ZeroTierOne/node/Path.hpp
Adam Ierymenko 2c995f1f91 IPv6 links are unfortunately not "reliable." Many IPv6 gateways, while not
implementing NAT, do implement stateful firewalling with absurdly short
timeouts (<60s). Keepalives are still required in IPv6.

Network engineers continue to mindlessly carry forward cruft and baggage
from IPv4 to IPv6.
2016-05-31 10:30:00 -07:00

366 lines
11 KiB
C++

/*
* ZeroTier One - Network Virtualization Everywhere
* Copyright (C) 2011-2016 ZeroTier, Inc. https://www.zerotier.com/
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#ifndef ZT_PATH_HPP
#define ZT_PATH_HPP
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <algorithm>
#include "Constants.hpp"
#include "InetAddress.hpp"
// Note: if you change these flags check the logic below. Some of it depends
// on these bits being what they are.
/**
* Flag indicating that this path is suboptimal
*
* Clusters set this flag on remote paths if GeoIP or other routing decisions
* indicate that a peer should be handed off to another cluster member.
*/
#define ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_SUBOPTIMAL 0x0001
/**
* Flag indicating that this path is optimal
*
* Peers set this flag on paths that are pushed by a cluster and indicated as
* optimal. A second flag is needed since we want to prioritize cluster optimal
* paths and de-prioritize sub-optimal paths and for new paths we don't know
* which one they are. So we want a trinary state: optimal, suboptimal, unknown.
*/
#define ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_OPTIMAL 0x0002
/**
* Maximum return value of preferenceRank()
*/
#define ZT_PATH_MAX_PREFERENCE_RANK ((ZT_INETADDRESS_MAX_SCOPE << 1) | 1)
namespace ZeroTier {
class RuntimeEnvironment;
/**
* Base class for paths
*
* The base Path class is an immutable value.
*/
class Path
{
public:
Path() :
_lastSend(0),
_lastPing(0),
_lastKeepalive(0),
_lastReceived(0),
_addr(),
_localAddress(),
_flags(0),
_ipScope(InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_NONE)
{
}
Path(const InetAddress &localAddress,const InetAddress &addr) :
_lastSend(0),
_lastPing(0),
_lastKeepalive(0),
_lastReceived(0),
_addr(addr),
_localAddress(localAddress),
_flags(0),
_ipScope(addr.ipScope())
{
}
inline Path &operator=(const Path &p)
{
if (this != &p)
memcpy(this,&p,sizeof(Path));
return *this;
}
/**
* Called when a packet is sent to this remote path
*
* This is called automatically by Path::send().
*
* @param t Time of send
*/
inline void sent(uint64_t t) { _lastSend = t; }
/**
* Called when we've sent a ping or echo
*
* @param t Time of send
*/
inline void pinged(uint64_t t) { _lastPing = t; }
/**
* Called when we send a NAT keepalive
*
* @param t Time of send
*/
inline void sentKeepalive(uint64_t t) { _lastKeepalive = t; }
/**
* Called when a packet is received from this remote path
*
* @param t Time of receive
*/
inline void received(uint64_t t)
{
_lastReceived = t;
_probation = 0;
}
/**
* @param now Current time
* @return True if this path appears active
*/
inline bool active(uint64_t now) const
{
return ( ((now - _lastReceived) < ZT_PATH_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT) && (_probation < ZT_PEER_DEAD_PATH_DETECTION_MAX_PROBATION) );
}
/**
* Send a packet via this path
*
* @param RR Runtime environment
* @param data Packet data
* @param len Packet length
* @param now Current time
* @return True if transport reported success
*/
bool send(const RuntimeEnvironment *RR,const void *data,unsigned int len,uint64_t now);
/**
* @return Address of local side of this path or NULL if unspecified
*/
inline const InetAddress &localAddress() const throw() { return _localAddress; }
/**
* @return Time of last send to this path
*/
inline uint64_t lastSend() const throw() { return _lastSend; }
/**
* @return Time we last pinged or dead path checked this link
*/
inline uint64_t lastPing() const throw() { return _lastPing; }
/**
* @return Time of last keepalive
*/
inline uint64_t lastKeepalive() const throw() { return _lastKeepalive; }
/**
* @return Time of last receive from this path
*/
inline uint64_t lastReceived() const throw() { return _lastReceived; }
/**
* @return Physical address
*/
inline const InetAddress &address() const throw() { return _addr; }
/**
* @return IP scope -- faster shortcut for address().ipScope()
*/
inline InetAddress::IpScope ipScope() const throw() { return _ipScope; }
/**
* @param f Valuve of ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_SUBOPTIMAL and inverse of ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_OPTIMAL (both are changed)
*/
inline void setClusterSuboptimal(bool f)
{
if (f) {
_flags = (_flags | ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_SUBOPTIMAL) & ~ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_OPTIMAL;
} else {
_flags = (_flags | ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_OPTIMAL) & ~ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_SUBOPTIMAL;
}
}
/**
* @return True if ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_SUBOPTIMAL is set
*/
inline bool isClusterSuboptimal() const { return ((_flags & ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_SUBOPTIMAL) != 0); }
/**
* @return True if ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_OPTIMAL is set
*/
inline bool isClusterOptimal() const { return ((_flags & ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_OPTIMAL) != 0); }
/**
* @return Preference rank, higher == better (will be less than 255)
*/
inline unsigned int preferenceRank() const throw()
{
/* First, since the scope enum values in InetAddress.hpp are in order of
* use preference rank, we take that. Then we multiple by two, yielding
* a sequence like 0, 2, 4, 6, etc. Then if it's IPv6 we add one. This
* makes IPv6 addresses of a given scope outrank IPv4 addresses of the
* same scope -- e.g. 1 outranks 0. This makes us prefer IPv6, but not
* if the address scope/class is of a fundamentally lower rank. */
return ( ((unsigned int)_ipScope << 1) | (unsigned int)(_addr.ss_family == AF_INET6) );
}
/**
* @return This path's overall quality score (higher is better)
*/
inline uint64_t score() const throw()
{
// This is a little bit convoluted because we try to be branch-free, using multiplication instead of branches for boolean flags
// Start with the last time this path was active, and add a fudge factor to prevent integer underflow if _lastReceived is 0
uint64_t score = _lastReceived + (ZT_PEER_DIRECT_PING_DELAY * (ZT_PEER_DEAD_PATH_DETECTION_MAX_PROBATION + 1));
// Increase score based on path preference rank, which is based on IP scope and address family
score += preferenceRank() * (ZT_PEER_DIRECT_PING_DELAY / ZT_PATH_MAX_PREFERENCE_RANK);
// Increase score if this is known to be an optimal path to a cluster
score += (uint64_t)(_flags & ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_OPTIMAL) * (ZT_PEER_DIRECT_PING_DELAY / 2); // /2 because CLUSTER_OPTIMAL is flag 0x0002
// Decrease score if this is known to be a sub-optimal path to a cluster
score -= (uint64_t)(_flags & ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_SUBOPTIMAL) * ZT_PEER_DIRECT_PING_DELAY;
// Penalize for missed ECHO tests in dead path detection
score -= (uint64_t)((ZT_PEER_DIRECT_PING_DELAY / 2) * _probation);
return score;
}
/**
* @return True if path is considered reliable (no NAT keepalives etc. are needed)
*/
inline bool reliable() const throw()
{
if ((_addr.ss_family == AF_INET)||(_addr.ss_family == AF_INET6))
return ((_ipScope != InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_GLOBAL)&&(_ipScope != InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_PSEUDOPRIVATE));
return true;
}
/**
* @return True if address is non-NULL
*/
inline operator bool() const throw() { return (_addr); }
/**
* Check whether this address is valid for a ZeroTier path
*
* This checks the address type and scope against address types and scopes
* that we currently support for ZeroTier communication.
*
* @param a Address to check
* @return True if address is good for ZeroTier path use
*/
static inline bool isAddressValidForPath(const InetAddress &a)
throw()
{
if ((a.ss_family == AF_INET)||(a.ss_family == AF_INET6)) {
switch(a.ipScope()) {
/* Note: we don't do link-local at the moment. Unfortunately these
* cause several issues. The first is that they usually require a
* device qualifier, which we don't handle yet and can't portably
* push in PUSH_DIRECT_PATHS. The second is that some OSes assign
* these very ephemerally or otherwise strangely. So we'll use
* private, pseudo-private, shared (e.g. carrier grade NAT), or
* global IP addresses. */
case InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_PRIVATE:
case InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_PSEUDOPRIVATE:
case InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_SHARED:
case InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_GLOBAL:
if (a.ss_family == AF_INET6) {
// TEMPORARY HACK: for now, we are going to blacklist he.net IPv6
// tunnels due to very spotty performance and low MTU issues over
// these IPv6 tunnel links.
const uint8_t *ipd = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_in6 *>(&a)->sin6_addr.s6_addr);
if ((ipd[0] == 0x20)&&(ipd[1] == 0x01)&&(ipd[2] == 0x04)&&(ipd[3] == 0x70))
return false;
}
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* @return Current path probation count (for dead path detect)
*/
inline unsigned int probation() const { return _probation; }
/**
* Increase this path's probation violation count (for dead path detect)
*/
inline void increaseProbation() { ++_probation; }
template<unsigned int C>
inline void serialize(Buffer<C> &b) const
{
b.append((uint8_t)2); // version
b.append((uint64_t)_lastSend);
b.append((uint64_t)_lastPing);
b.append((uint64_t)_lastKeepalive);
b.append((uint64_t)_lastReceived);
_addr.serialize(b);
_localAddress.serialize(b);
b.append((uint16_t)_flags);
b.append((uint16_t)_probation);
}
template<unsigned int C>
inline unsigned int deserialize(const Buffer<C> &b,unsigned int startAt = 0)
{
unsigned int p = startAt;
if (b[p++] != 2)
throw std::invalid_argument("invalid serialized Path");
_lastSend = b.template at<uint64_t>(p); p += 8;
_lastPing = b.template at<uint64_t>(p); p += 8;
_lastKeepalive = b.template at<uint64_t>(p); p += 8;
_lastReceived = b.template at<uint64_t>(p); p += 8;
p += _addr.deserialize(b,p);
p += _localAddress.deserialize(b,p);
_flags = b.template at<uint16_t>(p); p += 2;
_probation = b.template at<uint16_t>(p); p += 2;
_ipScope = _addr.ipScope();
return (p - startAt);
}
inline bool operator==(const Path &p) const { return ((p._addr == _addr)&&(p._localAddress == _localAddress)); }
inline bool operator!=(const Path &p) const { return ((p._addr != _addr)||(p._localAddress != _localAddress)); }
private:
uint64_t _lastSend;
uint64_t _lastPing;
uint64_t _lastKeepalive;
uint64_t _lastReceived;
InetAddress _addr;
InetAddress _localAddress;
unsigned int _flags;
unsigned int _probation;
InetAddress::IpScope _ipScope; // memoize this since it's a computed value checked often
};
} // namespace ZeroTier
#endif