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ZeroTierOne/node/Switch.cpp

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/*
* Copyright (c)2013-2020 ZeroTier, Inc.
*
* Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License included
* in the LICENSE.TXT file in the project's root directory.
*
* Change Date: 2026-01-01
*
* On the date above, in accordance with the Business Source License, use
* of this software will be governed by version 2.0 of the Apache License.
*/
/****/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <stdexcept>
#include "../version.h"
#include "../include/ZeroTierOne.h"
#include "Constants.hpp"
#include "RuntimeEnvironment.hpp"
#include "Switch.hpp"
#include "Node.hpp"
#include "InetAddress.hpp"
#include "Topology.hpp"
#include "Peer.hpp"
#include "SelfAwareness.hpp"
#include "Packet.hpp"
#include "Trace.hpp"
#include "Metrics.hpp"
namespace ZeroTier {
Switch::Switch(const RuntimeEnvironment *renv) :
RR(renv),
_lastBeaconResponse(0),
_lastCheckedQueues(0),
_lastUniteAttempt(8) // only really used on root servers and upstreams, and it'll grow there just fine
{
}
// Returns true if packet appears valid; pos and proto will be set
static bool _ipv6GetPayload(const uint8_t *frameData,unsigned int frameLen,unsigned int &pos,unsigned int &proto)
{
if (frameLen < 40) {
return false;
}
pos = 40;
proto = frameData[6];
while (pos <= frameLen) {
switch(proto) {
case 0: // hop-by-hop options
case 43: // routing
case 60: // destination options
case 135: // mobility options
if ((pos + 8) > frameLen) {
return false; // invalid!
}
proto = frameData[pos];
pos += ((unsigned int)frameData[pos + 1] * 8) + 8;
break;
//case 44: // fragment -- we currently can't parse these and they are deprecated in IPv6 anyway
//case 50:
//case 51: // IPSec ESP and AH -- we have to stop here since this is encrypted stuff
default:
return true;
}
}
return false; // overflow == invalid
}
void Switch::onRemotePacket(void *tPtr,const int64_t localSocket,const InetAddress &fromAddr,const void *data,unsigned int len)
{
int32_t flowId = ZT_QOS_NO_FLOW;
try {
const int64_t now = RR->node->now();
const SharedPtr<Path> path(RR->topology->getPath(localSocket,fromAddr));
path->received(now);
if (len == 13) {
/* LEGACY: before VERB_PUSH_DIRECT_PATHS, peers used broadcast
* announcements on the LAN to solve the 'same network problem.' We
* no longer send these, but we'll listen for them for a while to
* locate peers with versions <1.0.4. */
const Address beaconAddr(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data) + 8,5);
if (beaconAddr == RR->identity.address()) {
return;
}
if (!RR->node->shouldUsePathForZeroTierTraffic(tPtr,beaconAddr,localSocket,fromAddr)) {
return;
}
const SharedPtr<Peer> peer(RR->topology->getPeer(tPtr,beaconAddr));
if (peer) { // we'll only respond to beacons from known peers
if ((now - _lastBeaconResponse) >= 2500) { // limit rate of responses
_lastBeaconResponse = now;
Packet outp(peer->address(),RR->identity.address(),Packet::VERB_NOP);
outp.armor(peer->key(),true,peer->aesKeysIfSupported());
Metrics::pkt_nop_out++;
path->send(RR,tPtr,outp.data(),outp.size(),now);
}
}
} else if (len > ZT_PROTO_MIN_FRAGMENT_LENGTH) { // SECURITY: min length check is important since we do some C-style stuff below!
if (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[ZT_PACKET_FRAGMENT_IDX_FRAGMENT_INDICATOR] == ZT_PACKET_FRAGMENT_INDICATOR) {
// Handle fragment ----------------------------------------------------
Packet::Fragment fragment(data,len);
const Address destination(fragment.destination());
if (destination != RR->identity.address()) {
if ( (!RR->topology->amUpstream()) && (!path->trustEstablished(now)) ) {
return;
}
if (fragment.hops() < ZT_RELAY_MAX_HOPS) {
fragment.incrementHops();
// Note: we don't bother initiating NAT-t for fragments, since heads will set that off.
// It wouldn't hurt anything, just redundant and unnecessary.
SharedPtr<Peer> relayTo = RR->topology->getPeer(tPtr,destination);
if ((!relayTo)||(!relayTo->sendDirect(tPtr,fragment.data(),fragment.size(),now,false))) {
// Don't know peer or no direct path -- so relay via someone upstream
relayTo = RR->topology->getUpstreamPeer();
if (relayTo) {
relayTo->sendDirect(tPtr,fragment.data(),fragment.size(),now,true);
}
}
}
} else {
// Fragment looks like ours
const uint64_t fragmentPacketId = fragment.packetId();
const unsigned int fragmentNumber = fragment.fragmentNumber();
const unsigned int totalFragments = fragment.totalFragments();
if ((totalFragments <= ZT_MAX_PACKET_FRAGMENTS)&&(fragmentNumber < ZT_MAX_PACKET_FRAGMENTS)&&(fragmentNumber > 0)&&(totalFragments > 1)) {
// Fragment appears basically sane. Its fragment number must be
// 1 or more, since a Packet with fragmented bit set is fragment 0.
// Total fragments must be more than 1, otherwise why are we
// seeing a Packet::Fragment?
RXQueueEntry *const rq = _findRXQueueEntry(fragmentPacketId);
Mutex::Lock rql(rq->lock);
if (rq->packetId != fragmentPacketId) {
// No packet found, so we received a fragment without its head.
rq->flowId = flowId;
rq->timestamp = now;
rq->packetId = fragmentPacketId;
rq->frags[fragmentNumber - 1] = fragment;
rq->totalFragments = totalFragments; // total fragment count is known
rq->haveFragments = 1 << fragmentNumber; // we have only this fragment
rq->complete = false;
} else if (!(rq->haveFragments & (1 << fragmentNumber))) {
// We have other fragments and maybe the head, so add this one and check
rq->frags[fragmentNumber - 1] = fragment;
rq->totalFragments = totalFragments;
if (Utils::countBits(rq->haveFragments |= (1 << fragmentNumber)) == totalFragments) {
// We have all fragments -- assemble and process full Packet
for(unsigned int f=1;f<totalFragments;++f) {
rq->frag0.append(rq->frags[f - 1].payload(),rq->frags[f - 1].payloadLength());
}
if (rq->frag0.tryDecode(RR,tPtr,flowId)) {
rq->timestamp = 0; // packet decoded, free entry
} else {
rq->complete = true; // set complete flag but leave entry since it probably needs WHOIS or something
}
}
} // else this is a duplicate fragment, ignore
}
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
} else if (len >= ZT_PROTO_MIN_PACKET_LENGTH) { // min length check is important!
// Handle packet head -------------------------------------------------
const Address destination(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data) + 8,ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH);
const Address source(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data) + 13,ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH);
if (source == RR->identity.address()) {
return;
}
if (destination != RR->identity.address()) {
if ( (!RR->topology->amUpstream()) && (!path->trustEstablished(now)) && (source != RR->identity.address()) ) {
return;
}
Packet packet(data,len);
if (packet.hops() < ZT_RELAY_MAX_HOPS) {
packet.incrementHops();
SharedPtr<Peer> relayTo = RR->topology->getPeer(tPtr,destination);
if ((relayTo)&&(relayTo->sendDirect(tPtr,packet.data(),packet.size(),now,false))) {
if ((source != RR->identity.address())&&(_shouldUnite(now,source,destination))) {
const SharedPtr<Peer> sourcePeer(RR->topology->getPeer(tPtr,source));
if (sourcePeer) {
relayTo->introduce(tPtr,now,sourcePeer);
}
}
} else {
relayTo = RR->topology->getUpstreamPeer();
if ((relayTo)&&(relayTo->address() != source)) {
if (relayTo->sendDirect(tPtr,packet.data(),packet.size(),now,true)) {
const SharedPtr<Peer> sourcePeer(RR->topology->getPeer(tPtr,source));
if (sourcePeer) {
relayTo->introduce(tPtr,now,sourcePeer);
}
}
}
}
}
} else if ((reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[ZT_PACKET_IDX_FLAGS] & ZT_PROTO_FLAG_FRAGMENTED) != 0) {
// Packet is the head of a fragmented packet series
const uint64_t packetId = (
(((uint64_t)reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[0]) << 56) |
(((uint64_t)reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[1]) << 48) |
(((uint64_t)reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[2]) << 40) |
(((uint64_t)reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[3]) << 32) |
(((uint64_t)reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[4]) << 24) |
(((uint64_t)reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[5]) << 16) |
(((uint64_t)reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[6]) << 8) |
((uint64_t)reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[7])
);
RXQueueEntry *const rq = _findRXQueueEntry(packetId);
Mutex::Lock rql(rq->lock);
if (rq->packetId != packetId) {
// If we have no other fragments yet, create an entry and save the head
rq->flowId = flowId;
rq->timestamp = now;
rq->packetId = packetId;
rq->frag0.init(data,len,path,now);
rq->totalFragments = 0;
rq->haveFragments = 1;
rq->complete = false;
} else if (!(rq->haveFragments & 1)) {
// If we have other fragments but no head, see if we are complete with the head
if ((rq->totalFragments > 1)&&(Utils::countBits(rq->haveFragments |= 1) == rq->totalFragments)) {
// We have all fragments -- assemble and process full Packet
rq->frag0.init(data,len,path,now);
for(unsigned int f=1;f<rq->totalFragments;++f) {
rq->frag0.append(rq->frags[f - 1].payload(),rq->frags[f - 1].payloadLength());
}
if (rq->frag0.tryDecode(RR,tPtr,flowId)) {
rq->timestamp = 0; // packet decoded, free entry
} else {
rq->complete = true; // set complete flag but leave entry since it probably needs WHOIS or something
}
} else {
// Still waiting on more fragments, but keep the head
rq->frag0.init(data,len,path,now);
}
} // else this is a duplicate head, ignore
} else {
// Packet is unfragmented, so just process it
IncomingPacket packet(data,len,path,now);
if (!packet.tryDecode(RR,tPtr,flowId)) {
RXQueueEntry *const rq = _nextRXQueueEntry();
Mutex::Lock rql(rq->lock);
rq->flowId = flowId;
rq->timestamp = now;
rq->packetId = packet.packetId();
rq->frag0 = packet;
rq->totalFragments = 1;
rq->haveFragments = 1;
rq->complete = true;
}
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
}
}
} catch ( ... ) {} // sanity check, should be caught elsewhere
}
void Switch::onLocalEthernet(void *tPtr,const SharedPtr<Network> &network,const MAC &from,const MAC &to,unsigned int etherType,unsigned int vlanId,const void *data,unsigned int len)
{
if (!network->hasConfig()) {
return;
}
// Check if this packet is from someone other than the tap -- i.e. bridged in
bool fromBridged;
if ((fromBridged = (from != network->mac()))) {
if (!network->config().permitsBridging(RR->identity.address())) {
RR->t->outgoingNetworkFrameDropped(tPtr,network,from,to,etherType,vlanId,len,"not a bridge");
return;
}
}
uint8_t qosBucket = ZT_AQM_DEFAULT_BUCKET;
/**
* A pseudo-unique identifier used by balancing and bonding policies to
* categorize individual flows/conversations for assignment to a specific
* physical path. This identifier consists of the source port and
* destination port of the encapsulated frame.
*
* A flowId of -1 will indicate that there is no preference for how this
* packet shall be sent. An example of this would be an ICMP packet.
*/
int32_t flowId = ZT_QOS_NO_FLOW;
if (etherType == ZT_ETHERTYPE_IPV4 && (len >= 20)) {
uint16_t srcPort = 0;
uint16_t dstPort = 0;
uint8_t proto = (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[9]);
const unsigned int headerLen = 4 * (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[0] & 0xf);
switch(proto) {
case 0x01: // ICMP
//flowId = 0x01;
break;
// All these start with 16-bit source and destination port in that order
case 0x06: // TCP
case 0x11: // UDP
case 0x84: // SCTP
case 0x88: // UDPLite
if (len > (headerLen + 4)) {
unsigned int pos = headerLen + 0;
srcPort = (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[pos++]) << 8;
srcPort |= (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[pos]);
pos++;
dstPort = (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[pos++]) << 8;
dstPort |= (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[pos]);
flowId = dstPort ^ srcPort ^ proto;
}
break;
}
}
if (etherType == ZT_ETHERTYPE_IPV6 && (len >= 40)) {
uint16_t srcPort = 0;
uint16_t dstPort = 0;
unsigned int pos;
unsigned int proto;
_ipv6GetPayload((const uint8_t *)data, len, pos, proto);
switch(proto) {
case 0x3A: // ICMPv6
//flowId = 0x3A;
break;
// All these start with 16-bit source and destination port in that order
case 0x06: // TCP
case 0x11: // UDP
case 0x84: // SCTP
case 0x88: // UDPLite
if (len > (pos + 4)) {
srcPort = (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[pos++]) << 8;
srcPort |= (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[pos]);
pos++;
dstPort = (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[pos++]) << 8;
dstPort |= (reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[pos]);
flowId = dstPort ^ srcPort ^ proto;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
if (to.isMulticast()) {
MulticastGroup multicastGroup(to,0);
if (to.isBroadcast()) {
if ( (etherType == ZT_ETHERTYPE_ARP) && (len >= 28) && ((((const uint8_t *)data)[2] == 0x08)&&(((const uint8_t *)data)[3] == 0x00)&&(((const uint8_t *)data)[4] == 6)&&(((const uint8_t *)data)[5] == 4)&&(((const uint8_t *)data)[7] == 0x01)) ) {
/* IPv4 ARP is one of the few special cases that we impose upon what is
* otherwise a straightforward Ethernet switch emulation. Vanilla ARP
* is dumb old broadcast and simply doesn't scale. ZeroTier multicast
* groups have an additional field called ADI (additional distinguishing
* information) which was added specifically for ARP though it could
* be used for other things too. We then take ARP broadcasts and turn
* them into multicasts by stuffing the IP address being queried into
* the 32-bit ADI field. In practice this uses our multicast pub/sub
* system to implement a kind of extended/distributed ARP table. */
multicastGroup = MulticastGroup::deriveMulticastGroupForAddressResolution(InetAddress(((const unsigned char *)data) + 24,4,0));
} else if (!network->config().enableBroadcast()) {
// Don't transmit broadcasts if this network doesn't want them
RR->t->outgoingNetworkFrameDropped(tPtr,network,from,to,etherType,vlanId,len,"broadcast disabled");
return;
}
} else if ((etherType == ZT_ETHERTYPE_IPV6)&&(len >= (40 + 8 + 16))) {
// IPv6 NDP emulation for certain very special patterns of private IPv6 addresses -- if enabled
if ((network->config().ndpEmulation())&&(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[6] == 0x3a)&&(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data)[40] == 0x87)) { // ICMPv6 neighbor solicitation
Address v6EmbeddedAddress;
const uint8_t *const pkt6 = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data) + 40 + 8;
const uint8_t *my6 = (const uint8_t *)0;
// ZT-RFC4193 address: fdNN:NNNN:NNNN:NNNN:NN99:93DD:DDDD:DDDD / 88 (one /128 per actual host)
// ZT-6PLANE address: fcXX:XXXX:XXDD:DDDD:DDDD:####:####:#### / 40 (one /80 per actual host)
// (XX - lower 32 bits of network ID XORed with higher 32 bits)
// For these to work, we must have a ZT-managed address assigned in one of the
// above formats, and the query must match its prefix.
for(unsigned int sipk=0;sipk<network->config().staticIpCount;++sipk) {
const InetAddress *const sip = &(network->config().staticIps[sipk]);
if (sip->ss_family == AF_INET6) {
my6 = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_in6 *>(&(*sip))->sin6_addr.s6_addr);
const unsigned int sipNetmaskBits = Utils::ntoh((uint16_t)reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_in6 *>(&(*sip))->sin6_port);
if ((sipNetmaskBits == 88)&&(my6[0] == 0xfd)&&(my6[9] == 0x99)&&(my6[10] == 0x93)) { // ZT-RFC4193 /88 ???
unsigned int ptr = 0;
while (ptr != 11) {
if (pkt6[ptr] != my6[ptr]) {
break;
}
++ptr;
}
if (ptr == 11) { // prefix match!
v6EmbeddedAddress.setTo(pkt6 + ptr,5);
break;
}
} else if (sipNetmaskBits == 40) { // ZT-6PLANE /40 ???
const uint32_t nwid32 = (uint32_t)((network->id() ^ (network->id() >> 32)) & 0xffffffff);
if ( (my6[0] == 0xfc) && (my6[1] == (uint8_t)((nwid32 >> 24) & 0xff)) && (my6[2] == (uint8_t)((nwid32 >> 16) & 0xff)) && (my6[3] == (uint8_t)((nwid32 >> 8) & 0xff)) && (my6[4] == (uint8_t)(nwid32 & 0xff))) {
unsigned int ptr = 0;
while (ptr != 5) {
if (pkt6[ptr] != my6[ptr]) {
break;
}
++ptr;
}
if (ptr == 5) { // prefix match!
v6EmbeddedAddress.setTo(pkt6 + ptr,5);
break;
}
}
}
}
}
if ((v6EmbeddedAddress)&&(v6EmbeddedAddress != RR->identity.address())) {
const MAC peerMac(v6EmbeddedAddress,network->id());
uint8_t adv[72];
adv[0] = 0x60;
adv[1] = 0x00;
adv[2] = 0x00;
adv[3] = 0x00;
adv[4] = 0x00;
adv[5] = 0x20;
adv[6] = 0x3a;
adv[7] = 0xff;
for(int i=0;i<16;++i) {
adv[8 + i] = pkt6[i];
}
for(int i=0;i<16;++i) {
adv[24 + i] = my6[i];
}
adv[40] = 0x88;
adv[41] = 0x00;
adv[42] = 0x00;
adv[43] = 0x00; // future home of checksum
adv[44] = 0x60;
adv[45] = 0x00;
adv[46] = 0x00;
adv[47] = 0x00;
for(int i=0;i<16;++i) {
adv[48 + i] = pkt6[i];
}
adv[64] = 0x02;
adv[65] = 0x01;
adv[66] = peerMac[0];
adv[67] = peerMac[1];
adv[68] = peerMac[2];
adv[69] = peerMac[3];
adv[70] = peerMac[4];
adv[71] = peerMac[5];
uint16_t pseudo_[36];
uint8_t *const pseudo = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(pseudo_);
for(int i=0;i<32;++i) {
pseudo[i] = adv[8 + i];
}
pseudo[32] = 0x00;
pseudo[33] = 0x00;
pseudo[34] = 0x00;
pseudo[35] = 0x20;
pseudo[36] = 0x00;
pseudo[37] = 0x00;
pseudo[38] = 0x00;
pseudo[39] = 0x3a;
for(int i=0;i<32;++i) {
pseudo[40 + i] = adv[40 + i];
}
uint32_t checksum = 0;
for(int i=0;i<36;++i) {
checksum += Utils::hton(pseudo_[i]);
}
while ((checksum >> 16)) {
checksum = (checksum & 0xffff) + (checksum >> 16);
}
checksum = ~checksum;
adv[42] = (checksum >> 8) & 0xff;
adv[43] = checksum & 0xff;
//
// call on separate background thread
// this prevents problems related to trying to do rx while inside of doing tx, such as acquiring same lock recursively
//
std::thread([=]() {
RR->node->putFrame(tPtr, network->id(), network->userPtr(), peerMac, from, ZT_ETHERTYPE_IPV6, 0, adv, 72);
}).detach();
return; // NDP emulation done. We have forged a "fake" reply, so no need to send actual NDP query.
} // else no NDP emulation
} // else no NDP emulation
}
// Check this after NDP emulation, since that has to be allowed in exactly this case
if (network->config().multicastLimit == 0) {
RR->t->outgoingNetworkFrameDropped(tPtr,network,from,to,etherType,vlanId,len,"multicast disabled");
return;
}
/* Learn multicast groups for bridged-in hosts.
* Note that some OSes, most notably Linux, do this for you by learning
* multicast addresses on bridge interfaces and subscribing each slave.
* But in that case this does no harm, as the sets are just merged. */
if (fromBridged) {
network->learnBridgedMulticastGroup(tPtr,multicastGroup,RR->node->now());
}
// First pass sets noTee to false, but noTee is set to true in OutboundMulticast to prevent duplicates.
if (!network->filterOutgoingPacket(tPtr,false,RR->identity.address(),Address(),from,to,(const uint8_t *)data,len,etherType,vlanId,qosBucket)) {
RR->t->outgoingNetworkFrameDropped(tPtr,network,from,to,etherType,vlanId,len,"filter blocked");
return;
}
RR->mc->send(
tPtr,
RR->node->now(),
network,
Address(),
multicastGroup,
(fromBridged) ? from : MAC(),
etherType,
data,
len);
} else if (to == network->mac()) {
// Destination is this node, so just reinject it
//
// same pattern as putFrame call above
//
std::thread([=]() {
RR->node->putFrame(tPtr, network->id(), network->userPtr(), from, to, etherType, vlanId, data, len);
}).detach();
} else if (to[0] == MAC::firstOctetForNetwork(network->id())) {
// Destination is another ZeroTier peer on the same network
Address toZT(to.toAddress(network->id())); // since in-network MACs are derived from addresses and network IDs, we can reverse this
SharedPtr<Peer> toPeer(RR->topology->getPeer(tPtr,toZT));
if (!network->filterOutgoingPacket(tPtr,false,RR->identity.address(),toZT,from,to,(const uint8_t *)data,len,etherType,vlanId,qosBucket)) {
RR->t->outgoingNetworkFrameDropped(tPtr,network,from,to,etherType,vlanId,len,"filter blocked");
return;
}
network->pushCredentialsIfNeeded(tPtr,toZT,RR->node->now());
if (!fromBridged) {
Packet outp(toZT,RR->identity.address(),Packet::VERB_FRAME);
outp.append(network->id());
outp.append((uint16_t)etherType);
outp.append(data,len);
// 1.4.8: disable compression for unicast as it almost never helps
//if (!network->config().disableCompression())
// outp.compress();
aqm_enqueue(tPtr,network,outp,true,qosBucket,flowId);
} else {
Packet outp(toZT,RR->identity.address(),Packet::VERB_EXT_FRAME);
outp.append(network->id());
outp.append((unsigned char)0x00);
to.appendTo(outp);
from.appendTo(outp);
outp.append((uint16_t)etherType);
outp.append(data,len);
// 1.4.8: disable compression for unicast as it almost never helps
//if (!network->config().disableCompression())
// outp.compress();
aqm_enqueue(tPtr,network,outp,true,qosBucket,flowId);
}
} else {
// Destination is bridged behind a remote peer
// We filter with a NULL destination ZeroTier address first. Filtrations
// for each ZT destination are also done below. This is the same rationale
// and design as for multicast.
if (!network->filterOutgoingPacket(tPtr,false,RR->identity.address(),Address(),from,to,(const uint8_t *)data,len,etherType,vlanId,qosBucket)) {
RR->t->outgoingNetworkFrameDropped(tPtr,network,from,to,etherType,vlanId,len,"filter blocked");
return;
}
Address bridges[ZT_MAX_BRIDGE_SPAM];
unsigned int numBridges = 0;
/* Create an array of up to ZT_MAX_BRIDGE_SPAM recipients for this bridged frame. */
bridges[0] = network->findBridgeTo(to);
std::vector<Address> activeBridges(network->config().activeBridges());
if ((bridges[0])&&(bridges[0] != RR->identity.address())&&(network->config().permitsBridging(bridges[0]))) {
/* We have a known bridge route for this MAC, send it there. */
++numBridges;
} else if (!activeBridges.empty()) {
/* If there is no known route, spam to up to ZT_MAX_BRIDGE_SPAM active
* bridges. If someone responds, we'll learn the route. */
std::vector<Address>::const_iterator ab(activeBridges.begin());
if (activeBridges.size() <= ZT_MAX_BRIDGE_SPAM) {
// If there are <= ZT_MAX_BRIDGE_SPAM active bridges, spam them all
while (ab != activeBridges.end()) {
bridges[numBridges++] = *ab;
++ab;
}
} else {
// Otherwise pick a random set of them
while (numBridges < ZT_MAX_BRIDGE_SPAM) {
if (ab == activeBridges.end()) {
ab = activeBridges.begin();
}
if (((unsigned long)RR->node->prng() % (unsigned long)activeBridges.size()) == 0) {
bridges[numBridges++] = *ab;
++ab;
} else {
++ab;
}
}
}
}
for(unsigned int b=0;b<numBridges;++b) {
if (network->filterOutgoingPacket(tPtr,true,RR->identity.address(),bridges[b],from,to,(const uint8_t *)data,len,etherType,vlanId,qosBucket)) {
Packet outp(bridges[b],RR->identity.address(),Packet::VERB_EXT_FRAME);
outp.append(network->id());
outp.append((uint8_t)0x00);
to.appendTo(outp);
from.appendTo(outp);
outp.append((uint16_t)etherType);
outp.append(data,len);
// 1.4.8: disable compression for unicast as it almost never helps
//if (!network->config().disableCompression())
// outp.compress();
aqm_enqueue(tPtr,network,outp,true,qosBucket,flowId);
} else {
RR->t->outgoingNetworkFrameDropped(tPtr,network,from,to,etherType,vlanId,len,"filter blocked (bridge replication)");
}
}
}
}
void Switch::aqm_enqueue(void *tPtr, const SharedPtr<Network> &network, Packet &packet,bool encrypt,int qosBucket,int32_t flowId)
{
if(!network->qosEnabled()) {
send(tPtr, packet, encrypt, flowId);
return;
}
NetworkQoSControlBlock *nqcb = _netQueueControlBlock[network->id()];
if (!nqcb) {
nqcb = new NetworkQoSControlBlock();
_netQueueControlBlock[network->id()] = nqcb;
// Initialize ZT_QOS_NUM_BUCKETS queues and place them in the INACTIVE list
// These queues will be shuffled between the new/old/inactive lists by the enqueue/dequeue algorithm
for (int i=0; i<ZT_AQM_NUM_BUCKETS; i++) {
nqcb->inactiveQueues.push_back(new ManagedQueue(i));
}
}
// Don't apply QoS scheduling to ZT protocol traffic
if (packet.verb() != Packet::VERB_FRAME && packet.verb() != Packet::VERB_EXT_FRAME) {
send(tPtr, packet, encrypt, flowId);
}
_aqm_m.lock();
// Enqueue packet and move queue to appropriate list
const Address dest(packet.destination());
TXQueueEntry *txEntry = new TXQueueEntry(dest,RR->node->now(),packet,encrypt,flowId);
ManagedQueue *selectedQueue = nullptr;
for (size_t i=0; i<ZT_AQM_NUM_BUCKETS; i++) {
if (i < nqcb->oldQueues.size()) { // search old queues first (I think this is best since old would imply most recent usage of the queue)
if (nqcb->oldQueues[i]->id == qosBucket) {
selectedQueue = nqcb->oldQueues[i];
}
}
if (i < nqcb->newQueues.size()) { // search new queues (this would imply not often-used queues)
if (nqcb->newQueues[i]->id == qosBucket) {
selectedQueue = nqcb->newQueues[i];
}
}
if (i < nqcb->inactiveQueues.size()) { // search inactive queues
if (nqcb->inactiveQueues[i]->id == qosBucket) {
selectedQueue = nqcb->inactiveQueues[i];
// move queue to end of NEW queue list
selectedQueue->byteCredit = ZT_AQM_QUANTUM;
// DEBUG_INFO("moving q=%p from INACTIVE to NEW list", selectedQueue);
nqcb->newQueues.push_back(selectedQueue);
nqcb->inactiveQueues.erase(nqcb->inactiveQueues.begin() + i);
}
}
}
if (!selectedQueue) {
_aqm_m.unlock();
return;
}
selectedQueue->q.push_back(txEntry);
selectedQueue->byteLength+=txEntry->packet.payloadLength();
nqcb->_currEnqueuedPackets++;
// DEBUG_INFO("nq=%2lu, oq=%2lu, iq=%2lu, nqcb.size()=%3d, bucket=%2d, q=%p", nqcb->newQueues.size(), nqcb->oldQueues.size(), nqcb->inactiveQueues.size(), nqcb->_currEnqueuedPackets, qosBucket, selectedQueue);
// Drop a packet if necessary
ManagedQueue *selectedQueueToDropFrom = nullptr;
if (nqcb->_currEnqueuedPackets > ZT_AQM_MAX_ENQUEUED_PACKETS) {
// DEBUG_INFO("too many enqueued packets (%d), finding packet to drop", nqcb->_currEnqueuedPackets);
int maxQueueLength = 0;
for (size_t i=0; i<ZT_AQM_NUM_BUCKETS; i++) {
if (i < nqcb->oldQueues.size()) {
if (nqcb->oldQueues[i]->byteLength > maxQueueLength) {
maxQueueLength = nqcb->oldQueues[i]->byteLength;
selectedQueueToDropFrom = nqcb->oldQueues[i];
}
}
if (i < nqcb->newQueues.size()) {
if (nqcb->newQueues[i]->byteLength > maxQueueLength) {
maxQueueLength = nqcb->newQueues[i]->byteLength;
selectedQueueToDropFrom = nqcb->newQueues[i];
}
}
if (i < nqcb->inactiveQueues.size()) {
if (nqcb->inactiveQueues[i]->byteLength > maxQueueLength) {
maxQueueLength = nqcb->inactiveQueues[i]->byteLength;
selectedQueueToDropFrom = nqcb->inactiveQueues[i];
}
}
}
if (selectedQueueToDropFrom) {
// DEBUG_INFO("dropping packet from head of largest queue (%d payload bytes)", maxQueueLength);
int sizeOfDroppedPacket = selectedQueueToDropFrom->q.front()->packet.payloadLength();
delete selectedQueueToDropFrom->q.front();
selectedQueueToDropFrom->q.pop_front();
selectedQueueToDropFrom->byteLength-=sizeOfDroppedPacket;
nqcb->_currEnqueuedPackets--;
}
}
_aqm_m.unlock();
aqm_dequeue(tPtr);
}
uint64_t Switch::control_law(uint64_t t, int count)
{
return (uint64_t)(t + ZT_AQM_INTERVAL / sqrt(count));
}
Switch::dqr Switch::dodequeue(ManagedQueue *q, uint64_t now)
{
dqr r;
r.ok_to_drop = false;
r.p = q->q.front();
if (r.p == NULL) {
q->first_above_time = 0;
return r;
}
uint64_t sojourn_time = now - r.p->creationTime;
if (sojourn_time < ZT_AQM_TARGET || q->byteLength <= ZT_DEFAULT_MTU) {
// went below - stay below for at least interval
q->first_above_time = 0;
} else {
if (q->first_above_time == 0) {
// just went above from below. if still above at
// first_above_time, will say it's ok to drop.
q->first_above_time = now + ZT_AQM_INTERVAL;
} else if (now >= q->first_above_time) {
r.ok_to_drop = true;
}
}
return r;
}
Switch::TXQueueEntry * Switch::CoDelDequeue(ManagedQueue *q, bool isNew, uint64_t now)
{
dqr r = dodequeue(q, now);
if (q->dropping) {
if (!r.ok_to_drop) {
q->dropping = false;
}
while (now >= q->drop_next && q->dropping) {
q->q.pop_front(); // drop
r = dodequeue(q, now);
if (!r.ok_to_drop) {
// leave dropping state
q->dropping = false;
} else {
++(q->count);
// schedule the next drop.
q->drop_next = control_law(q->drop_next, q->count);
}
}
} else if (r.ok_to_drop) {
q->q.pop_front(); // drop
r = dodequeue(q, now);
q->dropping = true;
q->count = (q->count > 2 && now - q->drop_next < 8*ZT_AQM_INTERVAL)?
q->count - 2 : 1;
q->drop_next = control_law(now, q->count);
}
return r.p;
}
void Switch::aqm_dequeue(void *tPtr)
{
// Cycle through network-specific QoS control blocks
for(std::map<uint64_t,NetworkQoSControlBlock*>::iterator nqcb(_netQueueControlBlock.begin());nqcb!=_netQueueControlBlock.end();) {
if (!(*nqcb).second->_currEnqueuedPackets) {
return;
}
uint64_t now = RR->node->now();
TXQueueEntry *entryToEmit = nullptr;
std::vector<ManagedQueue*> *currQueues = &((*nqcb).second->newQueues);
std::vector<ManagedQueue*> *oldQueues = &((*nqcb).second->oldQueues);
std::vector<ManagedQueue*> *inactiveQueues = &((*nqcb).second->inactiveQueues);
_aqm_m.lock();
// Attempt dequeue from queues in NEW list
bool examiningNewQueues = true;
while (currQueues->size()) {
ManagedQueue *queueAtFrontOfList = currQueues->front();
if (queueAtFrontOfList->byteCredit < 0) {
queueAtFrontOfList->byteCredit += ZT_AQM_QUANTUM;
// Move to list of OLD queues
// DEBUG_INFO("moving q=%p from NEW to OLD list", queueAtFrontOfList);
oldQueues->push_back(queueAtFrontOfList);
currQueues->erase(currQueues->begin());
} else {
entryToEmit = CoDelDequeue(queueAtFrontOfList, examiningNewQueues, now);
if (!entryToEmit) {
// Move to end of list of OLD queues
// DEBUG_INFO("moving q=%p from NEW to OLD list", queueAtFrontOfList);
oldQueues->push_back(queueAtFrontOfList);
currQueues->erase(currQueues->begin());
} else {
int len = entryToEmit->packet.payloadLength();
queueAtFrontOfList->byteLength -= len;
queueAtFrontOfList->byteCredit -= len;
// Send the packet!
queueAtFrontOfList->q.pop_front();
send(tPtr, entryToEmit->packet, entryToEmit->encrypt, entryToEmit->flowId);
(*nqcb).second->_currEnqueuedPackets--;
}
if (queueAtFrontOfList) {
//DEBUG_INFO("dequeuing from q=%p, len=%lu in NEW list (byteCredit=%d)", queueAtFrontOfList, queueAtFrontOfList->q.size(), queueAtFrontOfList->byteCredit);
}
break;
}
}
// Attempt dequeue from queues in OLD list
examiningNewQueues = false;
currQueues = &((*nqcb).second->oldQueues);
while (currQueues->size()) {
ManagedQueue *queueAtFrontOfList = currQueues->front();
if (queueAtFrontOfList->byteCredit < 0) {
queueAtFrontOfList->byteCredit += ZT_AQM_QUANTUM;
oldQueues->push_back(queueAtFrontOfList);
currQueues->erase(currQueues->begin());
} else {
entryToEmit = CoDelDequeue(queueAtFrontOfList, examiningNewQueues, now);
if (!entryToEmit) {
//DEBUG_INFO("moving q=%p from OLD to INACTIVE list", queueAtFrontOfList);
// Move to inactive list of queues
inactiveQueues->push_back(queueAtFrontOfList);
currQueues->erase(currQueues->begin());
} else {
int len = entryToEmit->packet.payloadLength();
queueAtFrontOfList->byteLength -= len;
queueAtFrontOfList->byteCredit -= len;
queueAtFrontOfList->q.pop_front();
send(tPtr, entryToEmit->packet, entryToEmit->encrypt, entryToEmit->flowId);
(*nqcb).second->_currEnqueuedPackets--;
}
if (queueAtFrontOfList) {
//DEBUG_INFO("dequeuing from q=%p, len=%lu in OLD list (byteCredit=%d)", queueAtFrontOfList, queueAtFrontOfList->q.size(), queueAtFrontOfList->byteCredit);
}
break;
}
}
nqcb++;
_aqm_m.unlock();
}
}
void Switch::removeNetworkQoSControlBlock(uint64_t nwid)
{
NetworkQoSControlBlock *nq = _netQueueControlBlock[nwid];
if (nq) {
_netQueueControlBlock.erase(nwid);
delete nq;
nq = NULL;
}
}
void Switch::send(void *tPtr,Packet &packet,bool encrypt,int32_t flowId)
{
const Address dest(packet.destination());
if (dest == RR->identity.address()) {
return;
}
_recordOutgoingPacketMetrics(packet);
if (!_trySend(tPtr,packet,encrypt,flowId)) {
{
Mutex::Lock _l(_txQueue_m);
if (_txQueue.size() >= ZT_TX_QUEUE_SIZE) {
_txQueue.pop_front();
}
_txQueue.push_back(TXQueueEntry(dest,RR->node->now(),packet,encrypt,flowId));
}
if (!RR->topology->getPeer(tPtr,dest)) {
requestWhois(tPtr,RR->node->now(),dest);
}
}
}
void Switch::requestWhois(void *tPtr,const int64_t now,const Address &addr)
{
if (addr == RR->identity.address()) {
return;
}
{
Mutex::Lock _l(_lastSentWhoisRequest_m);
int64_t &last = _lastSentWhoisRequest[addr];
if ((now - last) < ZT_WHOIS_RETRY_DELAY) {
return;
} else {
last = now;
}
}
const SharedPtr<Peer> upstream(RR->topology->getUpstreamPeer());
if (upstream) {
int32_t flowId = ZT_QOS_NO_FLOW;
Packet outp(upstream->address(),RR->identity.address(),Packet::VERB_WHOIS);
addr.appendTo(outp);
send(tPtr,outp,true,flowId);
}
}
void Switch::doAnythingWaitingForPeer(void *tPtr,const SharedPtr<Peer> &peer)
{
{
Mutex::Lock _l(_lastSentWhoisRequest_m);
_lastSentWhoisRequest.erase(peer->address());
}
const int64_t now = RR->node->now();
for(unsigned int ptr=0;ptr<ZT_RX_QUEUE_SIZE;++ptr) {
RXQueueEntry *const rq = &(_rxQueue[ptr]);
Mutex::Lock rql(rq->lock);
if ((rq->timestamp)&&(rq->complete)) {
if ((rq->frag0.tryDecode(RR,tPtr,rq->flowId))||((now - rq->timestamp) > ZT_RECEIVE_QUEUE_TIMEOUT)) {
rq->timestamp = 0;
}
}
}
{
Mutex::Lock _l(_txQueue_m);
for(std::list< TXQueueEntry >::iterator txi(_txQueue.begin());txi!=_txQueue.end();) {
if (txi->dest == peer->address()) {
if (_trySend(tPtr,txi->packet,txi->encrypt,txi->flowId)) {
_txQueue.erase(txi++);
} else {
++txi;
}
} else {
++txi;
}
}
}
}
unsigned long Switch::doTimerTasks(void *tPtr,int64_t now)
{
const uint64_t timeSinceLastCheck = now - _lastCheckedQueues;
if (timeSinceLastCheck < ZT_WHOIS_RETRY_DELAY) {
return (unsigned long)(ZT_WHOIS_RETRY_DELAY - timeSinceLastCheck);
}
_lastCheckedQueues = now;
std::vector<Address> needWhois;
{
Mutex::Lock _l(_txQueue_m);
for(std::list< TXQueueEntry >::iterator txi(_txQueue.begin());txi!=_txQueue.end();) {
if (_trySend(tPtr,txi->packet,txi->encrypt,txi->flowId)) {
_txQueue.erase(txi++);
} else if ((now - txi->creationTime) > ZT_TRANSMIT_QUEUE_TIMEOUT) {
_txQueue.erase(txi++);
} else {
if (!RR->topology->getPeer(tPtr,txi->dest)) {
needWhois.push_back(txi->dest);
}
++txi;
}
}
}
for(std::vector<Address>::const_iterator i(needWhois.begin());i!=needWhois.end();++i) {
requestWhois(tPtr,now,*i);
}
for(unsigned int ptr=0;ptr<ZT_RX_QUEUE_SIZE;++ptr) {
RXQueueEntry *const rq = &(_rxQueue[ptr]);
Mutex::Lock rql(rq->lock);
if ((rq->timestamp)&&(rq->complete)) {
if ((rq->frag0.tryDecode(RR,tPtr,rq->flowId))||((now - rq->timestamp) > ZT_RECEIVE_QUEUE_TIMEOUT)) {
rq->timestamp = 0;
} else {
const Address src(rq->frag0.source());
if (!RR->topology->getPeer(tPtr,src)) {
requestWhois(tPtr,now,src);
}
}
}
}
{
Mutex::Lock _l(_lastUniteAttempt_m);
Hashtable< _LastUniteKey,uint64_t >::Iterator i(_lastUniteAttempt);
_LastUniteKey *k = (_LastUniteKey *)0;
uint64_t *v = (uint64_t *)0;
while (i.next(k,v)) {
if ((now - *v) >= (ZT_MIN_UNITE_INTERVAL * 8)) {
_lastUniteAttempt.erase(*k);
}
}
}
{
Mutex::Lock _l(_lastSentWhoisRequest_m);
Hashtable< Address,int64_t >::Iterator i(_lastSentWhoisRequest);
Address *a = (Address *)0;
int64_t *ts = (int64_t *)0;
while (i.next(a,ts)) {
if ((now - *ts) > (ZT_WHOIS_RETRY_DELAY * 2)) {
_lastSentWhoisRequest.erase(*a);
}
}
}
return ZT_WHOIS_RETRY_DELAY;
}
bool Switch::_shouldUnite(const int64_t now,const Address &source,const Address &destination)
{
Mutex::Lock _l(_lastUniteAttempt_m);
uint64_t &ts = _lastUniteAttempt[_LastUniteKey(source,destination)];
if ((now - ts) >= ZT_MIN_UNITE_INTERVAL) {
ts = now;
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool Switch::_trySend(void *tPtr,Packet &packet,bool encrypt,int32_t flowId)
{
SharedPtr<Path> viaPath;
const int64_t now = RR->node->now();
const Address destination(packet.destination());
const SharedPtr<Peer> peer(RR->topology->getPeer(tPtr,destination));
if (peer) {
if ((peer->bondingPolicy() == ZT_BOND_POLICY_BROADCAST)
&& (packet.verb() == Packet::VERB_FRAME || packet.verb() == Packet::VERB_EXT_FRAME)) {
const SharedPtr<Peer> relay(RR->topology->getUpstreamPeer());
Mutex::Lock _l(peer->_paths_m);
for(int i=0;i<ZT_MAX_PEER_NETWORK_PATHS;++i) {
if (peer->_paths[i].p && peer->_paths[i].p->alive(now)) {
uint16_t userSpecifiedMtu = peer->_paths[i].p->mtu();
_sendViaSpecificPath(tPtr,peer,peer->_paths[i].p, userSpecifiedMtu,now,packet,encrypt,flowId);
}
}
return true;
} else {
viaPath = peer->getAppropriatePath(now,false,flowId);
if (!viaPath) {
peer->tryMemorizedPath(tPtr,now); // periodically attempt memorized or statically defined paths, if any are known
const SharedPtr<Peer> relay(RR->topology->getUpstreamPeer());
if ( (!relay) || (!(viaPath = relay->getAppropriatePath(now,false,flowId))) ) {
if (!(viaPath = peer->getAppropriatePath(now,true,flowId))) {
return false;
}
}
}
if (viaPath) {
uint16_t userSpecifiedMtu = viaPath->mtu();
_sendViaSpecificPath(tPtr,peer,viaPath,userSpecifiedMtu,now,packet,encrypt,flowId);
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
void Switch::_sendViaSpecificPath(void *tPtr,SharedPtr<Peer> peer,SharedPtr<Path> viaPath,uint16_t userSpecifiedMtu, int64_t now,Packet &packet,bool encrypt,int32_t flowId)
{
unsigned int mtu = ZT_DEFAULT_PHYSMTU;
uint64_t trustedPathId = 0;
RR->topology->getOutboundPathInfo(viaPath->address(),mtu,trustedPathId);
if (userSpecifiedMtu > 0) {
mtu = userSpecifiedMtu;
}
unsigned int chunkSize = std::min(packet.size(),mtu);
packet.setFragmented(chunkSize < packet.size());
if (trustedPathId) {
packet.setTrusted(trustedPathId);
} else {
if (!packet.isEncrypted()) {
packet.armor(peer->key(),encrypt,peer->aesKeysIfSupported());
}
RR->node->expectReplyTo(packet.packetId());
}
peer->recordOutgoingPacket(viaPath, packet.packetId(), packet.payloadLength(), packet.verb(), flowId, now);
if (viaPath->send(RR,tPtr,packet.data(),chunkSize,now)) {
if (chunkSize < packet.size()) {
// Too big for one packet, fragment the rest
unsigned int fragStart = chunkSize;
unsigned int remaining = packet.size() - chunkSize;
unsigned int fragsRemaining = (remaining / (mtu - ZT_PROTO_MIN_FRAGMENT_LENGTH));
if ((fragsRemaining * (mtu - ZT_PROTO_MIN_FRAGMENT_LENGTH)) < remaining) {
++fragsRemaining;
}
const unsigned int totalFragments = fragsRemaining + 1;
for(unsigned int fno=1;fno<totalFragments;++fno) {
chunkSize = std::min(remaining,(unsigned int)(mtu - ZT_PROTO_MIN_FRAGMENT_LENGTH));
Packet::Fragment frag(packet,fragStart,chunkSize,fno,totalFragments);
viaPath->send(RR,tPtr,frag.data(),frag.size(),now);
fragStart += chunkSize;
remaining -= chunkSize;
}
}
}
}
void Switch::_recordOutgoingPacketMetrics(const Packet &p) {
switch (p.verb()) {
case Packet::VERB_NOP:
Metrics::pkt_nop_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_HELLO:
Metrics::pkt_hello_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_ERROR:
Metrics::pkt_error_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_OK:
Metrics::pkt_ok_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_WHOIS:
Metrics::pkt_whois_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_RENDEZVOUS:
Metrics::pkt_rendezvous_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_FRAME:
Metrics::pkt_frame_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_EXT_FRAME:
Metrics::pkt_ext_frame_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_ECHO:
Metrics::pkt_echo_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_MULTICAST_LIKE:
Metrics::pkt_multicast_like_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_NETWORK_CREDENTIALS:
Metrics::pkt_network_credentials_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_NETWORK_CONFIG_REQUEST:
Metrics::pkt_network_config_request_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_NETWORK_CONFIG:
Metrics::pkt_network_config_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_MULTICAST_GATHER:
Metrics::pkt_multicast_gather_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_MULTICAST_FRAME:
Metrics::pkt_multicast_frame_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_PUSH_DIRECT_PATHS:
Metrics::pkt_push_direct_paths_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_ACK:
Metrics::pkt_ack_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_QOS_MEASUREMENT:
Metrics::pkt_qos_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_USER_MESSAGE:
Metrics::pkt_user_message_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_REMOTE_TRACE:
Metrics::pkt_remote_trace_out++;
break;
case Packet::VERB_PATH_NEGOTIATION_REQUEST:
Metrics::pkt_path_negotiation_request_out++;
break;
}
}
} // namespace ZeroTier
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