Flow cookbook added and merged into flow API page.

This commit is contained in:
Joel Dudley
2017-06-22 16:13:54 +01:00
parent 575acd2983
commit e62a54b74d
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@ -9,9 +9,13 @@ API: Flows
.. note:: Before reading this page, you should be familiar with the key concepts of :doc:`key-concepts-flows`.
.. contents::
An example flow
---------------
Let's imagine a flow for agreeing a basic ledger update between Alice and Bob. This flow will have two sides:
Before we discuss the API offered by the flow, let's consider what a standard flow may look like.
Imagine a flow for agreeing a basic ledger update between Alice and Bob. This flow will have two sides:
* An ``Initiator`` side, that will initiate the request to update the ledger
* A ``Responder`` side, that will respond to the request to update the ledger
@ -76,23 +80,42 @@ To respond to these actions, the responder takes the following steps:
FlowLogic
---------
In practice, a flow is implemented as one or more communicating ``FlowLogic`` subclasses. Each ``FlowLogic`` subclass
must override ``FlowLogic.call()``, which describes the actions it will take as part of the flow.
In practice, a flow is implemented as one or more communicating ``FlowLogic`` subclasses. The ``FlowLogic``
subclass's constructor can take any number of arguments of any type. The generic of ``FlowLogic`` (e.g.
``FlowLogic<SignedTransaction>``) indicates the flow's return type.
So in the example above, we would have an ``Initiator`` ``FlowLogic`` subclass and a ``Responder`` ``FlowLogic``
subclass. The actions of the initiator's side of the flow would be defined in ``Initiator.call``, and the actions
of the responder's side of the flow would be defined in ``Responder.call``.
.. container:: codeset
.. sourcecode:: kotlin
class Initiator(val arg1: Boolean,
val arg2: Int,
val counterparty: Party): FlowLogic<SignedTransaction>() { }
class Responder(val otherParty: Party) : FlowLogic<Unit>() { }
.. sourcecode:: java
public static class Initiator extends FlowLogic<SignedTransaction> {
private final boolean arg1;
private final int arg2;
private final Party counterparty;
public Initiator(boolean arg1, int arg2, Party counterparty) {
this.arg1 = arg1;
this.arg2 = arg2;
this.counterparty = counterparty;
}
}
public static class Responder extends FlowLogic<Void> { }
FlowLogic annotations
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
---------------------
Any flow that you wish to start either directly via RPC or as a subflow must be annotated with the
``@InitiatingFlow`` annotation. Additionally, if you wish to start the flow via RPC, you must annotate it with the
``@StartableByRPC`` annotation.
Any flow that responds to a message from another flow must be annotated with the ``@InitiatedBy`` annotation.
``@InitiatedBy`` takes the class of the flow it is responding to as its single parameter.
So in our example, we would have:
``@StartableByRPC`` annotation:
.. container:: codeset
@ -100,74 +123,145 @@ So in our example, we would have:
@InitiatingFlow
@StartableByRPC
class Initiator(): FlowLogic<Unit>() {
...
@InitiatedBy(Initiator::class)
class Responder(val otherParty: Party) : FlowLogic<Unit>() {
class Initiator(): FlowLogic<Unit>() { }
.. sourcecode:: java
@InitiatingFlow
@StartableByRPC
public static class Initiator extends FlowLogic<Unit> {
public static class Initiator extends FlowLogic<Unit> { }
...
Meanwhile, any flow that responds to a message from another flow must be annotated with the ``@InitiatedBy`` annotation.
``@InitiatedBy`` takes the class of the flow it is responding to as its single parameter:
.. container:: codeset
.. sourcecode:: kotlin
@InitiatedBy(Initiator::class)
class Responder(val otherParty: Party) : FlowLogic<Unit>() { }
.. sourcecode:: java
@InitiatedBy(Initiator.class)
public static class Responder extends FlowLogic<Void> {
public static class Responder extends FlowLogic<Void> { }
Additionally, any flow that is started by a ``SchedulableState`` must be annotated with the ``@SchedulableFlow``
annotation.
ServiceHub
----------
Within ``FlowLogic.call``, the flow developer has access to the node's ``ServiceHub``, which provides access to the
various services the node provides. See :doc:`api-service-hub` for information about the services the ``ServiceHub``
offers.
Call
----
Each ``FlowLogic`` subclass must override ``FlowLogic.call()``, which describes the actions it will take as part of
the flow. For example, the actions of the initiator's side of the flow would be defined in ``Initiator.call``, and the
actions of the responder's side of the flow would be defined in ``Responder.call``.
Some common tasks performed using the ``ServiceHub`` are:
* Looking up your own identity or the identity of a counterparty using the ``networkMapCache``
* Identifying the providers of a given service (e.g. a notary service) using the ``networkMapCache``
* Retrieving states to use in a transaction using the ``vaultService``
* Retrieving attachments and past transactions to use in a transaction using the ``storageService``
* Creating a timestamp using the ``clock``
* Signing a transaction using the ``keyManagementService``
Common flow tasks
-----------------
There are a number of common tasks that you will need to perform within ``FlowLogic.call`` in order to agree ledger
updates. This section details the API for the most common tasks.
Retrieving information about other nodes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We use the network map to retrieve information about other nodes on the network:
In order for nodes to be able to run multiple flows concurrently, and to allow flows to survive node upgrades and
restarts, flows need to be checkpointable and serializable to disk. This is achieved by marking ``FlowLogic.call()``,
as well as any function invoked from within ``FlowLogic.call()``, with an ``@Suspendable`` annotation.
.. container:: codeset
.. sourcecode:: kotlin
val networkMap = serviceHub.networkMapCache
val allNodes = networkMap.partyNodes
val allNotaryNodes = networkMap.notaryNodes
val randomNotaryNode = networkMap.getAnyNotary()
val alice = networkMap.getNodeByLegalName(X500Name("CN=Alice,O=Alice,L=London,C=GB"))
val bob = networkMap.getNodeByLegalIdentityKey(bobsKey)
class Initiator(val counterparty: Party): FlowLogic<Unit>() {
@Suspendable
override fun call() { }
}
.. sourcecode:: java
final NetworkMapCache networkMap = getServiceHub().getNetworkMapCache();
public static class InitiatorFlow extends FlowLogic<Void> {
private final Party counterparty;
final List<NodeInfo> allNodes = networkMap.getPartyNodes();
final List<NodeInfo> allNotaryNodes = networkMap.getNotaryNodes();
final Party randomNotaryNode = networkMap.getAnyNotary(null);
public Initiator(Party counterparty) {
this.counterparty = counterparty;
}
final NodeInfo alice = networkMap.getNodeByLegalName(new X500Name("CN=Alice,O=Alice,L=London,C=GB"));
final NodeInfo bob = networkMap.getNodeByLegalIdentityKey(bobsKey);
@Suspendable
@Override
public Void call() throws FlowException { }
}
ServiceHub
----------
Within ``FlowLogic.call``, the flow developer has access to the node's ``ServiceHub``, which provides access to the
various services the node provides. We will use the ``ServiceHub`` extensively in the examples that follow. You can
also see :doc:`api-service-hub` for information about the services the ``ServiceHub`` offers.
Common flow tasks
-----------------
There are a number of common tasks that you will need to perform within ``FlowLogic.call`` in order to agree ledger
updates. This section details the API for common tasks.
Transaction building
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The majority of the work performed during a flow will be to build, verify and sign a transaction. We cover this in
:doc:`api-transactions`.
Retrieving information about other nodes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We can retrieve information about other nodes on the network and the services they offer using
``ServiceHub.networkMapCache``.
Notaries
~~~~~~~~
Remember that a transaction generally needs a notary to:
* Prevent double-spends if the transaction has inputs
* Serve as a timestamping authority if the transaction has a time-window
There are several ways to retrieve a notary from the network map:
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
:start-after: DOCSTART 1
:end-before: DOCEND 1
:dedent: 12
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/java/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbookJava.java
:language: java
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:dedent: 12
Specific counterparties
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We can also use the network map to retrieve a specific counterparty:
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
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:language: java
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Specific services
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Finally, we can use the map to identify nodes providing a specific service (e.g. a regulator or an oracle):
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
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:end-before: DOCEND 3
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:language: java
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Communication between parties
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -180,50 +274,121 @@ Communication between parties
* ``sendAndReceive(receiveType: Class<R>, otherParty: Party, payload: Any)``
* Sends the ``payload`` object to the ``otherParty``, and receives an object of type ``receiveType`` back
Each ``FlowLogic`` subclass can be annotated to respond to messages from a given *counterparty* flow using the
``@InitiatedBy`` annotation. When a node first receives a message from a given ``FlowLogic.call()`` invocation, it
responds as follows:
* The node checks whether they have a ``FlowLogic`` subclass that is registered to respond to the ``FlowLogic`` that
is sending the message:
a. If yes, the node starts an instance of this ``FlowLogic`` by invoking ``FlowLogic.call()``
b. Otherwise, the node ignores the message
* The counterparty steps through their ``FlowLogic.call()`` method until they encounter a call to ``receive()``, at
which point they process the message from the initiator
Upon calling ``receive()``/``sendAndReceive()``, the ``FlowLogic`` is suspended until it receives a response.
UntrustworthyData
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``send()`` and ``sendAndReceive()`` return a payload wrapped in an ``UntrustworthyData`` instance. This is a
reminder that any data received off the wire is untrustworthy and must be verified.
We verify the ``UntrustworthyData`` and retrieve its payload by calling ``unwrap``:
Send
~~~~
We can send arbitrary data to a counterparty:
.. container:: codeset
.. sourcecode:: kotlin
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
:start-after: DOCSTART 4
:end-before: DOCEND 4
:dedent: 12
val partSignedTx = receive<SignedTransaction>(otherParty).unwrap { partSignedTx ->
val wireTx = partSignedTx.verifySignatures(keyPair.public, notaryPubKey)
wireTx.toLedgerTransaction(serviceHub).verify()
partSignedTx
}
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/java/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbookJava.java
:language: java
:start-after: DOCSTART 4
:end-before: DOCEND 4
:dedent: 12
.. sourcecode:: java
If this is the first ``send``, the counterparty will either:
final SignedTransaction partSignedTx = receive(SignedTransaction.class, otherParty)
.unwrap(tx -> {
try {
final WireTransaction wireTx = tx.verifySignatures(keyPair.getPublic(), notaryPubKey);
wireTx.toLedgerTransaction(getServiceHub()).verify();
} catch (SignatureException ex) {
throw new FlowException(tx.getId() + " failed signature checks", ex);
}
return tx;
});
1. Ignore the message if they are not registered to respond to messages from this flow.
2. Start the flow they have registered to respond to this flow, and run the flow until the first call to ``receive``,
at which point they process the message. In other words, we are assuming that the counterparty is registered to
respond to this flow, and has a corresponding ``receive`` call.
Receive
~~~~~~~
We can also wait to receive arbitrary data of a specific type from a counterparty. Again, this implies a corresponding
``send`` call in the counterparty's flow. A few scenarios:
* We never receive a message back. In the current design, the flow is paused until the node's owner kills the flow.
* Instead of sending a message back, the counterparty throws a ``FlowException``. This exception is propagated back
to us, and we can use the error message to establish what happened.
* We receive a message back, but it's of the wrong type. In this case, a ``FlowException`` is thrown.
* We receive back a message of the correct type. All is good.
Upon calling ``receive`` (or ``sendAndReceive``), the ``FlowLogic`` is suspended until it receives a response.
We receive the data wrapped in an ``UntrustworthyData`` instance. This is a reminder that the data we receive may not
be what it appears to be! We must unwrap the ``UntrustworthyData`` using a lambda:
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
:start-after: DOCSTART 5
:end-before: DOCEND 5
:dedent: 12
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/java/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbookJava.java
:language: java
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:end-before: DOCEND 5
:dedent: 12
We're not limited to sending to and receiving from a single counterparty. A flow can send messages to as many parties
as it likes, and each party can invoke a different response flow:
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
:start-after: DOCSTART 6
:end-before: DOCEND 6
:dedent: 12
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:language: java
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:dedent: 12
SendAndReceive
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We can also use a single call to send data to a counterparty and wait to receive data of a specific type back. The
type of data sent doesn't need to match the type of the data received back:
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
:start-after: DOCSTART 7
:end-before: DOCEND 7
:dedent: 12
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/java/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbookJava.java
:language: java
:start-after: DOCSTART 7
:end-before: DOCEND 7
:dedent: 12
Counterparty response
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Suppose we're now on the ``Responder`` side of the flow. We just received the following series of messages from the
``Initiator``:
1. They sent us an ``Any`` instance
2. They waited to receive an ``Integer`` instance back
3. They sent a ``String`` instance and waited to receive a ``Boolean`` instance back
Our side of the flow must mirror these calls. We could do this as follows:
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
:start-after: DOCSTART 8
:end-before: DOCEND 8
:dedent: 12
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/java/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbookJava.java
:language: java
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:end-before: DOCEND 8
:dedent: 12
Subflows
--------
@ -236,27 +401,118 @@ Corda provides a number of built-in flows that should be used for handling commo
* ``NotaryChangeFlow``, which should be used to change a state's notary
These flows are designed to be used as building blocks in your own flows. You invoke them by calling
``FlowLogic.subFlow`` from within your flow's ``call`` method. Here is an example from ``TwoPartyDealFlow.kt``:
``FlowLogic.subFlow`` from within your flow's ``call`` method. Let's look at three very common examples.
FinalityFlow
^^^^^^^^^^^^
``FinalityFlow`` allows us to notarise the transaction and get it recorded in the vault of the participants of all
the transaction's states:
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../core/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/flows/TwoPartyDealFlow.kt
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
:start-after: DOCSTART 1
:end-before: DOCEND 1
:start-after: DOCSTART 9
:end-before: DOCEND 9
:dedent: 12
In this example, we are starting a ``CollectSignaturesFlow``, passing in a partially signed transaction, and
receiving back a fully-signed version of the same transaction.
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/java/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbookJava.java
:language: java
:start-after: DOCSTART 9
:end-before: DOCEND 9
:dedent: 12
Subflows in our example flow
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In practice, many of the actions in our example flow would be automated using subflows:
We can also choose to send the transaction to additional parties who aren't one of the state's participants:
* Parts 2-4 of ``Initiator.call`` should be automated by invoking ``CollectSignaturesFlow``
* Part 5 of ``Initiator.call`` should be automated by invoking ``FinalityFlow``
* Part 1 of ``Responder.call`` should be automated by invoking ``SignTransactionFlow``
* Part 2 of ``Responder.call`` will be handled automatically when the counterparty invokes ``FinalityFlow``
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
:start-after: DOCSTART 10
:end-before: DOCEND 10
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:language: java
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Only one party has to call ``FinalityFlow`` for a given transaction to be recorded by all participants. It does
**not** need to be called by each participant individually.
CollectSignaturesFlow/SignTransactionFlow
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The list of parties who need to sign a transaction is dictated by the transaction's commands. Once we've signed a
transaction ourselves, we can automatically gather the signatures of the other required signers using
``CollectSignaturesFlow``:
.. container:: codeset
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:language: kotlin
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:end-before: DOCEND 15
:dedent: 12
Each required signer will need to respond by invoking its own ``SignTransactionFlow`` subclass to check the
transaction and provide their signature if they are satisfied:
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
:start-after: DOCSTART 16
:end-before: DOCEND 16
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:language: java
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:dedent: 12
ResolveTransactionsFlow
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Verifying a transaction will also verify every transaction in the transaction's dependency chain. So if we receive a
transaction from a counterparty and it has any dependencies, we'd need to download all of these dependencies
using``ResolveTransactionsFlow`` before verifying it:
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
:start-after: DOCSTART 13
:end-before: DOCEND 13
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:language: java
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We can also resolve a `StateRef` dependency chain:
.. container:: codeset
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FlowException
-------------
@ -283,18 +539,38 @@ There are many scenarios in which throwing a ``FlowException`` would be appropri
* The transaction does not match the parameters of the deal as discussed
* You are reneging on a deal
Suspending flows
----------------
In order for nodes to be able to run multiple flows concurrently, and to allow flows to survive node upgrades and
restarts, flows need to be checkpointable and serializable to disk.
ProgressTracker
---------------
We can give our flow a progress tracker. This allows us to see the flow's progress visually in our node's CRaSH shell.
This is achieved by marking any function invoked from within ``FlowLogic.call()`` with an ``@Suspendable`` annotation.
We can see an example in ``CollectSignaturesFlow``:
To provide a progress tracker, we have to override ``FlowLogic.progressTracker`` in our flow:
.. container:: codeset
.. literalinclude:: ../../core/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/flows/CollectSignaturesFlow.kt
.. literalinclude:: ../../docs/source/example-code/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/docs/FlowCookbook.kt
:language: kotlin
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:end-before: DOCEND 1
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:end-before: DOCEND 17
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We then update the progress tracker's current step as we progress through the flow as follows:
.. container:: codeset
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