
-      if (front == 0) {
-        front = rear = n;
+      if (front == 0 or rear->next == 0) {
+        Node* n = new (s->allocate(sizeof(Node))) Node;
+        if (front == 0) {
+          front = rear = n;
+        } else {
+          rear->next = n;
+          rear = n;
+        }
       } else {
-        rear->next = n;
-        rear = n;
+        rear = rear->next;
       }
       position = 0;
       ++ count;
@@ -45,6 +56,13 @@ class Rope {
     rear->data[position++] = v;
   }
 
+  void append4(uint32_t v) {
+    append((v >>  0) & 0xFF);
+    append((v >>  8) & 0xFF);
+    append((v >> 16) & 0xFF);
+    append((v >> 24) & 0xFF);
+  }
+
   unsigned length() {
     return (count * Node::Size) + position;
   }
@@ -72,16 +90,233 @@ class Rope {
   unsigned position;
 };
 
-class Assembler {
+class ArgumentList;
+
+class MyThread: public Thread {
  public:
-  Assembler(System* s):
-    rope(s)
+  MyThread(Machine* m, object javaThread, vm::Thread* parent):
+    vm::Thread(m, javaThread, parent),
+    argumentList(0),
+    frame(0)
   { }
 
-  Rope rope;
+  ArgumentList* argumentList;
+  void* frame;
 };
 
-class Compiler: private Assembler {
+class Assembler {
+ public:
+  class Label {
+   public:
+    class Snapshot {
+     public:
+      Rope rope;
+      unsigned ip;
+    };
+
+    static const unsigned Capacity = 8;
+
+    Label():
+      unresolvedCount(0),
+      mark_(-1)
+    { }
+
+    void reference(Rope* r, unsigned ip) {
+      if (mark_ == -1) {
+        expect(r->s, unresolvedCount < Capacity);
+        unresolved[unresolvedCount].rope = *r;
+        unresolved[unresolvedCount].ip = ip;
+        ++ unresolvedCount;
+
+        r->append4(0);
+      } else {
+        r->append4(mark_ - ip);
+      }
+    }
+
+    void mark(Rope* r) {
+      mark_ = r->length();
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i < unresolvedCount; ++i) {
+        unresolved[i].rope.append4(mark_ - unresolved[i].ip);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Snapshot unresolved[Capacity];
+    unsigned unresolvedCount;
+    int mark_;
+  };
+
+  enum Register {
+    eax = 0,
+    ecx = 1,
+    edx = 2,
+    ebx = 3,
+    esp = 4,
+    ebp = 5
+  };
+
+  Assembler(System* s):
+    r(s)
+  { }
+
+  void mov(Register src, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x89);
+    r.append(0xc0 | (src << 3) | dst);
+  }
+
+  void mov(Register src, int srcOffset, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x8b);
+    if (srcOffset) {
+      r.append(0x40 | (dst << 3) | src);
+      r.append(srcOffset);
+    } else {
+      r.append((dst << 3) | src);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void mov(Register src, Register dst, int dstOffset) {
+    r.append(0x89);
+    if (dstOffset) {
+      r.append(0x40 | (src << 3) | dst);
+      r.append(dstOffset);
+    } else {
+      r.append((src << 3) | dst);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void mov(uintptr_t src, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0xb8 | dst);
+    r.append4(src);
+  }
+
+  void push(Register reg) {
+    r.append(0x50 | reg);
+  }
+
+  void push(Register reg, int offset) {
+    r.append(0xff);
+    r.append(0x70 | reg);
+    r.append(offset);
+  }
+
+  void push(int v) {
+    r.append(0x6a);
+    r.append(v);
+  }
+
+  void pop(Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x58 | dst);
+  }
+
+  void pop(Register dst, int offset) {
+    r.append(0x8f);
+    r.append(0x40 | dst);
+    r.append(offset);
+  }
+
+  void add(Register src, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x01);
+    r.append(0xc0 | (src << 3) | dst);
+  }
+
+  void add(int src, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x83);
+    r.append(0xc0 | dst);
+    r.append(src);
+  }
+
+  void sub(Register src, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x29);
+    r.append(0xc0 | (src << 3) | dst);
+  }
+
+  void sub(int src, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x83);
+    r.append(0xe8 | dst);
+    r.append(src);
+  }
+
+  void or_(Register src, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x09);
+    r.append(0xc0 | (src << 3) | dst);
+  }
+
+  void or_(int src, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x83);
+    r.append(0xc8 | dst);
+    r.append(src);
+  }
+
+  void and_(Register src, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x21);
+    r.append(0xc0 | (src << 3) | dst);
+  }
+
+  void and_(int src, Register dst) {
+    r.append(0x83);
+    r.append(0xe0 | dst);
+    r.append(src);
+  }
+
+  void ret() {
+    r.append(0xc3);
+  }
+
+  void jmp(Label& label) {
+    r.append(0xE9);
+    label.reference(&r, r.length() + 4);
+  }
+
+  void jmp(Register reg) {
+    r.append(0xff);
+    r.append(0xe0 | reg);
+  }
+
+  void jmp(Register reg, int offset) {
+    r.append(0xff);
+    r.append(0x60 | reg);
+    r.append(offset);
+  }
+
+  void jnz(Label& label) {
+    r.append(0x0F);
+    r.append(0x85);
+    label.reference(&r, r.length() + 4);
+  }
+
+  void jne(Label& label) {
+    jnz(label);
+  }
+
+  void cmp(int v, Register reg) {
+    r.append(0x83);
+    r.append(0xf8 | reg);
+    r.append(v);
+  }
+
+  void call(Register reg) {
+    r.append(0xff);
+    r.append(0xd0 | reg);
+  }
+
+  Rope r;
+};
+
+void
+compileMethod(Thread* t, object method);
+
+int
+localOffset(int v, int parameterFootprint)
+{
+  v *= 4;
+  if (v < parameterFootprint) {
+    return v + 8 + FrameFootprint;
+  } else {
+    return -(v + 4 - parameterFootprint);
+  }
+}
+
+class Compiler: public Assembler {
  public:
   Compiler(System* s):
     Assembler(s)
@@ -92,9 +327,10 @@ class Compiler: private Assembler {
     mov(esp, ebp);
 
     object code = methodCode(t, method);
+    unsigned parameterFootprint = methodParameterFootprint(t, method) * 4;
 
     // reserve space for local variables
-    sub(codeMaxLocals(t, code), esp);
+    sub((codeMaxLocals(t, code) * 4) - parameterFootprint, esp);
     
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < codeLength(t, code);) {
       switch (codeBody(t, code, i++)) {
@@ -135,50 +371,42 @@ class Compiler: private Assembler {
 
       case iload_0:
       case fload_0:
-        mov(ebp, 0, eax);
-        push(eax);
+        push(ebp, localOffset(0, parameterFootprint));
         break;
 
       case iload_1:
       case fload_1:
-        mov(ebp, -1, eax);
-        push(eax);
+        push(ebp, localOffset(1, parameterFootprint));
         break;
 
       case iload_2:
       case fload_2:
-        mov(ebp, -2, eax);
-        push(eax);
+        push(ebp, localOffset(2, parameterFootprint));
         break;
 
       case iload_3:
       case fload_3:
-        mov(ebp, -3, eax);
-        push(eax);
+        push(ebp, localOffset(3, parameterFootprint));
         break;
 
       case istore_0:
       case fstore_0:
-        pop(eax);
-        mov(eax, ebp, 0);
+        pop(ebp, localOffset(0, parameterFootprint));
         break;
 
       case istore_1:
       case fstore_1:
-        pop(eax);
-        mov(eax, ebp, -1);
+        pop(ebp, localOffset(1, parameterFootprint));
         break;
 
       case istore_2:
       case fstore_2:
-        pop(eax);
-        mov(eax, ebp, -2);
+        pop(ebp, localOffset(2, parameterFootprint));
         break;
 
       case istore_3:
       case fstore_3:
-        pop(eax);
-        mov(eax, ebp, -3);
+        pop(ebp, localOffset(3, parameterFootprint));
         break;
 
       case return_:
@@ -192,26 +420,345 @@ class Compiler: private Assembler {
       }
     }
   }
+
+  void compileStub(MyThread* t) {
+    unsigned frameOffset = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&(t->frame))
+      - reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(t);
+
+    push(ebp);
+    mov(esp, ebp);
+
+    mov(ebp, FrameThread, eax);
+    mov(ebp, eax, frameOffset);              // set thread frame to current
+
+    push(ebp, FrameMethod);
+    push(ebp, FrameThread);
+    mov(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(compileMethod), eax);
+    call(eax);
+    add(8, esp);
+
+    mov(ebp, FrameMethod, eax);
+    mov(eax, MethodCompiled, eax);           // load compiled code
+
+    mov(ebp, esp);
+    pop(ebp);
+    
+    add(CompiledBody, eax);
+    jmp(eax);                                // call compiled code
+  }
+};
+
+void
+compileMethod(Thread* t, object method)
+{
+  if (methodCompiled(t, method) == t->m->processor->methodStub(t)) {
+    PROTECT(t, method);
+
+    ACQUIRE(t, t->m->classLock);
+    
+    if (methodCompiled(t, method) == t->m->processor->methodStub(t)) {
+      Compiler c(t->m->system);
+      c.compile(t, method);
+    
+      object compiled = makeCompiled(t, 0, c.r.length(), false);
+      c.r.copyTo(&compiledBody(t, compiled, 0));
+    
+      set(t, methodCompiled(t, method), compiled);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+object
+compileStub(Thread* t)
+{
+  Compiler c(t->m->system);
+  c.compileStub(static_cast<MyThread*>(t));
+  
+  object stub = makeCompiled(t, 0, c.r.length(), false);
+  c.r.copyTo(&compiledBody(t, stub, 0));
+
+  return stub;
+}
+
+class ArgumentList {
+ public:
+  ArgumentList(Thread* t, uintptr_t* array, bool* objectMask, object this_,
+               const char* spec, bool indirectObjects, va_list arguments):
+    t(static_cast<MyThread*>(t)),
+    next(this->t->argumentList),
+    array(array),
+    objectMask(objectMask),
+    position(0)
+  {
+    this->t->argumentList = this;
+
+    addInt(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(t));
+    addObject(0); // reserve space for method
+    addInt(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(this->t->frame));
+
+    if (this_) {
+      addObject(this_);
+    }
+
+    const char* s = spec;
+    ++ s; // skip '('
+    while (*s and *s != ')') {
+      switch (*s) {
+      case 'L':
+        while (*s and *s != ';') ++ s;
+        ++ s;
+
+        if (indirectObjects) {
+          object* v = va_arg(arguments, object*);
+          addObject(v ? *v : 0);
+        } else {
+          addObject(va_arg(arguments, object));
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case '[':
+        while (*s == '[') ++ s;
+        switch (*s) {
+        case 'L':
+          while (*s and *s != ';') ++ s;
+          ++ s;
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          ++ s;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        if (indirectObjects) {
+          object* v = va_arg(arguments, object*);
+          addObject(v ? *v : 0);
+        } else {
+          addObject(va_arg(arguments, object));
+        }
+        break;
+      
+      case 'J':
+      case 'D':
+        ++ s;
+        addLong(va_arg(arguments, uint64_t));
+        break;
+          
+      default:
+        ++ s;
+        addInt(va_arg(arguments, uint32_t));
+        break;
+      }
+    }    
+  }
+
+  ArgumentList(Thread* t, uintptr_t* array, bool* objectMask, object this_,
+               const char* spec, object arguments):
+    t(static_cast<MyThread*>(t)),
+    next(this->t->argumentList),
+    array(array),
+    objectMask(objectMask),
+    position(0)
+  {
+    this->t->argumentList = this;
+
+    addInt(0); // reserve space for trace pointer
+    addObject(0); // reserve space for method pointer
+
+    if (this_) {
+      addObject(this_);
+    }
+
+    unsigned index = 0;
+    const char* s = spec;
+    ++ s; // skip '('
+    while (*s and *s != ')') {
+      switch (*s) {
+      case 'L':
+        while (*s and *s != ';') ++ s;
+        ++ s;
+        addObject(objectArrayBody(t, arguments, index++));
+        break;
+
+      case '[':
+        while (*s == '[') ++ s;
+        switch (*s) {
+        case 'L':
+          while (*s and *s != ';') ++ s;
+          ++ s;
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          ++ s;
+          break;
+        }
+        addObject(objectArrayBody(t, arguments, index++));
+        break;
+      
+      case 'J':
+      case 'D':
+        ++ s;
+        addLong(cast<int64_t>(objectArrayBody(t, arguments, index++),
+                              BytesPerWord));
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        ++ s;
+        addInt(cast<int32_t>(objectArrayBody(t, arguments, index++),
+                             BytesPerWord));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~ArgumentList() {
+    t->argumentList = next;
+  }
+
+  void addObject(object v) {
+    array[position] = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(v);
+    objectMask[position] = true;
+    ++ position;
+  }
+
+  void addInt(uint32_t v) {
+    array[position] = v;
+    objectMask[position] = false;
+    ++ position;
+  }
+
+  void addLong(uint64_t v) {
+    memcpy(array + position, &v, 8);
+    objectMask[position] = false;
+    objectMask[position] = false;
+    position += 2;
+  }
+
+  MyThread* t;
+  ArgumentList* next;
+  uintptr_t* array;
+  bool* objectMask;
+  unsigned position;
 };
 
 object
-compile(Thread* t, object method)
+invoke(Thread* thread, object method, ArgumentList* arguments)
 {
-  Compiler c(t->vm->system);
-  c.compile(t, method);
+  MyThread* t = static_cast<MyThread*>(thread);
+
+  arguments->array[1] = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(method);
   
-  object r = makeByteArray(t, c.rope.length(), false);
-  c.rope.copyTo(&byteArrayBody(t, r, 0));
+  const char* s = reinterpret_cast<const char*>
+    (&byteArrayBody(t, methodSpec(t, method), 0));
+  while (*s and *s != ')') ++s;
+  unsigned returnCode = fieldCode(t, s[1]);
+  unsigned returnType = fieldType(t, returnCode);
+
+  uint64_t result = cdeclCall
+    (&compiledBody(t, methodCompiled(t, method), 0), arguments->array,
+     arguments->position * 4, returnType);
+
+  object r;
+  switch (returnCode) {
+  case ByteField:
+  case BooleanField:
+  case CharField:
+  case ShortField:
+  case FloatField:
+  case IntField:
+    r = makeInt(t, result);
+    break;
+
+  case LongField:
+  case DoubleField:
+    r = makeLong(t, result);
+    break;
+
+  case ObjectField:
+    r = (result == 0 ? 0 :
+         *reinterpret_cast<object*>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(result)));
+    break;
+
+  case VoidField:
+    r = 0;
+    break;
+
+  default:
+    abort(t);
+  };
 
   return r;
 }
 
-class MyInvoker: public Invoker {
+class MyProcessor: public Processor {
  public:
-  MyInvoker(System* s):
-    s(s)
+  MyProcessor(System* s):
+    s(s),
+    stub(0)
   { }
 
+  virtual Thread*
+  makeThread(Machine* m, object javaThread, Thread* parent)
+  {
+    return new (s->allocate(sizeof(MyThread))) MyThread(m, javaThread, parent);
+  }
+
+  virtual object
+  methodStub(Thread* t)
+  {
+    if (stub == 0) {
+      stub = compileStub(t);
+    }
+    return stub;
+  }
+
+  virtual void
+  visitObjects(Thread* t, Heap::Visitor*)
+  {
+    abort(t);
+  }
+
+  virtual uintptr_t
+  frameStart(Thread* t)
+  {
+    abort(t);
+  }
+
+  virtual uintptr_t
+  frameNext(Thread* t, uintptr_t)
+  {
+    abort(t);
+  }
+
+  virtual bool
+  frameValid(Thread* t, uintptr_t)
+  {
+    abort(t);
+  }
+
+  virtual object
+  frameMethod(Thread* t, uintptr_t)
+  {
+    abort(t);
+  }
+
+  virtual unsigned
+  frameIp(Thread* t, uintptr_t)
+  {
+    abort(t);
+  }
+
+  virtual object*
+  makeLocalReference(Thread* t, object)
+  {
+    abort(t);
+  }
+
+  virtual void
+  disposeLocalReference(Thread* t, object*)
+  {
+    abort(t);
+  }
+
   virtual object
   invokeArray(Thread* t, object method, object this_, object arguments)
   {
@@ -220,10 +767,15 @@ class MyInvoker: public Invoker {
 
     assert(t, ((methodFlags(t, method) & ACC_STATIC) == 0) xor (this_ == 0));
 
-    uintptr_t a[methodParameterCount(t, method) * 2];
-    ArgumentArray array(t, a, method, this_, spec, arguments);
+    const char* spec = reinterpret_cast<char*>
+      (&byteArrayBody(t, methodSpec(t, method), 0));
+
+    unsigned size = methodParameterCount(t, method) * 2;
+    uintptr_t array[size];
+    bool objectMask[size];
+    ArgumentList list(t, array, objectMask, this_, spec, arguments);
     
-    return invoke(t, method, &array);
+    return ::invoke(t, method, &list);
   }
 
   virtual object
@@ -235,10 +787,16 @@ class MyInvoker: public Invoker {
 
     assert(t, ((methodFlags(t, method) & ACC_STATIC) == 0) xor (this_ == 0));
     
-    uintptr_t a[methodParameterCount(t, method) * 2];
-    ArgumentArray array(t, a, method, this_, spec, indirectObjects, arguments);
+    const char* spec = reinterpret_cast<char*>
+      (&byteArrayBody(t, methodSpec(t, method), 0));
 
-    return invoke(t, method, &array);
+    unsigned size = methodParameterCount(t, method) * 2;
+    uintptr_t array[size];
+    bool objectMask[size];
+    ArgumentList list
+      (t, array, objectMask, this_, spec, indirectObjects, arguments);
+
+    return ::invoke(t, method, &list);
   }
 
   virtual object
@@ -248,14 +806,17 @@ class MyInvoker: public Invoker {
     assert(t, t->state == Thread::ActiveState
            or t->state == Thread::ExclusiveState);
 
-    uintptr_t a[methodParameterCount(t, method) * 2];
-    ArgumentArray array(t, a, method, this_, methodSpec, false, arguments);
+    unsigned size = parameterCount(methodSpec) * 2;
+    uintptr_t array[size];
+    bool objectMask[size];
+    ArgumentList list
+      (t, array, objectMask, this_, methodSpec, false, arguments);
 
     object method = resolveMethod(t, className, methodName, methodSpec);
     if (LIKELY(t->exception == 0)) {
       assert(t, ((methodFlags(t, method) & ACC_STATIC) == 0) xor (this_ == 0));
 
-      return invoke(t, method, &array);
+      return ::invoke(t, method, &list);
     } else {
       return 0;
     }
@@ -266,16 +827,18 @@ class MyInvoker: public Invoker {
   }
   
   System* s;
+  object stub;
 };
 
 } // namespace
 
 namespace vm {
 
-Invoker*
-makeInvoker(System* system)
+Processor*
+makeProcessor(System* system)
 {
-  return new (system->allocate(sizeof(MyInvoker))) MyInvoker(system);
+  return new (system->allocate(sizeof(MyProcessor))) MyProcessor(system);
 }
 
 } // namespace vm
+
diff --git a/src/interpret.cpp b/src/interpret.cpp
index 3a4fb5ac33..3b51924565 100644
--- a/src/interpret.cpp
+++ b/src/interpret.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ using namespace vm;
 
 namespace {
 
+const unsigned FrameBaseOffset = 0;
+const unsigned FrameNextOffset = 1;
+const unsigned FrameMethodOffset = 2;
+const unsigned FrameIpOffset = 3;
+const unsigned FrameFootprint = 4;
+
 class Thread: public vm::Thread {
  public:
   static const unsigned StackSizeInBytes = 64 * 1024;
@@ -3012,6 +3018,12 @@ class MyProcessor: public Processor {
     return new (s->allocate(sizeof(Thread))) Thread(m, javaThread, parent);
   }
 
+  virtual object
+  methodStub(vm::Thread*)
+  {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
   virtual void
   visitObjects(vm::Thread* vmt, Heap::Visitor* v)
   {
@@ -3112,8 +3124,7 @@ class MyProcessor: public Processor {
 
   virtual object
   invokeList(vm::Thread* vmt, object method, object this_,
-             bool indirectObjects,
-             va_list arguments)
+             bool indirectObjects, va_list arguments)
   {
     Thread* t = static_cast<Thread*>(vmt);
 
diff --git a/src/machine.cpp b/src/machine.cpp
index 48011f44ba..afb5616b11 100644
--- a/src/machine.cpp
+++ b/src/machine.cpp
@@ -917,6 +917,7 @@ parseMethodTable(Thread* t, Stream& s, object class_, object pool)
                  methodName(t, method),
                  methodSpec(t, method),
                  methodClass(t, method),
+                 0,
                  0);
               hashMapInsert(t, virtualMap, method, method, methodHash);
             }
@@ -986,7 +987,8 @@ parseMethodTable(Thread* t, Stream& s, object class_, object pool)
                                  arrayBody(t, pool, name - 1),
                                  arrayBody(t, pool, spec - 1),
                                  class_,
-                                 code);
+                                 code,
+                                 (code ? t->m->processor->methodStub(t) : 0));
       PROTECT(t, method);
 
       if (flags & ACC_STATIC) {
diff --git a/src/machine.h b/src/machine.h
index 890fa7f9c5..c2a625a4b9 100644
--- a/src/machine.h
+++ b/src/machine.h
@@ -29,12 +29,6 @@ const bool DebugReferences = false;
 const uintptr_t HashTakenMark = 1;
 const uintptr_t ExtendedMark = 2;
 
-const unsigned FrameBaseOffset = 0;
-const unsigned FrameNextOffset = 1;
-const unsigned FrameMethodOffset = 2;
-const unsigned FrameIpOffset = 3;
-const unsigned FrameFootprint = 4;
-
 enum FieldCode {
   VoidField,
   ByteField,
@@ -65,6 +59,7 @@ const unsigned PrimitiveFlag = 1 << 4;
 
 // method flags:
 const unsigned ClassInitFlag = 1 << 0;
+const unsigned CompiledFlag = 1 << 1;
 
 typedef Machine JavaVM;
 typedef Thread JNIEnv;
diff --git a/src/processor.h b/src/processor.h
index fa91fadbdc..cd4165057a 100644
--- a/src/processor.h
+++ b/src/processor.h
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ class Processor {
   virtual Thread*
   makeThread(Machine* m, object javaThread, Thread* parent) = 0;
 
+  virtual object
+  methodStub(Thread* t) = 0;
+
   virtual void
   visitObjects(Thread* t, Heap::Visitor* v) = 0;
 
diff --git a/src/system.cpp b/src/system.cpp
index 493d311833..67e7ca96cf 100644
--- a/src/system.cpp
+++ b/src/system.cpp
@@ -15,14 +15,10 @@
 
 #define ACQUIRE(x) MutexResource MAKE_NAME(mutexResource_) (x)
 
-#ifdef __i386__
-
-extern "C" uint64_t
-cdeclCall(void* function, void* stack, unsigned stackSize,
-          unsigned returnType);
-
 namespace {
 
+#ifdef __i386__
+
 inline uint64_t
 dynamicCall(void* function, uintptr_t* arguments, uint8_t*,
             unsigned, unsigned argumentsSize, unsigned returnType)
@@ -30,16 +26,8 @@ dynamicCall(void* function, uintptr_t* arguments, uint8_t*,
   return cdeclCall(function, arguments, argumentsSize, returnType);
 }
 
-} // namespace
-
 #elif defined __x86_64__
 
-extern "C" uint64_t
-amd64Call(void* function, void* stack, unsigned stackSize,
-          void* gprTable, void* sseTable, unsigned returnType);
-
-namespace {
-
 uint64_t
 dynamicCall(void* function, uint64_t* arguments, uint8_t* argumentTypes,
             unsigned argumentCount, unsigned, unsigned returnType)
@@ -80,12 +68,12 @@ dynamicCall(void* function, uint64_t* arguments, uint8_t* argumentTypes,
                    (sseIndex ? sseTable : 0), returnType);
 }
 
-} // namespace
-
 #else
 #  error unsupported platform
 #endif
 
+}
+
 using namespace vm;
 
 namespace {
diff --git a/src/type-generator.cpp b/src/type-generator.cpp
index 6409cfb964..3adff315ce 100644
--- a/src/type-generator.cpp
+++ b/src/type-generator.cpp
@@ -1035,6 +1035,15 @@ writeAccessor(Output* out, Object* member, Object* offset, bool unsafe = false)
   const char* typeName = memberTypeName(member);
   if (memberTypeObject(member)) typeName = capitalize(typeName);
 
+  if (not unsafe) {
+    out->write("const unsigned ");
+    out->write(capitalize(::typeName(memberOwner(member))));
+    out->write(capitalize(memberName(member)));
+    out->write(" = ");
+    writeOffset(out, offset);
+    out->write(";\n\n");
+  }
+
   out->write("inline ");
   out->write(typeName);
   if (member->type != Object::Scalar and memberTypeObject(member)) {
@@ -1094,7 +1103,10 @@ writeAccessor(Output* out, Object* member, Object* offset, bool unsafe = false)
   } else {
     out->write("[");
   }
-  writeOffset(out, offset);
+
+  out->write(capitalize(::typeName(memberOwner(member))));
+  out->write(capitalize(memberName(member)));
+
   if (member->type != Object::Scalar) {
     out->write(" + (i * ");
     unsigned elementSize = (memberTypeObject(member) ?
diff --git a/src/types.def b/src/types.def
index 737771b152..4e0dfe8bfe 100644
--- a/src/types.def
+++ b/src/types.def
@@ -48,7 +48,12 @@
   (object name)
   (object spec)
   (object class)
-  (object code))
+  (object code)
+  (object compiled))
+
+(type compiled
+  (nogc object method)
+  (array uint8_t body))
 
 (type nativeMethodData
   (void* function)