Fix clippy feedback (cargo clippy --fix).

api/rust/src/gw.rs

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl UplinkFrame {
                                 })
                             }
                             uplink_tx_info_legacy::ModulationInfo::FskModulationInfo(info) => {
-                                modulation::Parameters::Fsk(info.clone())
+                                modulation::Parameters::Fsk(*info)
                             }
                             uplink_tx_info_legacy::ModulationInfo::LrFhssModulationInfo(info) => {
                                 modulation::Parameters::LrFhss(LrFhssModulationInfo {
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ impl UplinkFrame {
                 self.rx_info = Some(UplinkRxInfo {
                     gateway_id: hex::encode(&rx_info.gateway_id),
                     uplink_id: rng.gen::<u32>(),
-                    gw_time: rx_info.time.clone(),
+                    gw_time: rx_info.time,
                     ns_time: None,
-                    time_since_gps_epoch: rx_info.time_since_gps_epoch.clone(),
+                    time_since_gps_epoch: rx_info.time_since_gps_epoch,
                     fine_time_since_gps_epoch: None,
                     rssi: rx_info.rssi,
                     snr: rx_info.lora_snr as f32,
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ impl UplinkFrame {
                     rf_chain: rx_info.rf_chain,
                     board: rx_info.board,
                     antenna: rx_info.antenna,
-                    location: rx_info.location.clone(),
+                    location: rx_info.location,
                     context: rx_info.context.clone(),
                     metadata: rx_info.metadata.clone(),
                     crc_status: rx_info.crc_status,
@@ -195,23 +195,19 @@ impl DownlinkFrame {
                             Some(timing::Parameters::Immediately(v)) => {
                                 tx_info_legacy.timing = DownlinkTiming::Immediately.into();
                                 tx_info_legacy.timing_info = Some(
-                                    downlink_tx_info_legacy::TimingInfo::ImmediatelyTimingInfo(
-                                        v.clone(),
-                                    ),
+                                    downlink_tx_info_legacy::TimingInfo::ImmediatelyTimingInfo(*v),
                                 );
                             }
                             Some(timing::Parameters::Delay(v)) => {
                                 tx_info_legacy.timing = DownlinkTiming::Delay.into();
-                                tx_info_legacy.timing_info = Some(
-                                    downlink_tx_info_legacy::TimingInfo::DelayTimingInfo(v.clone()),
-                                );
+                                tx_info_legacy.timing_info =
+                                    Some(downlink_tx_info_legacy::TimingInfo::DelayTimingInfo(*v));
                             }
                             Some(timing::Parameters::GpsEpoch(v)) => {
                                 tx_info_legacy.timing = DownlinkTiming::GpsEpoch.into();
-                                tx_info_legacy.timing_info =
-                                    Some(downlink_tx_info_legacy::TimingInfo::GpsEpochTimingInfo(
-                                        v.clone(),
-                                    ));
+                                tx_info_legacy.timing_info = Some(
+                                    downlink_tx_info_legacy::TimingInfo::GpsEpochTimingInfo(*v),
+                                );
                             }
                             _ => {}
                         }

chirpstack/src/api/application.rs

@@ -1945,9 +1945,7 @@ pub mod test {
             }),
         };
         let mut create_req = Request::new(create_req);
-        create_req
-            .extensions_mut()
-            .insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        create_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let create_resp = service.create(create_req).await.unwrap();
         let create_resp = create_resp.get_ref();
 
@@ -1956,7 +1954,7 @@ pub mod test {
             id: create_resp.id.clone(),
         };
         let mut get_req = Request::new(get_req);
-        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let get_resp = service.get(get_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             Some(api::Application {
@@ -1978,7 +1976,7 @@ pub mod test {
             }),
         };
         let mut up_req = Request::new(up_req);
-        up_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        up_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let _ = service.update(up_req).await.unwrap();
 
         //get
@@ -1986,7 +1984,7 @@ pub mod test {
             id: create_resp.id.clone(),
         };
         let mut get_req = Request::new(get_req);
-        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let get_resp = service.get(get_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             Some(api::Application {
@@ -2006,7 +2004,7 @@ pub mod test {
             offset: 0,
         };
         let mut list_req = Request::new(list_req);
-        list_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        list_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let list_resp = service.list(list_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(1, list_resp.get_ref().total_count);
         assert_eq!(1, list_resp.get_ref().result.len());
@@ -2016,14 +2014,14 @@ pub mod test {
             id: create_resp.id.clone(),
         };
         let mut del_req = Request::new(del_req);
-        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let _ = service.delete(del_req).await.unwrap();
 
         let del_req = api::DeleteApplicationRequest {
             id: create_resp.id.clone(),
         };
         let mut del_req = Request::new(del_req);
-        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let del_resp = service.delete(del_req).await;
         assert!(del_resp.is_err());
     }
@@ -2038,7 +2036,7 @@ pub mod test {
         .unwrap();
 
         application::create(application::Application {
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
             name: "test-app".into(),
             ..Default::default()
         })
@@ -2059,7 +2057,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
     fn get_request<T>(user_id: &Uuid, req: T) -> Request<T> {
         let mut req = Request::new(req);
-        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(user_id.clone()));
+        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(*user_id));
         req
     }
 

chirpstack/src/api/auth/claims.rs

@@ -95,14 +95,11 @@ pub mod test {
         assert_eq!(claim, decoded);
 
         // different key
-        assert_eq!(
-            true,
-            AuthClaim::decode(&token, other_secret.as_ref()).is_err()
-        );
+        assert!(AuthClaim::decode(&token, other_secret.as_ref()).is_err());
 
         // expired
         claim.exp = Some(exp.timestamp() as usize);
         let token = claim.encode(secrect.as_ref()).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, AuthClaim::decode(&token, secrect.as_ref()).is_err());
+        assert!(AuthClaim::decode(&token, secrect.as_ref()).is_err());
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/api/auth/validator.rs

@@ -2138,7 +2138,7 @@ pub mod test {
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
-        for u in vec![
+        for u in [
             &user,
             &tenant_user,
             &tenant_admin,
@@ -2382,7 +2382,7 @@ pub mod test {
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
-        for u in vec![
+        for u in [
             &user,
             &user_admin,
             &tenant_admin,
@@ -2654,7 +2654,7 @@ pub mod test {
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
-        for u in vec![
+        for u in [
             &user_active,
             &user_admin,
             &tenant_admin,
@@ -2919,7 +2919,7 @@ pub mod test {
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
-        for u in vec![&user_active, &user_admin] {
+        for u in [&user_active, &user_admin] {
             user::create(u.clone()).await.unwrap();
         }
 
@@ -3075,7 +3075,7 @@ pub mod test {
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
-        for u in vec![
+        for u in [
             &user_active,
             &user_admin,
             &tenant_admin,
@@ -3093,14 +3093,14 @@ pub mod test {
 
         let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
             name: "test-dp".into(),
-            tenant_id: tenant_a.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: tenant_a.id,
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
         let dp_api_key_tenant = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
             name: "test-dp-tenant".into(),
-            tenant_id: api_key_tenant.tenant_id.unwrap().clone(),
+            tenant_id: api_key_tenant.tenant_id.unwrap(),
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
@@ -3378,7 +3378,7 @@ pub mod test {
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
-        for u in vec![
+        for u in [
             &user_active,
             &user_admin,
             &tenant_admin,
@@ -3636,7 +3636,7 @@ pub mod test {
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
-        for u in vec![&user_active, &user_admin, &tenant_user] {
+        for u in [&user_active, &user_admin, &tenant_user] {
             user::create(u.clone()).await.unwrap();
         }
 
@@ -3765,7 +3765,7 @@ pub mod test {
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
-        for u in vec![
+        for u in [
             &user_active,
             &user_admin,
             &tenant_admin,
@@ -4038,7 +4038,7 @@ pub mod test {
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
-        for u in vec![
+        for u in [
             &user_active,
             &user_admin,
             &tenant_admin,

chirpstack/src/api/device.rs

@@ -695,20 +695,18 @@ impl DeviceService for Device {
             .await?;
 
         let start = SystemTime::try_from(
-            req.start
+            *req.start
                 .as_ref()
                 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("start is None"))
-                .map_err(|e| e.status())?
-                .clone(),
+                .map_err(|e| e.status())?,
         )
         .map_err(|e| e.status())?;
 
         let end = SystemTime::try_from(
-            req.end
+            *req.end
                 .as_ref()
                 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("end is None"))
-                .map_err(|e| e.status())?
-                .clone(),
+                .map_err(|e| e.status())?,
         )
         .map_err(|e| e.status())?;
 
@@ -819,20 +817,18 @@ impl DeviceService for Device {
             .await?;
 
         let start = SystemTime::try_from(
-            req.start
+            *req.start
                 .as_ref()
                 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("start is None"))
-                .map_err(|e| e.status())?
-                .clone(),
+                .map_err(|e| e.status())?,
         )
         .map_err(|e| e.status())?;
 
         let end = SystemTime::try_from(
-            req.end
+            *req.end
                 .as_ref()
                 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("end is None"))
-                .map_err(|e| e.status())?
-                .clone(),
+                .map_err(|e| e.status())?,
         )
         .map_err(|e| e.status())?;
 
@@ -1256,7 +1252,7 @@ pub mod test {
         // create application
         let app = application::create(application::Application {
             name: "test-app".into(),
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
@@ -1265,7 +1261,7 @@ pub mod test {
         // create device-profile
         let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
             name: "test-dp".into(),
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
@@ -1421,12 +1417,10 @@ pub mod test {
         );
 
         // flush dev nonces
-        let _ = device_keys::set_dev_nonces(
-            &EUI64::from_str("0102030405060708").unwrap(),
-            &vec![1, 2, 3],
-        )
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
+        let _ =
+            device_keys::set_dev_nonces(&EUI64::from_str("0102030405060708").unwrap(), &[1, 2, 3])
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
         let flush_dev_nonces_req = get_request(
             &u.id,
             api::FlushDevNoncesRequest {
@@ -1618,7 +1612,7 @@ pub mod test {
             .await
             .unwrap();
         let dev_addr = DevAddr::from_str(&get_random_dev_addr_resp.get_ref().dev_addr).unwrap();
-        let mut dev_addr_copy = dev_addr.clone();
+        let mut dev_addr_copy = dev_addr;
         dev_addr_copy.set_dev_addr_prefix(NetID::from_str("000000").unwrap().dev_addr_prefix());
         assert_eq!(dev_addr, dev_addr_copy);
 
@@ -1666,10 +1660,10 @@ pub mod test {
         assert_eq!(2, get_queue_resp.total_count);
         assert_eq!(2, get_queue_resp.result.len());
         assert_eq!(vec![3, 2, 1], get_queue_resp.result[0].data);
-        assert_eq!(false, get_queue_resp.result[0].is_encrypted);
+        assert!(!get_queue_resp.result[0].is_encrypted);
         assert_eq!(0, get_queue_resp.result[0].f_cnt_down);
         assert_eq!(vec![1, 2, 3], get_queue_resp.result[1].data);
-        assert_eq!(true, get_queue_resp.result[1].is_encrypted);
+        assert!(get_queue_resp.result[1].is_encrypted);
         assert_eq!(10, get_queue_resp.result[1].f_cnt_down);
 
         // get next FCntDown (from queue)
@@ -1726,7 +1720,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
     fn get_request<T>(user_id: &Uuid, req: T) -> Request<T> {
         let mut req = Request::new(req);
-        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(user_id.clone()));
+        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(*user_id));
         req
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/api/device_profile.rs

@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
     fn get_request<T>(user_id: &Uuid, req: T) -> Request<T> {
         let mut req = Request::new(req);
-        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(user_id.clone()));
+        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(*user_id));
         req
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/api/device_profile_template.rs

@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
     fn get_request<T>(user_id: &Uuid, req: T) -> Request<T> {
         let mut req = Request::new(req);
-        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(user_id.clone()));
+        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(*user_id));
         req
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/api/gateway.rs

@@ -345,20 +345,18 @@ impl GatewayService for Gateway {
             .await?;
 
         let start = SystemTime::try_from(
-            req.start
+            *req.start
                 .as_ref()
                 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("start is None"))
-                .map_err(|e| e.status())?
-                .clone(),
+                .map_err(|e| e.status())?,
         )
         .map_err(|e| e.status())?;
 
         let end = SystemTime::try_from(
-            req.end
+            *req.end
                 .as_ref()
                 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("end is None"))
-                .map_err(|e| e.status())?
-                .clone(),
+                .map_err(|e| e.status())?,
         )
         .map_err(|e| e.status())?;
 
@@ -634,20 +632,18 @@ impl GatewayService for Gateway {
             .await?;
 
         let start = SystemTime::try_from(
-            req.start
+            *req.start
                 .as_ref()
                 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("start is None"))
-                .map_err(|e| e.status())?
-                .clone(),
+                .map_err(|e| e.status())?,
         )
         .map_err(|e| e.status())?;
 
         let end = SystemTime::try_from(
-            req.end
+            *req.end
                 .as_ref()
                 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("end is None"))
-                .map_err(|e| e.status())?
-                .clone(),
+                .map_err(|e| e.status())?,
         )
         .map_err(|e| e.status())?;
 
@@ -1032,9 +1028,7 @@ pub mod test {
             }),
         };
         let mut create_req = Request::new(create_req);
-        create_req
-            .extensions_mut()
-            .insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        create_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let _ = service.create(create_req).await.unwrap();
 
         // get
@@ -1042,7 +1036,7 @@ pub mod test {
             gateway_id: "0102030405060708".into(),
         };
         let mut get_req = Request::new(get_req);
-        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let get_resp = service.get(get_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             Some(api::Gateway {
@@ -1076,7 +1070,7 @@ pub mod test {
             }),
         };
         let mut up_req = Request::new(up_req);
-        up_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        up_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let _ = service.update(up_req).await.unwrap();
 
         // get
@@ -1084,7 +1078,7 @@ pub mod test {
             gateway_id: "0102030405060708".into(),
         };
         let mut get_req = Request::new(get_req);
-        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let get_resp = service.get(get_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             Some(api::Gateway {
@@ -1111,7 +1105,7 @@ pub mod test {
             ..Default::default()
         };
         let mut list_req = Request::new(list_req);
-        list_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        list_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let list_resp = service.list(list_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(1, list_resp.get_ref().total_count);
         assert_eq!(1, list_resp.get_ref().result.len());
@@ -1121,14 +1115,14 @@ pub mod test {
             gateway_id: "0102030405060708".into(),
         };
         let mut del_req = Request::new(del_req);
-        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let _ = service.delete(del_req).await.unwrap();
 
         let del_req = api::DeleteGatewayRequest {
             gateway_id: "0102030405060708".into(),
         };
         let mut del_req = Request::new(del_req);
-        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let del_resp = service.delete(del_req).await;
         assert!(del_resp.is_err());
     }
@@ -1160,7 +1154,7 @@ pub mod test {
         // create gateway
         let _ = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
             gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
             name: "test-gw".into(),
             ..Default::default()
         })
@@ -1172,7 +1166,7 @@ pub mod test {
         // insert stats
         let mut m = metrics::Record {
             kind: metrics::Kind::ABSOLUTE,
-            time: now.into(),
+            time: now,
             metrics: HashMap::new(),
         };
 
@@ -1204,9 +1198,7 @@ pub mod test {
             aggregation: common::Aggregation::Day.into(),
         };
         let mut stats_req = Request::new(stats_req);
-        stats_req
-            .extensions_mut()
-            .insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        stats_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let stats_resp = service.get_metrics(stats_req).await.unwrap();
         let stats_resp = stats_resp.get_ref();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -1257,7 +1249,7 @@ pub mod test {
         // create gateway
         let _ = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
             gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
             name: "test-gw".into(),
             ..Default::default()
         })
@@ -1269,7 +1261,7 @@ pub mod test {
         // insert stats
         let mut m = metrics::Record {
             kind: metrics::Kind::COUNTER,
-            time: now.into(),
+            time: now,
             metrics: HashMap::new(),
         };
 
@@ -1297,9 +1289,7 @@ pub mod test {
             end: Some(now_st.into()),
         };
         let mut stats_req = Request::new(stats_req);
-        stats_req
-            .extensions_mut()
-            .insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        stats_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let stats_resp = service.get_duty_cycle_metrics(stats_req).await.unwrap();
         let stats_resp = stats_resp.get_ref();
         assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/api/multicast.rs

@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ pub mod test {
         // create application
         let app = application::create(application::Application {
             name: "test-app".into(),
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ pub mod test {
         // create device-profile
         let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
             name: "test-dp".into(),
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
     fn get_request<T>(user_id: &Uuid, req: T) -> Request<T> {
         let mut req = Request::new(req);
-        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(user_id.clone()));
+        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(*user_id));
         req
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/api/relay.rs

@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
     fn get_request<T>(user_id: &Uuid, req: T) -> Request<T> {
         let mut req = Request::new(req);
-        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(user_id.clone()));
+        req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(*user_id));
         req
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/api/tenant.rs

@@ -482,9 +482,7 @@ pub mod test {
             }),
         };
         let mut create_req = Request::new(create_req);
-        create_req
-            .extensions_mut()
-            .insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        create_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let create_resp = service.create(create_req).await.unwrap();
 
         // get
@@ -492,7 +490,7 @@ pub mod test {
             id: create_resp.get_ref().id.clone(),
         };
         let mut get_req = Request::new(get_req);
-        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let get_resp = service.get(get_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             Some(api::Tenant {
@@ -520,7 +518,7 @@ pub mod test {
             }),
         };
         let mut up_req = Request::new(up_req);
-        up_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        up_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let _ = service.update(up_req).await.unwrap();
 
         // get
@@ -528,7 +526,7 @@ pub mod test {
             id: create_resp.get_ref().id.clone(),
         };
         let mut get_req = Request::new(get_req);
-        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let get_resp = service.get(get_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             Some(api::Tenant {
@@ -551,7 +549,7 @@ pub mod test {
             user_id: "".into(),
         };
         let mut list_req = Request::new(list_req);
-        list_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        list_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let list_resp = service.list(list_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(1, list_resp.get_ref().total_count);
         assert_eq!(1, list_resp.get_ref().result.len());
@@ -561,14 +559,14 @@ pub mod test {
             id: create_resp.get_ref().id.clone(),
         };
         let mut del_req = Request::new(del_req);
-        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let _ = service.delete(del_req).await.unwrap();
 
         let del_req = api::DeleteTenantRequest {
             id: create_resp.get_ref().id.clone(),
         };
         let mut del_req = Request::new(del_req);
-        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let del_resp = service.delete(del_req).await;
         assert!(del_resp.is_err());
     }

chirpstack/src/api/user.rs

@@ -292,9 +292,7 @@ pub mod test {
             }),
         };
         let mut create_req = Request::new(create_req);
-        create_req
-            .extensions_mut()
-            .insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        create_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let create_resp = service.create(create_req).await.unwrap();
 
         // get
@@ -302,7 +300,7 @@ pub mod test {
             id: create_resp.get_ref().id.clone(),
         };
         let mut get_req = Request::new(get_req);
-        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let get_resp = service.get(get_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             Some(api::User {
@@ -328,7 +326,7 @@ pub mod test {
             }),
         };
         let mut up_req = Request::new(up_req);
-        up_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        up_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let _ = service.update(up_req).await.unwrap();
 
         // get
@@ -336,7 +334,7 @@ pub mod test {
             id: create_resp.get_ref().id.clone(),
         };
         let mut get_req = Request::new(get_req);
-        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        get_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let get_resp = service.get(get_req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             Some(api::User {
@@ -356,7 +354,7 @@ pub mod test {
             password: "newpassword".into(),
         };
         let mut up_req = Request::new(up_req);
-        up_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        up_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let _ = service.update_password(up_req).await.unwrap();
 
         // list
@@ -365,7 +363,7 @@ pub mod test {
             limit: 10,
         };
         let mut list_req = Request::new(list_req);
-        list_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        list_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let list_resp = service.list(list_req).await.unwrap();
         // * Admin from migrations
         // * User that we created for auth
@@ -378,14 +376,14 @@ pub mod test {
             id: create_resp.get_ref().id.clone(),
         };
         let mut del_req = Request::new(del_req);
-        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let _ = service.delete(del_req).await.unwrap();
 
         let del_req = api::DeleteUserRequest {
             id: create_resp.get_ref().id.clone(),
         };
         let mut del_req = Request::new(del_req);
-        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let del_resp = service.delete(del_req).await;
         assert!(del_resp.is_err());
 
@@ -393,7 +391,7 @@ pub mod test {
             id: u.id.to_string(),
         };
         let mut del_req = Request::new(del_req);
-        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id.clone()));
+        del_req.extensions_mut().insert(AuthID::User(u.id));
         let del_resp = service.delete(del_req).await;
         assert!(del_resp.is_err());
     }

chirpstack/src/downlink/classb.rs

@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ pub mod test {
 
             for _ in 0..100000 {
                 let offset = get_ping_offset(beacon_ts, &dev_addr, ping_nb).unwrap();
-                assert!(offset <= ping_period - 1);
-                beacon_ts = beacon_ts + *BEACON_PERIOD;
+                assert!(offset < ping_period);
+                beacon_ts += *BEACON_PERIOD;
             }
         }
     }

chirpstack/src/downlink/data.rs

@@ -1349,7 +1349,7 @@ impl Data {
                 ds.last_device_status_request = Some(Utc::now().into());
             }
             Some(ts) => {
-                let ts: DateTime<Utc> = ts.clone().try_into().map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
+                let ts: DateTime<Utc> = (*ts).try_into().map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
                 let req_interval = Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24)
                     / self.device_profile.device_status_req_interval as u32;
 
@@ -1711,8 +1711,7 @@ impl Data {
 
             match &rd.w_f_cnt_last_request {
                 Some(v) => {
-                    let last_req: DateTime<Utc> =
-                        v.clone().try_into().map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
+                    let last_req: DateTime<Utc> = (*v).try_into().map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
                     if last_req
                         < Utc::now()
                             .checked_sub_signed(chrono::Duration::try_hours(24).unwrap())

chirpstack/src/downlink/helpers.rs

@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ mod tests {
             for _ in 0..100 {
                 let out = select_downlink_gateway(
                     test.tenant_id,
-                    &"eu868",
+                    "eu868",
                     test.min_snr_margin,
                     &mut rx_info,
                 )
@@ -328,8 +328,7 @@ mod tests {
             }
 
             assert_eq!(test.expected_gws.len(), gw_map.len());
-            assert_eq!(
-                true,
+            assert!(
                 expected_gws.keys().all(|k| gw_map.contains_key(k)),
                 "Expected: {:?}, got: {:?}",
                 expected_gws,

chirpstack/src/downlink/tx_ack.rs

@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ impl TxAck {
         }
 
         let dfl = stream_pb::DownlinkFrameLog {
-            time: dfl.time.clone(),
+            time: dfl.time,
             phy_payload: phy.to_vec()?,
             tx_info: dfl.tx_info.clone(),
             downlink_id: dfl.downlink_id,

chirpstack/src/integration/loracloud/buffer.rs

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub async fn get_geoloc_buffer(
                     None => {
                         return false;
                     }
-                    Some(v) => match v.clone().try_into() {
+                    Some(v) => match (*v).try_into() {
                         Ok(v) => v,
                         Err(_) => {
                             return false;

chirpstack/src/integration/loracloud/mod.rs

@@ -44,11 +44,7 @@ impl Integration {
         let di = pl.device_info.as_ref().unwrap();
 
         info!(dev_eui = %di.dev_eui, "Forwarding join notification");
-        let ts: DateTime<Utc> = pl
-            .time
-            .as_ref()
-            .unwrap()
-            .clone()
+        let ts: DateTime<Utc> = (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
             .try_into()
             .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
         let dev_eui = EUI64::from_str(&di.dev_eui)?;
@@ -74,11 +70,7 @@ impl Integration {
         let di = pl.device_info.as_ref().unwrap();
 
         info!(dev_eui = %di.dev_eui, "Forwarding updf message");
-        let ts: DateTime<Utc> = pl
-            .time
-            .as_ref()
-            .unwrap()
-            .clone()
+        let ts: DateTime<Utc> = (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
             .try_into()
             .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
         let dev_eui = EUI64::from_str(&di.dev_eui)?;
@@ -150,11 +142,7 @@ impl Integration {
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let di = pl.device_info.as_ref().unwrap();
         info!(dev_eui = %di.dev_eui, "Forwarding uplink meta-data");
-        let ts: DateTime<Utc> = pl
-            .time
-            .as_ref()
-            .unwrap()
-            .clone()
+        let ts: DateTime<Utc> = (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
             .try_into()
             .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
         let dev_eui = EUI64::from_str(&di.dev_eui)?;
@@ -242,11 +230,7 @@ impl Integration {
         }
 
         let di = pl.device_info.as_ref().unwrap();
-        let ts: DateTime<Utc> = pl
-            .time
-            .as_ref()
-            .unwrap()
-            .clone()
+        let ts: DateTime<Utc> = (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
             .try_into()
             .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
         let dev_eui = EUI64::from_str(&di.dev_eui)?;

chirpstack/src/integration/postgresql/mod.rs

@@ -268,11 +268,7 @@ impl IntegrationTrait for Integration {
 
         let e = EventUp {
             deduplication_id: Uuid::from_str(&pl.deduplication_id)?,
-            time: pl
-                .time
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap()
-                .clone()
+            time: (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
                 .try_into()
                 .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,
             tenant_id: Uuid::from_str(&di.tenant_id)?,
@@ -314,11 +310,7 @@ impl IntegrationTrait for Integration {
 
         let e = EventJoin {
             deduplication_id: Uuid::from_str(&pl.deduplication_id)?,
-            time: pl
-                .time
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap()
-                .clone()
+            time: (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
                 .try_into()
                 .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,
             tenant_id: Uuid::from_str(&di.tenant_id)?,
@@ -352,11 +344,7 @@ impl IntegrationTrait for Integration {
         let e = EventAck {
             queue_item_id: Uuid::from_str(&pl.queue_item_id)?,
             deduplication_id: Uuid::from_str(&pl.deduplication_id)?,
-            time: pl
-                .time
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap()
-                .clone()
+            time: (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
                 .try_into()
                 .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,
             tenant_id: Uuid::from_str(&di.tenant_id)?,
@@ -391,11 +379,7 @@ impl IntegrationTrait for Integration {
         let e = EventTxAck {
             queue_item_id: Uuid::from_str(&pl.queue_item_id)?,
             downlink_id: pl.downlink_id as i64,
-            time: pl
-                .time
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap()
-                .clone()
+            time: (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
                 .try_into()
                 .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,
             tenant_id: Uuid::from_str(&di.tenant_id)?,
@@ -429,11 +413,7 @@ impl IntegrationTrait for Integration {
         info!(dev_eui = %di.dev_eui, event = "log", "Inserting event");
 
         let e = EventLog {
-            time: pl
-                .time
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap()
-                .clone()
+            time: (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
                 .try_into()
                 .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,
             tenant_id: Uuid::from_str(&di.tenant_id)?,
@@ -469,11 +449,7 @@ impl IntegrationTrait for Integration {
 
         let e = EventStatus {
             deduplication_id: Uuid::from_str(&pl.deduplication_id)?,
-            time: pl
-                .time
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap()
-                .clone()
+            time: (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
                 .try_into()
                 .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,
             tenant_id: Uuid::from_str(&di.tenant_id)?,
@@ -510,11 +486,7 @@ impl IntegrationTrait for Integration {
 
         let e = EventLocation {
             deduplication_id: Uuid::from_str(&pl.deduplication_id)?,
-            time: pl
-                .time
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap()
-                .clone()
+            time: (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
                 .try_into()
                 .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,
             tenant_id: Uuid::from_str(&di.tenant_id)?,
@@ -551,11 +523,7 @@ impl IntegrationTrait for Integration {
 
         let e = EventIntegration {
             deduplication_id: Uuid::from_str(&pl.deduplication_id)?,
-            time: pl
-                .time
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap()
-                .clone()
+            time: (*pl.time.as_ref().unwrap())
                 .try_into()
                 .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,
             tenant_id: Uuid::from_str(&di.tenant_id)?,

chirpstack/src/integration/redis.rs

@@ -240,10 +240,10 @@ pub mod test {
     async fn assert_reply(last_id: &str, event: &str, b: &[u8]) -> String {
         let srr: StreamReadReply = redis::cmd("XREAD")
             .arg("COUNT")
-            .arg(1 as usize)
+            .arg(1_usize)
             .arg("STREAMS")
             .arg("device:stream:event")
-            .arg(&last_id)
+            .arg(last_id)
             .query_async(&mut get_async_redis_conn().await.unwrap())
             .await
             .unwrap();

chirpstack/src/maccommand/configure_fwd_limit.rs

@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@ mod test {
             );
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/ctrl_uplink_list.rs

@@ -297,10 +297,10 @@ mod test {
             .await;
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             let d = device::get(&dev.dev_eui).await.unwrap();

chirpstack/src/maccommand/dev_status.rs

@@ -137,22 +137,22 @@ pub mod test {
         .await
         .unwrap();
         let app = application::create(application::Application {
-            tenant_id: tenant.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: tenant.id,
             name: "test-app".into(),
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
         let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
-            tenant_id: tenant.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: tenant.id,
             name: "test-dp".into(),
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
         let dev = device::create(device::Device {
-            application_id: app.id.clone(),
-            device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+            application_id: app.id,
+            device_profile_id: dp.id,
             dev_eui: EUI64::from_str("0102030405060708").unwrap(),
             name: "test-device".into(),
             ..Default::default()
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ pub mod test {
         let resp = handle(&ufs, &tenant, &app, &dp, &dev, &block)
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, resp.is_none());
+        assert!(resp.is_none());
 
         // Integration events are handled async.
         sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
         let d = device::get(&dev.dev_eui).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(Some(10), d.margin);
-        assert_eq!(false, d.external_power_source);
+        assert!(!d.external_power_source);
         assert_eq!(
             Some(BigDecimal::from_str("100.00").unwrap()),
             d.battery_level

chirpstack/src/maccommand/device_mode_ind.rs

@@ -50,22 +50,22 @@ pub mod test {
         .await
         .unwrap();
         let app = application::create(application::Application {
-            tenant_id: tenant.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: tenant.id,
             name: "test-app".into(),
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
         let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
-            tenant_id: tenant.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: tenant.id,
             name: "test-dp".into(),
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
         let dev = device::create(device::Device {
-            application_id: app.id.clone(),
-            device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+            application_id: app.id,
+            device_profile_id: dp.id,
             dev_eui: EUI64::from_str("0102030405060708").unwrap(),
             name: "test-device".into(),
             ..Default::default()

chirpstack/src/maccommand/end_device_conf.rs

@@ -188,10 +188,10 @@ mod test {
             );
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/filter_list.rs

@@ -222,10 +222,10 @@ mod test {
             let resp = handle(&mut dev, &tst.filter_list_ans, tst.filter_list_req.as_ref());
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/link_adr.rs

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ pub mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test() {
         region::set(
-            &"eu868",
+            "eu868",
             lrwn::region::get(lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868, false, false),
         );
 
@@ -367,19 +367,17 @@ pub mod test {
             let block = lrwn::MACCommandSet::new(vec![lrwn::MACCommand::LinkADRAns(
                 tst.link_adr_ans.clone(),
             )]);
-            let pending = match &tst.link_adr_req {
-                Some(v) => Some(lrwn::MACCommandSet::new(vec![
-                    lrwn::MACCommand::LinkADRReq(v.clone()),
-                ])),
-                None => None,
-            };
+            let pending = tst
+                .link_adr_req
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|v| lrwn::MACCommandSet::new(vec![lrwn::MACCommand::LinkADRReq(v.clone())]));
 
             let res = handle(&ufs, &mut dev, &block, pending.as_ref());
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, res.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(res.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", res.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, res.unwrap().is_none(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(res.unwrap().is_none(), "{}", tst.name);
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/new_channel.rs

@@ -479,10 +479,10 @@ pub mod test {
             let res = handle(&mut dev, &tst.new_channel_ans, tst.new_channel_req.as_ref());
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, res.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(res.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", res.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, res.unwrap().is_none(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(res.unwrap().is_none(), "{}", tst.name);
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/ping_slot_channel.rs

@@ -193,10 +193,10 @@ pub mod test {
             );
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/rejoin_param_setup.rs

@@ -171,10 +171,10 @@ pub mod test {
             );
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/relay_conf.rs

@@ -186,10 +186,10 @@ mod test {
             let resp = handle(&mut dev, &tst.relay_conf_ans, tst.relay_conf_req.as_ref());
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/rx_param_setup.rs

@@ -194,10 +194,10 @@ pub mod test {
             );
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/rx_timing_setup.rs

@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ pub mod test {
             );
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/tx_param_setup.rs

@@ -149,10 +149,10 @@ pub mod test {
             );
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/maccommand/update_uplink_list.rs

@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ pub mod test {
             );
 
             if let Some(e) = &tst.expected_error {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
+                assert!(resp.is_err(), "{}", tst.name);
                 assert_eq!(e, &format!("{}", resp.err().unwrap()), "{}", tst.name);
             } else {
-                assert_eq!(true, resp.unwrap().is_none());
+                assert!(resp.unwrap().is_none());
             }
 
             assert_eq!(

chirpstack/src/storage/api_key.rs

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ pub mod test {
     pub async fn create_api_key(is_admin: bool, is_tenant: bool) -> ApiKey {
         let ak = ApiKey {
             name: "test api key".into(),
-            is_admin: is_admin,
+            is_admin,
             tenant_id: match is_tenant {
                 false => None,
                 true => Some(tenant::test::create_tenant().await.id),
@@ -191,6 +191,6 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // delete
         delete(&ak_admin.id).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete(&ak_admin.id).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete(&ak_admin.id).await.is_err());
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/storage/application.rs

@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ pub mod test {
         };
 
         let a = Application {
-            tenant_id: tenant_id,
+            tenant_id,
             name: "test application".into(),
             description: "test application description".into(),
             ..Default::default()
@@ -662,6 +662,6 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // delete
         delete(&app.id).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete(&app.id).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete(&app.id).await.is_err());
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/storage/device.rs

@@ -795,9 +795,9 @@ pub mod test {
 
         let d = Device {
             name: "test-dev".into(),
-            dev_eui: dev_eui,
-            application_id: application_id,
-            device_profile_id: device_profile_id,
+            dev_eui,
+            application_id,
+            device_profile_id,
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // delete
         delete(&d.dev_eui).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete(&d.dev_eui).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete(&d.dev_eui).await.is_err());
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ pub mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_get_full_f_cnt_up() {
         // server, device, expected
-        let tests = vec![
+        let tests = [
             (1, 1, 1),                                 // frame-counter is as expected
             (1 << 16, 0, 1 << 16),                     // frame-counter is as expected
             ((1 << 16) + 1, 1, (1 << 16) + 1),         // frame-counter is as expected
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ pub mod test {
             (2, 1, 1),                                 // re-transmission of previous frame
             ((1 << 16) + 1, 0, (1 << 16)),             // re-transmission of previous frame
             ((1 << 16), (1 << 16) - 1, (1 << 16) - 1), // re-transmission of previous frame
-            (u32::MAX, 0, 0),                          // 32bit frame-counter rollover
+            (u32::MAX, 0, 0),
         ];
 
         for (i, tst) in tests.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -1363,7 +1363,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
             let d = get_for_phypayload_and_incr_f_cnt_up(false, &mut phy, 0, 0).await;
             if tst.expected_error.is_some() {
-                assert_eq!(true, d.is_err());
+                assert!(d.is_err());
                 assert_eq!(
                     tst.expected_error.as_ref().unwrap(),
                     &d.err().unwrap().to_string()
@@ -1380,15 +1380,15 @@ pub mod test {
                 }
 
                 if let ValidationStatus::Ok(full_f_cnt, d) = d {
-                    assert_eq!(false, tst.expected_retransmission);
+                    assert!(!tst.expected_retransmission);
                     assert_eq!(tst.expected_dev_eui, d.dev_eui,);
                     assert_eq!(tst.expected_fcnt_up, full_f_cnt);
                 } else if let ValidationStatus::Retransmission(full_f_cnt, d) = d {
-                    assert_eq!(true, tst.expected_retransmission);
+                    assert!(tst.expected_retransmission);
                     assert_eq!(tst.expected_dev_eui, d.dev_eui,);
                     assert_eq!(tst.expected_fcnt_up, full_f_cnt);
                 } else if let ValidationStatus::Reset(_, d) = d {
-                    assert_eq!(true, tst.expected_reset);
+                    assert!(tst.expected_reset);
                     assert_eq!(tst.expected_dev_eui, d.dev_eui,);
                 }
             }

chirpstack/src/storage/device_keys.rs

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ pub mod test {
         };
 
         let dk = DeviceKeys {
-            dev_eui: dev_eui,
+            dev_eui,
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
@@ -213,6 +213,6 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // delete
         delete(&dk.dev_eui).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete(&dk.dev_eui).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete(&dk.dev_eui).await.is_err());
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/storage/device_profile.rs

@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ pub mod test {
         kv.insert("foo".into(), "bar".into());
 
         let dp = DeviceProfile {
-            tenant_id: tenant_id,
+            tenant_id,
             name: "test device-profile".into(),
             region: CommonName::EU868,
             mac_version: MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
@@ -501,6 +501,6 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // delete
         delete(&dp.id).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete(&dp.id).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete(&dp.id).await.is_err());
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/storage/device_profile_template.rs

@@ -361,6 +361,6 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // delete
         delete(&dp.id).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete(&dp.id).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete(&dp.id).await.is_err());
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/storage/device_queue.rs

@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ pub mod test {
         // next next queue item for dev eui
         let resp = get_next_for_dev_eui(&d.dev_eui).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(qi, resp.0);
-        assert_eq!(false, resp.1);
+        assert!(!resp.1);
 
         // update
         qi.is_pending = true;
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // delete
         delete_item(&qi.id).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete_item(&qi.id).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete_item(&qi.id).await.is_err());
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // flush
         flush_for_dev_eui(&d.dev_eui).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete_item(&qi.id).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete_item(&qi.id).await.is_err());
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]

chirpstack/src/storage/gateway.rs

@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
         let gw = Gateway {
             gateway_id: id,
-            tenant_id: tenant_id,
+            tenant_id,
             name: "gw".into(),
             ..Default::default()
         };
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // delete
         delete(&gw.gateway_id).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete(&gw.gateway_id).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete(&gw.gateway_id).await.is_err());
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]

chirpstack/src/storage/mac_command.rs

@@ -87,6 +87,6 @@ pub mod test {
         let resp = get_pending(&dev_eui, lrwn::CID::DevStatusReq)
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, resp.is_none());
+        assert!(resp.is_none());
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/storage/passive_roaming.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub async fn save(ds: &internal::PassiveRoamingDeviceSession) -> Result<()> {
         EUI64::from_slice(&ds.dev_eui)?
     };
 
-    let lifetime: DateTime<Utc> = match ds.lifetime.clone() {
+    let lifetime: DateTime<Utc> = match ds.lifetime {
         Some(v) => v.try_into().map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?,
         None => {
             debug!("Not saving passive-roaming device-session, no passive-roaming lifetime set");

chirpstack/src/storage/search.rs

@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
         let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
             name: "test-dp".into(),
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
         let a = application::create(application::Application {
             name: "test-app".into(),
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ pub mod test {
         let _gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
             gateway_id: EUI64::from_str("0102030405060708").unwrap(),
             name: "test-gateway".into(),
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ pub mod test {
         let _d = device::create(device::Device {
             dev_eui: EUI64::from_str("0203040506070809").unwrap(),
             name: "test-device".into(),
-            application_id: a.id.clone(),
-            device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+            application_id: a.id,
+            device_profile_id: dp.id,
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // User is tenant-user, this returns results.
         tenant::add_user(tenant::TenantUser {
-            tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
-            user_id: u.id.clone(),
+            tenant_id: t.id,
+            user_id: u.id,
             ..Default::default()
         })
         .await

chirpstack/src/storage/tenant.rs

@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ pub mod test {
         let _guard = test::prepare().await;
 
         // delete default tenant
-        let _ = delete(&Uuid::from_str("52f14cd4-c6f1-4fbd-8f87-4025e1d49242").unwrap())
+        delete(&Uuid::from_str("52f14cd4-c6f1-4fbd-8f87-4025e1d49242").unwrap())
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ pub mod test {
 
         // delete
         delete(&t.id).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete(&t.id).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete(&t.id).await.is_err());
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]

chirpstack/src/storage/user.rs

@@ -232,20 +232,20 @@ pub mod test {
             email_verified: true,
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        user.set_password_hash(&"password!", 1).unwrap();
+        user.set_password_hash("password!", 1).unwrap();
         create(user).await.unwrap()
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_hash_password() {
-        assert_eq!(true, hash_password(&"foobar", 1000).is_ok());
+        assert!(hash_password("foobar", 1000).is_ok());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_verify_password() {
         // this is the ChirpStack Application Server default admin hash, with == removed
         // to test the compatibility betweeh the two pbkdf2 implementations.
-        assert_eq!(true, verify_password(&"admin", &"$pbkdf2-sha512$i=1,l=64$l8zGKtxRESq3PA2kFhHRWA$H3lGMxOt55wjwoc+myeOoABofJY9oDpldJa7fhqdjbh700V6FLPML75UmBOt9J5VFNjAL1AvqCozA1HJM0QVGA"));
+        assert!(verify_password("admin", "$pbkdf2-sha512$i=1,l=64$l8zGKtxRESq3PA2kFhHRWA$H3lGMxOt55wjwoc+myeOoABofJY9oDpldJa7fhqdjbh700V6FLPML75UmBOt9J5VFNjAL1AvqCozA1HJM0QVGA"));
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -262,23 +262,20 @@ pub mod test {
         user = update(user).await.unwrap();
 
         // get by external id
-        let user_get = get_by_external_id(&"external_id").await.unwrap();
+        let user_get = get_by_external_id("external_id").await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(user, user_get);
 
         // get_by_email_and_pw
-        assert_eq!(
-            true,
-            get_by_email_and_pw(&"test@example.com", &"bar")
-                .await
-                .is_err()
-        );
-        let user_get = get_by_email_and_pw(&"test@example.com", &"password!")
+        assert!(get_by_email_and_pw("test@example.com", "bar")
+            .await
+            .is_err());
+        let user_get = get_by_email_and_pw("test@example.com", "password!")
             .await
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(user, user_get);
 
         // delete
         delete(&user.id).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(true, delete(&user.id).await.is_err());
+        assert!(delete(&user.id).await.is_err());
     }
 }

chirpstack/src/stream/api_request.rs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ mod tests {
         let key = redis_key("api:stream:request".to_string());
         let srr: StreamReadReply = redis::cmd("XREAD")
             .arg("COUNT")
-            .arg(1 as usize)
+            .arg(1_usize)
             .arg("STREAMS")
             .arg(&key)
             .arg("0")

chirpstack/src/stream/frame.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub async fn log_uplink_for_gateways(ufl: &stream::UplinkFrameLog) -> Result<()>
             m_type: ufl.m_type,
             dev_addr: ufl.dev_addr.clone(),
             dev_eui: ufl.dev_eui.clone(),
-            time: ufl.time.clone(),
+            time: ufl.time,
             plaintext_f_opts: ufl.plaintext_f_opts,
             plaintext_frm_payload: ufl.plaintext_frm_payload,
         };

chirpstack/src/test/assert.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub type Validator = Box<dyn Fn() -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>>>;
 
 pub fn f_cnt_up(dev_eui: EUI64, f_cnt: u32) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         Box::pin(async move {
             let d = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
             let ds = d.get_device_session().unwrap();
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn f_cnt_up(dev_eui: EUI64, f_cnt: u32) -> Validator {
 
 pub fn n_f_cnt_down(dev_eui: EUI64, f_cnt: u32) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         Box::pin(async move {
             let d = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
             let ds = d.get_device_session().unwrap();
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn n_f_cnt_down(dev_eui: EUI64, f_cnt: u32) -> Validator {
 
 pub fn a_f_cnt_down(dev_eui: EUI64, f_cnt: u32) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         Box::pin(async move {
             let d = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
             let ds = d.get_device_session().unwrap();
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub fn a_f_cnt_down(dev_eui: EUI64, f_cnt: u32) -> Validator {
 
 pub fn tx_power_index(dev_eui: EUI64, tx_power: u32) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         Box::pin(async move {
             let d = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
             let ds = d.get_device_session().unwrap();
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn tx_power_index(dev_eui: EUI64, tx_power: u32) -> Validator {
 
 pub fn nb_trans(dev_eui: EUI64, nb_trans: u32) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         Box::pin(async move {
             let d = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
             let ds = d.get_device_session().unwrap();
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ pub fn nb_trans(dev_eui: EUI64, nb_trans: u32) -> Validator {
 
 pub fn enabled_uplink_channel_indices(dev_eui: EUI64, channels: Vec<u32>) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         let channels = channels.clone();
         Box::pin(async move {
             let d = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ pub fn enabled_uplink_channel_indices(dev_eui: EUI64, channels: Vec<u32>) -> Val
 
 pub fn dr(dev_eui: EUI64, dr: u32) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         Box::pin(async move {
             let d = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
             let ds = d.get_device_session().unwrap();
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ pub fn dr(dev_eui: EUI64, dr: u32) -> Validator {
 
 pub fn mac_command_error_count(dev_eui: EUI64, cid: lrwn::CID, count: u32) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         Box::pin(async move {
             let d = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
             let ds = d.get_device_session().unwrap();
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub fn mac_command_error_count(dev_eui: EUI64, cid: lrwn::CID, count: u32) -> Va
 
 pub fn uplink_adr_history(dev_eui: EUI64, uh: Vec<internal::UplinkAdrHistory>) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         let uh = uh.clone();
         Box::pin(async move {
             let d = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ pub fn downlink_frame_saved(df: internal::DownlinkFrame) -> Validator {
 pub fn device_queue_items(dev_eui: EUI64, items: Vec<device_queue::DeviceQueueItem>) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
         let items = items.clone();
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         Box::pin(async move {
             let items_get = device_queue::get_for_dev_eui(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -394,8 +394,8 @@ pub fn device_queue_items(dev_eui: EUI64, items: Vec<device_queue::DeviceQueueIt
 
 pub fn enabled_class(dev_eui: EUI64, c: DeviceClass) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let c = c.clone();
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let c = c;
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         Box::pin(async move {
             let dev = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
             assert_eq!(c, dev.enabled_class);
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ pub fn uplink_meta_log(um: stream::UplinkMeta) -> Validator {
             let key = redis_key("stream:meta".to_string());
             let srr: StreamReadReply = redis::cmd("XREAD")
                 .arg("COUNT")
-                .arg(1 as usize)
+                .arg(1_usize)
                 .arg("STREAMS")
                 .arg(&key)
                 .arg("0")
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ pub fn device_uplink_frame_log(uf: stream::UplinkFrameLog) -> Validator {
             let key = redis_key(format!("device:{{{}}}:stream:frame", uf.dev_eui));
             let srr: StreamReadReply = redis::cmd("XREAD")
                 .arg("COUNT")
-                .arg(1 as usize)
+                .arg(1_usize)
                 .arg("STREAMS")
                 .arg(&key)
                 .arg("0")
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ pub fn device_uplink_frame_log(uf: stream::UplinkFrameLog) -> Validator {
 
 pub fn scheduler_run_after_set(dev_eui: EUI64) -> Validator {
     Box::new(move || {
-        let dev_eui = dev_eui.clone();
+        let dev_eui = dev_eui;
         Box::pin(async move {
             let d = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
             assert!(d.scheduler_run_after.is_some());

chirpstack/src/test/class_a_pr_test.rs

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ async fn test_fns_uplink() {
                 ul_meta_data: backend::ULMetaData {
                     ul_freq: Some(868.1),
                     data_rate: Some(0),
-                    recv_time: recv_time,
+                    recv_time,
                     rf_region: "EU868".to_string(),
                     gw_cnt: Some(1),
                     gw_info: roaming::rx_info_to_gw_info(&[rx_info.clone()]).unwrap(),
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ async fn test_fns_uplink() {
         .status(200);
     });
 
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
 
     // Simulate uplink
     uplink::handle_uplink(
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ async fn test_sns_uplink() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ async fn test_sns_uplink() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -225,8 +225,8 @@ async fn test_sns_uplink() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::B,
         dev_addr: Some(dev_addr),
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ async fn test_sns_uplink() {
         ul_meta_data: backend::ULMetaData {
             ul_freq: Some(868.1),
             data_rate: Some(0),
-            recv_time: recv_time,
+            recv_time,
             rf_region: "EU868".to_string(),
             gw_cnt: Some(1),
             gw_info: roaming::rx_info_to_gw_info(&[rx_info.clone()]).unwrap(),
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ async fn test_sns_roaming_not_allowed() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ async fn test_sns_roaming_not_allowed() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -473,8 +473,8 @@ async fn test_sns_roaming_not_allowed() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::B,
         dev_addr: Some(dev_addr),
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ async fn test_sns_roaming_not_allowed() {
         ul_meta_data: backend::ULMetaData {
             ul_freq: Some(868.1),
             data_rate: Some(0),
-            recv_time: recv_time,
+            recv_time,
             rf_region: "EU868".to_string(),
             gw_cnt: Some(1),
             gw_info: roaming::rx_info_to_gw_info(&[rx_info.clone()]).unwrap(),
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ async fn test_sns_dev_not_found() {
         ul_meta_data: backend::ULMetaData {
             ul_freq: Some(868.1),
             data_rate: Some(0),
-            recv_time: recv_time,
+            recv_time,
             rf_region: "EU868".to_string(),
             gw_cnt: Some(1),
             gw_info: roaming::rx_info_to_gw_info(&[rx_info.clone()]).unwrap(),

chirpstack/src/test/class_a_test.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
 
     let gw_a = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway-a".into(),
-        tenant_id: t_a.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t_a.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
 
     let gw_b = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway-b".into(),
-        tenant_id: t_b.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t_b.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t_a.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t_a.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t_a.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t_a.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::B,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let tests = vec![
         Test {
@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ async fn test_region_config_id_filtering() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ async fn test_region_config_id_filtering() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan102.into(),
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_errors() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_errors() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_errors() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -416,8 +416,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_errors() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_errors() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan102.into(),
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_errors() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_errors() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_errors() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_1_0,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -613,8 +613,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_errors() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -639,13 +639,13 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_errors() {
         frequency: 868300000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info_freq, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info_freq, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut tx_info_dr = gw::UplinkTxInfo {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info_dr, 3).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info_dr, 3).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan102.into(),
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_skip_f_cnt() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_skip_f_cnt() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_skip_f_cnt() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -767,8 +767,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_skip_f_cnt() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         skip_fcnt_check: true,
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_skip_f_cnt() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan102.into(),
@@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_disabled() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_disabled() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_disabled() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -961,8 +961,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_disabled() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         is_disabled: true,
@@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_disabled() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan102.into(),
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_uplink() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_uplink() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_uplink() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_4,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -1085,8 +1085,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_uplink() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -1111,13 +1111,13 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_uplink() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut tx_info_lr_fhss = gw::UplinkTxInfo {
         frequency: 867300000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info_lr_fhss, 10).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info_lr_fhss, 10).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan104.into(),
@@ -1693,7 +1693,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_end_to_end_enc() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -1702,7 +1702,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_end_to_end_enc() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -1710,7 +1710,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_end_to_end_enc() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_4,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -1722,8 +1722,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_end_to_end_enc() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -1748,7 +1748,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_end_to_end_enc() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds_sess_key_id = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan104.into(),
@@ -2021,7 +2021,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_uplink() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -2030,7 +2030,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_uplink() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -2038,7 +2038,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_uplink() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_1_0,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -2050,8 +2050,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_uplink() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -2076,13 +2076,13 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_uplink() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut tx_info_lr_fhss = gw::UplinkTxInfo {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info_lr_fhss, 8).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info_lr_fhss, 8).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan110.into(),
@@ -2260,7 +2260,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_rx_delay() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -2269,7 +2269,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_rx_delay() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -2277,7 +2277,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_rx_delay() {
 
     let mut dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_4,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -2289,8 +2289,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_rx_delay() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -2315,13 +2315,13 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_rx_delay() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut tx_info_lr_fhss = gw::UplinkTxInfo {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info_lr_fhss, 8).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info_lr_fhss, 8).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan104.into(),
@@ -2705,7 +2705,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_mac_commands() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -2714,7 +2714,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_mac_commands() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -2722,7 +2722,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_mac_commands() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_4,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -2734,8 +2734,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_mac_commands() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -2760,13 +2760,13 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_mac_commands() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut tx_info_lr_fhss = gw::UplinkTxInfo {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info_lr_fhss, 8).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info_lr_fhss, 8).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan104.into(),
@@ -2793,7 +2793,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_mac_commands() {
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             device_queue_items: vec![],
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dp_id = dp.id.clone();
+                let dp_id = dp.id;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     let mut dp = device_profile::get(&dp_id).await.unwrap();
                     dp.device_status_req_interval = 1;
@@ -2801,7 +2801,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_mac_commands() {
                 })
             })),
             after_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dp_id = dp.id.clone();
+                let dp_id = dp.id;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     let mut dp = device_profile::get(&dp_id).await.unwrap();
                     dp.device_status_req_interval = 0;
@@ -2892,7 +2892,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_mac_commands() {
                 ..Default::default()
             }],
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dp_id = dp.id.clone();
+                let dp_id = dp.id;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     let mut dp = device_profile::get(&dp_id).await.unwrap();
                     dp.device_status_req_interval = 1;
@@ -2900,7 +2900,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_mac_commands() {
                 })
             })),
             after_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dp_id = dp.id.clone();
+                let dp_id = dp.id;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     let mut dp = device_profile::get(&dp_id).await.unwrap();
                     dp.device_status_req_interval = 0;
@@ -3076,7 +3076,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_mac_commands() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -3085,7 +3085,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_mac_commands() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -3093,7 +3093,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_mac_commands() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_1_0,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -3105,8 +3105,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_mac_commands() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -3131,7 +3131,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_mac_commands() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan110.into(),
@@ -3270,7 +3270,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_queue() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -3279,7 +3279,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_queue() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -3287,7 +3287,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_queue() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_4,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -3299,8 +3299,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_queue() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -3325,7 +3325,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_queue() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan104.into(),
@@ -3747,7 +3747,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_device_queue() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -3756,7 +3756,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_device_queue() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -3764,7 +3764,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_device_queue() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_1_0,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -3776,8 +3776,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_device_queue() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -3802,7 +3802,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_device_queue() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan110.into(),
@@ -4227,7 +4227,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_adr() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -4236,7 +4236,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_adr() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -4244,7 +4244,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_adr() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_4,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -4257,8 +4257,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_adr() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -4283,7 +4283,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_adr() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan104.into(),
@@ -5070,7 +5070,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_status_request() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -5079,7 +5079,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_status_request() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -5087,7 +5087,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_status_request() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_4,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -5100,8 +5100,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_status_request() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -5126,7 +5126,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10_device_status_request() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan104.into(),
@@ -5336,7 +5336,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_receive_window_selection() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -5345,7 +5345,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_receive_window_selection() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -5353,7 +5353,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_receive_window_selection() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_1_0,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -5365,8 +5365,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_receive_window_selection() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -5391,13 +5391,13 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_receive_window_selection() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut tx_info_lr_fhss = gw::UplinkTxInfo {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info_lr_fhss, 8).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info_lr_fhss, 8).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan110.into(),
@@ -5660,7 +5660,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11_receive_window_selection() {
     })
     .await;
 
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 5).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 5).unwrap();
 
     run_test(&Test {
         name: "unconfirmed uplink with payload (rx1, payload exceeds rx2 limit)".into(),
@@ -5774,7 +5774,7 @@ async fn run_test(t: &Test) {
     reset_redis().await.unwrap();
 
     integration::set_mock().await;
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
 
     integration::mock::reset().await;
     gateway_backend::mock::reset().await;

chirpstack/src/test/class_b_test.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ async fn test_uplink() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ async fn test_uplink() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ async fn test_uplink() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_4,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ async fn test_uplink() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ async fn test_uplink() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let ds = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan104.into(),
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ async fn test_uplink() {
             mic: Some([241, 100, 207, 79]),
         },
         assert: vec![
-            assert::f_cnt_up(dev.dev_eui.clone(), 9),
-            assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui.clone(), DeviceClass::B),
+            assert::f_cnt_up(dev.dev_eui, 9),
+            assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui, DeviceClass::B),
         ],
     })
     .await;
@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ async fn test_uplink() {
             mic: Some([137, 180, 12, 148]),
         },
         assert: vec![
-            assert::f_cnt_up(dev.dev_eui.clone(), 9),
-            assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui.clone(), DeviceClass::A),
+            assert::f_cnt_up(dev.dev_eui, 9),
+            assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui, DeviceClass::A),
         ],
     })
     .await;
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_4,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::B,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         device_queue_items: vec![device_queue::DeviceQueueItem {
             id: Uuid::nil(),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             f_port: 10,
             data: vec![1, 2, 3],
             ..Default::default()
@@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         device_session: Some(ds.clone()),
         device_gateway_rx_info: Some(device_gateway_rx_info.clone()),
         assert: vec![
-            assert::f_cnt_up(dev.dev_eui.clone(), 8),
-            assert::n_f_cnt_down(dev.dev_eui.clone(), 5),
+            assert::f_cnt_up(dev.dev_eui, 8),
+            assert::n_f_cnt_down(dev.dev_eui, 5),
             assert::downlink_frame(gw::DownlinkFrame {
                 gateway_id: "0102030405060708".into(),
                 items: vec![gw::DownlinkFrameItem {
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         device_queue_items: vec![device_queue::DeviceQueueItem {
             id: Uuid::nil(),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             f_port: 10,
             data: vec![1, 2, 3],
             ..Default::default()
@@ -376,14 +376,14 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         device_queue_items: vec![
             device_queue::DeviceQueueItem {
                 id: Uuid::nil(),
-                dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+                dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
                 f_port: 10,
                 data: vec![1, 2, 3],
                 ..Default::default()
             },
             device_queue::DeviceQueueItem {
                 id: Uuid::new_v4(),
-                dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+                dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
                 f_port: 10,
                 data: vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
                 ..Default::default()
@@ -392,8 +392,8 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         device_session: Some(ds.clone()),
         device_gateway_rx_info: Some(device_gateway_rx_info.clone()),
         assert: vec![
-            assert::f_cnt_up(dev.dev_eui.clone(), 8),
-            assert::n_f_cnt_down(dev.dev_eui.clone(), 5),
+            assert::f_cnt_up(dev.dev_eui, 8),
+            assert::n_f_cnt_down(dev.dev_eui, 5),
             assert::downlink_frame(gw::DownlinkFrame {
                 gateway_id: "0102030405060708".into(),
                 items: vec![gw::DownlinkFrameItem {
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ async fn run_uplink_test(t: &UplinkTest) {
     reset_redis().await.unwrap();
 
     integration::set_mock().await;
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
 
     integration::mock::reset().await;
     gateway_backend::mock::reset().await;
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ async fn run_scheduler_test(t: &DownlinkTest) {
     reset_redis().await.unwrap();
 
     integration::set_mock().await;
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
 
     integration::mock::reset().await;
     gateway_backend::mock::reset().await;
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ async fn run_scheduler_test(t: &DownlinkTest) {
     .unwrap();
 
     if let Some(rx_info) = &t.device_gateway_rx_info {
-        let _ = device_gateway::save_rx_info(rx_info).await.unwrap();
+        device_gateway::save_rx_info(rx_info).await.unwrap();
     }
 
     for qi in &t.device_queue_items {

chirpstack/src/test/class_c_test.rs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_4,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::C,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4])),
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         device_queue_items: vec![device_queue::DeviceQueueItem {
             id: Uuid::nil(),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             f_port: 10,
             data: vec![1, 2, 3],
             ..Default::default()
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         device_queue_items: vec![device_queue::DeviceQueueItem {
             id: Uuid::nil(),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             f_port: 10,
             data: vec![1, 2, 3],
             ..Default::default()
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         device_session: Some(ds.clone()),
         device_gateway_rx_info: Some(device_gateway_rx_info.clone()),
         assert: vec![
-            assert::n_f_cnt_down(dev.dev_eui.clone(), 5),
+            assert::n_f_cnt_down(dev.dev_eui, 5),
             assert::downlink_frame(gw::DownlinkFrame {
                 gateway_id: "0102030405060708".into(),
                 items: vec![gw::DownlinkFrameItem {
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         device_queue_items: vec![device_queue::DeviceQueueItem {
             id: Uuid::nil(),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             f_port: 10,
             data: vec![1, 2, 3],
             ..Default::default()
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         device_queue_items: vec![device_queue::DeviceQueueItem {
             id: Uuid::nil(),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             f_port: 10,
             data: vec![1, 2, 3],
             confirmed: true,
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         device_session: Some(ds.clone()),
         device_gateway_rx_info: Some(device_gateway_rx_info.clone()),
         assert: vec![
-            assert::n_f_cnt_down(dev.dev_eui.clone(), 5),
+            assert::n_f_cnt_down(dev.dev_eui, 5),
             assert::downlink_frame(gw::DownlinkFrame {
                 gateway_id: "0102030405060708".into(),
                 items: vec![gw::DownlinkFrameItem {
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ async fn test_downlink_scheduler() {
         dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         device_queue_items: vec![device_queue::DeviceQueueItem {
             id: Uuid::nil(),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             f_port: 10,
             data: vec![0; 300],
             ..Default::default()
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ async fn run_scheduler_test(t: &DownlinkTest) {
     reset_redis().await.unwrap();
 
     integration::set_mock().await;
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
 
     integration::mock::reset().await;
     gateway_backend::mock::reset().await;
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ async fn run_scheduler_test(t: &DownlinkTest) {
     .unwrap();
 
     if let Some(rx_info) = &t.device_gateway_rx_info {
-        let _ = device_gateway::save_rx_info(rx_info).await.unwrap();
+        device_gateway::save_rx_info(rx_info).await.unwrap();
     }
 
     for qi in &t.device_queue_items {

chirpstack/src/test/mod.rs

@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@ pub async fn prepare<'a>() -> std::sync::MutexGuard<'a, ()> {
     // setup adr
     adr::setup().await.unwrap();
 
-    return guard;
+    guard
 }

chirpstack/src/test/multicast_test.rs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ async fn test_multicast() {
     // device-profile
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "test-dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ async fn run_scheduler_test(t: &MulticastTest) {
     println!("> {}", t.name);
 
     integration::set_mock().await;
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
 
     // overwrite multicast-group to deal with frame-counter increments
     multicast::update(t.multicast_group.clone()).await.unwrap();

chirpstack/src/test/otaa_js_test.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ async fn test_js() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gw".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ async fn test_js() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_3,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ async fn test_js() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ async fn test_js() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "dev".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ async fn test_js() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut rx_info = gw::UplinkRxInfo {
         gateway_id: gw.gateway_id.to_string(),
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ async fn test_js() {
         },
         payload: lrwn::Payload::JoinRequest(lrwn::JoinRequestPayload {
             join_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             dev_nonce: 1,
         }),
         mic: Some([1, 2, 3, 4]),
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ async fn test_js() {
             },
             assert: vec![
                 assert::device_session(
-                    dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+                    dev.dev_eui,
                     internal::DeviceSession {
                         dev_addr: vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
                         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan103.into(),
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ async fn test_js() {
             },
             assert: vec![
                 assert::device_session(
-                    dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+                    dev.dev_eui,
                     internal::DeviceSession {
                         dev_addr: vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
                         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan103.into(),
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ async fn test_js() {
             },
             assert: vec![
                 assert::device_session(
-                    dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+                    dev.dev_eui,
                     internal::DeviceSession {
                         dev_addr: vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
                         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan103.into(),
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ async fn run_test(t: &Test) {
     joinserver::setup().await.unwrap();
 
     integration::set_mock().await;
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
 
     integration::mock::reset().await;
     gateway_backend::mock::reset().await;

chirpstack/src/test/otaa_pr_test.rs

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ async fn test_fns() {
                     dev_eui: vec![8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1],
                     ul_freq: Some(868.1),
                     data_rate: Some(0),
-                    recv_time: recv_time,
+                    recv_time,
                     rf_region: "EU868".to_string(),
                     gw_cnt: Some(1),
                     gw_info: roaming::rx_info_to_gw_info(&[rx_info.clone()]).unwrap(),
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ async fn test_fns() {
         .status(200);
     });
 
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
     gateway_backend::mock::reset().await;
 
     // Simulate uplink
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ async fn test_sns() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ async fn test_sns() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -302,8 +302,8 @@ async fn test_sns() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::B,
         ..Default::default()
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ async fn test_sns() {
     .unwrap();
 
     let dk = device_keys::create(device_keys::DeviceKeys {
-        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         nwk_key: AES128Key::from_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]),
         dev_nonces: vec![],
         ..Default::default()
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ async fn test_sns() {
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.to_vec(),
             ul_freq: Some(868.1),
             data_rate: Some(0),
-            recv_time: recv_time,
+            recv_time,
             rf_region: "EU868".to_string(),
             gw_cnt: Some(1),
             gw_info: roaming::rx_info_to_gw_info(&[rx_info.clone()]).unwrap(),
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ async fn test_sns_roaming_not_allowed() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ async fn test_sns_roaming_not_allowed() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -487,8 +487,8 @@ async fn test_sns_roaming_not_allowed() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::B,
         ..Default::default()
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ async fn test_sns_roaming_not_allowed() {
     .unwrap();
 
     let dk = device_keys::create(device_keys::DeviceKeys {
-        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         nwk_key: AES128Key::from_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]),
         dev_nonces: vec![],
         ..Default::default()
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ async fn test_sns_roaming_not_allowed() {
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.to_vec(),
             ul_freq: Some(868.1),
             data_rate: Some(0),
-            recv_time: recv_time,
+            recv_time,
             rf_region: "EU868".to_string(),
             gw_cnt: Some(1),
             gw_info: roaming::rx_info_to_gw_info(&[rx_info.clone()]).unwrap(),

chirpstack/src/test/otaa_test.rs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
 
     let gw_a = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway-a".into(),
-        tenant_id: t_a.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t_a.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
 
     let gw_b = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway-b".into(),
-        tenant_id: t_b.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t_b.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t_a.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t_a.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t_a.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t_a.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::B,
         ..Default::default()
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
     .unwrap();
 
     let dk = device_keys::create(device_keys::DeviceKeys {
-        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         nwk_key: AES128Key::from_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]),
         dev_nonces: vec![Some(258)],
         ..Default::default()
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut jr_pl = lrwn::PhyPayload {
         mhdr: lrwn::MHDR {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
         },
         payload: lrwn::Payload::JoinRequest(lrwn::JoinRequestPayload {
             join_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             dev_nonce: 258,
         }),
         mic: None,
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
             name: "private gateway of same tenant".into(),
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     device_keys::test::reset_nonces(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
                 })
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
             phy_payload: jr_pl.clone(),
             extra_uplink_channels: vec![],
             assert: vec![assert::device_session(
-                dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+                dev.dev_eui,
                 internal::DeviceSession {
                     dev_addr: vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
                     mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan102.into(),
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
             name: "private gateway other tenant".into(),
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     device_keys::test::reset_nonces(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
                 })
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ async fn test_gateway_filtering() {
             tx_info: tx_info.clone(),
             phy_payload: jr_pl.clone(),
             extra_uplink_channels: vec![],
-            assert: vec![assert::no_device_session(dev.dev_eui.clone())],
+            assert: vec![assert::no_device_session(dev.dev_eui)],
         },
     ];
 
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -261,8 +261,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::B,
         ..Default::default()
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
     .unwrap();
 
     let dk = device_keys::create(device_keys::DeviceKeys {
-        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         nwk_key: AES128Key::from_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]),
         dev_nonces: vec![Some(258)],
         ..Default::default()
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut jr_pl = lrwn::PhyPayload {
         mhdr: lrwn::MHDR {
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
         },
         payload: lrwn::Payload::JoinRequest(lrwn::JoinRequestPayload {
             join_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             dev_nonce: 258,
         }),
         mic: None,
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
             name: "join-request accepted".into(),
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     device_keys::test::reset_nonces(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
                 })
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
                     EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
                 ),
                 assert::device_session(
-                    dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+                    dev.dev_eui,
                     internal::DeviceSession {
                         dev_addr: vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
                         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan102.into(),
@@ -563,8 +563,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
                     }),
                     ..Default::default()
                 }),
-                assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui.clone(), DeviceClass::A),
-                assert::device_queue_items(dev.dev_eui.clone(), vec![]),
+                assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui, DeviceClass::A),
+                assert::device_queue_items(dev.dev_eui, vec![]),
                 assert::uplink_meta_log(stream::UplinkMeta {
                     dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.to_string(),
                     tx_info: Some(tx_info.clone()),
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
             name: "join-request accepted + skip fcnt check".into(),
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     device_keys::test::reset_nonces(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
                 })
             })),
             after_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     let mut dev = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
                     dev.skip_fcnt_check = false;
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
             phy_payload: jr_pl.clone(),
             extra_uplink_channels: vec![],
             assert: vec![assert::device_session(
-                dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+                dev.dev_eui,
                 internal::DeviceSession {
                     dev_addr: vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
                     mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan102.into(),
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
             name: "join-request accepted + cflist".into(),
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     device_keys::test::reset_nonces(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
                 })
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
             extra_uplink_channels: vec![867100000, 867300000, 867500000, 867700000, 867900000],
             assert: vec![
                 assert::device_session(
-                    dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+                    dev.dev_eui,
                     internal::DeviceSession {
                         dev_addr: vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
                         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan102.into(),
@@ -787,8 +787,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
             name: "join-request accepted + class-b supported".into(),
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
-                let dp_id = dp.id.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
+                let dp_id = dp.id;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     device_keys::test::reset_nonces(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
                 })
             })),
             after_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dp_id = dp.id.clone();
+                let dp_id = dp.id;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     let mut dp = device_profile::get(&dp_id).await.unwrap();
                     dp.supports_class_b = false;
@@ -809,14 +809,14 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
             tx_info: tx_info.clone(),
             phy_payload: jr_pl.clone(),
             extra_uplink_channels: Vec::new(),
-            assert: vec![assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui.clone(), DeviceClass::A)],
+            assert: vec![assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui, DeviceClass::A)],
         },
         Test {
             name: "join-request accepted + class-c supported".into(),
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
-                let dp_id = dp.id.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
+                let dp_id = dp.id;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     device_keys::test::reset_nonces(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
                 })
             })),
             after_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dp_id = dp.id.clone();
+                let dp_id = dp.id;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     let mut dp = device_profile::get(&dp_id).await.unwrap();
                     dp.supports_class_c = false;
@@ -837,13 +837,13 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
             tx_info: tx_info.clone(),
             phy_payload: jr_pl.clone(),
             extra_uplink_channels: Vec::new(),
-            assert: vec![assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui.clone(), DeviceClass::C)],
+            assert: vec![assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui, DeviceClass::C)],
         },
         Test {
             name: "device disabled".into(),
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     device_keys::test::reset_nonces(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
                 })
             })),
             after_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     let mut dev = device::get(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
                     dev.is_disabled = false;
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_1_0,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::RP002_1_0_3,
@@ -916,8 +916,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::B,
         ..Default::default()
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
     .unwrap();
 
     let dk = device_keys::create(device_keys::DeviceKeys {
-        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         nwk_key: AES128Key::from_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]),
         app_key: AES128Key::from_bytes([16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]),
         dev_nonces: vec![Some(258)],
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut jr_pl = lrwn::PhyPayload {
         mhdr: lrwn::MHDR {
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
         },
         payload: lrwn::Payload::JoinRequest(lrwn::JoinRequestPayload {
             join_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             dev_nonce: 258,
         }),
         mic: None,
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
             name: "join-request accepted".into(),
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     device_keys::test::reset_nonces(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
                 })
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
             extra_uplink_channels: vec![],
             assert: vec![
                 assert::device_session(
-                    dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+                    dev.dev_eui,
                     internal::DeviceSession {
                         dev_addr: vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
                         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan110.into(),
@@ -1185,16 +1185,16 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
                     }),
                     ..Default::default()
                 }),
-                assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui.clone(), DeviceClass::A),
-                assert::device_queue_items(dev.dev_eui.clone(), vec![]),
+                assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui, DeviceClass::A),
+                assert::device_queue_items(dev.dev_eui, vec![]),
             ],
         },
         Test {
             name: "join-request accepted + class-c supported".into(),
             dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             before_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui.clone();
-                let dp_id = dp.id.clone();
+                let dev_eui = dev.dev_eui;
+                let dp_id = dp.id;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     device_keys::test::reset_nonces(&dev_eui).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
                 })
             })),
             after_func: Some(Box::new(move || {
-                let dp_id = dp.id.clone();
+                let dp_id = dp.id;
                 Box::pin(async move {
                     let mut dp = device_profile::get(&dp_id).await.unwrap();
                     dp.supports_class_c = false;
@@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_11() {
             tx_info: tx_info.clone(),
             phy_payload: jr_pl.clone(),
             extra_uplink_channels: Vec::new(),
-            assert: vec![assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui.clone(), DeviceClass::A)],
+            assert: vec![assert::enabled_class(dev.dev_eui, DeviceClass::A)],
         },
     ];
 
@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ async fn run_test(t: &Test) {
     region::setup().unwrap();
 
     integration::set_mock().await;
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
 
     integration::mock::reset().await;
     gateway_backend::mock::reset().await;

chirpstack/src/test/relay_class_a_test.rs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 5).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 5).unwrap();
 
     let ds_relay = internal::DeviceSession {
         mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan104.into(),
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ async fn run_test(t: &Test) {
     reset_redis().await.unwrap();
 
     integration::set_mock().await;
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
 
     integration::mock::reset().await;
     gateway_backend::mock::reset().await;

chirpstack/src/test/relay_otaa_test.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use lrwn::{AES128Key, DevAddr, EUI64};
 async fn test_lorawan_10() {
     let _guard = test::prepare().await;
     integration::set_mock().await;
-    gateway_backend::set_backend(&"eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
+    gateway_backend::set_backend("eu868", Box::new(gateway_backend::mock::Backend {})).await;
 
     integration::mock::reset().await;
     gateway_backend::mock::reset().await;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let gw = gateway::create(gateway::Gateway {
         name: "gateway".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         gateway_id: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let app = application::create(application::Application {
         name: "app".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let dp = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let dp_relay = device_profile::create(device_profile::DeviceProfile {
         name: "dp".into(),
-        tenant_id: t.id.clone(),
+        tenant_id: t.id,
         region: lrwn::region::CommonName::EU868,
         mac_version: lrwn::region::MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2,
         reg_params_revision: lrwn::region::Revision::A,
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let dev = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         ..Default::default()
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
     .unwrap();
 
     let dk_dev = device_keys::create(device_keys::DeviceKeys {
-        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+        dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
         nwk_key: AES128Key::from_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
         ..Default::default()
     })
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let dev_relay = device::create(device::Device {
         name: "relay-device".into(),
-        application_id: app.id.clone(),
-        device_profile_id: dp_relay.id.clone(),
+        application_id: app.id,
+        device_profile_id: dp_relay.id,
         dev_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2]),
         enabled_class: DeviceClass::A,
         dev_addr: Some(DevAddr::from_be_bytes([4, 3, 2, 1])),
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
         frequency: 868100000,
         ..Default::default()
     };
-    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation(&"eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
+    uplink::helpers::set_uplink_modulation("eu868", &mut tx_info, 0).unwrap();
 
     let mut jr_pl = lrwn::PhyPayload {
         mhdr: lrwn::MHDR {
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
         },
         payload: lrwn::Payload::JoinRequest(lrwn::JoinRequestPayload {
             join_eui: EUI64::from_be_bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]),
-            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev_eui: dev.dev_eui,
             dev_nonce: 1,
         }),
         mic: None,
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ async fn test_lorawan_10() {
 
     let assertions = vec![
         assert::device_session(
-            dev.dev_eui.clone(),
+            dev.dev_eui,
             internal::DeviceSession {
                 dev_addr: vec![1, 2, 3, 4],
                 mac_version: common::MacVersion::Lorawan102.into(),

chirpstack/src/uplink/data.rs

@@ -1029,11 +1029,9 @@ impl Data {
                 match v {
                     pbjson_types::value::Kind::NumberValue(v) => {
                         let record = metrics::Record {
-                            time: DateTime::<Utc>::try_from(
-                                up_event.time.as_ref().unwrap().clone(),
-                            )
-                            .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?
-                            .with_timezone(&Local),
+                            time: DateTime::<Utc>::try_from(*up_event.time.as_ref().unwrap())
+                                .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?
+                                .with_timezone(&Local),
                             kind: match dp_m.kind {
                                 fields::MeasurementKind::COUNTER => metrics::Kind::COUNTER,
                                 fields::MeasurementKind::ABSOLUTE => metrics::Kind::ABSOLUTE,

chirpstack/src/uplink/helpers.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn get_rx_timestamp(rx_info: &[gw::UplinkRxInfo]) -> SystemTime {
     // Then search for time.
     for rxi in rx_info {
         if let Some(ts) = &rxi.gw_time {
-            let ts: Result<DateTime<Utc>> = ts.clone().try_into().map_err(anyhow::Error::msg);
+            let ts: Result<DateTime<Utc>> = (*ts).try_into().map_err(anyhow::Error::msg);
             if let Ok(ts) = ts {
                 return ts.into();
             }
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub fn get_rx_timestamp_chrono(rx_info: &[gw::UplinkRxInfo]) -> DateTime<Utc> {
     // Then search for time.
     for rxi in rx_info {
         if let Some(ts) = &rxi.gw_time {
-            let ts: Result<DateTime<Utc>> = ts.clone().try_into().map_err(anyhow::Error::msg);
+            let ts: Result<DateTime<Utc>> = (*ts).try_into().map_err(anyhow::Error::msg);
             if let Ok(ts) = ts {
                 return ts;
             }
@@ -140,9 +140,7 @@ pub fn get_start_location(rx_info: &[gw::UplinkRxInfo]) -> Option<common::Locati
         .cloned()
         .collect();
     with_loc.sort_by(|a, b| a.snr.partial_cmp(&b.snr).unwrap());
-    with_loc
-        .first()
-        .map(|i| i.location.as_ref().unwrap().clone())
+    with_loc.first().map(|i| *i.location.as_ref().unwrap())
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

chirpstack/src/uplink/mesh.rs

@@ -75,8 +75,7 @@ impl MeshHeartbeat {
         let border_gw = gateway::get(&self.gateway_id).await?;
 
         let ts: DateTime<Utc> = match &self.mesh_stats.time {
-            Some(v) => v
-                .clone()
+            Some(v) => (*v)
                 .try_into()
                 .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Convert time error: {}", e))?,
             None => {

chirpstack/src/uplink/stats.rs

@@ -102,9 +102,7 @@ impl Stats {
 
         let mut m = metrics::Record {
             time: match &self.stats.time {
-                Some(v) => DateTime::try_from(v.clone())
-                    .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?
-                    .into(),
+                Some(v) => DateTime::try_from(*v).map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?.into(),
                 None => Local::now(),
             },
             kind: metrics::Kind::ABSOLUTE,
@@ -179,15 +177,12 @@ impl Stats {
 
         let window: Duration = duty_cycle_stats
             .window
-            .clone()
             .map(|v| v.try_into().unwrap_or_default())
             .unwrap_or_default();
 
         let mut m = metrics::Record {
             time: match &self.stats.time {
-                Some(v) => DateTime::try_from(v.clone())
-                    .map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?
-                    .into(),
+                Some(v) => DateTime::try_from(*v).map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?.into(),
                 None => Local::now(),
             },
             kind: metrics::Kind::COUNTER,
@@ -197,12 +192,10 @@ impl Stats {
         for b in &duty_cycle_stats.bands {
             let load_max: Duration = b
                 .load_max
-                .clone()
                 .map(|d| d.try_into().unwrap_or_default())
                 .unwrap_or_default();
             let load_tracked: Duration = b
                 .load_tracked
-                .clone()
                 .map(|d| d.try_into().unwrap_or_default())
                 .unwrap_or_default();
 

lrwn/src/devaddr.rs

@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ mod tests {
         ];
 
         for tst in tests {
-            let mut devaddr = tst.devaddr.clone();
+            let mut devaddr = tst.devaddr;
             devaddr.set_dev_addr_prefix(tst.netid.dev_addr_prefix());
             assert_eq!(tst.expected_devaddr, devaddr);
         }

lrwn/src/eui64.rs

@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_eui64_from_str() {
         let eui = EUI64::from_be_bytes([0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08]);
-        assert_eq!(eui, EUI64::from_str(&"0102030405060708").unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(eui, EUI64::from_str("0102030405060708").unwrap());
     }
 
     #[test]

lrwn/src/maccommand.rs

@@ -2649,7 +2649,7 @@ mod test {
                 uplink: false,
                 command: MACCommand::NewChannelReq(NewChannelReqPayload {
                     ch_index: 3,
-                    freq: 2410_000_000,
+                    freq: 2_410_000_000,
                     max_dr: 5,
                     min_dr: 0,
                 }),

lrwn/src/payload.rs

@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ mod tests {
         // before it can be decoded
         assert_eq!(
             Payload::Raw(vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03]),
-            Payload::from_slice(MType::JoinAccept, &vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03]).unwrap()
+            Payload::from_slice(MType::JoinAccept, &[0x01, 0x02, 0x03]).unwrap()
         );
 
         // test decoding the (decrypted) join-accept payload

lrwn/src/region/as923.rs

@@ -1000,8 +1000,7 @@ pub mod test {
     use crate::*;
 
     fn config() -> Configuration {
-        let c = Configuration::new(CommonName::AS923, true, true);
-        c
+        Configuration::new(CommonName::AS923, true, true)
     }
 
     #[test]

lrwn/src/region/au915.rs

@@ -1219,8 +1219,7 @@ pub mod test {
     use crate::*;
 
     fn config_full() -> Configuration {
-        let c = Configuration::new(false, false);
-        c
+        Configuration::new(false, false)
     }
 
     fn config_chan_8_15() -> Configuration {
@@ -1340,7 +1339,7 @@ pub mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_cf_list() {
         let c = config_chan_8_15();
-        assert_eq!(true, c.get_cf_list(MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2).is_none());
+        assert!(c.get_cf_list(MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2).is_none());
 
         let lw_11_cf_list = c.get_cf_list(MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_1_0).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(

lrwn/src/region/cn470.rs

@@ -588,8 +588,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::*;
 
     fn config_full() -> Configuration {
-        let c = Configuration::new(false);
-        c
+        Configuration::new(false)
     }
 
     #[test]

lrwn/src/region/cn779.rs

@@ -566,8 +566,7 @@ mod test {
     use crate::*;
 
     fn config() -> Configuration {
-        let c = Configuration::new(false);
-        c
+        Configuration::new(false)
     }
 
     #[test]

lrwn/src/region/eu868.rs

@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ mod tests {
                         ch_mask_cntl: 0,
                         nb_rep: 0,
                     },
-                    ch_mask: ChMask::from_slice(&vec![true, true, true]).unwrap(),
+                    ch_mask: ChMask::from_slice(&[true, true, true]).unwrap(),
                 }],
             },
             // Base channels are active
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ mod tests {
                         ch_mask_cntl: 0,
                         nb_rep: 0,
                     },
-                    ch_mask: ChMask::from_slice(&vec![true, true, true]).unwrap(),
+                    ch_mask: ChMask::from_slice(&[true, true, true]).unwrap(),
                 }],
             },
         ];
@@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn get_uplink_channel_index() {
         let c = config_with_user_channels();
-        let tests = vec![
+        let tests = [
             (false, 868100000),
             (false, 868300000),
             (false, 868500000),
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn get_uplink_channel_index_for_freq_dr() {
         let c = config_with_user_channels();
-        let tests = vec![
+        let tests = [
             (3, 868100000),
             (3, 868300000),
             (3, 868500000),
@@ -978,8 +978,8 @@ mod tests {
         let c = config_with_user_channels();
         assert_eq!(
             CFList::Channels(
-                CFListChannels::from_slice(&vec![
-                    867100000, 867300000, 867500000, 867700000, 867900000,
+                CFListChannels::from_slice(&[
+                    867100000, 867300000, 867500000, 867700000, 867900000
                 ])
                 .unwrap()
             ),

lrwn/src/region/us915.rs

@@ -907,8 +907,7 @@ pub mod test {
     use crate::*;
 
     fn config_full() -> Configuration {
-        let c = Configuration::new(false);
-        c
+        Configuration::new(false)
     }
 
     fn config_chan_8_15() -> Configuration {
@@ -1030,7 +1029,7 @@ pub mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_cf_list() {
         let c = config_chan_8_15();
-        assert_eq!(true, c.get_cf_list(MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2).is_none());
+        assert!(c.get_cf_list(MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_0_2).is_none());
 
         let lw_11_cf_list = c.get_cf_list(MacVersion::LORAWAN_1_1_0).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(