Add netting support structures

Add NetType enum for use in contracts which deal with netting
Add BilateralNettingState interface
Add support for more complex issued things

contracts/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/cash/Cash.kt

@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ class Cash : FungibleAsset<Currency>() {
         override val participants: List<PublicKey>
             get() = listOf(owner)
 
+        override fun move(amount: Amount<Issued<Currency>>, owner: PublicKey): FungibleAsset.State<Currency>
+            = copy(amount = amount, owner = owner)
+
         override fun toString() = "${Emoji.bagOfCash}Cash($amount at $deposit owned by ${owner.toStringShort()})"
 
         override fun withNewOwner(newOwner: PublicKey) = Pair(Commands.Move(), copy(owner = newOwner))

contracts/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/cash/FungibleAsset.kt

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ class InsufficientBalanceException(val amountMissing: Amount<Currency>) : Except
  */
 abstract class FungibleAsset<T> : Contract {
     /** A state representing a cash claim against some party */
-    interface State<T> : FungibleAssetState<T> {
+    interface State<T> : FungibleAssetState<T, Issued<T>> {
         /** Where the underlying currency backing this ledger entry can be found (propagated) */
-        override val deposit: PartyAndReference
+        val deposit: PartyAndReference
         override val amount: Amount<Issued<T>>
         /** There must be a MoveCommand signed by this key to claim the amount */
         override val owner: PublicKey

contracts/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/cash/FungibleAssetState.kt

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 package com.r3corda.contracts.cash
 
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.Amount
-import com.r3corda.core.contracts.OwnableState
-import com.r3corda.core.contracts.PartyAndReference
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.Issued
+import com.r3corda.core.contracts.OwnableState
+import java.security.PublicKey
 
 /**
  * Common elements of cash contract states.
  */
-interface FungibleAssetState<T> : OwnableState {
+interface FungibleAssetState<T, I> : OwnableState {
-    val issuanceDef: Issued<T>
+    val issuanceDef: I
-    /** Where the underlying currency backing this ledger entry can be found (propagated) */
-    val deposit: PartyAndReference
     val amount: Amount<Issued<T>>
+    fun move(amount: Amount<Issued<T>>, owner: PublicKey): FungibleAssetState<T, I>
 }

core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/contracts/ContractsDSL.kt

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ val Int.SWISS_FRANCS: Amount<Currency> get() = Amount(this.toLong() * 100, CHF)
 val Double.DOLLARS: Amount<Currency> get() = Amount((this * 100).toLong(), USD)
 
 infix fun Currency.`issued by`(deposit: PartyAndReference) : Issued<Currency> = Issued<Currency>(deposit, this)
-infix fun Amount<Currency>.`issued by`(deposit: PartyAndReference) : Amount<Issued<Currency>> = Amount(quantity, token `issued by` deposit)
+infix fun <T> Amount<T>.`issued by`(deposit: PartyAndReference) : Amount<Issued<T>> = Amount(quantity, Issued<T>(deposit, this.token))
 
 //// Requirements /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 

core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/contracts/FinanceTypes.kt

@@ -399,3 +399,24 @@ fun calculateDaysBetween(startDate: LocalDate,
         else -> TODO("Can't calculate days using convention $dcbDay / $dcbYear")
     }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Enum for the types of netting that can be applied to state objects. Exact behaviour
+ * for each type of netting is left to the contract to determine.
+ */
+enum class NetType {
+    /**
+     * Close-out netting applies where one party is bankrupt or otherwise defaults (exact terms are contract specific),
+     * and allows their counterparty to net obligations without requiring approval from all parties. For example, if
+     * Bank A owes Bank B £1m, and Bank B owes Bank A £1m, in the case of Bank B defaulting this would enable Bank A
+     * to net out the two obligations to zero, rather than being legally obliged to pay £1m without any realistic
+     * expectation of the debt to them being paid. Realistically this is limited to bilateral netting, to simplify
+     * determining which party must sign the netting transaction.
+     */
+    CLOSE_OUT,
+    /**
+     * "Payment" is used to refer to conventional netting, where all parties must confirm the netting transaction. This
+     * can be a multilateral netting transaction, and may be created by a central clearing service.
+     */
+    PAYMENT
+}

core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/contracts/Structures.kt

@@ -18,6 +18,23 @@ interface NamedByHash {
     val id: SecureHash
 }
 
+/**
+ * Interface for state objects that support being netted with other state objects.
+ */
+interface BilateralNettableState<T: BilateralNettableState<T>> {
+    /**
+     * Returns an object used to determine if two states can be subject to close-out netting. If two states return
+     * equal objects, they can be close out netted together.
+     */
+    val bilateralNetState: Any
+
+    /**
+     * Perform bilateral netting of this state with another state. The two states must be compatible (as in
+     * bilateralNetState objects are equal).
+     */
+    fun net(other: T): T
+}
+
 /**
  * A contract state (or just "state") contains opaque data used by a contract program. It can be thought of as a disk
  * file that the program can use to persist data across transactions. States are immutable: once created they are never
@@ -233,6 +250,7 @@ data class Command(val value: CommandData, val signers: List<PublicKey>) {
 }
 
 /** A common issue command, to enforce that issue commands have a nonce value. */
+// TODO: Revisit use of nonce values - should this be part of the TX rather than the command perhaps?
 interface IssueCommand : CommandData {
     val nonce: Long
 }