# balena CLI Documentation The balena CLI is a Command Line Interface for [balenaCloud](https://www.balena.io/cloud/) or [openBalena](https://www.balena.io/open/). It is a software tool available for Windows, macOS and Linux, used through a command prompt / terminal window. It can be used interactively or invoked in scripts. The balena CLI builds on the [balena API](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/api/overview/) and the [balena SDK](https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/sdk/node-sdk/), and can also be directly imported in Node.js applications. The balena CLI is an [open-source project on GitHub](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/), and your contribution is also welcome! ## Installation Check the [balena CLI installation instructions on GitHub](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/INSTALL.md). ## Choosing a shell (command prompt/terminal) On **Windows,** the standard Command Prompt (`cmd.exe`) and [PowerShell](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/getting-started/getting-started-with-windows-powershell?view=powershell-6) are supported. Alternative shells include: * [MSYS2](https://www.msys2.org/): * Install additional packages with the command: `pacman -S git gcc make openssh p7zip` * [Set a Windows environment variable](https://www.onmsft.com/how-to/how-to-set-an-environment-variable-in-windows-10): `MSYS2_PATH_TYPE=inherit` * Note that a bug in the MSYS2 launch script (`msys2_shell.cmd`) makes text-based interactive CLI menus to break. [Check this Github issue for a workaround](https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/1633#issuecomment-240583890). * [MSYS](http://www.mingw.org/wiki/MSYS) * [Git for Windows](https://git-for-windows.github.io/) * During the installation, you will be prompted to choose between _"Use MinTTY"_ and _"Use Windows' default console window"._ Choose the latter, because of the same [MSYS2 bug](https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/1633) mentioned above (Git for Windows actually uses MSYS2). For a screenshot, check this [comment](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/issues/598#issuecomment-556513098). * Microsoft's [Windows Subsystem for Linux](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about) (WSL). In this case, a Linux distribution like Ubuntu is installed via the Microsoft Store, and a balena CLI release **for Linux** should be selected. See [FAQ](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/TROUBLESHOOTING.md) for using the balena CLI with WSL and Docker Desktop for Windows. On **macOS** and **Linux,** the standard terminal window is supported. Optionally, `bash` command auto completion may be enabled by copying the [balena_comp](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/completion/balena-completion.bash) file to your system's `bash_completion` directory: check [Docker's command completion guide](https://docs.docker.com/compose/completion/) for system setup instructions. ## Logging in Several CLI commands require access to your balenaCloud account, for example in order to push a new release to your fleet. Those commands require creating a CLI login session by running: ```sh $ balena login ``` ## Proxy support HTTP(S) proxies can be configured through any of the following methods, in precedence order (from higher to lower): * The `BALENARC_PROXY` environment variable in URL format, with protocol (`http` or `https`), host, port and optionally basic auth. Examples: * `export BALENARC_PROXY='https://bob:secret@proxy.company.com:12345'` * `export BALENARC_PROXY='http://localhost:8000'` * The `proxy` setting in the [CLI config file](https://www.npmjs.com/package/balena-settings-client#documentation). It may be: * A string in URL format, e.g. `proxy: 'http://localhost:8000'` * An object in the format: ```yaml proxy: protocol: 'http' host: 'proxy.company.com' port: 12345 proxyAuth: 'bob:secret' ``` * The `HTTPS_PROXY` and/or `HTTP_PROXY` environment variables, in the same URL format as `BALENARC_PROXY`. ### Proxy setup for balena ssh In order to work behind a proxy server, the `balena ssh` command requires the [`proxytunnel`](http://proxytunnel.sourceforge.net/) package (command-line tool) to be installed. `proxytunnel` is available for Linux distributions like Ubuntu/Debian (`apt install proxytunnel`), and for macOS through [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/). Windows support is limited to the [Windows Subsystem for Linux](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about) (e.g., by installing Ubuntu through the Microsoft App Store). Ensure that the proxy server is configured to allow proxy requests to ssh port 22, using SSL encryption. For example, in the case of the [Squid](http://www.squid-cache.org/) proxy server, it should be configured with the following rules in the `squid.conf` file: `acl SSL_ports port 22` `acl Safe_ports port 22` ### Proxy exclusion The `BALENARC_NO_PROXY` variable may be used to exclude specified destinations from proxying. > * This feature requires CLI version 11.30.8 or later. In the case of the npm [installation > option](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/INSTALL.md), it also requires > Node.js version 10.16.0 or later. > * To exclude a `balena ssh` target from proxying (IP address or `.local` hostname), the > `--noproxy` option should be specified in addition to the `BALENARC_NO_PROXY` variable. By default (if `BALENARC_NO_PROXY` is not defined), all [private IPv4 addresses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network) and `'*.local'` hostnames are excluded from proxying. Other hostnames that resolve to private IPv4 addresses are **not** excluded by default, because matching takes place before name resolution. `localhost` and `127.0.0.1` are always excluded from proxying, regardless of the value of BALENARC_NO_PROXY. The format of the `BALENARC_NO_PROXY` environment variable is a comma-separated list of patterns that are matched against hostnames or IP addresses. For example: ``` export BALENARC_NO_PROXY='*.local,dev*.mycompany.com,192.168.*' ``` Matched patterns are excluded from proxying. Wildcard expressions are documented at [matcher](https://www.npmjs.com/package/matcher#usage). Matching takes place _before_ name resolution, so a pattern like `'192.168.*'` will **not** match a hostname that resolves to an IP address like `192.168.1.2`. ## Support, FAQ and troubleshooting To learn more, troubleshoot issues, or to contact us for support: * Check the [masterclass tutorials](https://www.balena.io/docs/learn/more/masterclasses/overview/) * Check our [FAQ / troubleshooting document](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/TROUBLESHOOTING.md) * Ask us a question through the [balenaCloud forum](https://forums.balena.io/c/balena-cloud) For CLI bug reports or feature requests, check the [CLI GitHub issues](https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/issues/). ## Deprecation policy The balena CLI uses [semver versioning](https://semver.org/), with the concepts of major, minor and patch version releases. The latest release of a major version of the balena CLI will remain compatible with the balenaCloud backend services for at least one year from the date when the following major version is released. For example, balena CLI v11.36.0, as the latest v11 release, would remain compatible with the balenaCloud backend for one year from the date when v12.0.0 was released. Half way through to that period (6 months after the release of the next major version), older major versions of the balena CLI will start printing a deprecation warning message when it is used interactively (when `stderr` is attached to a TTY device file). At the end of that period, older major versions will exit with an error message unless the `--unsupported` flag is used. This behavior was introduced in CLI version 12.47.0 and is also documented by `balena help`. To take advantage of the latest backend features and ensure compatibility, users are encouraged to regularly update the balena CLI to the latest version. # CLI Command Reference - API keys - [api-key generate <name>](#api-key-generate-name) - Fleet - [apps](#apps) - [fleets](#fleets) - [app <fleet>](#app-fleet) - [fleet <fleet>](#fleet-fleet) - [app create <name>](#app-create-name) - [fleet create <name>](#fleet-create-name) - [app purge <fleet>](#app-purge-fleet) - [fleet purge <fleet>](#fleet-purge-fleet) - [app rename <fleet> [newname]](#app-rename-fleet-newname) - [fleet rename <fleet> [newname]](#fleet-rename-fleet-newname) - [app restart <fleet>](#app-restart-fleet) - [fleet restart <fleet>](#fleet-restart-fleet) - [app rm <fleet>](#app-rm-fleet) - [fleet rm <fleet>](#fleet-rm-fleet) - Authentication - [login](#login) - [logout](#logout) - [whoami](#whoami) - Device - [devices](#devices) - [devices supported](#devices-supported) - [device <uuid>](#device-uuid) - [device deactivate <uuid>](#device-deactivate-uuid) - [device identify <uuid>](#device-identify-uuid) - [device init](#device-init) - [device local-mode <uuid>](#device-local-mode-uuid) - [device move <uuid(s)>](#device-move-uuid-s) - [device os-update <uuid>](#device-os-update-uuid) - [device public-url <uuid>](#device-public-url-uuid) - [device purge <uuid>](#device-purge-uuid) - [device reboot <uuid>](#device-reboot-uuid) - [device register <fleet>](#device-register-fleet) - [device rename <uuid> [newname]](#device-rename-uuid-newname) - [device restart <uuid>](#device-restart-uuid) - [device rm <uuid(s)>](#device-rm-uuid-s) - [device shutdown <uuid>](#device-shutdown-uuid) - Environment Variables - [envs](#envs) - [env rm <id>](#env-rm-id) - [env add <name> [value]](#env-add-name-value) - [env rename <id> <value>](#env-rename-id-value) - Tags - [tags](#tags) - [tag rm <tagkey>](#tag-rm-tagkey) - [tag set <tagkey> [value]](#tag-set-tagkey-value) - Help and Version - [help [command]](#help-command) - [version](#version) - Keys - [keys](#keys) - [key <id>](#key-id) - [key add <name> [path]](#key-add-name-path) - [key rm <id>](#key-rm-id) - Logs - [logs <device>](#logs-device) - Network - [scan](#scan) - [ssh <fleetordevice> [service]](#ssh-fleetordevice-service) - [tunnel <deviceorfleet>](#tunnel-deviceorfleet) - Notes - [note <|note>](#note-note) - OS - [os versions <type>](#os-versions-type) - [os download <type>](#os-download-type) - [os build-config <image> <device-type>](#os-build-config-image-device-type) - [os configure <image>](#os-configure-image) - [os initialize <image>](#os-initialize-image) - Config - [config generate](#config-generate) - [config inject <file>](#config-inject-file) - [config read](#config-read) - [config reconfigure](#config-reconfigure) - [config write <key> <value>](#config-write-key-value) - Preload - [preload <image>](#preload-image) - Push - [push <fleetordevice>](#push-fleetordevice) - Settings - [settings](#settings) - Local - [local configure <target>](#local-configure-target) - [local flash <image>](#local-flash-image) - Deploy - [build [source]](#build-source) - [deploy <fleet> [image]](#deploy-fleet-image) - Platform - [join [deviceiporhostname]](#join-deviceiporhostname) - [leave [deviceiporhostname]](#leave-deviceiporhostname) - Utilities - [util available-drives](#util-available-drives) - Support - [support <action>](#support-action) # API keys ## api-key generate <name> Generate a new balenaCloud API key for the current user, with the given name. The key will be logged to the console. This key can be used to log into the CLI using 'balena login --token ', or to authenticate requests to the API with an 'Authorization: Bearer ' header. Examples: $ balena api-key generate "Jenkins Key" ### Arguments #### NAME the API key name ### Options # Fleet ## apps Renaming notice: The 'apps' command was renamed to 'fleets', and 'apps' is now an alias. THE ALIAS WILL BE REMOVED in the next major version of the balena CLI (so that a different 'apps' command can be implemented in the future). Use 'fleets' instead of 'apps' to avoid this warning. Find out more at: https://git.io/JRuZr For command usage, see 'balena help fleets' ### Options #### -v, --verbose No-op since release v12.0.0 ## fleets List all your balena fleets. For detailed information on a particular fleet, use `balena fleet ` Examples: $ balena fleets ### Options #### -v, --verbose No-op since release v12.0.0 ## app <fleet> Renaming notice: The 'app' command was renamed to 'fleet', and 'app' is now an alias. THE ALIAS WILL BE REMOVED in the next major version of the balena CLI (so that a different 'app' command can be implemented in the future). Use 'fleet' instead of 'app' to avoid this warning. Find out more at: https://git.io/JRuZr For command usage, see 'balena help fleet' ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) ### Options ## fleet <fleet> Display detailed information about a single fleet. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena fleet MyFleet $ balena fleet myorg/myfleet ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) ### Options ## app create <name> Renaming notice: The 'app' command was renamed to 'fleet', and 'app' is now an alias. THE ALIAS WILL BE REMOVED in the next major version of the balena CLI (so that a different 'app' command can be implemented in the future). Use 'fleet' instead of 'app' to avoid this warning. Find out more at: https://git.io/JRuZr For command usage, see 'balena help fleet create' ### Arguments #### NAME fleet name ### Options #### -o, --organization ORGANIZATION handle of the organization the fleet should belong to #### -t, --type TYPE fleet device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`) ## fleet create <name> Create a new balena fleet. You can specify the organization the fleet should belong to using the `--organization` option. The organization's handle, not its name, should be provided. Organization handles can be listed with the `balena orgs` command. The fleet's default device type is specified with the `--type` option. The `balena devices supported` command can be used to list the available device types. Interactive dropdowns will be shown for selection if no device type or organization is specified and there are multiple options to choose from. If there is a single option to choose from, it will be chosen automatically. This interactive behavior can be disabled by explicitly specifying a device type and organization. Examples: $ balena fleet create MyFleet $ balena fleet create MyFleet --organization mmyorg $ balena fleet create MyFleet -o myorg --type raspberry-pi ### Arguments #### NAME fleet name ### Options #### -o, --organization ORGANIZATION handle of the organization the fleet should belong to #### -t, --type TYPE fleet device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`) ## app purge <fleet> Renaming notice: The 'app' command was renamed to 'fleet', and 'app' is now an alias. THE ALIAS WILL BE REMOVED in the next major version of the balena CLI (so that a different 'app' command can be implemented in the future). Use 'fleet' instead of 'app' to avoid this warning. Find out more at: https://git.io/JRuZr For command usage, see 'balena help fleet purge' ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) ### Options ## fleet purge <fleet> Purge data from all devices belonging to a fleet. This will clear the fleet's '/data' directory. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena fleet purge MyFleet $ balena fleet purge myorg/myfleet ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) ### Options ## app rename <fleet> [newName] Renaming notice: The 'app' command was renamed to 'fleet', and 'app' is now an alias. THE ALIAS WILL BE REMOVED in the next major version of the balena CLI (so that a different 'app' command can be implemented in the future). Use 'fleet' instead of 'app' to avoid this warning. Find out more at: https://git.io/JRuZr For command usage, see 'balena help fleet rename' ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) #### NEWNAME the new name for the fleet ### Options ## fleet rename <fleet> [newName] Rename a fleet. Note, if the `newName` parameter is omitted, it will be prompted for interactively. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena fleet rename OldName $ balena fleet rename OldName NewName $ balena fleet rename myorg/oldname NewName ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) #### NEWNAME the new name for the fleet ### Options ## app restart <fleet> Renaming notice: The 'app' command was renamed to 'fleet', and 'app' is now an alias. THE ALIAS WILL BE REMOVED in the next major version of the balena CLI (so that a different 'app' command can be implemented in the future). Use 'fleet' instead of 'app' to avoid this warning. Find out more at: https://git.io/JRuZr For command usage, see 'balena help fleet restart' ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) ### Options ## fleet restart <fleet> Restart all devices belonging to a fleet. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena fleet restart MyFleet $ balena fleet restart myorg/myfleet ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) ### Options ## app rm <fleet> Renaming notice: The 'app' command was renamed to 'fleet', and 'app' is now an alias. THE ALIAS WILL BE REMOVED in the next major version of the balena CLI (so that a different 'app' command can be implemented in the future). Use 'fleet' instead of 'app' to avoid this warning. Find out more at: https://git.io/JRuZr For command usage, see 'balena help fleet rm' ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) ### Options #### -y, --yes answer "yes" to all questions (non interactive use) ## fleet rm <fleet> Permanently remove a fleet. The --yes option may be used to avoid interactive confirmation. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena fleet rm MyFleet $ balena fleet rm MyFleet --yes $ balena fleet rm myorg/myfleet ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) ### Options #### -y, --yes answer "yes" to all questions (non interactive use) # Authentication ## login Login to your balena account. This command will prompt you to login using the following login types: - Web authorization: open your web browser and prompt to authorize the CLI from the dashboard. - Credentials: using email/password and 2FA. - Token: using a session token or API key from the preferences page. Examples: $ balena login $ balena login --web $ balena login --token "..." $ balena login --credentials $ balena login --credentials --email johndoe@gmail.com --password secret ### Arguments #### TOKEN ### Options #### -w, --web web-based login #### -t, --token session token or API key #### -c, --credentials credential-based login #### -e, --email EMAIL email #### -u, --user USER #### -p, --password PASSWORD password #### -P, --port PORT TCP port number of local HTTP login server (--web auth only) ## logout Logout from your balena account. Examples: $ balena logout ## whoami Get the username and email address of the currently logged in user. Examples: $ balena whoami # Device ## devices List all of your devices. Devices can be filtered by fleet with the `--fleet` option. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. The --json option is recommended when scripting the output of this command, because field names are less likely to change in JSON format and because it better represents data types like arrays, empty strings and null values. The 'jq' utility may be helpful for querying JSON fields in shell scripts (https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/). Examples: $ balena devices $ balena devices --fleet MyFleet $ balena devices -f myorg/myfleet ### Options #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### --app APP DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -j, --json produce JSON output instead of tabular output #### --v13 enable selected balena CLI v13 pre-release features, like the renaming from "application" to "fleet" in command output ## devices supported List the supported device types (like 'raspberrypi3' or 'intel-nuc'). The --verbose option may add extra columns/fields to the output. Currently this includes the "STATE" column which is DEPRECATED and whose values are one of 'new', 'released' or 'discontinued'. However, 'discontinued' device types are only listed if the '--discontinued' option is also used, and this option is also DEPRECATED. The --json option is recommended when scripting the output of this command, because the JSON format is less likely to change and it better represents data types like lists and empty strings (for example, the ALIASES column contains a list of zero or more values). The 'jq' utility may be helpful in shell scripts (https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/). Examples: $ balena devices supported $ balena devices supported --verbose $ balena devices supported -vj ### Options #### --discontinued include "discontinued" device types (DEPRECATED) #### -j, --json produce JSON output instead of tabular output #### -v, --verbose add extra columns in the tabular output (DEPRECATED) ## device <uuid> Show information about a single device. Examples: $ balena device 7cf02a6 ### Arguments #### UUID the device uuid ### Options #### --v13 enable selected balena CLI v13 pre-release features, like the renaming from "application" to "fleet" in command output ## device deactivate <uuid> Deactivate a device. Note this command asks for confirmation interactively. You can avoid this by passing the `--yes` option. Examples: $ balena device deactivate 7cf02a6 $ balena device deactivate 7cf02a6 --yes ### Arguments #### UUID the UUID of the device to be deactivated ### Options #### -y, --yes answer "yes" to all questions (non interactive use) ## device identify <uuid> Identify a device by making the ACT LED blink (Raspberry Pi). Examples: $ balena device identify 23c73a1 ### Arguments #### UUID the uuid of the device to identify ### Options ## device init Initialize a device by downloading the OS image of the specified fleet and writing it to an SD Card. If the --fleet option is omitted, it will be prompted for interactively. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena device init $ balena device init --fleet MyFleet $ balena device init -f myorg/myfleet ### Options #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### --app APP DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -y, --yes answer "yes" to all questions (non interactive use) #### -v, --advanced show advanced configuration options #### --os-version OS-VERSION exact version number, or a valid semver range, or 'latest' (includes pre-releases), or 'default' (excludes pre-releases if at least one stable version is available), or 'recommended' (excludes pre-releases, will fail if only pre-release versions are available), or 'menu' (will show the interactive menu) #### -d, --drive DRIVE the drive to write the image to, eg. `/dev/sdb` or `/dev/mmcblk0`. Careful with this as you can erase your hard drive. Check `balena util available-drives` for available options. #### --config CONFIG path to the config JSON file, see `balena os build-config` ## device local-mode <uuid> Output current local mode status, or enable/disable local mode for specified device. Examples: $ balena device local-mode 23c73a1 $ balena device local-mode 23c73a1 --enable $ balena device local-mode 23c73a1 --disable $ balena device local-mode 23c73a1 --status ### Arguments #### UUID the uuid of the device to manage ### Options #### --enable enable local mode #### --disable disable local mode #### --status output boolean indicating local mode status ## device move <uuid(s)> Move one or more devices to another fleet. If --fleet is omitted, the fleet will be prompted for interactively. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena device move 7cf02a6 $ balena device move 7cf02a6,dc39e52 $ balena device move 7cf02a6 --fleet MyNewFleet $ balena device move 7cf02a6 -f myorg/mynewfleet ### Arguments #### UUID comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of device UUIDs to be moved ### Options #### --app APP DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID ## device os-update <uuid> Start a Host OS update for a device. Note this command will ask for confirmation interactively. This can be avoided by passing the `--yes` option. Requires balenaCloud; will not work with openBalena or standalone balenaOS. Examples: $ balena device os-update 23c73a1 $ balena device os-update 23c73a1 --version 2.31.0+rev1.prod ### Arguments #### UUID the uuid of the device to update ### Options #### --version VERSION a balenaOS version #### -y, --yes answer "yes" to all questions (non interactive use) ## device public-url <uuid> This command will output the current public URL for the specified device. It can also enable or disable the URL, or output the enabled status, using the respective options. The old command style 'balena device public-url enable ' is deprecated, but still supported. Examples: $ balena device public-url 23c73a1 $ balena device public-url 23c73a1 --enable $ balena device public-url 23c73a1 --disable $ balena device public-url 23c73a1 --status ### Arguments #### UUID the uuid of the device to manage #### LEGACYUUID ### Options #### --enable enable the public URL #### --disable disable the public URL #### --status determine if public URL is enabled ## device purge <uuid> Purge data from a device. This will clear the device's "/data" directory. Multiple devices may be specified with a comma-separated list of values (no spaces). Examples: $ balena device purge 23c73a1 $ balena device purge 55d43b3,23c73a1 ### Arguments #### UUID comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of device UUIDs ### Options ## device reboot <uuid> Remotely reboot a device. Examples: $ balena device reboot 23c73a1 ### Arguments #### UUID the uuid of the device to reboot ### Options #### -f, --force force action if the update lock is set ## device register <fleet> Register a new device with a balena fleet. If --uuid is not provided, a new UUID will be automatically assigned. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena device register MyFleet $ balena device register MyFleet --uuid $ balena device register myorg/myfleet --uuid ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) ### Options #### -u, --uuid UUID custom uuid ## device rename <uuid> [newName] Rename a device. Note, if the name is omitted, it will be prompted for interactively. Examples: $ balena device rename 7cf02a6 $ balena device rename 7cf02a6 MyPi ### Arguments #### UUID the uuid of the device to rename #### NEWNAME the new name for the device ### Options ## device restart <uuid> Restart containers on a device. If the --service flag is provided, then only those services' containers will be restarted, otherwise all containers on the device will be restarted. Multiple devices and services may be specified with a comma-separated list of values (no spaces). Note this does not reboot the device, to do so use instead `balena device reboot`. Examples: $ balena device restart 23c73a1 $ balena device restart 55d43b3,23c73a1 $ balena device restart 23c73a1 --service myService $ balena device restart 23c73a1 -s myService1,myService2 ### Arguments #### UUID comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of device UUIDs to restart ### Options #### -s, --service SERVICE comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of service names to restart ## device rm <uuid(s)> Remove one or more devices from balena. Note this command asks for confirmation interactively. You can avoid this by passing the `--yes` option. Examples: $ balena device rm 7cf02a6 $ balena device rm 7cf02a6,dc39e52 $ balena device rm 7cf02a6 --yes ### Arguments #### UUID comma-separated list (no blank spaces) of device UUIDs to be removed ### Options #### -y, --yes answer "yes" to all questions (non interactive use) ## device shutdown <uuid> Remotely shutdown a device. Examples: $ balena device shutdown 23c73a1 ### Arguments #### UUID the uuid of the device to shutdown ### Options #### -f, --force force action if the update lock is set # Environment Variables ## envs List the environment or configuration variables of a fleet, device or service, as selected by the respective command-line options. (A service corresponds to a Docker image/container in a microservices fleet.) The results include fleet-wide (multiple devices), device-specific (multiple services on a specific device) and service-specific variables that apply to the selected fleet, device or service. It can be thought of as including inherited variables; for example, a service inherits device-wide variables, and a device inherits fleet-wide variables. The printed output may include DEVICE and/or SERVICE columns to distinguish between fleet-wide, device-specific and service-specific variables. An asterisk in these columns indicates that the variable applies to "all devices" or "all services". The --config option is used to list "configuration variables" that control balena platform features, as opposed to custom environment variables defined by the user. The --config and the --service options are mutually exclusive because configuration variables cannot be set for specific services. The --json option is recommended when scripting the output of this command, because the JSON format is less likely to change and it better represents data types like lists and empty strings. The 'jq' utility may be helpful in shell scripts (https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/). When --json is used, an empty JSON array ([]) is printed instead of an error message when no variables exist for the given query. When querying variables for a device, note that the fleet name may be null in JSON output (or 'N/A' in tabular output) if the fleet that the device belonged to is no longer accessible by the current user (for example, in case the current user was removed from the fleet by the fleet's owner). Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Renaming notice: The 'app' or 'application' words in table headers or in JSON object keys/properties will be replaced with 'fleet' in the next major version of the CLI (v13). The --v13 option may be used to enable the new names already now, and suppress a warning message. (The --v13 option will be silently ignored in CLI v13.) Find out more at: https://git.io/JRuZr Examples: $ balena envs --fleet myorg/myfleet $ balena envs --fleet MyFleet --json $ balena envs --fleet MyFleet --service MyService $ balena envs --fleet MyFleet --service MyService $ balena envs --fleet MyFleet --config $ balena envs --device 7cf02a6 $ balena envs --device 7cf02a6 --json $ balena envs --device 7cf02a6 --config --json $ balena envs --device 7cf02a6 --service MyService ### Options #### --all No-op since balena CLI v12.0.0. #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -c, --config show configuration variables only #### -d, --device DEVICE device UUID #### -j, --json produce JSON output instead of tabular output #### -v, --verbose produce verbose output #### -s, --service SERVICE service name #### --v13 enable selected balena CLI v13 pre-release features, like the renaming from "application" to "fleet" in command output ## env rm <id> Remove a configuration or environment variable from a fleet, device or service, as selected by command-line options. Variables are selected by their database ID (as reported by the 'balena envs' command) and one of six database "resource types": - fleet environment variable - fleet configuration variable (--config) - fleet service variable (--service) - device environment variable (--device) - device configuration variable (--device --config) - device service variable (--device --service) The --device option selects a device-specific variable instead of a fleet variable. The --config option selects a configuration variable. Configuration variable names typically start with the 'BALENA_' or 'RESIN_' prefixes and are used to configure balena platform features. The --service option selects a service variable, which is an environment variable that applies to a specifc service (container) in a microservices (multicontainer) fleet. The --service and --config options cannot be used together, but they can be used alongside the --device option to select a device-specific service or configuration variable. Interactive confirmation is normally asked before the variable is deleted. The --yes option disables this behavior. Examples: $ balena env rm 123123 $ balena env rm 234234 --yes $ balena env rm 345345 --config $ balena env rm 456456 --service $ balena env rm 567567 --device $ balena env rm 678678 --device --config $ balena env rm 789789 --device --service --yes ### Arguments #### ID variable's numeric database ID ### Options #### -c, --config select a configuration variable (may be used together with the --device option) #### -d, --device select a device-specific variable instead of a fleet variable #### -s, --service select a service variable (may be used together with the --device option) #### -y, --yes do not prompt for confirmation before deleting the variable ## env add <name> [value] Add an environment or config variable to one or more fleets, devices or services, as selected by the respective command-line options. Either the --fleet or the --device option must be provided, and either may be be used alongside the --service option to define a service-specific variable. (A service corresponds to a Docker image/container in a microservices fleet.) When the --service option is used in conjunction with the --device option, the service variable applies to the selected device only. Otherwise, it applies to all devices of the selected fleet. If the --service option is omitted, the variable applies to all services. If VALUE is omitted, the CLI will attempt to use the value of the environment variable of same name in the CLI process' environment. In this case, a warning message will be printed. Use `--quiet` to suppress it. 'BALENA_' or 'RESIN_' are reserved variable name prefixes used to identify "configuration variables". Configuration variables control balena platform features and are treated specially by balenaOS and the balena supervisor running on devices. They are also stored differently in the balenaCloud API database. Configuration variables cannot be set for specific services, therefore the --service option cannot be used when the variable name starts with a reserved prefix. When defining custom fleet variables, please avoid these reserved prefixes. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena env add TERM --fleet MyFleet $ balena env add EDITOR vim -f myorg/myfleet $ balena env add EDITOR vim --fleet MyFleet,MyFleet2 $ balena env add EDITOR vim --fleet MyFleet --service MyService $ balena env add EDITOR vim --fleet MyFleet,MyFleet2 --service MyService,MyService2 $ balena env add EDITOR vim --device 7cf02a6 $ balena env add EDITOR vim --device 7cf02a6,d6f1433 $ balena env add EDITOR vim --device 7cf02a6 --service MyService $ balena env add EDITOR vim --device 7cf02a6,d6f1433 --service MyService,MyService2 ### Arguments #### NAME environment or config variable name #### VALUE variable value; if omitted, use value from this process' environment ### Options #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -d, --device DEVICE device UUID #### -q, --quiet suppress warning messages #### -s, --service SERVICE service name ## env rename <id> <value> Change the value of a configuration or environment variable for a fleet, device or service, as selected by command-line options. Variables are selected by their database ID (as reported by the 'balena envs' command) and one of six database "resource types": - fleet environment variable - fleet configuration variable (--config) - fleet service variable (--service) - device environment variable (--device) - device configuration variable (--device --config) - device service variable (--device --service) The --device option selects a device-specific variable instead of a fleet variable. The --config option selects a configuration variable. Configuration variable names typically start with the 'BALENA_' or 'RESIN_' prefixes and are used to configure balena platform features. The --service option selects a service variable, which is an environment variable that applies to a specifc service (container) in a microservices (multicontainer) fleet. The --service and --config options cannot be used together, but they can be used alongside the --device option to select a device-specific service or configuration variable. Examples: $ balena env rename 123123 emacs $ balena env rename 234234 emacs --service $ balena env rename 345345 emacs --device $ balena env rename 456456 emacs --device --service $ balena env rename 567567 1 --config $ balena env rename 678678 1 --device --config ### Arguments #### ID variable's numeric database ID #### VALUE variable value; if omitted, use value from this process' environment ### Options #### -c, --config select a configuration variable (may be used together with the --device option) #### -d, --device select a device-specific variable instead of a fleet variable #### -s, --service select a service variable (may be used together with the --device option) # Tags ## tags List all tags and their values for the specified fleet, device or release. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena tags --fleet MyFleet $ balena tags -f myorg/myfleet $ balena tags --device 7cf02a6 $ balena tags --release 1234 $ balena tags --release b376b0e544e9429483b656490e5b9443b4349bd6 ### Options #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### --app APP DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -d, --device DEVICE device UUID #### -r, --release RELEASE release id ## tag rm <tagKey> Remove a tag from a fleet, device or release. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena tag rm myTagKey --fleet MyFleet $ balena tag rm myTagKey -f myorg/myfleet $ balena tag rm myTagKey --device 7cf02a6 $ balena tag rm myTagKey --release 1234 $ balena tag rm myTagKey --release b376b0e544e9429483b656490e5b9443b4349bd6 ### Arguments #### TAGKEY the key string of the tag ### Options #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### --app APP DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -d, --device DEVICE device UUID #### -r, --release RELEASE release id ## tag set <tagKey> [value] Set a tag on a fleet, device or release. You can optionally provide a value to be associated with the created tag, as an extra argument after the tag key. If a value isn't provided, a tag with an empty value is created. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena tag set mySimpleTag --fleet MyFleet $ balena tag set mySimpleTag -f myorg/myfleet $ balena tag set myCompositeTag myTagValue --fleet MyFleet $ balena tag set myCompositeTag myTagValue --device 7cf02a6 $ balena tag set myCompositeTag "my tag value with whitespaces" --device 7cf02a6 $ balena tag set myCompositeTag myTagValue --release 1234 $ balena tag set myCompositeTag --release 1234 $ balena tag set myCompositeTag --release b376b0e544e9429483b656490e5b9443b4349bd6 ### Arguments #### TAGKEY the key string of the tag #### VALUE the optional value associated with the tag ### Options #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### --app APP DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -d, --device DEVICE device UUID #### -r, --release RELEASE release id # Help and Version ## help [command] List balena commands, or get detailed help for a specific command. Examples: $ balena help $ balena help login $ balena help os download ### Arguments #### COMMAND command to show help for ### Options #### --v, --verbose show additional commands ## version Display version information for the balena CLI and/or Node.js. Note that the balena CLI executable installers for Windows and macOS, and the standalone zip packages, ship with a built-in copy of Node.js. In this case, the reported version of Node.js regards this built-in copy, rather than any other `node` engine that may also be available on the command prompt. The --json option is recommended when scripting the output of this command, because the JSON format is less likely to change and it better represents data types like lists and empty strings. The 'jq' utility may be helpful in shell scripts (https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/). This command can also be invoked with 'balena --version' or 'balena -v'. Examples: $ balena version $ balena version -a $ balena version -j $ balena --version $ balena -v ### Options #### -a, --all include version information for additional components (Node.js) #### -j, --json output version information in JSON format for programmatic use # Keys ## keys List all SSH keys registered in balenaCloud for the logged in user. Examples: $ balena keys ### Options ## key <id> Display a single SSH key registered in balenaCloud for the logged in user. Examples: $ balena key 17 ### Arguments #### ID balenaCloud ID for the SSH key ### Options ## key add <name> [path] Add an SSH key to the balenaCloud account of the logged in user. If `path` is omitted, the command will attempt to read the SSH key from stdin. About SSH keys An "SSH key" actually consists of a public/private key pair. A typical name for the private key file is "id_rsa", and a typical name for the public key file is "id_rsa.pub". Both key files are saved to your computer (with the private key optionally protected by a password), but only the public key is saved to your balena account. This means that if you change computers or otherwise lose the private key, you cannot recover the private key through your balena account. You can however add new keys, and delete the old ones. To generate a new SSH key pair, a nice guide can be found in GitHub's docs: https://help.github.com/en/articles/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent Skip the step about adding the key to a GitHub account, and instead add it to your balena account. Examples: $ balena key add Main ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub $ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | balena key add Main # Windows 10 (cmd.exe prompt) example $ balena key add Main %userprofile%.sshid_rsa.pub ### Arguments #### NAME the SSH key name #### PATH the path to the public key file ### Options ## key rm <id> Remove a single SSH key registered in balenaCloud for the logged in user. The --yes option may be used to avoid interactive confirmation. Examples: $ balena key rm 17 $ balena key rm 17 --yes ### Arguments #### ID balenaCloud ID for the SSH key ### Options #### -y, --yes answer "yes" to all questions (non interactive use) # Logs ## logs <device> Show logs for a specific device. By default, the command prints all log messages and exits. To continuously stream output, and see new logs in real time, use the `--tail` option. If an IP or .local address is passed to this command, logs are displayed from a local mode device with that address. Note that --tail is implied when this command is provided a local mode device. Logs from a single service can be displayed with the --service flag. Just system logs can be shown with the --system flag. Note that these flags can be used together. Note: --service and --system flags must come after the device parameter, as per examples. Examples: $ balena logs 23c73a1 $ balena logs 23c73a1 --tail $ balena logs 192.168.0.31 $ balena logs 192.168.0.31 --service my-service $ balena logs 192.168.0.31 --service my-service-1 --service my-service-2 $ balena logs 23c73a1.local --system $ balena logs 23c73a1.local --system --service my-service ### Arguments #### DEVICE device UUID, IP, or .local address ### Options #### --max-retry MAX-RETRY Maximum number of reconnection attempts on "connection lost" errors (use 0 to disable auto reconnection). #### -t, --tail continuously stream output #### -s, --service SERVICE Reject logs not originating from this service. This can be used in combination with --system or other --service flags. #### -S, --system Only show system logs. This can be used in combination with --service. # Network ## scan Scan for balenaOS devices on your local network. The output includes device information collected through balenaEngine for devices running a development image of balenaOS. Devices running a production image do not expose balenaEngine (on TCP port 2375), which is why less information is printed about them. Examples: $ balena scan $ balena scan --timeout 120 $ balena scan --verbose ### Options #### -v, --verbose display full info #### -t, --timeout TIMEOUT scan timeout in seconds #### -j, --json produce JSON output instead of tabular output ## ssh <fleetOrDevice> [service] Start a shell on a local or remote device. If a service name is not provided, a shell will be opened on the host OS. If a fleet is provided, an interactive menu will be presented for the selection of an online device. A shell will then be opened for the host OS or service container of the chosen device. For local devices, the IP address and .local domain name are supported. If the device is referenced by IP or `.local` address, the connection is initiated directly to balenaOS on port `22222` via an openssh-compatible client. Otherwise, any connection initiated remotely traverses the balenaCloud VPN. Commands may be piped to the standard input for remote execution (see examples). Note however that remote command execution on service containers (as opposed to the host OS) is not currently possible when a device UUID is used (instead of an IP address) because of a balenaCloud backend limitation. Note: `balena ssh` requires an openssh-compatible client to be correctly installed in your shell environment. For more information (including Windows support) please check: https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/INSTALL.md#additional-dependencies, Examples: $ balena ssh MyFleet $ balena ssh f49cefd $ balena ssh f49cefd my-service $ balena ssh f49cefd --port $ balena ssh 192.168.0.1 --verbose $ balena ssh f49cefd.local my-service $ echo "uptime; exit;" | balena ssh f49cefd $ echo "uptime; exit;" | balena ssh 192.168.0.1 myService ### Arguments #### FLEETORDEVICE fleet name/slug/id, device uuid, or address of local device #### SERVICE service name, if connecting to a container ### Options #### -p, --port PORT SSH server port number (default 22222) if the target is an IP address or .local hostname. Otherwise, port number for the balenaCloud gateway (default 22). #### -t, --tty force pseudo-terminal allocation (bypass TTY autodetection for stdin) #### -v, --verbose increase verbosity #### --noproxy bypass global proxy configuration for the ssh connection ## tunnel <deviceOrFleet> Use this command to open local TCP ports that tunnel to listening sockets in a balenaOS device. For example, this command could be used to expose the ssh server of a balenaOS device (port number 22222) on the local machine, or to expose a web server running on the device. The port numbers do not have be the same between the device and the local machine, and multiple ports may be tunneled in a single command line. Port mappings are specified in the format: [:[localIP:]localPort] localIP defaults to 'localhost', and localPort defaults to the specified remotePort value. Note: the -p (--port) flag must be provided at the end of the command line, as per examples. In the case of openBalena, the tunnel command in CLI v12.38.5 or later requires openBalena v3.1.2 or later. Older CLI versions work with older openBalena versions. Examples: # map remote port 22222 to localhost:22222 $ balena tunnel myFleet -p 22222 # map remote port 22222 to localhost:222 $ balena tunnel 2ead211 -p 22222:222 # map remote port 22222 to any address on your host machine, port 22222 $ balena tunnel 1546690 -p 22222:0.0.0.0 # map remote port 22222 to any address on your host machine, port 222 $ balena tunnel myFleet -p 22222:0.0.0.0:222 # multiple port tunnels can be specified at any one time $ balena tunnel myFleet -p 8080:3000 -p 8081:9000 ### Arguments #### DEVICEORFLEET device UUID or fleet name/slug/ID ### Options #### -p, --port PORT port mapping in the format [:[localIP:]localPort] # Notes ## note <|note> Set or update a device note. If the note argument is not provided, it will be read from stdin. To view device notes, use the `balena device ` command. Examples: $ balena note "My useful note" --device 7cf02a6 $ cat note.txt | balena note --device 7cf02a6 ### Arguments #### NOTE note content ### Options #### -d, --device DEVICE device UUID #### --dev DEV # OS ## os versions <type> Show the available balenaOS versions for the given device type. Check available types with `balena devices supported`. Examples: $ balena os versions raspberrypi3 ### Arguments #### TYPE device type ### Options ## os download <type> Download an unconfigured OS image for a certain device type. Check available types with `balena devices supported` Note: Currently this command only works with balenaCloud, not openBalena. If using openBalena, please download the OS from: https://www.balena.io/os/ If version is not specified the newest stable (non-pre-release) version of OS is downloaded (if available), otherwise the newest version (if all existing versions for the given device type are pre-release). You can pass `--version menu` to pick the OS version from the interactive menu of all available versions. To download a development image append `.dev` to the version or select from the interactive menu. Examples: $ balena os download raspberrypi3 -o ../foo/bar/raspberry-pi.img $ balena os download raspberrypi3 -o ../foo/bar/raspberry-pi.img --version 2.60.1+rev1 $ balena os download raspberrypi3 -o ../foo/bar/raspberry-pi.img --version 2.60.1+rev1.dev $ balena os download raspberrypi3 -o ../foo/bar/raspberry-pi.img --version ^2.60.0 $ balena os download raspberrypi3 -o ../foo/bar/raspberry-pi.img --version latest $ balena os download raspberrypi3 -o ../foo/bar/raspberry-pi.img --version default $ balena os download raspberrypi3 -o ../foo/bar/raspberry-pi.img --version menu ### Arguments #### TYPE the device type ### Options #### -o, --output OUTPUT output path #### --version VERSION exact version number, or a valid semver range, or 'latest' (includes pre-releases), or 'default' (excludes pre-releases if at least one stable version is available), or 'recommended' (excludes pre-releases, will fail if only pre-release versions are available), or 'menu' (will show the interactive menu) ## os build-config <image> <device-type> Interactively generate an OS config once, so that the generated config file can be used in `balena os configure`, skipping the interactive part. Examples: $ balena os build-config ../path/rpi3.img raspberrypi3 --output rpi3-config.json $ balena os configure ../path/rpi3.img --device 7cf02a6 --config rpi3-config.json ### Arguments #### IMAGE os image #### DEVICE-TYPE device type ### Options #### -v, --advanced show advanced configuration options #### -o, --output OUTPUT path to output JSON file ## os configure <image> Configure a previously downloaded balenaOS image for a specific device type or fleet. Configuration settings such as WiFi authentication will be taken from the following sources, in precedence order: 1. Command-line options like `--config-wifi-ssid` 2. A given `config.json` file specified with the `--config` option. 3. User input through interactive prompts (text menus). The --device-type option may be used to override the fleet's default device type, in case of a fleet with mixed device types. The --system-connection (-c) option can be used to inject NetworkManager connection profiles for additional network interfaces, such as cellular/GSM or additional WiFi or ethernet connections. This option may be passed multiple times in case there are multiple files to inject. See connection profile examples and reference at: https://www.balena.io/docs/reference/OS/network/2.x/ https://developer.gnome.org/NetworkManager/stable/ref-settings.html The --device-api-key option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. A suitable key is automatically generated or fetched if this option is omitted. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Note: This command is currently not supported on Windows natively. Windows users are advised to install the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) with Ubuntu, and use the Linux release of the balena CLI: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about Examples: $ balena os configure ../path/rpi3.img --device 7cf02a6 $ balena os configure ../path/rpi3.img --device 7cf02a6 --device-api-key $ balena os configure ../path/rpi3.img --fleet myorg/myfleet $ balena os configure ../path/rpi3.img --fleet MyFleet --version 2.12.7 $ balena os configure ../path/rpi3.img -f MyFinFleet --device-type raspberrypi3 $ balena os configure ../path/rpi3.img -f MyFinFleet --device-type raspberrypi3 --config myWifiConfig.json ### Arguments #### IMAGE path to a balenaOS image file, e.g. "rpi3.img" ### Options #### -v, --advanced ask advanced configuration questions (when in interactive mode) #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### --app APP DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### --config CONFIG path to a pre-generated config.json file to be injected in the OS image #### --config-app-update-poll-interval CONFIG-APP-UPDATE-POLL-INTERVAL supervisor cloud polling interval in minutes (e.g. for variable updates) #### --config-network CONFIG-NETWORK device network type (non-interactive configuration) #### --config-wifi-key CONFIG-WIFI-KEY WiFi key (password) (non-interactive configuration) #### --config-wifi-ssid CONFIG-WIFI-SSID WiFi SSID (network name) (non-interactive configuration) #### -d, --device DEVICE device UUID #### -k, --device-api-key DEVICE-API-KEY custom device API key (DEPRECATED and only supported with balenaOS 2.0.3+) #### --device-type DEVICE-TYPE device type slug (e.g. "raspberrypi3") to override the fleet device type #### --initial-device-name INITIAL-DEVICE-NAME This option will set the device name when the device provisions #### --version VERSION balenaOS version, for example "2.32.0" or "2.44.0+rev1" #### -c, --system-connection SYSTEM-CONNECTION paths to local files to place into the 'system-connections' directory ## os initialize <image> Initialize an os image for a device with a previously configured operating system image. Note: Initializing the device may ask for administrative permissions because we need to access the raw devices directly. Examples: $ balena os initialize ../path/rpi.img --type raspberry-pi ### Arguments #### IMAGE path to OS image ### Options #### -t, --type TYPE device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`) #### -d, --drive DRIVE the drive to write the image to, eg. `/dev/sdb` or `/dev/mmcblk0`. Careful with this as you can erase your hard drive. Check `balena util available-drives` for available options. #### -y, --yes answer "yes" to all questions (non interactive use) # Config ## config generate Generate a config.json file for a device or fleet. The target balenaOS version must be specified with the --version option. To configure an image for a fleet of mixed device types, use the --fleet option alongside the --deviceType option to specify the target device type. To avoid interactive questions, specify a command line option for each question that would otherwise be asked. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena config generate --device 7cf02a6 --version 2.12.7 $ balena config generate --device 7cf02a6 --version 2.12.7 --generate-device-api-key $ balena config generate --device 7cf02a6 --version 2.12.7 --device-api-key $ balena config generate --device 7cf02a6 --version 2.12.7 --output config.json $ balena config generate --fleet MyFleet --version 2.12.7 $ balena config generate --fleet myorg/myfleet --version 2.12.7 $ balena config generate --fleet MyFleet --version 2.12.7 --deviceType fincm3 $ balena config generate --fleet MyFleet --version 2.12.7 --output config.json $ balena config generate --fleet MyFleet --version 2.12.7 --network wifi --wifiSsid mySsid --wifiKey abcdefgh --appUpdatePollInterval 15 ### Options #### --version VERSION a balenaOS version #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### --app APP DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### --appUpdatePollInterval APPUPDATEPOLLINTERVAL supervisor cloud polling interval in minutes (e.g. for variable updates) #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -d, --device DEVICE device UUID #### -k, --deviceApiKey DEVICEAPIKEY custom device key - note that this is only supported on balenaOS 2.0.3+ #### --deviceType DEVICETYPE device type slug (run 'balena devices supported' for possible values) #### --generate-device-api-key generate a fresh device key for the device #### -o, --output OUTPUT path of output file #### --network NETWORK the network type to use: ethernet or wifi #### --wifiSsid WIFISSID the wifi ssid to use (used only if --network is set to wifi) #### --wifiKey WIFIKEY the wifi key to use (used only if --network is set to wifi) ## config inject <file> Inject a config.json file to the mounted filesystem, e.g. the SD card of a provisioned device or balenaOS image. Examples: $ balena config inject my/config.json --type raspberrypi3 $ balena config inject my/config.json --type raspberrypi3 --drive /dev/disk2 ### Arguments #### FILE the path to the config.json file to inject ### Options #### -t, --type TYPE device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`) #### -d, --drive DRIVE path to OS image file (e.g. balena.img) or block device (e.g. /dev/disk2) ## config read Read the config.json file from the mounted filesystem, e.g. the SD card of a provisioned device or balenaOS image. Examples: $ balena config read --type raspberrypi3 $ balena config read --type raspberrypi3 --drive /dev/disk2 ### Options #### -t, --type TYPE device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`) #### -d, --drive DRIVE path to OS image file (e.g. balena.img) or block device (e.g. /dev/disk2) ## config reconfigure Interactively reconfigure a provisioned device or OS image. Examples: $ balena config reconfigure --type raspberrypi3 $ balena config reconfigure --type raspberrypi3 --advanced $ balena config reconfigure --type raspberrypi3 --drive /dev/disk2 ### Options #### -t, --type TYPE device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`) #### -d, --drive DRIVE path to OS image file (e.g. balena.img) or block device (e.g. /dev/disk2) #### -v, --advanced show advanced commands ## config write <key> <value> Write a key-value pair to the config.json file on the mounted filesystem, e.g. the SD card of a provisioned device or balenaOS image. Examples: $ balena config write --type raspberrypi3 username johndoe $ balena config write --type raspberrypi3 --drive /dev/disk2 username johndoe $ balena config write --type raspberrypi3 files.network/settings "..." ### Arguments #### KEY the key of the config parameter to write #### VALUE the value of the config parameter to write ### Options #### -t, --type TYPE device type (Check available types with `balena devices supported`) #### -d, --drive DRIVE path to OS image file (e.g. balena.img) or block device (e.g. /dev/disk2) # Preload ## preload <image> Preload a release (service images/containers) from a balena fleet, and optionally a balenaOS splash screen, in a previously downloaded '.img' balenaOS image file in the local disk (a zip file is only accepted for the Intel Edison device type). After preloading, the balenaOS image file can be flashed to a device's SD card. When the device boots, it will not need to download the release, as it was preloaded. This is usually combined with release pinning (https://www.balena.io/docs/learn/deploy/release-strategy/release-policy/) to avoid the device downloading a newer release straight away, if available. Check also the Preloading and Preregistering section of the balena CLI's advanced masterclass document: https://www.balena.io/docs/learn/more/masterclasses/advanced-cli/#5-preloading-and-preregistering Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Note that the this command requires Docker to be installed, as further detailed in the balena CLI's installation instructions: https://github.com/balena-io/balena-cli/blob/master/INSTALL.md The `--dockerHost` and `--dockerPort` flags allow a remote Docker engine to be used, however the image file must be accessible to the remote Docker engine on the same path given on the command line. This is because Docker's bind mount feature is used to "share" the image with a container that performs the preload. Examples: $ balena preload balena.img --fleet MyFleet --commit e1f2592fc6ee949e68756d4f4a48e49bff8d72a0 $ balena preload balena.img --fleet myorg/myfleet --splash-image image.png $ balena preload balena.img ### Arguments #### IMAGE the image file path ### Options #### -a, --app APP DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -c, --commit COMMIT The commit hash of the release to preload. Use "current" to specify the current release (ignored if no appId is given). The current release is usually also the latest, but can be pinned to a specific release. See: https://www.balena.io/docs/learn/deploy/release-strategy/release-policy/ https://www.balena.io/docs/learn/more/masterclasses/fleet-management/#63-pin-using-the-api https://github.com/balena-io-examples/staged-releases #### -s, --splash-image SPLASH-IMAGE path to a png image to replace the splash screen #### --dont-check-arch disable architecture compatibility check between image and fleet #### -p, --pin-device-to-release pin the preloaded device to the preloaded release on provision #### --additional-space ADDITIONAL-SPACE expand the image by this amount of bytes instead of automatically estimating the required amount #### --add-certificate ADD-CERTIFICATE Add the given certificate (in PEM format) to /etc/ssl/certs in the preloading container. The file name must end with '.crt' and must not be already contained in the preloader's /etc/ssl/certs folder. Can be repeated to add multiple certificates. #### -P, --docker DOCKER Path to a local docker socket (e.g. /var/run/docker.sock) #### -h, --dockerHost DOCKERHOST Docker daemon hostname or IP address (dev machine or balena device) #### --dockerPort DOCKERPORT Docker daemon TCP port number (hint: 2375 for balena devices) #### --ca CA Docker host TLS certificate authority file #### --cert CERT Docker host TLS certificate file #### --key KEY Docker host TLS key file # Push ## push <fleetOrDevice> Build release images on balenaCloud servers or on a local mode device. When building on the balenaCloud servers, the given source directory will be sent to the remote server. This can be used as a drop-in replacement for the "git push" deployment method. When building on a local mode device, the given source directory will be built on the device, and the resulting containers will be run on the device. Logs will be streamed back from the device as part of the same invocation. The web dashboard can be used to switch a device to local mode: https://www.balena.io/docs/learn/develop/local-mode/ Note that local mode requires a supervisor version of at least v7.21.0. The logs from only a single service can be shown with the --service flag, and showing only the system logs can be achieved with --system. Note that these flags can be used together. When pushing to a local device a live session will be started. The project source folder is watched for filesystem events, and changes to files and folders are automatically synchronized to the running containers. The synchronization is only in one direction, from this machine to the device, and changes made on the device itself may be overwritten. This feature requires a device running supervisor version v9.7.0 or greater. REGISTRY SECRETS The --registry-secrets option specifies a JSON or YAML file containing private Docker registry usernames and passwords to be used when pulling base images. Sample registry-secrets YAML file: ``` 'my-registry-server.com:25000': username: ann password: hunter2 '': # Use the empty string to refer to the Docker Hub username: mike password: cze14 'eu.gcr.io': # Google Container Registry username: '_json_key' password: '{escaped contents of the GCR keyfile.json file}' ``` For a sample project using registry secrets with the Google Container Registry, check: https://github.com/balena-io-examples/sample-gcr-registry-secrets If the --registry-secrets option is not specified, and a secrets.yml or secrets.json file exists in the balena directory (usually $HOME/.balena), this file will be used instead. DOCKERIGNORE AND GITIGNORE FILES By default, the balena CLI will use a single ".dockerignore" file (if any) at the project root (--source directory) in order to decide which source files to exclude from the "build context" (tar stream) sent to balenaCloud, Docker daemon or balenaEngine. In a microservices (multicontainer) fleet, the source directory is the directory that contains the "docker-compose.yml" file. The --multi-dockerignore (-m) option may be used with microservices (multicontainer) fleets that define a docker-compose.yml file. When this option is used, each service subdirectory (defined by the `build` or `build.context` service properties in the docker-compose.yml file) is filtered separately according to a .dockerignore file defined in the service subdirectory. If no .dockerignore file exists in a service subdirectory, then only the default .dockerignore patterns (see below) apply for that service subdirectory. When the --multi-dockerignore (-m) option is used, the .dockerignore file (if any) defined at the overall project root will be used to filter files and subdirectories other than service subdirectories. It will not have any effect on service subdirectories, whether or not a service subdirectory defines its own .dockerignore file. Multiple .dockerignore files are not merged or added together, and cannot override or extend other files. This behavior maximizes compatibility with the standard docker-compose tool, while still allowing a root .dockerignore file (at the overall project root) to filter files and folders that are outside service subdirectories. balena CLI releases older than v12.0.0 also took .gitignore files into account. This behavior is deprecated, but may still be enabled with the --gitignore (-g) option if compatibility is required. This option is mutually exclusive with --multi-dockerignore (-m) and will be removed in the CLI's next major version release (v13). Default .dockerignore patterns When --gitignore (-g) is NOT used (i.e. when not in v11 compatibility mode), a few default/hardcoded dockerignore patterns are "merged" (in memory) with the patterns found in the applicable .dockerignore files, in the following order: ``` **/.git < user's patterns from the applicable '.dockerignore' file, if any > !**/.balena !**/.resin !**/Dockerfile !**/Dockerfile.* !**/docker-compose.yml ``` These patterns always apply, whether or not .dockerignore files exist in the project. If necessary, the effect of the `**/.git` pattern may be modified by adding counter patterns to the applicable .dockerignore file(s), for example `!mysubmodule/.git`. For documentation on pattern format, see: - https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#dockerignore-file - https://www.npmjs.com/package/@balena/dockerignore Note: the --service and --env flags must come after the fleetOrDevice parameter, as per examples. Examples: $ balena push myFleet $ balena push myFleet --source $ balena push myFleet -s $ balena push myFleet --release-tag key1 "" key2 "value2 with spaces" $ balena push myorg/myfleet $ balena push 10.0.0.1 $ balena push 10.0.0.1 --source $ balena push 10.0.0.1 --service my-service $ balena push 10.0.0.1 --env MY_ENV_VAR=value --env my-service:SERVICE_VAR=value $ balena push 10.0.0.1 --nolive $ balena push 23c73a1.local --system $ balena push 23c73a1.local --system --service my-service ### Arguments #### FLEETORDEVICE fleet name or slug, or local device IP address or ".local" hostname ### Options #### -s, --source SOURCE Source directory to be sent to balenaCloud or balenaOS device (default: current working dir) #### -e, --emulated Don't use the faster, native balenaCloud ARM builders; force slower QEMU ARM emulation on Intel x86-64 builders. This flag is sometimes used to investigate suspected issues with the balenaCloud backend. #### --dockerfile DOCKERFILE Alternative Dockerfile name/path, relative to the source folder #### -c, --nocache Don't use cached layers of previously built images for this project. This ensures that the latest base image and packages are pulled. Note that build logs may still display the message _"Pulling previous images for caching purposes" (as the cloud builder needs previous images to compute delta updates), but the logs will not display the "Using cache" lines for each build step of a Dockerfile. #### --pull When pushing to a local device, force the base images to be pulled again. Currently this option is ignored when pushing to the balenaCloud builders. #### --noparent-check Disable project validation check of 'docker-compose.yml' file in parent folder #### -R, --registry-secrets REGISTRY-SECRETS Path to a local YAML or JSON file containing Docker registry passwords used to pull base images. Note that if registry-secrets are not provided on the command line, a secrets configuration file from the balena directory will be used (usually $HOME/.balena/secrets.yml|.json) #### --nolive Don't run a live session on this push. The filesystem will not be monitored, and changes will not be synchronized to any running containers. Note that both this flag and --detached and required to cause the process to end once the initial build has completed. #### -d, --detached When pushing to the cloud, this option will cause the build to start, then return execution back to the shell, with the status and release ID (if applicable). When pushing to a local mode device, this option will cause the command to not tail logs when the build has completed. #### --service SERVICE Reject logs not originating from this service. This can be used in combination with --system and other --service flags. Only valid when pushing to a local mode device. #### --system Only show system logs. This can be used in combination with --service. Only valid when pushing to a local mode device. #### --env ENV When performing a push to device, run the built containers with environment variables provided with this argument. Environment variables can be applied to individual services by adding their service name before the argument, separated by a colon, e.g: --env main:MY_ENV=value Note that if the service name cannot be found in the composition, the entire left hand side of the = character will be treated as the variable name. #### -l, --convert-eol No-op and deprecated since balena CLI v12.0.0 #### --noconvert-eol Don't convert line endings from CRLF (Windows format) to LF (Unix format). #### -m, --multi-dockerignore Have each service use its own .dockerignore file. See "balena help push". #### -g, --gitignore Consider .gitignore files in addition to the .dockerignore file. This reverts to the CLI v11 behavior/implementation (deprecated) if compatibility is required until your project can be adapted. #### -G, --nogitignore No-op (default behavior) since balena CLI v12.0.0. See "balena help push". #### --release-tag RELEASE-TAG Set release tags if the image build is successful (balenaCloud only). Multiple arguments may be provided, alternating tag keys and values (see examples). Hint: Empty values may be specified with "" (bash, cmd.exe) or '""' (PowerShell). #### --draft Instruct the builder to create the release as a draft. Draft releases are ignored by the 'track latest' release policy but can be used through release pinning. Draft releases can be marked as final through the API. Releases are created as final by default unless this option is given. # Settings ## settings Use this command to display the current balena CLI settings. Examples: $ balena settings ### Options # Local ## local configure <target> Configure or reconfigure a balenaOS drive or image. Examples: $ balena local configure /dev/sdc $ balena local configure path/to/image.img ### Arguments #### TARGET path of drive or image to configure ### Options ## local flash <image> Flash a balenaOS image to a drive. Image file may be one of: .img|.zip|.gz|.bz2|.xz If --drive is not specified, then it will interactively show a list of available drives for selection. Examples: $ balena local flash path/to/balenaos.img $ balena local flash path/to/balenaos.img --drive /dev/disk2 $ balena local flash path/to/balenaos.img --drive /dev/disk2 --yes ### Arguments #### IMAGE path to OS image ### Options #### -d, --drive DRIVE the drive to write the image to, eg. `/dev/sdb` or `/dev/mmcblk0`. Careful with this as you can erase your hard drive. Check `balena util available-drives` for available options. #### -y, --yes answer "yes" to all questions (non interactive use) # Deploy ## build [source] Use this command to build an image or a complete multicontainer project with the provided docker daemon in your development machine or balena device. (See also the `balena push` command for the option of building images in the balenaCloud build servers.) You must specify either a fleet, or the device type and architecture. This command will look into the given source directory (or the current working directory if one isn't specified) for a docker-compose.yml file, and if found, each service defined in the compose file will be built. If a compose file isn't found, it will look for a Dockerfile[.template] file (or alternative Dockerfile specified with the `--dockerfile` option), and if no dockerfile is found, it will try to generate one. REGISTRY SECRETS The --registry-secrets option specifies a JSON or YAML file containing private Docker registry usernames and passwords to be used when pulling base images. Sample registry-secrets YAML file: ``` 'my-registry-server.com:25000': username: ann password: hunter2 '': # Use the empty string to refer to the Docker Hub username: mike password: cze14 'eu.gcr.io': # Google Container Registry username: '_json_key' password: '{escaped contents of the GCR keyfile.json file}' ``` For a sample project using registry secrets with the Google Container Registry, check: https://github.com/balena-io-examples/sample-gcr-registry-secrets If the --registry-secrets option is not specified, and a secrets.yml or secrets.json file exists in the balena directory (usually $HOME/.balena), this file will be used instead. DOCKERIGNORE AND GITIGNORE FILES By default, the balena CLI will use a single ".dockerignore" file (if any) at the project root (--source directory) in order to decide which source files to exclude from the "build context" (tar stream) sent to balenaCloud, Docker daemon or balenaEngine. In a microservices (multicontainer) fleet, the source directory is the directory that contains the "docker-compose.yml" file. The --multi-dockerignore (-m) option may be used with microservices (multicontainer) fleets that define a docker-compose.yml file. When this option is used, each service subdirectory (defined by the `build` or `build.context` service properties in the docker-compose.yml file) is filtered separately according to a .dockerignore file defined in the service subdirectory. If no .dockerignore file exists in a service subdirectory, then only the default .dockerignore patterns (see below) apply for that service subdirectory. When the --multi-dockerignore (-m) option is used, the .dockerignore file (if any) defined at the overall project root will be used to filter files and subdirectories other than service subdirectories. It will not have any effect on service subdirectories, whether or not a service subdirectory defines its own .dockerignore file. Multiple .dockerignore files are not merged or added together, and cannot override or extend other files. This behavior maximizes compatibility with the standard docker-compose tool, while still allowing a root .dockerignore file (at the overall project root) to filter files and folders that are outside service subdirectories. balena CLI releases older than v12.0.0 also took .gitignore files into account. This behavior is deprecated, but may still be enabled with the --gitignore (-g) option if compatibility is required. This option is mutually exclusive with --multi-dockerignore (-m) and will be removed in the CLI's next major version release (v13). Default .dockerignore patterns When --gitignore (-g) is NOT used (i.e. when not in v11 compatibility mode), a few default/hardcoded dockerignore patterns are "merged" (in memory) with the patterns found in the applicable .dockerignore files, in the following order: ``` **/.git < user's patterns from the applicable '.dockerignore' file, if any > !**/.balena !**/.resin !**/Dockerfile !**/Dockerfile.* !**/docker-compose.yml ``` These patterns always apply, whether or not .dockerignore files exist in the project. If necessary, the effect of the `**/.git` pattern may be modified by adding counter patterns to the applicable .dockerignore file(s), for example `!mysubmodule/.git`. For documentation on pattern format, see: - https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#dockerignore-file - https://www.npmjs.com/package/@balena/dockerignore Examples: $ balena build --fleet myFleet $ balena build ./source/ --fleet myorg/myfleet $ balena build --deviceType raspberrypi3 --arch armv7hf --emulated $ balena build --docker /var/run/docker.sock --fleet myFleet # Linux, Mac $ balena build --docker //./pipe/docker_engine --fleet myFleet # Windows $ balena build --dockerHost my.docker.host --dockerPort 2376 --ca ca.pem --key key.pem --cert cert.pem -f myFleet ### Arguments #### SOURCE path of project source directory ### Options #### -A, --arch ARCH the architecture to build for #### -d, --deviceType DEVICETYPE the type of device this build is for #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -e, --emulated Use QEMU for ARM architecture emulation during the image build #### --dockerfile DOCKERFILE Alternative Dockerfile name/path, relative to the source folder #### --logs No-op and deprecated since balena CLI v12.0.0. Build logs are now shown by default. #### --nologs Hide the image build log output (produce less verbose output) #### -g, --gitignore Consider .gitignore files in addition to the .dockerignore file. This reverts to the CLI v11 behavior/implementation (deprecated) if compatibility is required until your project can be adapted. #### -G, --nogitignore No-op (default behavior) since balena CLI v12.0.0. See "balena help build". #### -m, --multi-dockerignore Have each service use its own .dockerignore file. See "balena help build". #### --noparent-check Disable project validation check of 'docker-compose.yml' file in parent folder #### -R, --registry-secrets REGISTRY-SECRETS Path to a YAML or JSON file with passwords for a private Docker registry #### -l, --convert-eol No-op and deprecated since balena CLI v12.0.0 #### --noconvert-eol Don't convert line endings from CRLF (Windows format) to LF (Unix format). #### -n, --projectName PROJECTNAME Specify an alternate project name; default is the directory name #### -t, --tag TAG The alias to the generated image #### -B, --buildArg BUILDARG [Deprecated] Set a build-time variable (eg. "-B 'ARG=value'"). Can be specified multiple times. #### --cache-from CACHE-FROM Comma-separated list (no spaces) of image names for build cache resolution. Implements the same feature as the "docker build --cache-from" option. #### --nocache Don't use docker layer caching when building #### --pull Pull the base images again even if they exist locally #### --squash Squash newly built layers into a single new layer #### -P, --docker DOCKER Path to a local docker socket (e.g. /var/run/docker.sock) #### -h, --dockerHost DOCKERHOST Docker daemon hostname or IP address (dev machine or balena device) #### -p, --dockerPort DOCKERPORT Docker daemon TCP port number (hint: 2375 for balena devices) #### --ca CA Docker host TLS certificate authority file #### --cert CERT Docker host TLS certificate file #### --key KEY Docker host TLS key file ## deploy <fleet> [image] Usage: `deploy ([image] | --build [--source build-dir])` Use this command to deploy an image or a complete multicontainer project to a fleet, optionally building it first. The source images are searched for (and optionally built) using the docker daemon in your development machine or balena device. (See also the `balena push` command for the option of building the image in the balenaCloud build servers.) Unless an image is specified, this command will look into the current directory (or the one specified by --source) for a docker-compose.yml file. If one is found, this command will deploy each service defined in the compose file, building it first if an image for it doesn't exist. Image names will be looked up according to the scheme: `_`. If a compose file isn't found, the command will look for a Dockerfile[.template] file (or alternative Dockerfile specified with the `-f` option), and if yet that isn't found, it will try to generate one. To deploy to a fleet where you are a collaborator, use fleet slug including the organization: `balena deploy /`. REGISTRY SECRETS The --registry-secrets option specifies a JSON or YAML file containing private Docker registry usernames and passwords to be used when pulling base images. Sample registry-secrets YAML file: ``` 'my-registry-server.com:25000': username: ann password: hunter2 '': # Use the empty string to refer to the Docker Hub username: mike password: cze14 'eu.gcr.io': # Google Container Registry username: '_json_key' password: '{escaped contents of the GCR keyfile.json file}' ``` For a sample project using registry secrets with the Google Container Registry, check: https://github.com/balena-io-examples/sample-gcr-registry-secrets If the --registry-secrets option is not specified, and a secrets.yml or secrets.json file exists in the balena directory (usually $HOME/.balena), this file will be used instead. DOCKERIGNORE AND GITIGNORE FILES By default, the balena CLI will use a single ".dockerignore" file (if any) at the project root (--source directory) in order to decide which source files to exclude from the "build context" (tar stream) sent to balenaCloud, Docker daemon or balenaEngine. In a microservices (multicontainer) fleet, the source directory is the directory that contains the "docker-compose.yml" file. The --multi-dockerignore (-m) option may be used with microservices (multicontainer) fleets that define a docker-compose.yml file. When this option is used, each service subdirectory (defined by the `build` or `build.context` service properties in the docker-compose.yml file) is filtered separately according to a .dockerignore file defined in the service subdirectory. If no .dockerignore file exists in a service subdirectory, then only the default .dockerignore patterns (see below) apply for that service subdirectory. When the --multi-dockerignore (-m) option is used, the .dockerignore file (if any) defined at the overall project root will be used to filter files and subdirectories other than service subdirectories. It will not have any effect on service subdirectories, whether or not a service subdirectory defines its own .dockerignore file. Multiple .dockerignore files are not merged or added together, and cannot override or extend other files. This behavior maximizes compatibility with the standard docker-compose tool, while still allowing a root .dockerignore file (at the overall project root) to filter files and folders that are outside service subdirectories. balena CLI releases older than v12.0.0 also took .gitignore files into account. This behavior is deprecated, but may still be enabled with the --gitignore (-g) option if compatibility is required. This option is mutually exclusive with --multi-dockerignore (-m) and will be removed in the CLI's next major version release (v13). Default .dockerignore patterns When --gitignore (-g) is NOT used (i.e. when not in v11 compatibility mode), a few default/hardcoded dockerignore patterns are "merged" (in memory) with the patterns found in the applicable .dockerignore files, in the following order: ``` **/.git < user's patterns from the applicable '.dockerignore' file, if any > !**/.balena !**/.resin !**/Dockerfile !**/Dockerfile.* !**/docker-compose.yml ``` These patterns always apply, whether or not .dockerignore files exist in the project. If necessary, the effect of the `**/.git` pattern may be modified by adding counter patterns to the applicable .dockerignore file(s), for example `!mysubmodule/.git`. For documentation on pattern format, see: - https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#dockerignore-file - https://www.npmjs.com/package/@balena/dockerignore Examples: $ balena deploy myFleet $ balena deploy myorg/myfleet --build --source myBuildDir/ $ balena deploy myorg/myfleet myRepo/myImage $ balena deploy myFleet myRepo/myImage --release-tag key1 "" key2 "value2 with spaces" ### Arguments #### FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID (deprecated) #### IMAGE the image to deploy ### Options #### -s, --source SOURCE specify an alternate source directory; default is the working directory #### -b, --build force a rebuild before deploy #### --nologupload don't upload build logs to the dashboard with image (if building) #### --release-tag RELEASE-TAG Set release tags if the image deployment is successful. Multiple arguments may be provided, alternating tag keys and values (see examples). Hint: Empty values may be specified with "" (bash, cmd.exe) or '""' (PowerShell). #### --draft Deploy the release as a draft. Draft releases are ignored by the 'track latest' release policy but can be used through release pinning. Draft releases can be marked as final through the API. Releases are created as final by default unless this option is given. #### -e, --emulated Use QEMU for ARM architecture emulation during the image build #### --dockerfile DOCKERFILE Alternative Dockerfile name/path, relative to the source folder #### --logs No-op and deprecated since balena CLI v12.0.0. Build logs are now shown by default. #### --nologs Hide the image build log output (produce less verbose output) #### -g, --gitignore Consider .gitignore files in addition to the .dockerignore file. This reverts to the CLI v11 behavior/implementation (deprecated) if compatibility is required until your project can be adapted. #### -G, --nogitignore No-op (default behavior) since balena CLI v12.0.0. See "balena help build". #### -m, --multi-dockerignore Have each service use its own .dockerignore file. See "balena help build". #### --noparent-check Disable project validation check of 'docker-compose.yml' file in parent folder #### -R, --registry-secrets REGISTRY-SECRETS Path to a YAML or JSON file with passwords for a private Docker registry #### -l, --convert-eol No-op and deprecated since balena CLI v12.0.0 #### --noconvert-eol Don't convert line endings from CRLF (Windows format) to LF (Unix format). #### -n, --projectName PROJECTNAME Specify an alternate project name; default is the directory name #### -t, --tag TAG The alias to the generated image #### -B, --buildArg BUILDARG [Deprecated] Set a build-time variable (eg. "-B 'ARG=value'"). Can be specified multiple times. #### --cache-from CACHE-FROM Comma-separated list (no spaces) of image names for build cache resolution. Implements the same feature as the "docker build --cache-from" option. #### --nocache Don't use docker layer caching when building #### --pull Pull the base images again even if they exist locally #### --squash Squash newly built layers into a single new layer #### -P, --docker DOCKER Path to a local docker socket (e.g. /var/run/docker.sock) #### -h, --dockerHost DOCKERHOST Docker daemon hostname or IP address (dev machine or balena device) #### -p, --dockerPort DOCKERPORT Docker daemon TCP port number (hint: 2375 for balena devices) #### --ca CA Docker host TLS certificate authority file #### --cert CERT Docker host TLS certificate file #### --key KEY Docker host TLS key file # Platform ## join [deviceIpOrHostname] Move a local device to a fleet on another balena server, causing the device to "join" the new server. The device must be running balenaOS. For example, you could provision a device against an openBalena installation where you perform end-to-end tests and then move it to balenaCloud when it's ready for production. To move a device between fleets on the same server, use the `balena device move` command instead of `balena join`. If you don't specify a device hostname or IP, this command will automatically scan the local network for balenaOS devices and prompt you to select one from an interactive picker. This may require administrator/root privileges. Likewise, if the fleet option is not provided then a picker will be shown. Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: $ balena join $ balena join balena.local $ balena join balena.local --fleet MyFleet $ balena join balena.local -f myorg/myfleet $ balena join 192.168.1.25 $ balena join 192.168.1.25 --fleet MyFleet ### Arguments #### DEVICEIPORHOSTNAME the IP or hostname of device ### Options #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET fleet name, slug (preferred), or numeric ID #### -i, --pollInterval POLLINTERVAL the interval in minutes to check for updates ## leave [deviceIpOrHostname] Remove a local device from its balena fleet, causing the device to "leave" the server it is provisioned on. This effectively makes the device "unmanaged". The device must be running balenaOS. The device entry on the server is preserved after running this command, so the device can subsequently re-join the server if needed. If you don't specify a device hostname or IP, this command will automatically scan the local network for balenaOS devices and prompt you to select one from an interactive picker. This may require administrator/root privileges. Examples: $ balena leave $ balena leave balena.local $ balena leave 192.168.1.25 ### Arguments #### DEVICEIPORHOSTNAME the device IP or hostname ### Options # Utilities ## util available-drives List available drives which are usable for writing an OS image to. Does not list system drives. ### Options # Support ## support <action> Grant or revoke balena support agent access to devices or fleets on balenaCloud. (This command does not apply to openBalena.) Access will be automatically revoked once the specified duration has elapsed. Duration defaults to 24h, but can be specified using --duration flag in days or hours, e.g. '12h', '2d'. Both --device and --fleet flags accept multiple values, specified as a comma-separated list (with no spaces). Fleets may be specified by fleet name, slug, or numeric ID. Fleet slugs are the recommended option, as they are unique and unambiguous. Slugs can be listed with the `balena fleets` command. Note that slugs may change if the fleet is renamed. Fleet names are not unique and may result in "Fleet is ambiguous" errors at any time (even if it "used to work in the past"), for example if the name clashes with a newly created public fleet, or with fleets from other balena accounts that you may be invited to join under any role. For this reason, fleet names are especially discouraged in scripts (e.g. CI environments). Numeric fleet IDs are deprecated because they consist of an implementation detail of the balena backend. We intend to remove support for numeric IDs at some point in the future. Examples: balena support enable --device ab346f,cd457a --duration 3d balena support enable --fleet myFleet --duration 12h balena support disable -f myorg/myfleet ### Arguments #### ACTION enable|disable support access ### Options #### -d, --device DEVICE comma-separated list (no spaces) of device UUIDs #### -a, --application APPLICATION DEPRECATED alias for -f, --fleet #### -f, --fleet FLEET comma-separated list (no spaces) of fleet names or org/name slugs #### -t, --duration DURATION length of time to enable support for, in (h)ours or (d)ays, e.g. 12h, 2d