diff --git a/contracts/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/testing/WalletFiller.kt b/contracts/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/testing/WalletFiller.kt
index eed49f7d4f..e59f8bf086 100644
--- a/contracts/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/testing/WalletFiller.kt
+++ b/contracts/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/testing/WalletFiller.kt
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 package com.r3corda.contracts.testing
 
 import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.Cash
+import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER
+import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER_KEY
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.Amount
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.Issued
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.SignedTransaction
@@ -11,16 +13,14 @@ import com.r3corda.core.node.ServiceHub
 import com.r3corda.core.node.services.Wallet
 import com.r3corda.core.serialization.OpaqueBytes
 import com.r3corda.core.testing.DUMMY_NOTARY
+import java.security.PublicKey
 import java.util.*
 
 
 /**
  * Creates a random set of between (by default) 3 and 10 cash states that add up to the given amount and adds them
- * to the wallet. This is intended for unit tests.
- *
- * The cash is self issued with the current nodes identity, as fetched from the storage service. Thus it
- * would not be trusted by any sensible market participant and is effectively an IOU. If it had been issued by
- * the central bank, well ... that'd be a different story altogether.
+ * to the wallet. This is intended for unit tests. The cash is issued by [DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER] and owned by the legal
+ * identity key from the storage service.
  *
  * The service hub needs to provide at least a key management service and a storage service.
  *
@@ -31,23 +31,18 @@ fun ServiceHub.fillWithSomeTestCash(howMuch: Amount<Currency>,
                                     atLeastThisManyStates: Int = 3,
                                     atMostThisManyStates: Int = 10,
                                     rng: Random = Random(),
-                                    ref: OpaqueBytes = OpaqueBytes(ByteArray(1, { 0 }))): Wallet {
+                                    ref: OpaqueBytes = OpaqueBytes(ByteArray(1, { 1 })),
+                                    ownedBy: PublicKey? = null): Wallet {
     val amounts = calculateRandomlySizedAmounts(howMuch, atLeastThisManyStates, atMostThisManyStates, rng)
 
-    val myIdentity = storageService.myLegalIdentity
-    val myKey = storageService.myLegalIdentityKey
+    val myKey: PublicKey = ownedBy ?: storageService.myLegalIdentityKey.public
 
     // We will allocate one state to one transaction, for simplicities sake.
     val cash = Cash()
     val transactions: List<SignedTransaction> = amounts.map { pennies ->
-        // This line is what makes the cash self issued. We just use zero as our deposit reference: we don't need
-        // this field as there's no other database or source of truth we need to sync with.
-        val depositRef = myIdentity.ref(ref)
-
         val issuance = TransactionType.General.Builder()
-        val freshKey = keyManagementService.freshKey()
-        cash.generateIssue(issuance, Amount(pennies, Issued(depositRef, howMuch.token)), freshKey.public, notary)
-        issuance.signWith(myKey)
+        cash.generateIssue(issuance, Amount(pennies, Issued(DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER.copy(reference = ref), howMuch.token)), myKey, notary)
+        issuance.signWith(DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER_KEY)
 
         return@map issuance.toSignedTransaction(true)
     }
@@ -77,8 +72,8 @@ private fun calculateRandomlySizedAmounts(howMuch: Amount<Currency>, min: Int, m
             // Handle inexact rounding.
             amounts[i] = howMuch.quantity - filledSoFar
         }
-        check(amounts[i] >= 0) { amounts[i] }
+        check(amounts[i] >= 0) { "${amounts[i]} : $filledSoFar : $howMuch" }
     }
     check(amounts.sum() == howMuch.quantity)
     return amounts
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/node/services/testing/MockServices.kt b/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/node/services/testing/MockServices.kt
index d69331f1e1..477d55fce0 100644
--- a/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/node/services/testing/MockServices.kt
+++ b/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/node/services/testing/MockServices.kt
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 package com.r3corda.core.node.services.testing
 
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.Attachment
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.SignedTransaction
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.Party
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.SecureHash
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.generateKeyPair
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.sha256
+import com.r3corda.core.messaging.MessagingService
+import com.r3corda.core.node.ServiceHub
 import com.r3corda.core.node.services.*
+import com.r3corda.core.protocols.ProtocolLogic
 import com.r3corda.core.serialization.SingletonSerializeAsToken
+import com.r3corda.core.testing.DUMMY_NOTARY
+import com.r3corda.core.testing.MEGA_CORP
+import com.r3corda.core.testing.MINI_CORP
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
 import java.io.File
@@ -15,10 +22,40 @@ import java.io.InputStream
 import java.security.KeyPair
 import java.security.PrivateKey
 import java.security.PublicKey
+import java.time.Clock
 import java.util.*
 import java.util.jar.JarInputStream
 import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe
 
+// TODO: We need a single, rationalised unit testing environment that is usable for everything. Fix this!
+// That means it probably shouldn't be in the 'core' module, which lacks enough code to create a realistic test env.
+
+/**
+ * A singleton utility that only provides a mock identity, key and storage service. However, this is sufficient for
+ * building chains of transactions and verifying them. It isn't sufficient for testing protocols however.
+ */
+open class MockServices(val key: KeyPair = generateKeyPair()) : ServiceHub {
+    override fun <T : Any> invokeProtocolAsync(logicType: Class<out ProtocolLogic<T>>, vararg args: Any?): ListenableFuture<T> {
+        throw UnsupportedOperationException("not implemented")
+    }
+
+    override fun recordTransactions(txs: Iterable<SignedTransaction>) {
+        for (stx in txs) {
+            storageService.validatedTransactions.addTransaction(stx)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override val storageService: TxWritableStorageService = MockStorageService(myLegalIdentityKey = key)
+    override val identityService: MockIdentityService = MockIdentityService(listOf(MEGA_CORP, MINI_CORP, DUMMY_NOTARY))
+    override val keyManagementService: MockKeyManagementService = MockKeyManagementService(key)
+
+    override val walletService: WalletService get() = throw UnsupportedOperationException()
+    override val networkService: MessagingService get() = throw UnsupportedOperationException()
+    override val networkMapCache: NetworkMapCache get() = throw UnsupportedOperationException()
+    override val clock: Clock get() = throw UnsupportedOperationException()
+    override val schedulerService: SchedulerService get() = throw UnsupportedOperationException()
+}
+
 @ThreadSafe
 class MockIdentityService(val identities: List<Party>) : IdentityService, SingletonSerializeAsToken() {
     private val keyToParties: Map<PublicKey, Party>
diff --git a/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/CoreTestUtils.kt b/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/CoreTestUtils.kt
index 1a80c1a024..952484a335 100644
--- a/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/CoreTestUtils.kt
+++ b/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/CoreTestUtils.kt
@@ -4,14 +4,12 @@ package com.r3corda.core.testing
 
 import com.google.common.base.Throwables
 import com.google.common.net.HostAndPort
-import com.r3corda.core.contracts.Attachment
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.StateRef
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.TransactionBuilder
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.*
-import com.r3corda.core.node.services.IdentityService
-import com.r3corda.core.node.services.StorageService
+import com.r3corda.core.node.ServiceHub
 import com.r3corda.core.node.services.testing.MockIdentityService
-import com.r3corda.core.node.services.testing.MockStorageService
+import com.r3corda.core.node.services.testing.MockServices
 import java.math.BigInteger
 import java.net.ServerSocket
 import java.security.KeyPair
@@ -95,17 +93,14 @@ fun freeLocalHostAndPort(): HostAndPort {
 }
 
 /**
- * Creates and tests a ledger built by the passed in dsl.
- * @param identityService: The [IdentityService] to be used while building the ledger.
- * @param storageService: The [StorageService] to be used for storing e.g. [Attachment]s.
- * @param dsl: The dsl building the ledger.
+ * Creates and tests a ledger built by the passed in dsl. The provided services can be customised, otherwise a default
+ * of a freshly built [MockServices] is used.
  */
 @JvmOverloads fun ledger(
-        identityService: IdentityService = MOCK_IDENTITY_SERVICE,
-        storageService: StorageService = MockStorageService(),
+        services: ServiceHub = MockServices(),
         dsl: LedgerDSL<TestTransactionDSLInterpreter, TestLedgerDSLInterpreter>.() -> Unit
 ): LedgerDSL<TestTransactionDSLInterpreter, TestLedgerDSLInterpreter> {
-    val ledgerDsl = LedgerDSL(TestLedgerDSLInterpreter(identityService, storageService))
+    val ledgerDsl = LedgerDSL(TestLedgerDSLInterpreter(services))
     dsl(ledgerDsl)
     return ledgerDsl
 }
diff --git a/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/LedgerDSLInterpreter.kt b/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/LedgerDSLInterpreter.kt
index 3fc960871f..280d515ec3 100644
--- a/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/LedgerDSLInterpreter.kt
+++ b/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/LedgerDSLInterpreter.kt
@@ -40,11 +40,13 @@ interface Verifies {
                 val exceptionMessage = exception.message
                 if (exceptionMessage == null) {
                     throw AssertionError(
-                            "Expected exception containing '$expectedMessage' but raised exception had no message"
+                            "Expected exception containing '$expectedMessage' but raised exception had no message",
+                            exception
                     )
                 } else if (!exceptionMessage.toLowerCase().contains(expectedMessage.toLowerCase())) {
                     throw AssertionError(
-                            "Expected exception containing '$expectedMessage' but raised exception was '$exception'"
+                            "Expected exception containing '$expectedMessage' but raised exception was '$exception'",
+                            exception
                     )
                 }
             }
diff --git a/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/TestDSL.kt b/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/TestDSL.kt
index 4e0fc5a048..e3f18ea53d 100644
--- a/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/TestDSL.kt
+++ b/core/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/TestDSL.kt
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ import com.r3corda.core.crypto.DigitalSignature
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.Party
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.SecureHash
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.signWithECDSA
-import com.r3corda.core.node.services.IdentityService
-import com.r3corda.core.node.services.StorageService
+import com.r3corda.core.node.ServiceHub
 import com.r3corda.core.serialization.serialize
 import java.io.InputStream
 import java.security.KeyPair
@@ -95,6 +94,10 @@ data class TestTransactionDSLInterpreter private constructor(
             transactionBuilder: TransactionBuilder
     ) : this(ledgerInterpreter, transactionBuilder, HashMap())
 
+    val services = object : ServiceHub by ledgerInterpreter.services {
+        override fun loadState(stateRef: StateRef) = ledgerInterpreter.resolveStateRef<ContractState>(stateRef)
+    }
+
     private fun copy(): TestTransactionDSLInterpreter =
             TestTransactionDSLInterpreter(
                     ledgerInterpreter = ledgerInterpreter,
@@ -141,18 +144,15 @@ data class TestTransactionDSLInterpreter private constructor(
 }
 
 data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor (
-        private val identityService: IdentityService,
-        private val storageService: StorageService,
+        val services: ServiceHub,
         internal val labelToOutputStateAndRefs: HashMap<String, StateAndRef<ContractState>> = HashMap(),
-        private val transactionWithLocations: HashMap<SecureHash, WireTransactionWithLocation> = HashMap(),
+        private val transactionWithLocations: HashMap<SecureHash, WireTransactionWithLocation> = LinkedHashMap(),
         private val nonVerifiedTransactionWithLocations: HashMap<SecureHash, WireTransactionWithLocation> = HashMap()
 ) : LedgerDSLInterpreter<TestTransactionDSLInterpreter> {
     val wireTransactions: List<WireTransaction> get() = transactionWithLocations.values.map { it.transaction }
 
     // We specify [labelToOutputStateAndRefs] just so that Kotlin picks the primary constructor instead of cycling
-    constructor(identityService: IdentityService, storageService: StorageService) : this(
-            identityService, storageService, labelToOutputStateAndRefs = HashMap()
-    )
+    constructor(services: ServiceHub) : this(services, labelToOutputStateAndRefs = HashMap())
 
     companion object {
         private fun getCallerLocation(): String? {
@@ -179,8 +179,7 @@ data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor (
 
     internal fun copy(): TestLedgerDSLInterpreter =
             TestLedgerDSLInterpreter(
-                    identityService,
-                    storageService,
+                    services,
                     labelToOutputStateAndRefs = HashMap(labelToOutputStateAndRefs),
                     transactionWithLocations = HashMap(transactionWithLocations),
                     nonVerifiedTransactionWithLocations = HashMap(nonVerifiedTransactionWithLocations)
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor (
     internal fun resolveWireTransaction(wireTransaction: WireTransaction): TransactionForVerification {
         return wireTransaction.run {
             val authenticatedCommands = commands.map {
-                AuthenticatedObject(it.signers, it.signers.mapNotNull { identityService.partyFromKey(it) }, it.value)
+                AuthenticatedObject(it.signers, it.signers.mapNotNull { services.identityService.partyFromKey(it) }, it.value)
             }
             val resolvedInputStates = inputs.map { resolveStateRef<ContractState>(it) }
             val resolvedAttachments = attachments.map { resolveAttachment(it) }
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor (
     }
 
     internal fun resolveAttachment(attachmentId: SecureHash): Attachment =
-            storageService.attachments.openAttachment(attachmentId) ?: throw AttachmentResolutionException(attachmentId)
+            services.storageService.attachments.openAttachment(attachmentId) ?: throw AttachmentResolutionException(attachmentId)
 
     private fun <R> interpretTransactionDsl(
             transactionBuilder: TransactionBuilder,
@@ -233,10 +232,10 @@ data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor (
 
     fun toTransactionGroup(): TransactionGroup {
         val ledgerTransactions = transactionWithLocations.map {
-            it.value.transaction.toLedgerTransaction(identityService, storageService.attachments)
+            it.value.transaction.toLedgerTransaction(services.identityService, services.storageService.attachments)
         }
         val nonVerifiedLedgerTransactions = nonVerifiedTransactionWithLocations.map {
-            it.value.transaction.toLedgerTransaction(identityService, storageService.attachments)
+            it.value.transaction.toLedgerTransaction(services.identityService, services.storageService.attachments)
         }
         return TransactionGroup(ledgerTransactions.toSet(), nonVerifiedLedgerTransactions.toSet())
     }
@@ -295,7 +294,7 @@ data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor (
             dsl(LedgerDSL(copy()))
 
     override fun attachment(attachment: InputStream): SecureHash {
-        return storageService.attachments.importAttachment(attachment)
+        return services.storageService.attachments.importAttachment(attachment)
     }
 
     override fun verifies(): EnforceVerifyOrFail {
@@ -322,6 +321,9 @@ data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor (
             return stateAndRef as StateAndRef<S>
         }
     }
+
+    val transactionsToVerify: List<WireTransaction> get() = transactionWithLocations.values.map { it.transaction }
+    val transactionsUnverified: List<WireTransaction> get() = nonVerifiedTransactionWithLocations.values.map { it.transaction }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -330,7 +332,7 @@ data class TestLedgerDSLInterpreter private constructor (
  * @param extraKeys extra keys to sign transactions with.
  * @return List of [SignedTransaction]s.
  */
-fun signAll(transactionsToSign: List<WireTransaction>, extraKeys: Array<out KeyPair>) = transactionsToSign.map { wtx ->
+fun signAll(transactionsToSign: List<WireTransaction>, extraKeys: List<KeyPair>) = transactionsToSign.map { wtx ->
     val allPubKeys = wtx.signers.toMutableSet()
     val bits = wtx.serialize()
     require(bits == wtx.serialized)
@@ -350,4 +352,4 @@ fun signAll(transactionsToSign: List<WireTransaction>, extraKeys: Array<out KeyP
  * @return List of [SignedTransaction]s.
  */
 fun LedgerDSL<TestTransactionDSLInterpreter, TestLedgerDSLInterpreter>.signAll(
-        vararg extraKeys: KeyPair) = signAll(this.interpreter.wireTransactions, extraKeys)
+        vararg extraKeys: KeyPair) = signAll(this.interpreter.wireTransactions, extraKeys.toList())
diff --git a/experimental/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/BillOfLadingAgreement.kt b/experimental/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/BillOfLadingAgreement.kt
index 4bf0cad38c..59db2d87f5 100644
--- a/experimental/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/BillOfLadingAgreement.kt
+++ b/experimental/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/BillOfLadingAgreement.kt
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ package com.r3corda.contracts
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.*
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.Party
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.SecureHash
+import com.r3corda.core.days
 import java.security.PublicKey
+import java.time.Instant
 import java.time.LocalDate
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -109,9 +111,11 @@ class BillOfLadingAgreement : Contract {
     /**
      * Returns a transaction that issues a Bill of Lading Agreement
      */
-    fun generateIssue(owner: PublicKey, beneficiary: Party, props: BillOfLadingProperties, notary: Party? = null): TransactionBuilder {
+    fun generateIssue(owner: PublicKey, beneficiary: Party, props: BillOfLadingProperties, notary: Party): TransactionBuilder {
         val state = State(owner, beneficiary, props)
-        return TransactionType.General.Builder(notary = notary).withItems(state, Command(Commands.IssueBL(), props.carrierOwner.owningKey))
+        val builder = TransactionType.General.Builder(notary = notary)
+        builder.setTime(Instant.now(), notary, 1.days)
+        return builder.withItems(state, Command(Commands.IssueBL(), props.carrierOwner.owningKey))
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/experimental/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/LOC.kt b/experimental/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/LOC.kt
index 846b0fd5b7..7fc58657f0 100644
--- a/experimental/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/LOC.kt
+++ b/experimental/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/LOC.kt
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.sumCashBy
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.*
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.Party
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.SecureHash
+import com.r3corda.core.days
+import com.r3corda.core.testing.DUMMY_NOTARY
 import java.security.PublicKey
+import java.time.Instant
 import java.time.LocalDate
 import java.time.Period
 import java.time.ZoneOffset
@@ -142,7 +145,9 @@ class LOC : Contract {
 
     fun generateIssue(beneficiaryPaid: Boolean, issued: Boolean, terminated: Boolean, props: LOCProperties, notary: Party): TransactionBuilder {
         val state = State(beneficiaryPaid, issued, terminated, props)
-        return TransactionType.General.Builder(notary = notary).withItems(state, Command(Commands.Issuance(), props.issuingbank.owningKey))
+        val builder = TransactionType.General.Builder(notary = notary)
+        builder.setTime(Instant.now(), notary, 1.days)
+        return builder.withItems(state, Command(Commands.Issuance(), props.issuingbank.owningKey))
     }
 
 
diff --git a/experimental/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/BillOfLadingAgreementTests.kt b/experimental/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/BillOfLadingAgreementTests.kt
index 200d32ff64..4c0c169302 100644
--- a/experimental/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/BillOfLadingAgreementTests.kt
+++ b/experimental/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/BillOfLadingAgreementTests.kt
@@ -48,8 +48,9 @@ class BillOfLadingAgreementTests {
 
     @Test
     fun issueGenerationMethod() {
-        val ptx = BillOfLadingAgreement().generateIssue(Bill.owner, Bill.beneficiary,Bill.props, notary = DUMMY_NOTARY).apply {
+        val ptx = BillOfLadingAgreement().generateIssue(Bill.owner, Bill.beneficiary, Bill.props, DUMMY_NOTARY).apply {
             signWith(ALICE_KEY)
+            signWith(DUMMY_NOTARY_KEY)
         }
         val stx = ptx.toSignedTransaction()
         stx.verifyToLedgerTransaction(MOCK_IDENTITY_SERVICE,attachments)
@@ -57,14 +58,14 @@ class BillOfLadingAgreementTests {
 
     @Test(expected = IllegalStateException::class)
     fun issueGenerationMethod_Unsigned() {
-        val ptx = BillOfLadingAgreement().generateIssue(Bill.owner, Bill.beneficiary, Bill.props)
+        val ptx = BillOfLadingAgreement().generateIssue(Bill.owner, Bill.beneficiary, Bill.props, DUMMY_NOTARY)
         val stx = ptx.toSignedTransaction()
         stx.verifyToLedgerTransaction(MOCK_IDENTITY_SERVICE,attachments)
     }
 
     @Test(expected = IllegalStateException::class)
     fun issueGenerationMethod_KeyMismatch() {
-        val ptx = BillOfLadingAgreement().generateIssue(Bill.owner, Bill.beneficiary, Bill.props).apply {
+        val ptx = BillOfLadingAgreement().generateIssue(Bill.owner, Bill.beneficiary, Bill.props, DUMMY_NOTARY).apply {
             signWith(BOB_KEY)
         }
         val stx = ptx.toSignedTransaction()
diff --git a/experimental/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/LOCTests.kt b/experimental/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/LOCTests.kt
index e8a5a31087..3c1f7d8c78 100644
--- a/experimental/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/LOCTests.kt
+++ b/experimental/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/contracts/LOCTests.kt
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ class LOCTests {
     fun issueSignedByBank() {
         val ptx = LOC().generateIssue(LOCstate.beneficiaryPaid, LOCstate.issued, LOCstate.terminated, LOCstate.props, DUMMY_NOTARY).apply {
             signWith(MEGA_CORP_KEY)
+            signWith(DUMMY_NOTARY_KEY)
         }
         val stx = ptx.toSignedTransaction()
         stx.verify()
diff --git a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/messaging/TwoPartyTradeProtocolTests.kt b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/messaging/TwoPartyTradeProtocolTests.kt
index aec019bb17..0beef77c22 100644
--- a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/messaging/TwoPartyTradeProtocolTests.kt
+++ b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/messaging/TwoPartyTradeProtocolTests.kt
@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@ package com.r3corda.node.messaging
 
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture
 import com.r3corda.contracts.CommercialPaper
-import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.CASH
-import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.Cash
-import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.`issued by`
-import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.`owned by`
+import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.*
 import com.r3corda.contracts.testing.fillWithSomeTestCash
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.*
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.Party
@@ -93,9 +90,8 @@ class TwoPartyTradeProtocolTests {
             val bobNode = net.createPartyNode(notaryNode.info, BOB.name, BOB_KEY)
 
             bobNode.services.fillWithSomeTestCash(2000.DOLLARS)
-            val issuer = bobNode.services.storageService.myLegalIdentity.ref(0)
             val alicesFakePaper = fillUpForSeller(false, aliceNode.storage.myLegalIdentity.owningKey,
-                    1200.DOLLARS `issued by` issuer, notaryNode.info.identity, null).second
+                    1200.DOLLARS `issued by` DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER, notaryNode.info.identity, null).second
 
             insertFakeTransactions(alicesFakePaper, aliceNode.services, aliceNode.storage.myLegalIdentityKey, notaryNode.storage.myLegalIdentityKey)
 
@@ -134,7 +130,6 @@ class TwoPartyTradeProtocolTests {
 
     @Test
     fun `shutdown and restore`() {
-
         ledger {
             val notaryNode = net.createNotaryNode(DUMMY_NOTARY.name, DUMMY_NOTARY_KEY)
             val aliceNode = net.createPartyNode(notaryNode.info, ALICE.name, ALICE_KEY)
@@ -142,13 +137,12 @@ class TwoPartyTradeProtocolTests {
 
             val bobAddr = bobNode.net.myAddress as InMemoryMessagingNetwork.Handle
             val networkMapAddr = notaryNode.info
-            val issuer = bobNode.services.storageService.myLegalIdentity.ref(0)
 
             net.runNetwork() // Clear network map registration messages
 
             bobNode.services.fillWithSomeTestCash(2000.DOLLARS)
             val alicesFakePaper = fillUpForSeller(false, aliceNode.storage.myLegalIdentity.owningKey,
-                    1200.DOLLARS `issued by` issuer, notaryNode.info.identity, null).second
+                    1200.DOLLARS `issued by` DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER, notaryNode.info.identity, null).second
             insertFakeTransactions(alicesFakePaper, aliceNode.services, aliceNode.storage.myLegalIdentityKey)
 
             val buyerSessionID = random63BitValue()
@@ -252,7 +246,7 @@ class TwoPartyTradeProtocolTests {
         val aliceNode = makeNodeWithTracking(notaryNode.info, ALICE.name, ALICE_KEY)
         val bobNode = makeNodeWithTracking(notaryNode.info, BOB.name, BOB_KEY)
 
-        ledger(storageService = aliceNode.storage) {
+        ledger(aliceNode.services) {
 
             // Insert a prospectus type attachment into the commercial paper transaction.
             val stream = ByteArrayOutputStream()
@@ -419,7 +413,7 @@ class TwoPartyTradeProtocolTests {
             wtxToSign: List<WireTransaction>,
             services: ServiceHub,
             vararg extraKeys: KeyPair): Map<SecureHash, SignedTransaction> {
-        val signed: List<SignedTransaction> = signAll(wtxToSign, extraKeys)
+        val signed: List<SignedTransaction> = signAll(wtxToSign, extraKeys.toList())
         services.recordTransactions(signed)
         val validatedTransactions = services.storageService.validatedTransactions
         if (validatedTransactions is RecordingTransactionStorage) {
diff --git a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/MockServices.kt b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/MockServiceHubInternal.kt
similarity index 99%
rename from node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/MockServices.kt
rename to node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/MockServiceHubInternal.kt
index 4bf957f5d4..251d3652c2 100644
--- a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/MockServices.kt
+++ b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/MockServiceHubInternal.kt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import com.r3corda.node.services.statemachine.StateMachineManager
 import com.r3corda.node.services.wallet.NodeWalletService
 import java.time.Clock
 
-open class MockServices(
+open class MockServiceHubInternal(
         customWallet: WalletService? = null,
         val keyManagement: KeyManagementService? = null,
         val net: MessagingServiceInternal? = null,
diff --git a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/NodeSchedulerServiceTest.kt b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/NodeSchedulerServiceTest.kt
index c2f20ec8b3..1b298893e9 100644
--- a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/NodeSchedulerServiceTest.kt
+++ b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/NodeSchedulerServiceTest.kt
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class NodeSchedulerServiceTest : SingletonSerializeAsToken() {
     init {
         val kms = MockKeyManagementService(ALICE_KEY)
         val mockMessagingService = InMemoryMessagingNetwork(false).InMemoryMessaging(false, InMemoryMessagingNetwork.Handle(0, "None"))
-        val mockServices = object : MockServices(overrideClock = testClock, keyManagement = kms, net = mockMessagingService), TestReference {
+        val mockServices = object : MockServiceHubInternal(overrideClock = testClock, keyManagement = kms, net = mockMessagingService), TestReference {
             override val testReference = this@NodeSchedulerServiceTest
         }
         services = mockServices
diff --git a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/WalletWithCashTest.kt b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/WalletWithCashTest.kt
index 8f8cd5ba3b..4582b89fa3 100644
--- a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/WalletWithCashTest.kt
+++ b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/WalletWithCashTest.kt
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 package com.r3corda.node.services
 
 import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.Cash
+import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER
 import com.r3corda.contracts.asset.cashBalances
 import com.r3corda.contracts.testing.fillWithSomeTestCash
 import com.r3corda.core.contracts.*
 import com.r3corda.core.crypto.SecureHash
-import com.r3corda.core.node.ServiceHub
-import com.r3corda.core.node.services.testing.MockKeyManagementService
+import com.r3corda.core.node.services.WalletService
 import com.r3corda.core.node.services.testing.MockStorageService
-import com.r3corda.core.serialization.OpaqueBytes
+import com.r3corda.core.node.services.testing.MockServices
 import com.r3corda.core.testing.*
 import com.r3corda.core.utilities.BriefLogFormatter
 import com.r3corda.node.services.wallet.NodeWalletService
@@ -23,11 +23,22 @@ import kotlin.test.assertNull
 // TODO: Move this to the cash contract tests once mock services are further split up.
 
 class WalletWithCashTest {
-    val kms = MockKeyManagementService(ALICE_KEY)
+    lateinit var services: MockServices
+    val wallet: WalletService get() = services.walletService
 
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
         BriefLogFormatter.loggingOn(NodeWalletService::class)
+        services = object : MockServices() {
+            override val walletService: WalletService = NodeWalletService(this)
+
+            override fun recordTransactions(txs: Iterable<SignedTransaction>) {
+                for (stx in txs) {
+                    storageService.validatedTransactions.addTransaction(stx)
+                    walletService.notify(stx.tx)
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     @After
@@ -35,37 +46,24 @@ class WalletWithCashTest {
         BriefLogFormatter.loggingOff(NodeWalletService::class)
     }
 
-    fun make(): Pair<NodeWalletService, ServiceHub> {
-        val services = MockServices(keyManagement = kms)
-        return Pair(services.walletService as NodeWalletService, services)
-    }
-
     @Test
     fun splits() {
-        val (wallet, services) = make()
-        val ref = OpaqueBytes(ByteArray(1, {0}))
-
-        kms.nextKeys += Array(3) { ALICE_KEY }
         // Fix the PRNG so that we get the same splits every time.
-        services.fillWithSomeTestCash(100.DOLLARS, DUMMY_NOTARY, 3, 3, Random(0L), ref)
+        services.fillWithSomeTestCash(100.DOLLARS, DUMMY_NOTARY, 3, 3, Random(0L))
 
         val w = wallet.currentWallet
         assertEquals(3, w.states.size)
 
         val state = w.states[0].state.data as Cash.State
-        val myIdentity = services.storageService.myLegalIdentity
-        val myPartyRef = myIdentity.ref(ref)
-        assertEquals(29.01.DOLLARS `issued by` myPartyRef, state.amount)
-        assertEquals(ALICE_PUBKEY, state.owner)
+        assertEquals(29.01.DOLLARS `issued by` DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER, state.amount)
+        assertEquals(services.key.public, state.owner)
 
-        assertEquals(35.38.DOLLARS `issued by` myPartyRef, (w.states[2].state.data as Cash.State).amount)
-        assertEquals(35.61.DOLLARS `issued by` myPartyRef, (w.states[1].state.data as Cash.State).amount)
+        assertEquals(35.38.DOLLARS `issued by` DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER, (w.states[2].state.data as Cash.State).amount)
+        assertEquals(35.61.DOLLARS `issued by` DUMMY_CASH_ISSUER, (w.states[1].state.data as Cash.State).amount)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun basics() {
-        val (wallet, services) = make()
-
         // A tx that sends us money.
         val freshKey = services.keyManagementService.freshKey()
         val usefulTX = TransactionType.General.Builder().apply {
@@ -102,10 +100,7 @@ class WalletWithCashTest {
 
     @Test
     fun branchingLinearStatesFails() {
-        val (wallet, services) = make()
-
         val freshKey = services.keyManagementService.freshKey()
-
         val thread = SecureHash.sha256("thread")
 
         // Issue a linear state
@@ -131,8 +126,6 @@ class WalletWithCashTest {
 
     @Test
     fun sequencingLinearStatesWorks() {
-        val (wallet, services) = make()
-
         val freshKey = services.keyManagementService.freshKey()
 
         val thread = SecureHash.sha256("thread")
diff --git a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/statemachine/StateMachineManagerTests.kt b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/statemachine/StateMachineManagerTests.kt
index 4fd25015bd..8c9ab91a95 100644
--- a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/statemachine/StateMachineManagerTests.kt
+++ b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/services/statemachine/StateMachineManagerTests.kt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import co.paralleluniverse.fibers.Fiber
 import co.paralleluniverse.fibers.Suspendable
 import com.r3corda.core.messaging.MessagingService
 import com.r3corda.core.protocols.ProtocolLogic
-import com.r3corda.node.services.MockServices
+import com.r3corda.node.services.MockServiceHubInternal
 import com.r3corda.node.services.api.Checkpoint
 import com.r3corda.node.services.api.CheckpointStorage
 import com.r3corda.node.services.api.MessagingServiceInternal
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class StateMachineManagerTests {
         assertThat(protocol.lazyTime).isNotNull()
     }
 
-    private fun createManager() = StateMachineManager(object : MockServices() {
+    private fun createManager() = StateMachineManager(object : MockServiceHubInternal() {
         override val networkService: MessagingServiceInternal get() = network
     }, emptyList(), checkpointStorage, AffinityExecutor.SAME_THREAD)
 
diff --git a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/visualiser/GroupToGraphConversion.kt b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/visualiser/GroupToGraphConversion.kt
index 4dc34b2f5d..51ce731508 100644
--- a/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/visualiser/GroupToGraphConversion.kt
+++ b/node/src/test/kotlin/com/r3corda/node/visualiser/GroupToGraphConversion.kt
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ class GraphVisualiser(val dsl: LedgerDSL<TestTransactionDSLInterpreter, TestLedg
     }
 
     fun convert(): SingleGraph {
-        val tg = dsl.interpreter.toTransactionGroup()
+        val testLedger: TestLedgerDSLInterpreter = dsl.interpreter
         val graph = createGraph("Transaction group", css)
 
         // Map all the transactions, including the bogus non-verified ones (with no inputs) to graph nodes.
-        for ((txIndex, tx) in (tg.transactions + tg.nonVerifiedRoots).withIndex()) {
+        for ((txIndex, tx) in (testLedger.transactionsToVerify + testLedger.transactionsUnverified).withIndex()) {
             val txNode = graph.addNode<Node>("tx$txIndex")
-            if (tx !in tg.nonVerifiedRoots)
+            if (tx !in testLedger.transactionsUnverified)
                 txNode.label = dsl.interpreter.transactionName(tx.id).let { it ?: "TX[${tx.id.prefixChars()}]" }
             txNode.styleClass = "tx"
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class GraphVisualiser(val dsl: LedgerDSL<TestTransactionDSLInterpreter, TestLedg
             }
         }
         // And now all states and transactions were mapped to graph nodes, hook up the input edges.
-        for ((txIndex, tx) in tg.transactions.withIndex()) {
+        for ((txIndex, tx) in testLedger.transactionsToVerify.withIndex()) {
             for ((inputIndex, ref) in tx.inputs.withIndex()) {
                 val edge = graph.addEdge<Edge>("tx$txIndex-in$inputIndex", ref.toString(), "tx$txIndex", true)
                 edge.weight = 1.2
diff --git a/src/integration-test/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/TraderDemoTest.kt b/src/integration-test/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/TraderDemoTest.kt
index cd8e15a2b0..c917aa80e4 100644
--- a/src/integration-test/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/TraderDemoTest.kt
+++ b/src/integration-test/kotlin/com/r3corda/core/testing/TraderDemoTest.kt
@@ -6,9 +6,6 @@ import com.r3corda.core.testing.utilities.TestTimestamp
 import com.r3corda.core.testing.utilities.assertExitOrKill
 import com.r3corda.core.testing.utilities.spawn
 import org.junit.Test
-import java.nio.file.Paths
-import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
-import java.util.*
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 
 class TraderDemoTest {
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/demos/TraderDemo.kt b/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/demos/TraderDemo.kt
index c98449523b..ed6c6509c2 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/demos/TraderDemo.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/com/r3corda/demos/TraderDemo.kt
@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ fun runTraderDemo(args: Array<String>): Int {
     // One of the two servers needs to run the network map and notary services. In such a trivial two-node network
     // the map is not very helpful, but we need one anyway. So just make the buyer side run the network map as it's
     // the side that sticks around waiting for the seller.
-    var cashIssuer: Party? = null
     val networkMapId = if (role == Role.BUYER) {
         advertisedServices = setOf(NetworkMapService.Type, SimpleNotaryService.Type)
         null
@@ -148,7 +147,6 @@ fun runTraderDemo(args: Array<String>): Int {
         val path = Paths.get(baseDirectory, Role.BUYER.name.toLowerCase(), "identity-public")
         val party = Files.readAllBytes(path).deserialize<Party>()
         advertisedServices = emptySet()
-        cashIssuer = party
         NodeInfo(ArtemisMessagingService.makeRecipient(theirNetAddr), party, setOf(NetworkMapService.Type))
     }
 
@@ -157,18 +155,15 @@ fun runTraderDemo(args: Array<String>): Int {
         Node(directory, myNetAddr, apiNetAddr, config, networkMapId, advertisedServices).setup().start()
     }
 
-    // TODO: Replace with a separate trusted cash issuer
-    if (cashIssuer == null) {
-        cashIssuer = node.services.storageService.myLegalIdentity
-    }
-
     // What happens next depends on the role. The buyer sits around waiting for a trade to start. The seller role
     // will contact the buyer and actually make something happen.
     val amount = 1000.DOLLARS
     if (role == Role.BUYER) {
         runBuyer(node, amount)
     } else {
-        runSeller(node, amount, cashIssuer)
+        node.networkMapRegistrationFuture.get()
+        val party = node.netMapCache.getNodeByLegalName("Bank A")?.identity ?: throw IllegalStateException("Cannot find other node?!")
+        runSeller(node, amount, party)
     }
 
     return 0
@@ -213,7 +208,9 @@ private fun runBuyer(node: Node, amount: Amount<Currency>) {
     // Self issue some cash.
     //
     // TODO: At some point this demo should be extended to have a central bank node.
-    node.services.fillWithSomeTestCash(3000.DOLLARS, node.info.identity)
+    node.services.fillWithSomeTestCash(3000.DOLLARS,
+                                       notary = node.info.identity, // In this demo, the buyer and notary are the same.
+                                       ownedBy = node.services.keyManagementService.freshKey().public)
 
     // Wait around until a node asks to start a trade with us. In a real system, this part would happen out of band
     // via some other system like an exchange or maybe even a manual messaging system like Bloomberg. But for the
@@ -250,7 +247,7 @@ private class TraderDemoProtocolBuyer(val otherSide: Party,
         progressTracker.currentStep = STARTING_BUY
         send(otherSide, 0, sessionID)
 
-        val notary = serviceHub.networkMapCache.notaryNodes[0]
+        val notary: NodeInfo = serviceHub.networkMapCache.notaryNodes[0]
         val buyer = TwoPartyTradeProtocol.Buyer(
                 otherSide,
                 notary.identity,
@@ -323,7 +320,7 @@ private class TraderDemoProtocolSeller(val otherSide: Party,
 
         progressTracker.currentStep = SELF_ISSUING
 
-        val notary = serviceHub.networkMapCache.notaryNodes[0]
+        val notary: NodeInfo = serviceHub.networkMapCache.notaryNodes[0]
         val cpOwnerKey = serviceHub.keyManagementService.freshKey()
         val commercialPaper = selfIssueSomeCommercialPaper(cpOwnerKey.public, notary)