Refactor transaction serialization caching (#1078)

* Cache deserialized rather than serialized WireTransaction. Prevent repeated deserialization when adding signatures to the SignedTransaction.

* Added a test to check that stx copying and signature collection still works properly after (de)serialization

core/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/core/serialization/DefaultKryoCustomizer.kt

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ object DefaultKryoCustomizer {
             instantiatorStrategy = CustomInstantiatorStrategy()
 
             register(Arrays.asList("").javaClass, ArraysAsListSerializer())
-            register(SignedTransaction::class.java, ImmutableClassSerializer(SignedTransaction::class))
+            register(SignedTransaction::class.java, SignedTransactionSerializer)
             register(WireTransaction::class.java, WireTransactionSerializer)
             register(SerializedBytes::class.java, SerializedBytesSerializer)
 

core/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/core/serialization/Kryo.kt

@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ import com.esotericsoftware.kryo.io.Output
 import com.esotericsoftware.kryo.util.MapReferenceResolver
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting
 import net.corda.core.contracts.*
-import net.corda.core.crypto.Crypto
+import net.corda.core.crypto.*
-import net.corda.core.crypto.MetaData
-import net.corda.core.crypto.SecureHash
-import net.corda.core.crypto.SignatureType
 import net.corda.core.crypto.composite.CompositeKey
 import net.corda.core.identity.Party
+import net.corda.core.transactions.SignedTransaction
 import net.corda.core.transactions.WireTransaction
 import net.i2p.crypto.eddsa.EdDSAPrivateKey
 import net.i2p.crypto.eddsa.EdDSAPublicKey
@@ -277,11 +275,27 @@ object WireTransactionSerializer : Serializer<WireTransaction>() {
     }
 }
 
+@ThreadSafe
+object SignedTransactionSerializer : Serializer<SignedTransaction>() {
+    override fun write(kryo: Kryo, output: Output, obj: SignedTransaction) {
+        kryo.writeClassAndObject(output, obj.txBits)
+        kryo.writeClassAndObject(output, obj.sigs)
+    }
+
+    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+    override fun read(kryo: Kryo, input: Input, type: Class<SignedTransaction>): SignedTransaction {
+        return SignedTransaction(
+                kryo.readClassAndObject(input) as SerializedBytes<WireTransaction>,
+                kryo.readClassAndObject(input) as List<DigitalSignature.WithKey>
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 /** For serialising an ed25519 private key */
 @ThreadSafe
 object Ed25519PrivateKeySerializer : Serializer<EdDSAPrivateKey>() {
     override fun write(kryo: Kryo, output: Output, obj: EdDSAPrivateKey) {
-        check(obj.params == Crypto.EDDSA_ED25519_SHA512.algSpec )
+        check(obj.params == Crypto.EDDSA_ED25519_SHA512.algSpec)
         output.writeBytesWithLength(obj.seed)
     }
 

core/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/core/serialization/SerializationAPI.kt

@@ -135,7 +135,3 @@ class SerializedBytes<T : Any>(bytes: ByteArray) : OpaqueBytes(bytes) {
     // It's OK to use lazy here because SerializedBytes is configured to use the ImmutableClassSerializer.
     val hash: SecureHash by lazy { bytes.sha256() }
 }
-
-// The more specific deserialize version results in the bytes being cached, which is faster.
-@JvmName("SerializedBytesWireTransaction")
-fun SerializedBytes<WireTransaction>.deserialize(serializationFactory: SerializationFactory = SERIALIZATION_FACTORY, context: SerializationContext = P2P_CONTEXT): WireTransaction = WireTransaction.deserialize(this, serializationFactory, context)

core/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/core/transactions/SignedTransaction.kt

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import net.corda.core.crypto.isFulfilledBy
 import net.corda.core.node.ServiceHub
 import net.corda.core.serialization.CordaSerializable
 import net.corda.core.serialization.SerializedBytes
+import net.corda.core.serialization.deserialize
+import net.corda.core.serialization.serialize
 import net.corda.core.utilities.NonEmptySet
 import net.corda.core.utilities.toNonEmptySet
 import java.security.PublicKey
@@ -34,20 +36,21 @@ data class SignedTransaction(val txBits: SerializedBytes<WireTransaction>,
                              val sigs: List<DigitalSignature.WithKey>
 ) : NamedByHash {
 // DOCEND 1
+    constructor(wtx: WireTransaction, sigs: List<DigitalSignature.WithKey>) : this(wtx.serialize(), sigs) {
+        cachedTransaction = wtx
+    }
+
     init {
         require(sigs.isNotEmpty())
     }
 
-    // TODO: This needs to be reworked to ensure that the inner WireTransaction is only ever deserialised sandboxed.
+    /** Cache the deserialized form of the transaction. This is useful when building a transaction or collecting signatures. */
+    @Volatile @Transient private var cachedTransaction: WireTransaction? = null
 
     /** Lazily calculated access to the deserialised/hashed transaction data. */
-    val tx: WireTransaction by lazy { WireTransaction.deserialize(txBits) }
+    val tx: WireTransaction get() = cachedTransaction ?: txBits.deserialize().apply { cachedTransaction = this }
 
-    /**
+    /** The id of the contained [WireTransaction]. */
-     * The Merkle root of the inner [WireTransaction]. Note that this is _not_ the same as the simple hash of
-     * [txBits], which would not use the Merkle tree structure. If the difference isn't clear, please consult
-     * the user guide section "Transaction tear-offs" to learn more about Merkle trees.
-     */
     override val id: SecureHash get() = tx.id
 
     @CordaSerializable
@@ -87,7 +90,6 @@ data class SignedTransaction(val txBits: SerializedBytes<WireTransaction>,
         val needed = getMissingSignatures() - allowedToBeMissing
         if (needed.isNotEmpty())
                 throw SignaturesMissingException(needed.toNonEmptySet(), getMissingKeyDescriptions(needed), id)
-        check(tx.id == id)
         return tx
     }
 
@@ -131,10 +133,21 @@ data class SignedTransaction(val txBits: SerializedBytes<WireTransaction>,
     }
 
     /** Returns the same transaction but with an additional (unchecked) signature. */
-    fun withAdditionalSignature(sig: DigitalSignature.WithKey) = copy(sigs = sigs + sig)
+    fun withAdditionalSignature(sig: DigitalSignature.WithKey) = copyWithCache(listOf(sig))
 
     /** Returns the same transaction but with an additional (unchecked) signatures. */
-    fun withAdditionalSignatures(sigList: Iterable<DigitalSignature.WithKey>) = copy(sigs = sigs + sigList)
+    fun withAdditionalSignatures(sigList: Iterable<DigitalSignature.WithKey>) = copyWithCache(sigList)
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a copy of the SignedTransaction that includes the provided [sigList]. Also propagates the [cachedTransaction]
+     * so the contained transaction does not need to be deserialized again.
+     */
+    private fun copyWithCache(sigList: Iterable<DigitalSignature.WithKey>): SignedTransaction {
+        val cached = cachedTransaction
+        return copy(sigs = sigs + sigList).apply {
+            cachedTransaction = cached
+        }
+    }
 
     /** Alias for [withAdditionalSignature] to let you use Kotlin operator overloading. */
     operator fun plus(sig: DigitalSignature.WithKey) = withAdditionalSignature(sig)

core/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/core/transactions/TransactionBuilder.kt

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ open class TransactionBuilder(
                 throw IllegalStateException("Missing signatures on the transaction for the public keys: ${missing.joinToString()}")
         }
         val wtx = toWireTransaction()
-        return SignedTransaction(wtx.serialize(), ArrayList(currentSigs))
+        return SignedTransaction(wtx, ArrayList(currentSigs))
     }
 
     /**

core/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/core/transactions/WireTransaction.kt

@@ -8,18 +8,14 @@ import net.corda.core.crypto.keys
 import net.corda.core.identity.Party
 import net.corda.core.internal.Emoji
 import net.corda.core.node.ServicesForResolution
-import net.corda.core.serialization.*
-import net.corda.core.serialization.SerializationDefaults.P2P_CONTEXT
-import net.corda.core.serialization.SerializationDefaults.SERIALIZATION_FACTORY
 import java.security.PublicKey
 import java.security.SignatureException
 import java.util.function.Predicate
 
 /**
  * A transaction ready for serialisation, without any signatures attached. A WireTransaction is usually wrapped
- * by a [SignedTransaction] that carries the signatures over this payload. The hash of the wire transaction is
+ * by a [SignedTransaction] that carries the signatures over this payload.
- * the identity of the transaction, that is, it's possible for two [SignedTransaction]s with different sets of
+ * The identity of the transaction is the Merkle tree root of its components (see [MerkleTree]).
- * signatures to have the same identity hash.
  */
 class WireTransaction(
         /** Pointers to the input states on the ledger, identified by (tx identity hash, output index). */
@@ -38,20 +34,9 @@ class WireTransaction(
         checkInvariants()
     }
 
-    // Cache the serialised form of the transaction and its hash to give us fast access to it.
+    /** The transaction id is represented by the root hash of Merkle tree over the transaction components. */
-    @Volatile @Transient private var cachedBytes: SerializedBytes<WireTransaction>? = null
-    val serialized: SerializedBytes<WireTransaction> get() = cachedBytes ?: serialize().apply { cachedBytes = this }
-
     override val id: SecureHash by lazy { merkleTree.hash }
 
-    companion object {
-        fun deserialize(data: SerializedBytes<WireTransaction>, serializationFactory: SerializationFactory = SERIALIZATION_FACTORY, context: SerializationContext = P2P_CONTEXT): WireTransaction {
-            val wtx = data.deserialize<WireTransaction>(serializationFactory, context)
-            wtx.cachedBytes = data
-            return wtx
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Looks up identities and attachments from storage to generate a [LedgerTransaction]. A transaction is expected to
      * have been fully resolved using the resolution flow by this point.

core/src/test/kotlin/net/corda/core/contracts/TransactionTests.kt

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 
 class TransactionTests : TestDependencyInjectionBase() {
     private fun makeSigned(wtx: WireTransaction, vararg keys: KeyPair): SignedTransaction {
-        val bytes: SerializedBytes<WireTransaction> = wtx.serialized
+        return SignedTransaction(wtx, keys.map { it.sign(wtx.id.bytes) })
-        return SignedTransaction(bytes, keys.map { it.sign(wtx.id.bytes) })
     }
 
     @Test

core/src/test/kotlin/net/corda/core/crypto/PartialMerkleTreeTest.kt

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import net.corda.contracts.asset.Cash
 import net.corda.core.contracts.*
 import net.corda.core.crypto.SecureHash.Companion.zeroHash
 import net.corda.core.identity.Party
+import net.corda.core.serialization.deserialize
 import net.corda.core.serialization.serialize
 import net.corda.core.transactions.WireTransaction
 import net.corda.testing.*
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ class PartialMerkleTreeTest : TestDependencyInjectionBase() {
 
         val mt = testTx.buildFilteredTransaction(Predicate(::filtering))
         val leaves = mt.filteredLeaves
-        val d = WireTransaction.deserialize(testTx.serialized)
+        val d = testTx.serialize().deserialize()
         assertEquals(testTx.id, d.id)
         assertEquals(1, leaves.commands.size)
         assertEquals(1, leaves.outputs.size)

core/src/test/kotlin/net/corda/core/serialization/TransactionSerializationTests.kt

@@ -104,4 +104,18 @@ class TransactionSerializationTests : TestDependencyInjectionBase() {
         val stx = notaryServices.addSignature(ptx)
         assertEquals(TEST_TX_TIME, stx.tx.timeWindow?.midpoint)
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun storeAndLoadWhenSigning() {
+        val ptx = megaCorpServices.signInitialTransaction(tx)
+        ptx.verifySignaturesExcept(notaryServices.key.public)
+
+        val stored = ptx.serialize()
+        val loaded = stored.deserialize()
+
+        assertEquals(loaded, ptx)
+
+        val final = notaryServices.addSignature(loaded)
+        final.verifyRequiredSignatures()
+    }
 }

finance/src/test/kotlin/net/corda/contracts/testing/Generators.kt

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class SignedTransactionGenerator : Generator<SignedTransaction>(SignedTransactio
     override fun generate(random: SourceOfRandomness, status: GenerationStatus): SignedTransaction {
         val wireTransaction = WiredTransactionGenerator().generate(random, status)
         return SignedTransaction(
-                txBits = wireTransaction.serialized,
+                wtx = wireTransaction,
                 sigs = listOf(NullSignature)
         )
     }

node/src/test/kotlin/net/corda/node/messaging/TwoPartyTradeFlowTests.kt

@@ -605,7 +605,6 @@ class TwoPartyTradeFlowTests {
             vararg extraSigningNodes: AbstractNode): Map<SecureHash, SignedTransaction> {
 
         val signed = wtxToSign.map {
-            val bits = it.serialize()
             val id = it.id
             val sigs = mutableListOf<DigitalSignature.WithKey>()
             sigs.add(node.services.keyManagementService.sign(id.bytes, node.services.legalIdentityKey))
@@ -613,7 +612,7 @@ class TwoPartyTradeFlowTests {
             extraSigningNodes.forEach { currentNode ->
                 sigs.add(currentNode.services.keyManagementService.sign(id.bytes, currentNode.info.legalIdentity.owningKey))
             }
-            SignedTransaction(bits, sigs)
+            SignedTransaction(it, sigs)
         }
         return node.database.transaction {
             node.services.recordTransactions(signed)

node/src/test/kotlin/net/corda/node/services/database/RequeryConfigurationTest.kt

@@ -214,6 +214,6 @@ class RequeryConfigurationTest : TestDependencyInjectionBase() {
                 type = TransactionType.General,
                 timeWindow = null
         )
-        return SignedTransaction(wtx.serialized, listOf(DigitalSignature.WithKey(NullPublicKey, ByteArray(1))))
+        return SignedTransaction(wtx, listOf(DigitalSignature.WithKey(NullPublicKey, ByteArray(1))))
     }
 }

node/src/test/kotlin/net/corda/node/services/persistence/DBTransactionStorageTests.kt

@@ -152,6 +152,6 @@ class DBTransactionStorageTests : TestDependencyInjectionBase() {
                 type = TransactionType.General,
                 timeWindow = null
         )
-        return SignedTransaction(wtx.serialized, listOf(DigitalSignature.WithKey(NullPublicKey, ByteArray(1))))
+        return SignedTransaction(wtx, listOf(DigitalSignature.WithKey(NullPublicKey, ByteArray(1))))
     }
 }

test-utils/src/main/kotlin/net/corda/testing/TestDSL.kt

@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor(
     override fun verifies(): EnforceVerifyOrFail {
         try {
             val usedInputs = mutableSetOf<StateRef>()
-            services.recordTransactions(transactionsUnverified.map { SignedTransaction(it.serialized, listOf(NullSignature)) })
+            services.recordTransactions(transactionsUnverified.map { SignedTransaction(it, listOf(NullSignature)) })
             for ((_, value) in transactionWithLocations) {
                 val wtx = value.transaction
                 val ltx = wtx.toLedgerTransaction(services)
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor(
                     throw DoubleSpentInputs(txIds)
                 }
                 usedInputs.addAll(wtx.inputs)
-                services.recordTransactions(SignedTransaction(wtx.serialized, listOf(NullSignature)))
+                services.recordTransactions(SignedTransaction(wtx, listOf(NullSignature)))
             }
             return EnforceVerifyOrFail.Token
         } catch (exception: TransactionVerificationException) {
@@ -330,8 +330,6 @@ data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor(
  */
 fun signAll(transactionsToSign: List<WireTransaction>, extraKeys: List<KeyPair>) = transactionsToSign.map { wtx ->
     check(wtx.mustSign.isNotEmpty())
-    val bits = wtx.serialize()
-    require(bits == wtx.serialized)
     val signatures = ArrayList<DigitalSignature.WithKey>()
     val keyLookup = HashMap<PublicKey, KeyPair>()
 
@@ -342,7 +340,7 @@ fun signAll(transactionsToSign: List<WireTransaction>, extraKeys: List<KeyPair>)
         val key = keyLookup[it] ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Missing required key for ${it.toStringShort()}")
         signatures += key.sign(wtx.id)
     }
-    SignedTransaction(bits, signatures)
+    SignedTransaction(wtx, signatures)
 }
 
 /**