bash3boilerplate/README.md

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[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/kvz/bash3boilerplate.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/kvz/bash3boilerplate)
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[This document is formatted with GitHub-Flavored Markdown. ]:#
[For better viewing, including hyperlinks, read it online at ]:#
[https://github.com/kvz/bash3boilerplate/blob/master/README.md]:#
* [Overview](#overview)
* [Goals](#goals)
* [Features](#features)
* [Installation](#installation)
* [Changelog](#changelog)
* [Best Practices](#best-practices)
* [Frequently Asked Questions](#frequently-asked-questions)
* [Authors](#authors)
* [License](#license)
## Overview
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When hacking up Bash scripts, there are often higher level things like logging,
configuration, command-line argument parsing that:
- You need every time
- Come with a number of pitfalls to avoid
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- Keep you from your actual work
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Here's an attempt to bundle those things in a generalized way so that
they are reusable as-is in most scripts.
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## Goals
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Delete-Key-**Friendly**. We propose using [`main.sh`](https://github.com/kvz/bash3boilerplate/blob/master/main.sh)
as a base and removing the parts you don't need, rather than introducing packages, includes, compilers, etc.
This may feel a bit archaic at first, but that is exactly the strength of Bash scripts that we want to embrace.
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**Portable**. We're targeting Bash 3 (OSX still ships
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with 3 for instance). If you're going to ask people to install
Bash 4 first, you might as well pick a more advanced language as a
dependency.
We're automatically testing BASH3 Boilerplate and it's proven to work on:
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- [Linux](https://travis-ci.org/kvz/bash3boilerplate/jobs/109804166#L91) `GNU bash, version 4.2.25(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)`
- [OSX](https://travis-ci.org/kvz/bash3boilerplate/jobs/109804167#L2453) `GNU bash, version 3.2.51(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin13)`
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## Features
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- Conventions so that after a while, all your scripts will follow the same, battle-tested structure
- Safe by default (break on error, pipefail, etc)
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- Configuration by environment variables
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- Simple command-line argument parsing that requires no external dependencies. Definitions are parsed from help info,
so there is no duplication
- Helpful magic variables like `__file`, `__dir`, and `__os`
- Logging that supports colors and is compatible with [Syslog Severity levels](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syslog#Severity_levels) as well as the [twelve-factor](http://12factor.net/) guidelines
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## Installation
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There are 3 different ways you can install b3bp:
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### option 1: Download the main template
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Use curl or wget to download the source, save as your script, and start deleting the unwanted bits, and adding your own logic.
```bash
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kvz/bash3boilerplate/master/main.sh
vim main.sh
```
### option 2: Clone the entire project
Besides `main.sh`, this will get you the entire b3bp repository including a few extra functions that we keep in the `./src` directory.
```bash
git clone git@github.com:kvz/bash3boilerplate.git
```
### option 3: Require via npm
As of `v1.0.3`, b3bp can also be installed as a node module so you define it as a dependency in `package.json` via:
```bash
npm init && npm install --save --save-exact bash3boilerplate
```
Although this last option introduces a Node.js dependency, this does allow for easy version pinning and distribution in environments that already have this prerequisite. But this is optional and nothing prevents you from just using `curl` and keep your project or build system low on external dependencies.
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## Changelog
Please see the [CHANGELOG.md](./CHANGELOG.md) file.
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## Best practices
As of `v1.0.3`, b3bp adds some nice re-usable libraries in `./src`. Later on we'll be using snippets inside this directory to build custom packages. In order to make the snippets in `./src` more useful, we recommend these guidelines.
### Library exports
It's nice to have a bash package that can be used in the terminal and also be invoked as a command line function. To achieve this the exporting of your functionality *should* follow this pattern:
```bash
if [ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" != ${0} ]; then
export -f my_script
else
my_script "${@}"
exit $?
fi
```
This allows a user to `source` your script or invoke as a script.
```bash
# Running as a script
$ ./my_script.sh some args --blah
# Sourcing the script
$ source my_script.sh
$ my_script some more args --blah
```
(taken from the [bpkg](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bpkg/bpkg/master/README.md) project)
### Miscellaneous
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- In functions, use `local` before every variable declaration
- This project settles on two spaces for tabs
- Use `UPPERCASE_VARS` to indicate environment variables that can be controlled outside your script
- Use `__double_underscore_prefixed_vars` to indicate global variables that are solely controlled inside your script, with the exception of arguments wich are already prefixed with `arg_`, and functions, over which b3bp poses no restrictions.
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## Frequently Asked Questions
Please see the [FAQ.md](./FAQ.md) file.
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## Authors
- [Kevin van Zonneveld](http://kvz.io)
- [Izaak Beekman](https://izaakbeekman.com/)
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- [Alexander Rathai](mailto:<Alexander.Rathai@gmail.com>)
- [Dr. Damian Rouson](http://www.sourceryinstitute.org/) (documentation, feedback)
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- [@jokajak](https://github.com/jokajak) (documentation)
- [Gabriel A. Devenyi](http://staticwave.ca/) (feedback)
- [@bravo-kernel](https://github.com/bravo-kernel) (feedback)
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## License
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Copyright (c) 2013 Kevin van Zonneveld and [contributors](https://github.com/kvz/bash3boilerplate#authors).
Licensed under [MIT](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kvz/bash3boilerplate/master/LICENSE).
You are not obligated to bundle the LICENSE file with your b3bp projects as long
as you leave these references intact.