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README.md
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README.md
@ -29,23 +29,22 @@ they are reusable as-is in most scripts.
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## Goals
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Delete-Key-**Friendly**. We propose using [`main.sh`](http://bash3boilerplate.sh/main.sh)
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as a base and removing the parts you don't need, rather than introducing packages, includes, compilers, etc.
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This may feel a bit archaic at first, but that is exactly the strength of Bash scripts that we want to embrace.
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Delete-Key-**Friendly**. In stead of introducing packages, includes, compilers, etc., we propose using [`main.sh`](http://bash3boilerplate.sh/main.sh) as a base and removing the parts you don't need.
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While this may feel a bit archaic at first, it is exactly the strength of Bash scripts that we should want to embrace.
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**Portable**. We're targeting Bash 3 (OSX still ships
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with 3 for instance). If you're going to ask people to install
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**Portable**. We are targeting Bash 3 (OSX still ships
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with 3 for instance). If you are going to ask people to install
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Bash 4 first, you might as well pick a more advanced language as a
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dependency.
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## Features
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- Conventions so that after a while, all your scripts will follow the same, battle-tested structure
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- Safe by default (break on error, pipefail, etc)
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- Conventions that will make sure that all your scripts will follow the same, battle-tested structure
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- Safe by default (break on error, pipefail, etc.)
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- Configuration by environment variables
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- Simple command-line argument parsing that requires no external dependencies. Definitions are parsed from help info, so there is no duplication
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- Simple command-line argument parsing that requires no external dependencies. Definitions are parsed from help info, ensuring there will be no duplication
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- Helpful magic variables like `__file` and `__dir`
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- Logging that supports colors and is compatible with [Syslog Severity levels](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syslog#Severity_levels) as well as the [twelve-factor](http://12factor.net/) guidelines
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- Logging that supports colors and is compatible with [Syslog Severity levels](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syslog#Severity_levels), as well as the [twelve-factor](http://12factor.net/) guidelines
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## Who uses b3bp?
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@ -54,15 +53,15 @@ dependency.
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- [Sourcery Institute](http://www.sourceryinstitute.org)
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- [Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory](http://cobralab.ca/)
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We're looking for endorsement! Are you also using b3bp? [Let us know](https://github.com/kvz/bash3boilerplate/issues/new?title=I%20use%20b3bp) and get listed.
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We are looking for endorsements! Are you also using b3bp? [Let us know](https://github.com/kvz/bash3boilerplate/issues/new?title=I%20use%20b3bp) and get listed.
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## Installation
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There are 3 different ways you can install b3bp:
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There are three different ways to install b3bp:
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### option 1: Download the main template
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Use curl or wget to download the source, save as your script, and start deleting the unwanted bits, and adding your own logic.
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Use curl or wget to download the source and save it as your script. Then you can start deleting the unwanted bits, and adding your own logic.
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```bash
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wget http://bash3boilerplate.sh/main.sh
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@ -71,22 +70,22 @@ vim main.sh
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### option 2: Clone the entire project
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Besides `main.sh`, this will get you the entire b3bp repository including a few extra functions that we keep in the `./src` directory.
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Besides `main.sh`, this will also get you the entire b3bp repository. This includes a few extra functions that we keep in the `./src` directory.
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```bash
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git clone git@github.com:kvz/bash3boilerplate.git
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```
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### option 3: Require via npm
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### option 3: Require via npm0
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As of `v1.0.3`, b3bp can also be installed as a Node module so you can define it as a dependency in `package.json` via:
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As of `v1.0.3`, b3bp can also be installed as a Node module, meaning you can define it as a dependency in `package.json` via:
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```bash
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npm init
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npm install --save --save-exact bash3boilerplate
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```
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Although this option introduces a Node.js dependency, this does allow for easy version pinning and distribution in environments that already have this prerequisite. But, this is optional and nothing prevents you from ignoring this possibility.
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Even though this option introduces a Node.js dependency, it does allow for easy version pinning and distribution in environments that already have this prerequisite. This is, however, entirely optional and nothing prevents you from ignoring this possibility.
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## Changelog
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@ -94,11 +93,11 @@ Please see the [CHANGELOG.md](./CHANGELOG.md) file.
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## Best practices
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As of `v1.0.3`, b3bp adds some nice re-usable libraries in `./src`. In order to make the snippets in `./src` more useful, we recommend these guidelines.
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As of `v1.0.3`, b3bp offers some nice re-usable libraries in `./src`. In order to make the snippets in `./src` more useful, we recommend the following guidelines.
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### Function packaging
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It's nice to have a Bash package that can be used in the terminal and also be invoked as a command line function. To achieve this the exporting of your functionality *should* follow this pattern:
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It is nice to have a Bash package that can not only be used in the terminal, but also invoked as a command line function. In order to achieve this, the exporting of your functionality *should* follow this pattern:
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```bash
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if [ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" != "${0}" ]; then
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@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ else
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fi
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```
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This allows a user to `source` your script or invoke as a script.
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This allows a user to `source` your script or invoke it as a script.
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```bash
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# Running as a script
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@ -123,23 +122,23 @@ $ my_script some more args --blah
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### Scoping
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1. In functions, use `local` before every variable declaration
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1. Use `UPPERCASE_VARS` to indicate environment variables that can be controlled outside your script
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1. Use `__double_underscore_prefixed_vars` to indicate global variables that are solely controlled inside your script, with the exception of arguments which are already prefixed with `arg_`, and functions, over which b3bp poses no restrictions.
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1. In functions, use `local` before every variable declaration.
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1. Use `UPPERCASE_VARS` to indicate environment variables that can be controlled outside your script.
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1. Use `__double_underscore_prefixed_vars` to indicate global variables that are solely controlled inside your script, with the exception of arguments that are already prefixed with `arg_`, as well as functions, over which b3bp poses no restrictions.
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### Coding style
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1. Use two spaces for tabs
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1. Use long options (`logger --priority` vs `logger -p`). If you're on cli, abbreviations make sense for efficiency. but when you're writing reusable scripts a few extra keystrokes will pay off in readability and avoid ventures into man pages in the future by you or your collaborators. Similarly, we prefer `set -o nounset` over `set -u`.
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1. Use a single equal sign when checking `if [ "${NAME}" = "Kevin" ]`, double or triple signs are not needed.
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1. Use two spaces for tabs.
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1. Use long options (`logger --priority` vs `logger -p`). If you are on cli, abbreviations make sense for efficiency. Nevertheless, when you are writing reusable scripts, a few extra keystrokes will pay off in readability and avoid ventures into man pages in the future, either by you or your collaborators. Similarly, we prefer `set -o nounset` over `set -u`.
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1. Use a single equal sign when checking `if [ "${NAME}" = "Kevin" ]`; double or triple signs are not needed.
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### Safety and Portability
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1. Use `{}` to enclose your variables in. Otherwise Bash will try to access the `$ENVIRONMENT_app` variable in `/srv/$ENVIRONMENT_app`, whereas you probably intended `/srv/${ENVIRONMENT}_app`. Since it's easy to miss cases like this, we recommend making enclosing a habit.
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1. Use `set` rather than relying on a shebang like `#!/usr/bin/env bash -e` as that is neutralized when someone runs your script as `bash yourscript.sh`
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1. Use `#!/usr/bin/env bash` as it is more portable than `#!/bin/bash`.
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1. Use `${BASH_SOURCE[0]}` if you refer to current file even if it is sourced by a parent script. Otherwise use `${0}`
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1. Use `:-` if you want to test variables that could be undeclared. For instance with `if [ "${NAME:-}" = "Kevin" ]`, `$NAME` will evaluate to `Kevin` if the variable is empty. The variable itself will remain unchanged. The syntax to assign a default value is `${NAME:=Kevin}`.
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1. Use `{}` to enclose your variables. Otherwise, Bash will try to access the `$ENVIRONMENT_app` variable in `/srv/$ENVIRONMENT_app`, whereas you probably intended `/srv/${ENVIRONMENT}_app`. Since it is easy to miss cases like this, we recommend to make enclosing a habit.
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1. Use `set`, rather than relying on a shebang like `#!/usr/bin/env bash -e`, since that is neutralized when someone runs your script as `bash yourscript.sh`.
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1. Use `#!/usr/bin/env bash`, as it is more portable than `#!/bin/bash`.
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1. Use `${BASH_SOURCE[0]}` if you refer to current file, even if it is sourced by a parent script. In other cases, use `${0}`.
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1. Use `:-` if you want to test variables that could be undeclared. For instance, with `if [ "${NAME:-}" = "Kevin" ]`, `$NAME` will evaluate to `Kevin` if the variable is empty. The variable itself will remain unchanged. The syntax to assign a default value is `${NAME:=Kevin}`.
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## Frequently Asked Questions
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@ -163,4 +162,4 @@ Please see the [FAQ.md](./FAQ.md) file.
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Copyright (c) 2013 Kevin van Zonneveld and [contributors](https://github.com/kvz/bash3boilerplate#authors).
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Licensed under [MIT](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kvz/bash3boilerplate/master/LICENSE).
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You are not obligated to bundle the LICENSE file with your b3bp projects as long
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as you leave these references intact in header comments of your source files.
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as you leave these references intact in the header comments of your source files.
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